A high-yield and disease-resistant planting method for mango

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-yield disease-resistant planting method for mango, comprising the following steps: S1. selection and pretreatment of planting sites, S2. seedling planting, S3. irrigation management, S4. fertilization management, S5. interplanting management, S6. shaping and pruning, S7. pest control. Wherein in S4 link, a flower-fruiting fertilizer composed of silkworm feces fermented liquid, bee pollen fermented liquid, humic acid, boric acid, and bone meal with a mass volume ratio of g / mL of (10-20): (5-15): (5-10): (1-2): (30-40) is applied, wherein the silkworm feces fermented liquid and the bee pollen fermented liquid promote flower bud differentiation, increase the number of flowers, and improve the quality of flowers by regulating the physiological activities of mango trees, thereby improving the fruit setting rate, so that individual fruit trees can obtain more fruit numbers and yields. The present invention effectively suppresses the resistance and drug properties of pests and diseases by applying biological pesticides, and reduces pesticide residues.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and in particular to a high-yield and disease-resistant planting method for mangoes. Background Art

[0002] Mango, a treasure of tropical fruits, has not only captured the hearts of countless diners with its bright colors and attractive aroma, but also become a star in the fruit market with its rich nutritional value and unique taste. Mango is rich in vitamin C, vitamin A and various minerals, and has significant effects on promoting digestion and enhancing immunity. Whether eaten directly or made into juice or jam, mango can add a touch of color to all kinds of food with its unique flavor. It is worth mentioning that mango has a special symbolic meaning in many cultures and is often regarded as a symbol of happiness and prosperity, which makes it not only a fruit in people's minds, but also carries beautiful meanings and expectations. Therefore, mango has become one of the fruits widely loved by consumers around the world with its excellent taste, rich nutrition and profound cultural connotations. At present, in the process of mango cultivation, chemical pesticides are generally relied on to prevent and control pests and diseases. However, this practice easily leads to resistance of pests and diseases, which in turn has an adverse effect on mango production. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a high-yield disease-resistant mango planting method comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1. Selection and pretreatment of planting sites: Select a slightly acidic soil with sufficient sunlight, sheltered from the wind, flat terrain, and deep soil layer as the planting site. Remove ground plants, weeds, and gravel, dig planting holes, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting holes.

[0006] S2. Planting of seedlings: On cloudy or rainy days from September to November, select healthy, disease- and insect-free grafted mango seedlings for planting. Water the soil thoroughly for the seedlings, remove the outer plastic bag, place the seedlings in the planting hole, backfill the soil, compact it, and water it thoroughly.

[0007] S3. Irrigation management: Water once every 5-7 days in the first 3 months after planting, once every 5-7 days in the dry season of the first year, and 2-3 times a month in the dry season after the second year.

[0008] S4. Fertilization management: In the first year after planting, apply liquid fertilizer once every time the shoots emerge. In the second and third years, apply compound fertilizer from March to May and decomposed organic fertilizer from September to November. For fruit trees in the fruiting period, apply flowering and fruit setting fertilizer during the flowering and fruit setting period, apply fruit-promoting fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and apply post-fruit fertilizer after harvesting the fruits. The application amount of flowering and fruit setting fertilizer per fruit tree is 200-400g, and the flowering and fruit setting fertilizer is composed of silkworm feces fermentation liquid, bee pollen fermentation liquid, humic acid, boric acid, and bone meal with a mass volume ratio of g / mL of (10-20):(5-15):(5-10):(1-2):(30-40).

[0009] S5. Intercropping management: intercrop nectar plants among fruit trees during the fruiting period.

[0010] S6. Shaping and pruning: Shaping and pruning are carried out after fruit harvesting. Diseased and insect-infested branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches are cut off, and fruiting branches are cut short by 1-2 branches. When new branches emerge, each branch retains 2-3 evenly growing and strong branches, and the crown height is controlled to 2.0-2.5m by pruning back.

[0011] S7. Pest and disease control: Spray biological pesticides every 10-15 days during the flowering and fruiting period and the small fruiting period, and spray 2-3 times. The biological pesticides are composed of sulfur powder, matrine, genkwain-5-glucoside, oligosaccharides, and composite biocontrol agents in a mass ratio of (5-10):(10-20):(5-15):(10-25):(20-30). Spray every 200-400m in the orchard area. 2 Set up 1 insect trap light.

[0012] Furthermore, the planting hole has a specification of 80cm×80cm×60cm, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 1500-2500g, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is composed of animal manure, crop straw, oil meal, seaweed, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of (20-30):(15-25):(10-20):(5-10):(1-3), and the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: crushing the crop straw, and then stirring and mixing it with the animal manure, oil meal, and seaweed, adding EM bacteria and stirring and mixing it, and sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days, during which the pile is turned over every 7-10 days.

[0013] Furthermore, the seedlings are 30-50 cm tall and the planting density is 4 m x 4 m.

[0014] Furthermore, the application amount of liquid fertilizer per fruit tree is 800-1000 g, and the liquid fertilizer is composed of potassium nitrate, superphosphate, bone meal, amino acids, trace elements, and water with a mass volume ratio of g / mL of (5-15):(5-15):(3-5):(1-3):(0.5-1.5):(80-100), and the trace elements are composed of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate.

[0015] Furthermore, the compound fertilizer is applied in an amount of 300-400 g per fruit tree, and the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and trace elements in a mass ratio of (15-25):(20-30):(25-35):(1-3). The decomposed organic fertilizer is applied in an amount of 600-800 g per fruit tree.

[0016] Furthermore, the application amount of fruit-promoting fertilizer per fruit tree is 200-300g, and the fruit-promoting fertilizer is composed of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, amino acids, and trace elements in a mass ratio of (20-30):(15-25):(25-35):(5-10):(5-10):(3-5). The application amount of post-fruit fertilizer per fruit tree is 300-400g, and the post-fruit fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of (15-25):(20-30):(25-35):(40-50).

[0017] Furthermore, the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: silkworm excrement and water are mixed evenly at a ratio of 1: (0.4-0.6), EM bacteria are added, mixed evenly and placed in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 25-35°C and sealed for fermentation for 10-15 days, and the lid is opened and stirred for 20-30 minutes every 2-3 days during the fermentation period.

[0018] Furthermore, the bee pollen fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: placing the bee pollen in an ultrasonic device, treating it for 10-20 minutes under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 100-200W and ultrasonic frequency of 20-40kHz, adding water to the treated bee pollen and mixing evenly, then adding a bacterial enzyme complex and mixing evenly and placing it in a fermentation device, setting the temperature of the fermentation device to 25-30°C and sealing and fermenting for 2-4 days, wherein the mass volume ratio of bee pollen, water and bacterial enzyme complex is (5-15):(20-30):(0.5-1.0) g / mL, and the bacterial enzyme complex is composed of protease, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of (1-1.2):(0.8-1.0):(1.0-1.5).

[0019] Furthermore, the nectar source plant is one of Chinese milkvetch, purple clover, clover, sweet thistle, and sweet clover.

[0020] Furthermore, the composite biocontrol agent is composed of Pythium oligandrum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Bacillus cereus in a mass ratio of (1-3):(2-5):(2-4):(4-6).

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention applies a flower-fruit-setting fertilizer during the flowering and fruit-setting period, wherein the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid regulate the physiological activities of the mango tree, promote flower bud differentiation, increase the number of flowers and improve the quality of flowers, thereby improving the fruit setting rate, so that a single fruit tree can obtain a larger number of fruits and yields. Moreover, the cytokinins and auxins in the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid can also promote cell elongation, thereby contributing to the expansion of leaves, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic area. In addition, the cytokinins can also slow down the degradation rate of chlorophyll and protein, thereby maintaining the photosynthetic activity of leaves, thereby facilitating the synthesis of vitamin C and soluble sugars. In addition, the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid are rich in bioactive polypeptides and bioactive polysaccharides, and these bioactive substances can regulate the metabolic pathways in the plant body, affect the synthesis and transportation of sugars, thereby promoting the accumulation of sugars, thereby increasing the soluble sugar content. At the same time, the organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds contained in the fermented silkworm excrement and bee pollen have antibacterial and insecticidal effects, which can destroy the cell walls of pathogens and pests and inhibit their growth and reproduction. After fermentation, antimicrobial peptides are generated in the fermented silkworm excrement and bee pollen, which can inhibit a variety of pathogens and further reduce the occurrence of mango diseases and pests.

[0022] The present invention effectively inhibits the resistance problem of pests and diseases by applying biological pesticides, and reduces pesticide residues. Sulfur powder, matrine, and genkwain-5-glucose-xyloside in the biological pesticides have insecticidal and antibacterial effects, can effectively prevent and treat various pests and diseases in the mango planting process, and have little effect on the growth and development of mangoes. At the same time, the microbial flora in the composite biocontrol agent can compete with pathogens for nutrition and space, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens, thereby reducing the risk of disease occurrence. Oligosaccharides in the biological pesticides can stimulate the growth and development of plant roots, increase the surface area and activity of the roots, help mango trees absorb nutrients in the soil more widely, help to improve yield and quality, and indirectly increase the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in mangoes. In addition, the use of biological pesticides reduces the residues of chemical pesticides, which is conducive to maintaining the natural flavor and nutritional value of mangoes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources. Example 1

[0026] A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. Selection and pretreatment of planting sites: Select weakly acidic soil with sufficient sunlight, leeward, flat terrain and deep soil as the planting site, remove ground plants, weeds and gravel, dig planting holes of 80cm×80cm×60cm and apply decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting holes. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 1500g, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is composed of animal manure, crop straw, oil meal, seaweed and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:15:10:5:1, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: crush the crop straw, then stir and mix it evenly with animal manure, oil meal and seaweed, add EM bacteria and stir and mix evenly, seal and ferment for 20 days, and turn the pile every 7 days.

[0028] S2. Planting of seedlings: On cloudy or rainy days in September, select healthy, disease-free, 30cm tall grafted mango seedlings for planting at a density of 4m×4m. Water the seedling soil thoroughly, remove the outer plastic bag, place the seedlings in the planting hole, backfill the soil, compact and water thoroughly.

[0029] S3. Irrigation management: Water once every 5 days in the first 3 months after planting, once every 5 days in the dry season of the first year, and twice a month in the dry season after the second year.

[0030] S4. Fertilization management: In the first year after planting, apply liquid fertilizer once every time the shoots are pulled out. The application amount of liquid fertilizer per fruit tree is 800g, and the liquid fertilizer is composed of potassium nitrate, superphosphate, bone meal, amino acids, trace elements, and water with a mass volume ratio of 5:5:3:1:0.5:80 g / mL. The trace elements are composed of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate. From the second to the third year, apply compound fertilizer in March each year. The application amount of compound fertilizer per fruit tree is 300g, and the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and trace elements with a mass ratio of 15:20:25:1. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer in September, and the application amount of decomposed organic fertilizer per fruit tree is 600g. For fruit trees in the fruiting period, apply flowering and fruit setting fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting period, apply fruit-promoting fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and apply post-fruit fertilizer after the fruit is harvested. The application amount of the flower and fruit setting fertilizer for each fruit tree is 200g, and the flower and fruit setting fertilizer is composed of silkworm excrement fermentation liquid, bee pollen fermentation liquid, humic acid, boric acid, and bone meal in a mass volume ratio of 10:5:5:1:30 g / mL. The silkworm excrement fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: silkworm excrement and water are mixed evenly in a ratio of 1:0.4, EM bacteria are added and mixed evenly, and the mixture is placed in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 25°C, and the fermentation is sealed for 10 days. During the fermentation period, the lid is opened and stirred for 20 minutes every 2 days. The bee pollen fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: placing bee pollen in an ultrasonic device, treating it for 20 minutes under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 100W and ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz, adding water to the treated bee pollen and mixing it evenly, then adding a bacterial enzyme compound and mixing it evenly and placing it in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 25℃ and sealed for fermentation for 2 days, wherein the mass volume ratio of bee pollen, water and bacterial enzyme compound is 5:20:0.5 g / mL, and the bacterial enzyme compound is composed of protease, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:1.0. The application amount of fruit-promoting fertilizer per fruit tree is 200g, and the fruit-promoting fertilizer is composed of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, amino acids and trace elements in a mass ratio of 20:15:25:5:5:3. The application amount of post-fruit fertilizer for each fruit tree is 300g, and the post-fruit fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:20:25:40.

[0031] S5. Intercropping management: During the fruiting period, fruit trees are intercropped with nectar plants, and the nectar plants are astragalus.

[0032] S6. Shaping and pruning: Shaping and pruning are carried out after fruit harvesting. Diseased and insect-infested branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches are cut off and fruiting branches are cut short to one tip. After new shoots emerge, each branch retains two evenly growing and strong branches, and the crown height is controlled to 2.0m by pruning back.

[0033] S7. Disease and pest control: Spray biological pesticides once every 10 days during the flowering and fruiting period and the small fruiting period of fruit trees, and spray twice. The biological pesticides are composed of sulfur powder, matrine, genkwain-5-glucoside, oligosaccharides, and composite biocontrol agents in a mass ratio of 5:10:5:10:20. The composite biocontrol agent is composed of Pythium oligandrum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Bacillus cereus in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:4. And in the orchard area, spray every 200m 2 Set up 1 insect trap light. Example 2

[0034] A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Selection and pretreatment of planting sites: Select weakly acidic soil with sufficient sunlight, leeward, flat terrain and deep soil as the planting site, remove ground plants, weeds and gravel, dig planting holes of 80cm×80cm×60cm and apply decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting holes. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 2000g, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is composed of animal manure, crop straw, oil meal, seaweed and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 25:20:15:7.5:2, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: crush the crop straw, then stir and mix it evenly with animal manure, oil meal and seaweed, add EM bacteria and stir and mix evenly, seal and ferment for 25 days, and turn the pile every 8 days.

[0036] S2. Planting of seedlings: On cloudy or rainy days in October, select healthy, disease-free, and 40cm tall grafted mango seedlings for planting at a density of 4m×4m. Water the seedling soil thoroughly, remove the outer plastic bag, place the seedlings in the planting hole, backfill the soil, compact it, and water it thoroughly.

[0037] S3. Irrigation management: Water once every 6 days in the first 3 months after planting, once every 6 days in the dry season of the first year, and 3 times a month in the dry season after the second year.

[0038] S4. Fertilization management: In the first year after planting, apply liquid fertilizer once every time the shoots are pulled out. The application amount of liquid fertilizer per fruit tree is 900g, and the liquid fertilizer is composed of potassium nitrate, superphosphate, bone meal, amino acids, trace elements, and water with a mass volume ratio of 10:10:4:2:1:90 g / mL. The trace elements are composed of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate. From the second to the third year, apply compound fertilizer in April each year. The application amount of compound fertilizer per fruit tree is 350g, and the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and trace elements with a mass ratio of 20:25:30:2. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer in October, and the application amount of decomposed organic fertilizer per fruit tree is 700g. For fruit trees in the fruiting period, apply flowering and fruit setting fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting period, apply fruit-promoting fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and apply post-fruit fertilizer after the fruit is harvested. The application amount of the flower and fruit setting fertilizer per fruit tree is 300g, and the flower and fruit setting fertilizer is composed of silkworm excrement fermentation liquid, bee pollen fermentation liquid, humic acid, boric acid, and bone meal in a mass volume ratio of 15:10:7.5:1.5:35 g / mL. The silkworm excrement fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: silkworm excrement and water are mixed evenly in a ratio of 1:0.5, EM bacteria are added and mixed evenly, and the mixture is placed in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 30°C, and the fermentation is sealed for 13 days. During the fermentation period, the lid is opened and stirred for 25 minutes every 3 days. The bee pollen fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: placing bee pollen in an ultrasonic device, treating it for 15 minutes under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150W and ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz, adding water to the treated bee pollen and mixing it evenly, then adding a bacterial enzyme compound and mixing it evenly and placing it in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 27℃ and sealed for fermentation for 3 days, wherein the mass volume ratio of bee pollen, water and bacterial enzyme compound is 10:25:0.8 g / mL, and the bacterial enzyme compound is composed of protease, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 1.0:0.9:1.2. The application amount of fruit-promoting fertilizer per fruit tree is 250g, and the fruit-promoting fertilizer is composed of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, amino acids and trace elements in a mass ratio of 25:20:30:7.5:7.5:4. The application amount of post-fruit fertilizer for each fruit tree is 350g, and the post-fruit fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 20:25:30:45.

[0039] S5. Intercropping management: During the fruiting period, fruit trees are intercropped with nectar plants, and the nectar plants are thistles.

[0040] S6. Shaping and pruning: Shaping and pruning are carried out after fruit harvesting. Diseased and insect-infested branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches are cut off and fruiting branches are cut short to 2 branches. When new branches emerge, each branch retains 3 evenly growing and strong branches, and the crown height is controlled to 2.2m by pruning back.

[0041] S7. Disease and pest control: Spray biological pesticides once every 12 days during the flowering and fruiting period and the small fruiting period of fruit trees, and spray 3 times. The biological pesticides are composed of sulfur powder, matrine, genkwain-5-glucoside, oligosaccharides, and composite biocontrol agents in a mass ratio of 7.5:15:10:17.5:25. The composite biocontrol agent is composed of Pythium oligandrum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Bacillus cereus in a mass ratio of 2:3.5:3:5. And in the orchard area, spray every 300m 2 Set up 1 insect trap light. Example 3

[0042] A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Selection and pretreatment of planting sites: Select a weakly acidic soil with sufficient sunlight, leeward, flat terrain, and deep soil layer as the planting site, remove ground plants, weeds, and gravel, dig a planting hole of 80cm×80cm×60cm, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting hole. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 2500g, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is composed of animal manure, crop straw, oil meal, seaweed, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 30:25:20:10:3, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: crush the crop straw, then stir and mix it evenly with animal manure, oil meal, and seaweed, add EM bacteria and stir and mix evenly, seal and ferment for 30 days, and turn the pile every 10 days during this period.

[0044] S2. Planting of seedlings: On cloudy or rainy days in November, select healthy, disease-free, 50cm tall grafted mango seedlings for planting at a density of 4m×4m. Water the seedling soil thoroughly, remove the outer plastic bag, place the seedlings in the planting hole, backfill the soil, compact it and water it thoroughly.

[0045] S3. Irrigation management: Water once every 7 days in the first 3 months after planting, once every 7 days in the dry season of the first year, and 3 times a month in the dry season after the second year.

[0046] S4. Fertilization management: In the first year after planting, apply liquid fertilizer once every time the shoots are pulled out. The amount of liquid fertilizer applied to each fruit tree is 1000g, and the liquid fertilizer is composed of potassium nitrate, superphosphate, bone meal, amino acids, trace elements, and water with a mass volume ratio of 15:15:5:3:1.5:100 g / mL. The trace elements are composed of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate. In the second and third years, apply compound fertilizer from March to May each year. The amount of compound fertilizer applied to each fruit tree is 300-400g, and the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and trace elements with a mass ratio of 25:30:35:3. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer in November, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied to each fruit tree is 800g. For fruit trees in the fruiting period, apply flowering and fruiting fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting period, apply fruiting fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and apply post-fruit fertilizer after the fruit is harvested. The application amount of the flower and fruit setting fertilizer for each fruit tree is 400g, and the flower and fruit setting fertilizer is composed of silkworm excrement fermentation liquid, bee pollen fermentation liquid, humic acid, boric acid, and bone meal in a mass volume ratio of 20:15:10:2:40 g / mL. The silkworm excrement fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: silkworm excrement and water are mixed evenly in a ratio of 1:0.6, EM bacteria are added and mixed evenly, and the mixture is placed in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 35°C, and the fermentation is sealed for 15 days. During the fermentation period, the lid is opened and stirred for 30 minutes every 3 days. The bee pollen fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: placing bee pollen in an ultrasonic device, treating it for 10 minutes under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 200W and ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz, adding water to the treated bee pollen and mixing it evenly, then adding a bacterial enzyme compound and mixing it evenly and placing it in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 30℃ and sealed for fermentation for 4 days, wherein the mass volume ratio of bee pollen, water and bacterial enzyme compound is 15:30:1.0, and the bacterial enzyme compound is composed of protease, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 1.2:1.0:1.5. The application amount of fruit-promoting fertilizer per fruit tree is 300g, and the fruit-promoting fertilizer is composed of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, amino acids and trace elements in a mass ratio of 20:15:25:5:5:3. The application amount of post-fruit fertilizer for each fruit tree is 300-400g, and the post-fruit fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 25:30:35:50.

[0047] S5. Intercropping management: During the fruiting period, fruit trees are intercropped with nectar plants, and the nectar plants are sweet clover.

[0048] S6. Shaping and pruning: Shaping and pruning are carried out after fruit harvesting. Diseased and insect-infested branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches are cut off and fruiting branches are cut short to 2 branches. When new branches emerge, each branch retains 3 evenly growing and strong branches, and the crown height is controlled to 2.5m by pruning back.

[0049] S7. Disease and pest control: Spray biological pesticides once every 15 days during the flowering and fruiting period and the small fruiting period of fruit trees, and spray 3 times. The biological pesticides are composed of sulfur powder, matrine, genkwain-5-glucoside, oligosaccharides, and composite biocontrol agents in a mass ratio of 10:20:15:25:30. The composite biocontrol agent is composed of Pythium oligandrum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Bacillus cereus in a mass ratio of 3:5:4:6. And in the orchard area, spray every 400m 2 Set up 1 insect trap light. Comparative Example 1

[0050] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the flower and fruit setting promoting fertilizer consists of humic acid, boric acid and bone meal in a mass volume ratio of 7.5:1.5:35 g / mL. Comparative Example 2

[0051] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that no nectar source plants are interplanted in the fruit trees during the fruiting period. Comparative Example 3

[0052] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that 50% carbendazim+29% copper oxychloride+21% acetamiprid is used instead of biological pesticides for pest control. Comparative Example 4

[0053] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the biological pesticide consists of sulfur powder, matrine and oligosaccharides in a mass ratio of 7.5:15:17.5.

[0054] A field test was conducted in Sanya, Hainan Province, and Guifei mango was planted according to the planting methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4. One plot was set up for each group, each plot was 1 mu, and an equal number of Guifei mango seedlings were planted in each plot. The test was carried out until the mango trees were harvested and fruited. After the mango trees began to bear fruit in the second year, the number of fruits per plant, the yield per plant, and the pest and disease rate were counted, and the vitamin C content was determined by 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration method, and the soluble sugar content was determined by anthrone colorimetry, and the average value was calculated and recorded in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057] As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1-3 using the planting method of the present invention have low rates of pests and diseases, can harvest more fruits and yields, and the harvested fruits have high vitamin C content and soluble sugar content, ensuring both quantity and quality, among which the method of Example 2 is the best.

[0058] Compared with Comparative Example 1 by Example 2, in Example 3, silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and bee pollen fermentation liquid contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, amino acids, cytokinin and auxin. Cytokinin and auxin can regulate the physiological activities of mango trees, promote flower bud differentiation, increase the number of flowers and improve the quality of flowers, thereby improving the fruit setting rate, so that individual fruit trees can obtain more fruit numbers, and then the yield of individual plants is also improved. At the same time, silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and bee pollen fermentation liquid contain a large number of beneficial microorganisms, which are active in the soil, can improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, and secrete some secondary metabolites that promote plant growth, further promoting the growth and development of fruits. In addition, the flower fragrance substances contained in the bee flower extract can attract more pollinating insects, thereby increasing pollination opportunities, improving pollination quality, and then promoting individual fruit trees to obtain more fruit numbers, and then the yield of individual plants is also improved. The cytokinins and auxins in the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid can also promote cell elongation, thereby contributing to the expansion of the leaves, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic area. In addition, the cytokinins can also slow down the degradation rate of chlorophyll and protein, thereby maintaining the photosynthetic activity of the leaves, thereby facilitating the synthesis of vitamin C and soluble sugars. In addition, the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid are rich in bioactive polypeptides and bioactive polysaccharides, which can regulate the metabolic pathways in the plant body, affect the synthesis and transportation of sugars, thereby promoting the accumulation of sugars, thereby increasing the soluble sugar content. At the same time, the organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoid compounds, and phenolic compounds contained in the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid have antibacterial and insecticidal effects, can destroy the cell walls of pathogens and pests, and inhibit their growth and reproduction. After fermentation, antimicrobial peptides are generated in the silkworm excrement fermentation liquid and the bee pollen fermentation liquid, which can exert an inhibitory effect on a variety of pathogens, further reducing the occurrence of mango diseases and insect pests.

[0059] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 2, the interplanting of nectar plants in Example 2 can attract pollinating insects, which help pollinate mango flowers in the process of collecting nectar and pollen, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate, thereby increasing the number of fruits per plant and the yield. Interplanting nectar plants can also attract ladybugs and parasitic wasps, thereby significantly controlling pests such as aphids, thereby reducing diseases and insect pests.

[0060] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 3, long-term use of chemical pesticides can easily lead to resistance of pests and diseases, thereby reducing the control effect and causing an increase in the pest and disease rate. In addition, chemical pesticides may also damage the ecological environment and increase the risk of pests and diseases. And chemical pesticides have large side effects, which have a certain negative impact on the growth and development of mangoes, may inhibit the growth of mangoes, and cause damage to mangoes, thereby leading to a decrease in the number of fruits and a decrease in yield. Long-term use of chemical pesticides may also lead to soil pollution, further affecting the yield and quality of mangoes. However, sulfur powder, matrine, and genkwain-5-glucose-xyloside in biological pesticides have insecticidal and antibacterial effects, can effectively prevent and control a variety of pests and diseases in the mango planting process, and have little effect on the growth and development of mangoes. At the same time, the microbial flora in the composite biocontrol agent can compete with pathogens for nutrition and space, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens, thereby reducing the risk of disease. Oligosaccharides in biopesticides can stimulate the growth and development of plant roots, increase the surface area and activity of the roots, help mango trees absorb nutrients from the soil more widely, help increase yield and quality, and indirectly increase the content of vitamin C and soluble sugars in mangoes. In addition, the use of biopesticides reduces the residue of chemical pesticides, which is conducive to maintaining the natural flavor and nutritional value of mangoes.

[0061] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 4, Genkwain-5-glucoside has a control effect on pests such as thrips, mango short-headed leafhoppers, black-striped tail moths, and fruit flies on mango trees, and can reduce the population of pests, thereby reducing the harm of pests to mango trees, helping to reduce the rate of pests and diseases, and ensuring the yield and quality of mangoes. The oligoandrogenic fungus in the composite biocontrol agent effectively kills pathogenic fungi through parasitism, and inhibits its spore germination and hyphae growth, thereby preventing and controlling anthrax and powdery mildew of mango trees. Metarhizium infects a variety of pests and causes their death, and can prevent and control pests such as thrips, mango short-headed leafhoppers, and black-striped tail moths that harm mangoes. Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Bacillus cereus can secrete a variety of antibacterial substances, thereby preventing and controlling bacterial black spot disease, etc. Oligandrum and Bacillus cereus can also secrete a variety of plant growth regulators such as gibberellins and cytokinins, which promote the development of plant roots, dark green leaves, and strong plants, thereby improving the resistance of plants to pathogens. Bacillus cereus can also prevent and control mango bacterial diseases by inducing plant systemic resistance. When Bacillus cereus comes into contact with the mango root system, it will stimulate the defense mechanism in the plant and improve the plant's resistance to pathogens. Oligandrum, Metarhizium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Bacillus cereus can effectively prevent and control a variety of diseases and pests through synergistic effects, and effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. Oligandrum, Metarhizium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Bacillus cereus in the composite biocontrol agent also help the healthy growth and development of mango trees by regulating the balance of soil microecology, improving the disease resistance of mango trees, and promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants, thereby promoting the increase of the number of fruits per mango plant and the yield per plant.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Selection and pretreatment of planting sites: Select a slightly acidic soil with sufficient sunlight, leeward, flat terrain, and deep soil layer as the planting site, remove ground plants, weeds, and gravel, dig planting holes, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting holes; S2. Planting of seedlings: On cloudy or rainy days from September to November, select healthy, disease-free and insect-free grafted mango seedlings for planting, water the seedling soil thoroughly, remove the outer plastic bag, place the seedlings in the planting hole, backfill the soil and compact and water thoroughly; S3. Irrigation management: Water once every 5-7 days in the first 3 months after planting, once every 5-7 days in the dry season of the first year, and 2-3 times a month in the dry season after the second year; S4. Fertilization management: In the first year after planting, apply liquid fertilizer once every time the shoots emerge. In the second and third years, apply compound fertilizer from March to May and decomposed organic fertilizer from September to November each year. For fruit trees in the fruiting period, apply flowering and fruiting fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting period, apply fruiting fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and apply post-fruiting fertilizer after harvesting the fruits. The application amount of the flowering and fruiting fertilizer per fruit tree is 200-400g, and the flowering and fruiting fertilizer is composed of silkworm feces fermentation liquid, bee pollen fermentation liquid, humic acid, boric acid, and bone meal with a mass volume ratio of g / mL of (10-20):(5-15):(5-10):(1-2):(30-40); the silkworm feces fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: silkworm feces and water are mixed evenly at a ratio of 1:(0.4-0.6), EM bacteria are added, the mixture is mixed evenly, and the mixture is placed in a fermentation device, and the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 25 -35℃ sealed and fermented for 10-15d, and during the fermentation period, the lid was opened and stirred for 20-30min every 2-3 days; the bee pollen fermentation liquid is prepared by the following method: placing bee pollen in an ultrasonic device, treating it for 10-20min under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 100-200W and ultrasonic frequency of 20-40kHz, adding water to the treated bee pollen and mixing it evenly, then adding a bacterial enzyme complex and mixing it evenly, and placing it in a fermentation device, the temperature of the fermentation device is set to 25-30℃ and sealed and fermented for 2-4d, the mass volume ratio of the bee pollen, water and bacterial enzyme complex is (5-15): (20-30): (0.5-1.0) g / mL, and the bacterial enzyme complex is composed of protease, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of (1-1.2): (0.8-1.0): (1.0-1.5); S5. Interplanting management: interplant nectar plants with fruit trees during the fruiting period; S6. Shaping and pruning: After harvesting, prune the branches to remove diseases and insects, crossing branches, overlapping branches, and cut the fruiting branches short by 1-2 branches. When new branches emerge, keep 2-3 branches with uniform growth and strong growth on each branch, and prune back to control the crown height to 2.0-2.5m. S7. Pest and disease control: Spray biological pesticides every 10-15 days during the flowering and fruiting period and the small fruiting period of fruit trees, and spray 2-3 times; the biological pesticides are composed of sulfur powder, matrine, genkwain-5-glucoside, oligosaccharides, and composite biocontrol agents in a mass ratio of (5-10):(10-20):(5-15):(10-25):(20-30); and spray every 200-400m in the orchard area. 2 An insect trap lamp is provided; the composite biocontrol agent is composed of Pythium oligandrum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Bacillus cereus in a mass ratio of (1-3):(2-5):(2-4):(4-6).

2. A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The planting hole in S1 has a specification of 80cm×80cm×60cm, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 1500-2500g. The decomposed organic fertilizer is composed of animal manure, crop straw, oil meal, seaweed, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of (20-30):(15-25):(10-20):(5-10):(1-3). The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: crushing the crop straw, then stirring and mixing it with the animal manure, oil meal, and seaweed, adding EM bacteria and stirring and mixing it, sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days, and turning the pile every 7-10 days.

3. The high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedlings in S2 are 30-50 cm tall and have a planting density of 4 m×4 m.

4. A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid fertilizer in S4 is applied in an amount of 800-1000 g per fruit tree. The liquid fertilizer is composed of potassium nitrate, superphosphate, bone meal, amino acids, trace elements, and water with a mass-to-volume ratio of g / mL of (5-15):(5-15):(3-5):(1-3):(0.5-1.5):(80-100), and the trace elements are composed of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate.

5. The high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the compound fertilizer in S4 per fruit tree is 300-400g, and the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and trace elements in a mass ratio of (15-25):(20-30):(25-35):(1-3). The application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer per fruit tree is 600-800g.

6. The high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the fruit-promoting fertilizer in S4 to each fruit tree is 200-300g, and the fruit-promoting fertilizer consists of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, amino acids, and trace elements in a mass ratio of (20-30):(15-25):(25-35):(5-10):(5-10):(3-5). The application amount of the post-fruit fertilizer in S4 to each fruit tree is 300-400g, and the post-fruit fertilizer consists of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of (15-25):(20-30):(25-35):(40-50).

7. A high-yield and disease-resistant mango planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The nectar source plant in S5 is one of Chinese milk vetch, purple clover, clover, sweet thistle, and sweet clover.

Images