Application of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in improving tea quality

Abstract

The present invention discloses the use of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid for improving tea quality. Treatment with a 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid solution effectively improves tea quality, with the best effect achieved on the fifth day after spraying at a 10 nM concentration. Treatment at this concentration significantly increases tea leaves' photosynthetic efficiency, soluble sugars, and amino acids, while significantly reducing catechin content and bitterness index, contributing to the development of tea aroma, tea color, and flavor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biological pesticides and relates to the application of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in improving the quality of tea. Background Art

[0002] Improving crop quality is currently one of the key goals of modern agricultural development. Crop quality is directly related to product competitiveness and market economic benefits. Plant growth and development depend not only on the environment and nutrient supply, but also on the regulation of growth factors.

[0003] Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is an important leaf-producing cash crop in my country. Improving tea quality and yield, and increasing tea's economic benefits, has long been a research priority. To achieve sustained high-yield, high-quality, and low-cost tea production and maximize tea's potential, improving photosynthetic efficiency, soluble sugars, and amino acids, among other key tea quality components, is crucial for increasing tea production and quality. Improving tea yield and quality through the application of exogenous regulatory substances is one measure to enhance the economic benefits of tea production. For example, spraying 5% amino oligosaccharides significantly promotes tea bud germination and increases tea yield. It also effectively controls diseases such as tea leaf spot, a major spring disease in high-altitude tea regions. Application in combination with fungicides such as difenoconazole and mancozeb has demonstrated excellent disease control effectiveness in production (Wu Quancong et al., 2016; Chen Yisheng et al., 2019). Field spraying experiments have shown that propionylbrassinolide, brassinolide, and gibberellins can significantly increase the content of key quality components in tea shoot water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, and caffeine, while significantly reducing the phenol-to-ammonia ratio, thereby improving tea quality (Lu Jianfei, 2006; Hu Liujie et al., 2016). Although existing exogenous regulatory substances have demonstrated significant effects in tea production, they still cannot fully meet the needs of tea cultivation and production. Therefore, the continued development and exploration of more effective substances to enhance tea quality is an important direction for future research.

[0004] 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH), molecular formula C 10 H 13NO2, with a molecular weight of 179 g / mol, is a new type of amino acid compound and is a colorless, transparent crystal. The earliest report on 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid was in 1963, when it was obtained by chemical synthesis. Activity studies have shown that it can inhibit the growth of Leuconostoc dextranicum (Edelson & Keeley, 1963). The inventors previously isolated and purified 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid from fungal secondary metabolites, proving that it is a new natural amino acid. We studied its plant immune-inducing and growth-promoting activities and found that it can induce plant immune responses, thereby resisting fungal, bacterial and viral diseases; at the same time, it can induce plants to resist high and low temperatures and drought stress (Chinese patent 202111479142.7). In terms of growth regulation, 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can significantly promote the growth and development of roots, stems, and leaves of rice, cucumbers, and strawberries, increasing chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, thereby improving yield (Chinese Patent 202210150956.4). However, there are no related research, reports, or patents on the use of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid to improve crop quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide an application of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid for improving crop quality.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] Application of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in improving tea quality.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the improving tea quality includes improving the photosynthetic efficiency, amino acid composition, total amino acid content and soluble sugar content of greenhouse tea fresh leaves, and reducing the total catechin content, ester-type catechin EGCG content and bitterness index.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spraying concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is 8 to 120 nM, more preferably 8 to 100 nM, and even more preferably 8 to 12 nM.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is used to improve the quality of fresh greenhouse tea leaves through stem and leaf treatment.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is used to improve the quality of fresh tea leaves grown in the field through stem and leaf treatment.

[0012] Application of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in preparing products for improving tea quality.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in the product is 8 to 120 nM, more preferably 8 to 100 nM, and even more preferably 8 to 12 nM.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is used in the preparation of a product for improving the quality of fresh greenhouse tea leaves.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is used in the preparation of a product for improving the quality of fresh tea leaves.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the product further contains 0.01% (v / v) Tween 20.

[0017] 2-Amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is a natural product isolated from fungi, and its structural formula is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Previous research on 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid has not yet reported on its application in the field of crop quality. Improving crop quality is a key goal in modern agriculture. As one of China's major cash crops, tea yield and quality are key production priorities. This study, for the first time, discovered that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid performs well in experiments to improve tea quality components, demonstrating its ability to effectively enhance tea quality.

[0020] The method for improving tea quality using 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, a natural product isolated from fungal secondary metabolites, is described in detail and with the following implementation plan: spraying tea seedlings with 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid at a concentration range of 1 to 100 nM (with 0.01% by volume of the surfactant Tween 20) can significantly improve the photosynthetic efficiency and quality component content of fresh tea leaves; in particular, at a concentration of 10 nM, the fluorescence parameter PI of the tea leaves is significantly improved. ABS The contents of quality components such as soluble sugar and amino acids are significantly increased, and the catechin content and bitterness index are significantly reduced, which is beneficial to the formation of tea aroma, soup color and taste, which shows that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid has the effect of improving the quality of tea.

[0021] The main advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 2-Amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is a natural product with a simple structure and is easy to produce industrially. Researchers have found that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can increase the photosynthetic efficiency and content of quality components such as amino acids in tea leaves, while reducing the content of ester-type catechins and the bitterness index, demonstrating its potential to improve tea quality.

[0023] The present invention discovered that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can improve the quality of greenhouse tea. By spraying the stems and leaves at a low concentration of 10 nM, the photosynthetic efficiency, amino acid composition, total amino acid content and soluble sugar content of fresh greenhouse tea leaves can be increased, and the total catechin content, ester-type catechin EGCG content and bitterness index can be effectively reduced.

[0024] The present invention discovered that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can improve the quality of field tea leaves. By spraying the stems and leaves at a low concentration of 10 nM, it can increase the total amino acid content and soluble sugar content, and effectively reduce the total catechin content, the ester-type catechin EGCG content and the bitterness index.

[0025] The present invention discovered that spraying 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid on tea leaves and stems can effectively improve tea quality. 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is a natural product, requires low dosage, is easy to use, and is environmentally friendly. It solves production problems unresolved by traditional agronomy and reduces production costs. Furthermore, since 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is a naturally occurring, structurally simple metabolite and an α-amino acid, it possesses high environmental and biological safety, making it a green, highly effective biochemical pesticide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The inventors have studied the biological activity, scope of application, and crop safety of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid and found that it has a unique effect in improving crop quality. Furthermore, it possesses advantages such as environmental friendliness, wide applicability, and safety. As a natural plant growth regulator, it has the potential to be developed into a biopesticide. The essential features of the present invention are illustrated in the following embodiments and examples, which should not be construed as limitations of the invention.

[0027] Example 1: 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid improves the quality of greenhouse tea

[0028] The tea trees used for the test were the cutting seedlings of "White Leaf No. 1". Tea seedlings with relatively consistent growth were selected and transplanted into plastic pots with a diameter of 18 cm. They were placed in a light culture box with a 16-hour daytime (25°C), 8-hour nighttime (20°C), a light intensity of 3600Lx, and an air humidity of 75% to allow the seedlings to grow slowly. One week later, they were sprayed with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid. The concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid were 0 (Mock), 1nM, 10nM, and 100nM, and 0.01% Tween 20 was added as a surfactant. After the seedlings were grown slowly, the treatment group sprayed the leaves of the tea seedlings with a standard dosage of 45 ml per square meter of the test plot, and sprayed once every 5 days. On the morning of the 5th day after the second spraying of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the one or two leaves below the terminal bud of the tea tree (avoiding the main leaf veins) were selected, and the photosynthetic parameters of the tea tree were measured using a portable photosynthetic meter. In addition, after the tea seedlings were placed in a dark environment for 30 minutes, the chlorophyll fluorescence of the tea leaves was measured using a plant efficiency analyzer Handy-PEA.

[0029] After transplanting, the tea seedlings were placed in a greenhouse at 25°C and 60%-70% humidity to acclimate for about a week. The amino acid content, soluble sugar content, and catechin content were then determined, and their percentages were calculated. The concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid were 0 (Mock), 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM, with 0.01% Tween 20 added as a surfactant. One week after transplanting, the tea seedlings were sprayed with stems and leaves twice every 24 hours. After spraying, the seedlings were placed in a greenhouse at 25°C and sampled on the fifth day. One leaf and one heart from the top of the seedling were sampled, cleaned, and the total free amino acid content and soluble sugar content of the samples were determined. The concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid were 0 (Mock) and 10 nM, with 0.01% Tween 20 added as a surfactant. Five days after spraying, one leaf and one heart from the top of the seedling were sampled, cleaned, and the contents of different amino acid components in the samples were determined. At the same time, the content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCC) and the total amount and percentage of catechins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The catechin bitterness index (CAI) was used as an evaluation index of the bitterness of fresh tea leaves, and the calculation formula was as follows:

[0030] Catechin bitterness index (CAI) = (EGCG + ECG + EGC + GC) / (EC + C)

[0031] Here, ECG refers to epicatechin gallate, EGC refers to epigallocatechin, GC refers to gallocatechin, EC refers to epicatechin, and C refers to catechin.

[0032] The percentage increase or decrease is used to measure the change in the content of various substances in tea leaves after treatment with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Table 1. Effects of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) treatment on photosynthetic parameters of tea leaves

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] Photosynthesis is an important basis for the accumulation of dry matter and the formation of tea quality. Increasing the photosynthetic rate of tea leaves can promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products and improve tea yield and quality. The changes in photosynthetic parameters of tea plants 5 days after the second spraying of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid are shown in Table 1. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of tea plants treated with 1nM, 10nM, and 100nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid significantly increased by 72.1%, 96.3%, and 45.7% compared with the control, respectively, with the 10nM concentration treatment having the most significant effect. In addition, the transpiration rate of leaves increased significantly after spraying with 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, with 1nM, 10nM, and 100nM concentrations significantly increasing by 57.0%, 129.0%, and 58.0%, respectively, compared with the control, with the 10nM concentration treatment having the most significant effect. In addition, after spraying different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the stomatal conductance of the leaves increased to varying degrees. The 10nM concentration treatment had the best effect, significantly increasing the stomatal conductance by 128.6%. At the same time, after spraying different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the intercellular CO2 concentration of the leaves decreased to varying degrees, with the 10nM concentration treatment significantly reducing it by 23.4%. This shows that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can significantly increase the photosynthetic rate of tea leaves, which is beneficial for photosynthesis and the accumulation of photosynthetic products in tea plants, thereby improving tea yield and quality.

[0038] Table 2. Effects of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) treatment on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of tea leaves

[0039]

[0040] The photosynthesis of tea plants is closely related to the formation of tea quality components. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are important indicators of photosynthesis efficiency. The results in Table 2 show that on the 5th day after the second spraying of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the minimum fluorescence intensity F O , maximum fluorescence intensity F M and Photosystem II comprehensive performance index PI ABS Among them, the effect after treatment with 10nM concentration was the best. O 、F M and PIABS Compared with the control, the increases were 8.4%, 7.0%, and 12.6%, respectively. This indicates that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can enhance the photochemical activity of tea leaves, improve photosynthesis performance, and facilitate the synthesis of organic matter and the conversion of secondary metabolites in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tea plants, thereby contributing to the formation of high-quality and high-yield tea leaves.

[0041] Table 3. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on the total amino acid content of tea

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] The results in Table 3 show that after spraying tea plants with 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the 10 nM concentration was most effective in increasing total amino acid content in leaves. On the fifth day after spraying, the total amino acid content of tea plants treated with 10 nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid significantly increased by 7.6% compared to the control. The 100 nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid treatment increased the total amino acid content by 4.2%, but this did not differ significantly from the control. These results demonstrate that the optimal concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is 10 nM, which significantly promotes the accumulation of amino acids in fresh tea leaves and effectively improves tea quality.

[0045] Table 4. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on the amino acid composition of tea leaves

[0046]

[0047] Amino acids, derived from protein hydrolysis, a metabolite of photosynthesis in tea plants, are key to tea quality. The results in Table 4 show that treatment with 10 nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid significantly increased the contents of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, lysine, glutamic acid, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and histidine in tea leaves on day 5, increasing by 18.7%, 68.8%, 44.2%, 79.3%, 20.7%, 15.4%, 119.5%, 93.3%, 100.0%, 162.5%, and 125.0%, respectively, compared to the control. Leucine and valine contribute to the formation of tea's distinctive aroma, while the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine further synthesize aromatic secondary metabolites, which are closely related to the transformation and synthesis of tea aroma. The above results show that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can significantly promote the synthesis and accumulation of important protein amino acids in tea leaves, thereby effectively improving the sensory qualities of tea such as aroma, soup color and taste.

[0048] Table 5. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on the soluble sugar content of tea leaves

[0049]

[0050] Soluble sugar is a key indicator of tea quality. The results in Table 5 show that on the 5th day after spraying, the soluble sugar content in tea leaves treated with 10nM and 100nM concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid was significantly increased compared with the control. Among them, the soluble sugar content in fresh tea leaves treated with 10nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid increased significantly by 15.4% compared with the control, and the soluble sugar content in fresh tea leaves treated with 100nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid increased by 10.1% compared with the control. It can be seen that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can significantly increase the soluble sugar content in fresh tea leaves, and the effect is best at a concentration of 10nM, which is conducive to the formation of a high-fragrance and fresh taste of tea soup.

[0051] Table 6. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on tea catechin components

[0052]

[0053] The substances that contribute to tea's bitterness and astringency are tea polyphenols and alkaloids, with catechins being the primary component of polyphenols. Ester-type catechins (EGCG, ECG, GCG, etc.), which contribute to tea's bitterness and astringency, account for approximately 70% of the catechins. EGCG, a representative of ester-type catechins, is the most potent active ingredient in tea polyphenols. The results in Table 6 show that five days after spraying with 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the EGCG content in fresh tea leaves treated with 1nM, 10nM, and 100nM concentrations decreased by 5.7%, 16.0%, and 12.3%, respectively, compared to the control. The total amount of catechins decreased by 0.8%, 10.8%, and 6.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the bitterness index of fresh tea leaves treated with 10nM and 100nM concentrations significantly decreased by 15.3% and 8.5%, respectively. The above results show that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can reduce the content of ester-type catechin EGCG, the total content of catechins and the bitterness index of catechins, thereby effectively improving the quality of tea and the taste of tea soup, and the best effect is achieved at a concentration of 10nM.

[0054] Example 2: 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid improves the quality of field tea

[0055] Field trials were conducted at the Tianmu Lake Tea Research Institute experimental base in Liyang, Jiangsu Province from July 22, 2022, to August 15, 2022. The tea variety was "Bai Ye No. 1." 2-Amino-3-phenylbutyric acid concentrations were 0 (Mock), 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM, and 0.01% Tween 20 was added as a surfactant. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replicate plot having an area of ​​15 m 2 Each experimental plot consists of a row of tea trees with a length of 15m and a width of 1m, and each plot is 1.5m apart. 2 Each treatment plot was treated with 1 liter of water, sprayed on stems and leaves every five days, with three field applications on July 22, 2022, July 27, 2022, and August 1, 2022. Five days after the last application, one bud, one leaf, and two leaves from the top of intact, pest-free tea leaves in each treatment plot were sampled using the five-point sampling method. After washing, the total free amino acid content, soluble sugar content, and catechin content in the tea leaves were determined, and their percentages were calculated. The method was the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Table 7. Effect of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on the total amino acid content of tea

[0057]

[0058] Table 7 results show that, after spraying tea trees with 1nM, 10nM and 100nM of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in the field, the total amino acid content of the leaves all increased to varying degrees on the 5th day, and the effect of increasing the total amino acid content of the leaves with the 10nM concentration was the best. After the 10nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid was processed, the total amino acid content of the tea leaves significantly increased by 18.7% compared with the control. This result shows that the most suitable concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in the field is 10nM, and after spraying, it can significantly promote the accumulation of amino acids in the fresh tea leaves on the 5th day, so that the tea trees increase production and improve quality. Therefore, in actual production, tea leaves can be picked on the 5th day after spraying 10nM of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid to ensure that the quality of the tea leaves is at the best.

[0059] Table 8. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on the soluble sugar content of tea leaves

[0060]

[0061] The results in Table 8 show that soluble sugar content in tea leaves increased to varying degrees five days after spraying tea plants in the field with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid. Specifically, soluble sugar content in fresh tea leaves treated with 1 nM and 10 nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid increased by 10.7% and 19.6%, respectively, compared to the control. At 100 nM, soluble sugar content in leaves no longer increased. Thus, at both 1 nM and 10 nM concentrations, 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid was able to increase the soluble sugar content in new shoots of tea plants grown in the field.

[0062] Table 9. Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (MPH) on tea catechin components

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] The results in Table 9 show that, five days after spraying field tea plants with 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid, the EGCG content and total catechin content decreased, and the catechin bitterness index decreased. The 10 nM concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid had the most significant effect. Compared to the control, the EGCG content in fresh tea leaves treated with 1 nM and 10 nM decreased by 3.8% and 5.9%, respectively, and the total catechin content decreased by 2.8% and 7.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the catechin bitterness index in fresh tea leaves treated with 10 nM decreased by 1.2%. This suggests that 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid can effectively reduce the EGCG content, total catechin content, and catechin bitterness index in young tea shoots grown in the field, thereby improving tea quality and the taste of the tea soup. The 10 nM concentration achieved the most significant effect.

[0066] References:

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[0081]

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Claims

1. The application of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in improving the quality of tea leaves is characterized by: The improving of tea quality includes improving one or more of the following: photosynthetic efficiency, amino acid composition, total amino acid content, and soluble sugar content of fresh tea leaves; and reducing one or more of the following: total catechin content, ester-type catechin EGCG content, or bitterness index.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The spraying concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is 8~120nM.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that The spraying concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is 8~100nM.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that The spraying concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid is 8~12nM.

5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Process through stems and leaves.

6. The use of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in preparing a product for improving the quality of tea, characterized in that: The improving of tea quality includes improving one or more of the following: photosynthetic efficiency, amino acid composition, total amino acid content, and soluble sugar content of fresh tea leaves; and reducing one or more of the following: total catechin content, ester-type catechin EGCG content, or bitterness index.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in the product is 8-120 nM.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in the product is 8-100 nM.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The concentration of 2-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid in the product is 8-12 nM.

10. The use according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that The product also contains 0.01% Tween 20.

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