A method for sampling forestry soil for detection

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for sampling forestry soil for detection, which relates to the field of soil detection and sampling. When sampling using this method for sampling forestry soil for detection, first, in the land area to be measured, sampling points are selected in a crisscross form. The horizontal interval and the vertical interval between each sampling point are both greater than 10 times the diameter of the sampling hole and do not exceed 20 times the diameter of the sampling hole. Moreover, the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other horizontally are different, and the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other vertically are also different. This method for sampling forestry soil for detection conducts rich sample collection in view of the characteristics of the variable distribution of forest land soil, so as to greatly improve the accuracy of sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a soil sampling technology, specifically a forestry soil detection sampling method, belonging to the technical field of soil detection sampling. Background Art

[0002] Soil sampling mainly extracts a part of the soil in the area to be measured for experimental analysis. In actual sampling, most of the time, soil at the corresponding depth is drilled directly in the established soil area to achieve sampling. However, forest land soil is different from general soil. First, forest land is relatively vast, and more scientific planning of sampling points is required during sampling, rather than strict "randomness" in the traditional sense. Because different from general plant-growing soil, forest land is mainly for the growth of forest trees, and its distribution may be irregular. Therefore, samples should be extracted as much as possible everywhere. In addition, most of the forest land is covered with trees with lush roots that can almost extend to any area inside the soil. Therefore, traditional random sampling inspections are not rigorous.

[0003] In addition, in the existing sampling methods, most are the commonly used soil drills, shovels and iron spades. The soil drill consists of a drill bit and a handle made of hard materials. The drill bit is often spiral or cylindrical. The top of the spiral drill bit is a pair of sharp blades that can rotate and cut into the soil. Immediately following the blades is an enlarged soil-holding cavity. As the handle rotates and drills down into the soil surface, the soil sample of the soil layer to be collected is introduced into the cavity. However, in the actual sampling process, especially in the process of forestry soil sampling, the branches and leaves on the ground surface are very likely to directly enter the soil inlet hole, resulting in the blockage of the soil inlet hole, affecting the quality of soil sampling. Moreover, since the soil inlet hole starts soil sampling work from the beginning, it is very easy for the soil sample to be a mixture of soils at multiple depth positions, affecting the detection accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a forestry soil detection sampling method to solve the above problems, so as to solve the problem that the detection and sampling of forest land soil in the prior art are not rich and accurate enough, which may affect the detection accuracy. Technical Solution

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A forestry soil detection sampling method. When sampling, first, sampling points are selected in a criss-cross form in the soil area to be measured. The horizontal interval and the vertical interval between each sampling point are both greater than 10 times the diameter of the sampling hole and do not exceed 20 times the diameter of the sampling hole. Moreover, the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other horizontally are different, and the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other vertically are also different.

[0006] Further, every five sampling holes form a rectangle, and one of the sampling holes is located at the center of the rectangle, and the other four sampling holes are respectively located at the four corners of the rectangle. The depths of the two sampling holes on the diagonal are the same.

[0007] Further, the depth of the sampling hole located at the center of the rectangle is twice the depth of the other four sampling holes. When the sample taken from the sampling hole at the center shows that the soil in the area where the sample is located is multi-layered, the depths of the corresponding four sampling holes at the corners are further expanded to be the same as the depth of the center hole.

[0008] Further, the sampling holes are cylindrical holes, and when sampling, they are inserted vertically into the soil. Each time sampling is performed by inserting, soil samples at several depth positions along the insertion depth can be obtained.

[0009] Further, the sampler capable of obtaining soil samples at several depth positions at one time used in the present invention includes a sampling outer tube, a transmission vertical shaft, and a horizontal grip. A sampling inner tube is fixedly connected inside the sampling outer tube. A soil pushing plate is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the sampling inner tube. A winding structure is arranged between the top of the soil pushing plate and the sampling outer tube. A vertical plate is arranged outside the sampling inner tube. A plurality of sample tubes are threadedly connected to one side of the vertical plate. Sampling small holes are arranged on one side of the sample tubes. A limit sleeve and a limit frame are respectively sleeved on the top and bottom of the outside of the vertical plate.

[0010] Preferably, a flared tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sampling outer tube. The flared tube is fixedly sleeved outside the sampling inner tube. The sampling small holes are opened on the outside of the sampling inner tube. Telescopic air cylinders are fixedly connected to one side of the limit sleeve and the limit frame respectively. The telescopic air cylinders are fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube.

[0011] Preferably, a pulling frame is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical plate. After holding the pulling frame and pulling it upwards, the pulling frame drives the vertical plate to leave the inside of the sampling outer tube. A direction groove is opened at the top of the sampling outer tube.

[0012] Preferably, the horizontal grip is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission vertical shaft. Anti-slip sleeves are fixedly sleeved on both ends of the outside of the horizontal grip. Buttons are fixedly connected to the top of both anti-slip sleeves.

[0013] Preferably, an installation tube is sleeved on the outside of the bottom of the transmission vertical shaft. The bottom end of the transmission vertical shaft is fixedly connected to the soil pushing plate. The installation tube is fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube. Round holes are opened on the outside of both the installation tube and the transmission vertical shaft. A T-shaped frame is arranged at the top of the sampling outer tube. One end of the T-shaped frame passes through the two round holes. Two fixing frames are sleeved on the outside of the T-shaped frame. One end of the T-shaped frame passes through the two round holes and the two fixing frames, and the sampling outer tube and the horizontal grip are installed in a limited way together. The fixing frames are fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube.

[0014] Preferably, the winding structure includes a driving motor fixedly connected inside the horizontal grip. The output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft. An installation seat is rotatably sleeved outside the rotating shaft, and the installation seat is fixedly connected inside the horizontal grip. Steel wire ropes are fixedly connected between the outside of the rotating shaft and the two fixing frames. The rotating shaft is driven to rotate, and the two steel wire ropes fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft being wound by the rotating rotating shaft.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for forest soil detection and sampling, and the beneficial effects thereof are as follows:

[0016] The sampling method adopted by the present invention is not random sampling, but targeted area delimitation and grid sampling. Moreover, it does not use traditional regular grids, but adjacent points are sampled in a staggered manner, and different sampling depths are used, so that more extensive sample data can be obtained, with stronger representativeness, making the soil sample data more accurate.

[0017] In this forest soil detection and sampling method, the downward-moving sampling outer tube and the flared tube are inserted into the soil. When the sampling outer tube moves down to a preset position, a soil column is formed inside the sampling inner tube at the same depth position as the normal soil. The two telescopic air cylinders work and extend to push the limit sleeve and the limit frame, so that the vertical plate supported and limited between the limit sleeve and the limit frame moves. The moving vertical plate pushes a plurality of sample tubes to move. After the plurality of sample tubes penetrate through the corresponding sampling small holes, they are inserted into the soil column inside the sampling inner tube to sample the soil at different height positions of the soil column, thus completing the sampling of different depth positions of the soil, reducing the cost investment in forest land soil sampling. Moreover, the branches and leaves on the ground surface are all at the top of the soil column, so it will not affect the sampling work, and the problem that the branches and leaves in the forest land affect soil sampling can be well avoided.

[0018] In addition, at the output end of the driving motor of the sampler in this method, the fixedly connected rotating shaft is driven to rotate. The two steel wire ropes fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft are wound by the rotating rotating shaft, and the fixed frame pulls the sampling outer tube to move upward, pulling the sampling outer tube and the sampling inner tube out of the soil, which can reduce the time and physical effort input. However, at this time, the position of the soil pushing plate does not move, so the soil column inside the sampling inner tube is blocked and limited by the soil pushing plate and stays in place. Therefore, after sampling, there is only an annular hole on the ground, which is difficult to affect the movement of workers or animals, reducing the damage to the ground and protecting the forest land ecology. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a layout schematic diagram of the sampling position points of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic diagram of the sampler used in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the wire rope of the sampler in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the sampling outer tube;

[0023] Figure 5 Partial schematic diagram of the earth-pushing plate;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the vertical plate.

[0025] Description of main component symbols:

[0026] 1. Sampling outer tube; 2. Flared tube; 3. Sampling inner tube; 4. Sampling small hole; 5. Earth-pushing plate; 6. Installation tube; 7. Driving vertical shaft; 8. Transverse grip bar; 9. Anti-slip sleeve; 10. Button; 11. Driving motor; 12. Rotating shaft; 13. Mounting seat; 14. Wire rope; 15. Fixed frame; 16. T-shaped frame; 17. Round hole; 18. Direction groove; 19. Vertical plate; 20. Telescopic air cylinder; 21. Limit sleeve; 22. Limit frame; 23. Sample tube; 24. Pulling frame. Specific implementation mode

[0027] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for sampling forestry soil detection. When sampling the soil at the forest area, first delimit the established area. In the soil area to be measured, first draw lines for positioning, and select sampling points in a criss-cross form. This method is suitable for sampling in areas with a relatively deep soil thickness. It is set that the horizontal interval and the vertical interval between each sampling point are both greater than 10 times the diameter of the sampling hole and do not exceed 20 times the diameter of the sampling hole. For example, if the diameter of the sampling hole is 4 cm, then the horizontal interval and the vertical interval between each sampling point are both greater than 40 cm and do not exceed 80 cm. When specifically setting, as Figure 1 shown, the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other in the horizontal direction are different, for example, the depth is m, and the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other in the vertical direction are also different, for example, the depth is n. Such a design can obtain more extensive sampling data and avoid the inaccuracy caused by the layered structure arrangement of the soil layer due to sampling at a consistent depth everywhere.

[0028] As one of the specific implementation details, as Figure 1As shown, every five sampling holes are arranged in a rectangular state, and one of the sampling holes is located at the center of the rectangle, and the other four sampling holes are respectively located at the four corners of the rectangle. The hole depths of the two sampling holes on the diagonal are the same, and the hole depth of the sampling hole located at the center of the rectangle is twice the hole depths of the other four sampling holes. In this way, deep sampling can be carried out in this small area with a relatively deep central hole to determine the layering situation, and the other four surrounding holes are used for detailed sampling. When the sample taken from the sampling hole at the center shows that the soil in the area where the sample is located is multi-layered, the depths of the corresponding four sampling holes at the corners are further expanded to be the same as the depth of the central hole, so as to comprehensively display the soil structure characteristics and improve the sampling accuracy.

[0029] When specifically used, each sampling hole is a cylindrical hole, and during sampling, it is inserted vertically into the soil. Each time it is inserted for sampling, soil samples at several depth positions in the insertion depth can be obtained. Thus, for each sampling hole, it can be specifically divided into specimens at multiple depth levels, enriching the sample data and improving the sampling accuracy.

[0030] More specifically, in order to meet the above sampling requirements, in this embodiment, the sampler used can be specifically referred to Figures 2 - 6 , including a sampling outer tube 1, a transmission vertical shaft 7, and a transverse grip 8. A sampling inner tube 3 is fixedly connected inside the sampling outer tube 1. A soil pushing plate 5 is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the sampling inner tube 3. A winding structure is arranged between the top of the soil pushing plate 5 and the sampling outer tube 1. A vertical plate 19 is arranged outside the sampling inner tube 3. A plurality of sample tubes 23 are threadedly connected to one side of the vertical plate 19. A sampling small hole 4 is arranged on one side of the sample tube 23. A limiting sleeve 21 and a limiting frame 22 are respectively sleeved on the top and bottom of the outside of the vertical plate 19.

[0031] During use, a flaring tube 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sampling outer tube 1. While the flaring tube 2 reduces the resistance of inserting into the soil, the flaring tube 2 is also fixedly sleeved outside the sampling inner tube 3 to seal between the sampling inner tube 3 and the sampling outer tube 1, preventing soil from entering the outside of the sampling inner tube 3 and providing sealing protection for the vertical plate 19.

[0032] Hold the anti-slip sleeves 9 fixedly sleeved on both outer ends of the transverse grip 8. The anti-slip sleeves 9 play a role in preventing the staff from slipping and reducing discomfort. Then, push down forcefully so that the transmission vertical shaft 7 fixed to the bottom of the transverse grip 8 pushes the sampling outer tube 1 to move downward. The downward-moving sampling outer tube 1 and the flaring tube 2 are inserted into the soil. When the sampling outer tube 1 moves down to the preset position, a soil column is formed inside the sampling inner tube 3 at the same depth position as the normal soil depth.

[0033] Such as Figure 2 and Figure 6, buttons 10 are fixedly connected to the tops of both anti-slip sleeves 9. One of the buttons 10 is electrically connected to two telescopic air cylinders 20. After pressing the button 10 electrically connected to the telescopic air cylinders 20, the two telescopic air cylinders 20 respectively fixed to one side of the limit sleeve 21 and the limit frame 22 work. At this time, the two telescopic air cylinders 20 fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube 1 work and extend to push the limit sleeve 21 and the limit frame 22, causing the vertical plate 19 supported and limited between the limit sleeve 21 and the limit frame 22 to move. The moving vertical plate 19 pushes multiple sample tubes 23 to move.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, as Figures 5 - 6 , since the multiple sampling holes 4 opened on the outer side of the sampling inner tube 3 correspond one by one to the multiple sample tubes 23, after the multiple sample tubes 23 penetrate through the corresponding sampling holes 4, they are inserted into the soil column inside the sampling inner tube 3 to sample the soil at different height positions of the soil column, thus completing the sampling of the soil at different depth positions, reducing the cost input of forest land soil sampling. And the branches and leaves on the ground surface are all at the top of the soil column, so it will not affect the sampling work, and the problem of the branches and leaves in the forest land affecting the soil sampling can be well avoided.

[0035] A pulling frame 24 is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical plate 19, and the pulling frame 24 is arranged inside the direction groove 18 opened at the top of the sampling outer tube 1. Therefore, after controlling the telescopic air cylinder 20 to drive the vertical plate 19 to reset, the pulling frame 24 can be grasped and pulled upward, so that the pulling frame 24 drives the vertical plate 19 to leave the inside of the sampling outer tube 1. After the sample tube 23 threadedly connected to the vertical plate 19 is rotated and disassembled, the sample tube 23 and the soil sample inside the sample tube 23 can be taken. Subsequently, a new sample tube 23 is rotated and threadedly installed on one side of the vertical plate 19, and the vertical plate 19 is inserted into the limit sleeve 21 and the limit frame 22. The bottom end of the vertical plate 19 penetrates through the limit sleeve 21 and is supported and limited by the limit frame 22, so that the vertical plate 19 moves synchronously with the limit sleeve 21 and the limit frame 22.

[0036] After the sampling outer tube 1 is inserted into the soil for sampling, the T-shaped frame 16 with one end penetrating through the two round holes 17 is pulled. After the T-shaped frame 16 leaves the inside of the round holes 17 opened in the installation tube 6 and the transmission vertical shaft 7, the fixed relationship between the installation tube 6 and the transmission vertical shaft 7 is removed. Since the bottom end of the transmission vertical shaft 7 is fixedly connected to the earth pushing plate 5, and the installation tube 6 is fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube 1, the transmission vertical shaft 7 and the earth pushing plate 5 no longer move synchronously with the sampling outer tube 1.

[0037] When a person holds the two anti-slip sleeves 9, the upward movement of the horizontal grip bar 8 and the transmission vertical shaft 7 is restricted. At this time, the bulldozer blade 5 will not move upward. Then, press the button 10 electrically connected to the drive motor 11, and the drive motor 11 fixedly connected inside the horizontal grip bar 8 operates. At this time, the rotating shaft 12 fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 11 is driven to rotate. The two wire ropes 14 fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft 12 being wound up, and the two wire ropes 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixed frames 15. Therefore, the wire ropes 14 being wound up pull the fixed frames 15 upward, and the fixed frames 15 are fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube 1. So, the fixed frames 15 pull the sampling outer tube 1 upward, pulling the sampling outer tube 1 and the sampling inner tube 3 out of the soil. This can reduce the input of time and physical strength. However, at this time, the position of the bulldozer blade 5 remains unchanged. So, the soil column inside the sampling inner tube 3 is blocked and limited by the bulldozer blade 5 and stays in place. Therefore, after sampling, there is only an annular hole on the ground, which is difficult to affect the movement of workers or animals and reduces the damage to the ground, protecting the forest ecosystem.

[0038] Finally, push the sampling outer tube 1 so that the circular hole 17 opened in the mounting tube 6 is aligned with the circular hole 17 opened in the transmission vertical shaft 7. Pass one end of the T-shaped frame 16 through the two circular holes 17 and the two fixed frames 15, as Figure 3 shown, and limit and install the sampling outer tube 1 together with the horizontal grip bar 8.

[0039] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forestry soil detection sampling method, characterized in that: In the land area to be tested, sampling points are selected in a crisscross pattern, and the horizontal and vertical intervals between the sampling points are greater than 10 times the diameter of the sampling hole and not more than 20 times the diameter of the sampling hole. The sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other in the horizontal direction are different, and the sampling depths of two adjacent sampling points facing each other in the vertical direction are also different; The sampling hole is a cylindrical hole, and when sampling, it is inserted into the soil in a vertical downward manner, and each time the sampling is inserted, soil samples at several depth positions on the insertion depth can be obtained; The sampler used for obtaining soil samples at several depths at one time comprises a sampling outer tube (1), a transmission vertical shaft (7) and a transverse gripping rod (8); the sampling outer tube (1) is fixedly connected to a sampling inner tube (3); a bulldozer (5) is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the sampling inner tube (3); a winding structure is arranged between the top of the bulldozer (5) and the sampling outer tube (1); a mounting tube (6) is detachably sleeved on the bottom of the outer side of the transmission vertical shaft (7); the bottom end of the transmission vertical shaft (7) and the bulldozer (5) are connected to each other. The mounting tube (6) is fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube (1), and circular holes (17) are provided on the outer sides of the mounting tube (6) and the transmission vertical shaft (7). A T-shaped frame (16) is provided on the top of the sampling outer tube (1), and one end of the T-shaped frame (16) passes through two circular holes (17) to achieve a detachable connection between the transmission vertical shaft (7) and the mounting tube (6). Two fixing frames (15) are sleeved on the outer side of the T-shaped frame (16), and the fixing frames (15) are fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube (1); The winding structure is used to drive the vertical shaft (7) and the sampling outer tube (1) to separate from the fixed connection relationship after being disassembled, and to separate the sampling outer tube (1) from the soil by winding up the steel wire rope (14) connected to the sampling outer tube (1). A vertical plate (19) is arranged outside the sampling inner tube (3). A plurality of sample tubes (23) are threadedly connected to one side of the vertical plate (19). A sampling hole (4) is arranged on one side of the sample tube (23). A limit sleeve (21) and a limit frame (22) are respectively sleeved on the top and bottom of the outer side of the vertical plate (19); the limit sleeve (21) and the limit frame (22) are both connected to the telescopic pneumatic cylinder (20). The plurality of sampling holes (4) provided on the outer side of the sampling inner tube (3) correspond to the plurality of sample tubes (23) one by one. After the plurality of sample tubes (23) pass through the corresponding sampling holes (4), they can be inserted into the soil column inside the sampling inner tube (3).

2. A forestry soil detection sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Every five sampling holes form a rectangle, and one of the sampling holes is located at the center of the rectangle, and the other four sampling holes are located at the four corners of the rectangle respectively, and the hole depths of the two sampling holes on the diagonal line are consistent.

3. A forestry soil detection sampling method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The depth of the sampling hole located at the center of the rectangle is twice that of the other four sampling holes. When the sample taken out from the sampling hole at the center shows that the soil in the area where the sample is located is distributed in multiple layers, the depth of the sampling holes at the corresponding four corners is further expanded to be consistent with the depth of the center hole.

4. A forestry soil detection sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the sampling outer tube (1) is fixedly connected to a flaring tube (2), and the flaring tube (2) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the sampling inner tube (3); the sampling small hole (4) is opened on the outside of the sampling inner tube (3), and one side of the limiting sleeve (21) and the limiting frame (22) are fixedly connected to a telescopic pneumatic cylinder (20), and the telescopic pneumatic cylinder (20) is fixedly connected to the sampling outer tube (1).

5. A forestry soil detection sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulling frame (24) is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical plate (19), and a direction groove (18) is provided on the top of the sampling outer tube (1).

6. A forestry soil detection sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse grip bar (8) is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission vertical shaft (7), and both ends of the outer side of the transverse grip bar (8) are fixedly sleeved with anti-slip sleeves (9), and the tops of the two anti-slip sleeves (9) are fixedly connected with buttons (10).

7. A forestry soil detection sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winding structure comprises a driving motor (11), the driving motor (11) being fixedly connected to the inside of a transverse gripping rod (8), the output end of the driving motor (11) being fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (12), a mounting seat (13) being rotatably sleeved outside the rotating shaft (12), the mounting seat (13) being fixedly connected to the inside of the transverse gripping rod (8), and a steel wire rope (14) being fixedly connected between the outside of the rotating shaft (12) and two fixing frames (15).

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