Quantum bit control signal generation method and apparatus, and quantum computer

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of quantum measurement and control, and discloses a quantum bit control signal generation method, a quantum bit control signal generation device and a quantum computer. The quantum bit control signal generation method comprises the following steps: obtaining first waveform data according to initial waveform data of a control signal; wherein the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are both waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is higher than that of the initial waveform data; obtaining second waveform data of a delay waveform corresponding to delay information; wherein the delay information is time information of a delay output control signal of a digital-to-analog conversion module; splicing the first waveform data and the second waveform data to obtain a waveform curve; and outputting a corresponding control signal according to sampling data obtained by sampling the waveform curve. The application can provide a control signal for a quantum processor, and the control precision of the control signal meets the requirements of a quantum bit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum measurement and control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and quantum computer for generating qubit control signals. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum computing is a novel computing method that combines quantum mechanics with computer science, performing calculations by manipulating quantum information units in accordance with the laws of quantum mechanics. It uses qubits, composed of microscopic particles, as its basic units, exhibiting properties such as quantum superposition and entanglement. Furthermore, through the controlled evolution of quantum states, quantum computing can achieve information encoding and computational storage, possessing an unparalleled capacity for information carrying and superior parallel computing capabilities compared to classical computing.

[0003] The core of a quantum computer is a quantum chip, which contains a large number of qubits. Each qubit is composed of specific hardware circuits set on the quantum chip. Each qubit has at least two distinguishable logical states. Based on quantum algorithms, the logical states of qubits can be changed in a controllable manner, thereby realizing quantum computing.

[0004] A quantum computer also includes a control system that provides a control environment for the quantum chip. This control system mainly consists of hardware devices located at room temperature and cryogenic devices and signal transmission lines located within a dilution refrigerator. After the quantum chip is packaged, it is fixed in the lowest cryogenic layer of the dilution refrigerator and ultimately connected to the room temperature hardware devices via coaxial lines between the layers. In this control system, two types of lines are mainly used to control the quantum state of the qubits: a first transmission line for driving the quantum state of the qubits and a second transmission line for controlling the frequency of the qubits.

[0005] The waveform data of the control signals that regulate the frequency and qubits are usually sent from the host computer to the measurement and control system. The host computer sends out a small amount of waveform data representing each control signal. Therefore, when the measurement and control system outputs the corresponding control signal based on the waveform data, the accuracy of the control signal is relatively low.

[0006] Furthermore, due to the different cable lengths of different transmission lines and the addition of different microwave devices on the lines, the transmission delay of signals on different lines is different. As a result, different control signals cannot reach the quantum chip according to the designed timing. In order to ensure that the control signals on the first and second transmission lines are transmitted to the quantum chip at the same time, it is usually necessary to increase the delay of the control signals with low transmission delay. That is, the output channel of the measurement and control system outputs the control signal with a delay. However, the quantum chip has high timing requirements for the control signals, and the delay accuracy needs to be below 100 picoseconds.

[0007] In existing technologies, the method of delaying the output control signal usually involves adding a delay at the front end of the control signal. The accuracy of the delay is determined by the sampling rate of the signal generator in the measurement and control system, which is the derivative of the sampling rate. For example, when the sampling rate is 1.2 GHz, its sampling resolution is 830 picoseconds. Even if the sampling rate is increased to 3.2 GHz, its sampling resolution is only 310 picoseconds. That is, the delay accuracy is still much greater than 100 picoseconds, which cannot meet the accuracy requirements of the quantum bit for the control signal.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a device or method that can meet the precision requirements of qubit control signals.

[0009] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of this application is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus and quantum computer for generating qubit control signals, which can provide control signals with control precision that meets the requirements of qubits.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a method for generating a qubit control signal, comprising:

[0012] First waveform data is obtained based on the initial waveform data of the control signal; wherein, both the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is greater than the resolution of the initial waveform data;

[0013] Acquire the second waveform data of the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information; wherein, the delay information is the time information of the delay output control signal of the digital-to-analog converter module;

[0014] The waveform curve is obtained by splicing the first waveform data and the second waveform data;

[0015] The control signal is output based on the sampled data obtained from the waveform curve.

[0016] In the aforementioned method for generating quantum bit control signals, preferably, obtaining the first waveform data based on the initial waveform data of the control signal specifically includes:

[0017] Receive initial waveform data of control signals;

[0018] The initial waveform data is sampled at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module to obtain the first waveform data.

[0019] In the aforementioned method for generating quantum bit control signals, preferably, the step of acquiring the second waveform data of the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information specifically includes:

[0020] The delay information of the control signal is obtained by measurement;

[0021] The delay waveform is determined based on the delay information;

[0022] The second waveform data is obtained by sampling the delayed waveform at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module.

[0023] In the aforementioned method for generating quantum bit control signals, preferably, obtaining the delay information of the control signal through measurement specifically includes:

[0024] Send initial waveform data of two control signals with preset delays to the digital-to-analog converter module;

[0025] The measurement delay of the control signals output from the two output channels of the digital-to-analog converter module is obtained;

[0026] The measurement delay is determined to be the delay information.

[0027] In the aforementioned method for generating quantum bit control signals, preferably, the delay waveform is an empty waveform with a preset fixed amplitude value.

[0028] In the method for generating qubit control signals described above, preferably, the value of N is not less than 2.

[0029] As described above, the preferred method for generating quantum bit control signals involves splicing the first waveform data and the second waveform data to obtain a waveform curve, specifically including:

[0030] The second waveform data is spliced ​​before the first waveform data according to the time information;

[0031] The first waveform data and the second waveform data after fitting and splicing are the waveform curve.

[0032] The method for generating quantum bit control signals as described above, preferably, involves obtaining the control signal corresponding to the sampled data by sampling the waveform curve, specifically including:

[0033] The waveform curve is sampled according to the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module to obtain the sampled data;

[0034] The sampled data is output to the digital-to-analog conversion module;

[0035] The digital-to-analog conversion module outputs a corresponding control signal based on the sampled data.

[0036] Another aspect of this application provides a device for generating quantum bit control signals, comprising:

[0037] The first data processing module is used to obtain first waveform data based on the initial waveform data of the control signal; wherein the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are both waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is greater than the resolution of the initial waveform data;

[0038] The measurement module is used to acquire second waveform data of the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information;

[0039] The second data processing module is used to stitch together the first waveform data and the second waveform data to obtain a waveform curve.

[0040] The signal output module is used to output a corresponding control signal based on the sampled data obtained by sampling the waveform curve.

[0041] In another aspect, this application provides a quantum computer that outputs control signals for controlling qubits on a quantum processor using any of the above-described methods for generating qubit control signals, or includes the above-described qubit control signal generating apparatus and a quantum processor, wherein the qubit control signal generating apparatus is used to provide control signals for the qubits on the quantum processor.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] For each qubit's control signal, the initial waveform data of the control signal is divided into equal parts to obtain the first waveform data, resulting in higher resolution and accuracy. Delay information is obtained through delay testing to determine the corresponding second waveform data. The second and first waveform data are then concatenated according to the time information to obtain a waveform curve representing the control signal containing the delay information. Finally, the waveform curve is sampled to obtain sampled data, ensuring that the obtained sampled data corresponds one-to-one with and is completely identical to the waveform data on the waveform curve, unaffected by the sampling rate. This ensures that the delay accuracy of the control signal meets the qubit's control accuracy requirements, thereby ensuring higher accuracy of the control signal output to the qubit based on the sampled data. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the initial waveform data of a control signal according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of delaying a control signal in a prior art according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3This is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a quantum bit control signal according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first waveform data of a control signal according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a first waveform data and a second waveform data according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a waveform curve obtained by splicing first waveform data and second waveform data according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining first waveform data according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining second waveform data according to an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining delay information by measurement according to an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a process for splicing first waveform data and second waveform data according to an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a process for outputting a control signal based on sampled data, as proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a quantum bit control signal generation device proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0056] 10 - First data processing module, 20 - Measurement module, 30 - Second data processing module, 40 - Signal output module. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the schematic diagrams. The advantages and features of this application will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this application.

[0058] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0059] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the resolution of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0060] Most existing quantum computers employ a combination of a host computer, a quantum control system, and quantum chips to perform quantum computing tasks. Typically, the host computer receives the user's quantum computing task, processes it, and forms a quantum circuit. This quantum circuit is then mapped onto the topology of the corresponding quantum chip. The quantum circuit contains the quantum logic gates required for the task, the measurement operations for the final quantum computing result, and the timing sequence of each operation. Upon receiving this information from the quantum circuit, the quantum control system translates it into corresponding instructions to enable the relevant hardware devices to operate and complete the quantum computing task.

[0061] Generally, a quantum chip contains multiple qubits and data transmission lines. Each qubit includes a detector and a qubit device coupled to each other. The qubit device can be an artificial superconducting qubit constructed using a superconducting Josephson junction and capacitance to ground, and the detector can be a resonant cavity. The qubit device has a first control signal line and a second control signal line, and the detector coupled to the qubit device has a third control signal line. The first control signal line transmits quantum state control signals to regulate the quantum state information of the qubit device; the second control signal line transmits frequency control signals to regulate the frequency parameters of the qubit device; and the third control signal line transmits both measurement signals for reading from the detector and outputs the readback signals returned by the detector, thus achieving indirect reading and measurement of the qubit device's state. Therefore, the quantum control system used for qubit manipulation and measurement in the quantum chip needs to generate and output three control signals, respectively, to the first to third control signal lines to achieve the manipulation and measurement of the qubits in the quantum chip.

[0062] Because the cable lengths of different control signal lines are different and different microwave devices are added to the lines, the transmission delay of the signals on different lines is different. As a result, different control signals cannot reach the quantum chip in the designed timing. In order to ensure that the control signals on the first transmission line and the second transmission line are transmitted to the quantum chip at the same time, it is usually necessary to add a delay to the control signal that arrives at the quantum chip first. That is, the output channel of the measurement and control system outputs the control signal with a delay.

[0063] In existing technologies, methods for delaying the output of control signals typically involve adding a delay waveform to the front end of the control signal. This delay waveform is a waveform with zero amplitude, and the delay time is determined. The waveform of the control signal is preset; the delay can be understood as a time shift of the control signal waveform. The accuracy of the delay waveform is determined by the sampling rate of the signal generator in the measurement and control system, and is the derivative of the sampling rate. For example, at a sampling rate of 1.2 GHz, the sampling resolution is 830 picoseconds. Even if the sampling rate is increased to 3.2 GHz, the sampling resolution is only 310 picoseconds. This means the delay accuracy is still much greater than the 100 picosecond accuracy requirement for the control signal by the qubit, causing the delayed control signal to deviate from the expected control effect on the qubit.

[0064] As attached Figure 1 The waveform of the high-low flat-top wave is shown in the figure. The horizontal axis represents time t, corresponding to the time information of the waveform data, and the vertical axis represents the amplitude information of the waveform data. Waveform curve C10 in the figure can be understood as the waveform of the control signal to be transmitted to the qubit. The dots in the waveform curve represent the waveform data characterizing that waveform. The control signal is usually output by a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) based on the received waveform data. (See attached...) Figure 1 It can be observed that when the waveform data of the characterizing signal sent to the DAC is relatively small, the accuracy of the control signal output by the DAC will be relatively low.

[0065] In addition, as attached Figure 2As shown, an example of a delay method for control signal waveforms in the prior art and its effect is illustrated. Each dot in the signal waveform corresponds to an amplitude parameter with a minimum sampling resolution. In the figure, C20 is an initial signal waveform, and C30 is the effect of shifting C20 to the right by Δt, where Δt is the derivative of the sampling rate of the signal generator, which can be understood as the sampling resolution, the minimum time resolution of each signal waveform shift. C10 is the signal waveform of the target control signal. It can be observed that, affected by the waveform shift accuracy, the waveform of C20 after shifting deviates from the signal waveform of the target control signal. For the high-low flat-top wave signal waveform, the amplitude parameters of the waveform during the low-level delay period and the waveform during the high-level duration are fixed and can be understood as not being affected by the delay accuracy. The amplitude parameter during the rising edge period is directly affected by the delay accuracy. When the delay accuracy is not met, the difference in amplitude parameters is very large, which reduces the control accuracy of the qubits.

[0066] Among them, the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 This example only illustrates a trapezoidal wave. For other waveform shapes, when the sampling resolution is low, the waveform translation accuracy is also low, which will cause the waveform parameters of the translated control signal to deviate from the waveform parameters of the target control signal. This embodiment will not elaborate on these points.

[0067] In summary, it can be seen that the existing technology for delaying the output of control signals to qubits not only has limited control signal precision, but also relatively low delay precision, which directly affects the control effect on qubits. Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a method for generating control signals with precision that meets the control precision requirements of qubits.

[0068] As attached Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for generating a quantum bit control signal, including the following steps:

[0069] Step S10: Obtain first waveform data based on the initial waveform data of the control signal; wherein, the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are both waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is greater than the resolution of the initial waveform data.

[0070] Combined with appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 As shown, attached Figure 1 The dots in the diagram correspond to the initial waveform data of the control signal. Figure 4The dots in the diagram correspond to the first waveform data of the control signal. This can be understood as refining the initial waveform data of the control signal by adding several new waveform data points between adjacent initial waveform data points; these new waveform data points can be divided equally. It can be intuitively observed that the first waveform data is denser, ensuring higher resolution when describing the control signal waveform, thus ensuring a more accurate control signal output from the sampled waveform data.

[0071] Step S20: Obtain the second waveform data of the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information; wherein, the delay information is the time information of the delay output control signal of the digital-to-analog converter module.

[0072] If attached Figure 5 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the time information of the waveform data, and the vertical axis represents the amplitude information of the waveform data. C10 represents the waveform data of the control signal, and C40 represents the waveform data of the delayed waveform. Specifically, for the control signal on the control signal line of each qubit, the delay time of the transmission signal transmitted to that qubit can be obtained through testing, and the corresponding delayed waveform is set according to the measured delay time. In this embodiment, the control signal is output by the digital-to-analog converter module.

[0073] Step S30: Combine the first waveform data and the second waveform data to obtain a waveform curve.

[0074] The first waveform data is determined by adding equal portions of the initial waveform data, specifically the relationship between waveform amplitude and corresponding time. The second waveform data reflects the delay information of the control signal, and its amplitude is zero. The second waveform data is spliced ​​before the first waveform data according to the time information; the spliced ​​waveform curve is shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown.

[0075] It should be noted that the appendix Figure 6 The zero amplitude of the hollow waveform is only an illustration of a fixed value; it can also be other fixed values.

[0076] Step S40: Based on the sampling data obtained from the waveform curve, output the corresponding control signal.

[0077] The obtained waveform curve corresponds to the waveform of the control signal containing delay information to be output to the quantum bit by the digital-to-analog converter module. By sampling the waveform curve, sampling data is obtained to ensure that the obtained sampling data corresponds one-to-one with the waveform parameters of the second control signal and is completely identical.

[0078] The obtained sampled data is sent to the digital-to-analog converter module, which outputs the corresponding control signal based on the sampled data. The output control signal is generated based on the sampled data obtained from the waveform curve sampling, ensuring that the output control signal is the same as the waveform curve containing delay information, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the control signal transmitted to the quantum bit.

[0079] For each qubit's control signal, the initial waveform data of the control signal is divided into equal parts to obtain the first waveform data, resulting in higher resolution and accuracy. Delay information is obtained through delay testing to determine the corresponding second waveform data. The second and first waveform data are then concatenated according to the time information to obtain a waveform curve representing the control signal containing the delay information. Finally, the waveform curve is sampled to obtain sampled data, ensuring that the obtained sampled data corresponds one-to-one with and is completely identical to the waveform data on the waveform curve, unaffected by the sampling rate. This ensures that the delay accuracy of the control signal meets the qubit's control accuracy requirements, thereby ensuring higher accuracy of the control signal output to the qubit based on the sampled data.

[0080] As attached Figure 7 As shown, when obtaining the first waveform data by adding data to the initial waveform data, the step of obtaining the first waveform data based on the initial waveform data of the control signal specifically includes the following steps:

[0081] Step S110: Receive the initial waveform data of the control signal.

[0082] Step S120: Sample the initial waveform data at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module to obtain the first waveform data.

[0083] A quantum computer receives a user's quantum computing task and determines the corresponding quantum program based on the task. The quantum program includes qubit information and signal parameters of the control signals applied to the qubits. Typically, the signal parameters of the control signals, i.e., the initial waveform data, are obtained by a host computer and sent to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The DAC then outputs the corresponding control signals based on the received signal parameters.

[0084] A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) typically samples signal parameters based on a sampling rate and outputs control signal parameters based on the sampled data. When the initial waveform parameters of the control signal are few, the amount of data sampled by the DAC is also limited, directly affecting the accuracy of the output control signal. The host computer samples the initial waveform data at a sampling rate N times that of the DAC, obtaining more first waveform data than the initial waveform parameters. It's conceivable that the larger N is, the more first waveform data of the control signal is obtained, resulting in higher resolution and thus higher accuracy of the control signal output by the DAC.

[0085] As attached Figure 8 As shown in one embodiment of this application, obtaining the second waveform data of the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information specifically includes the following steps:

[0086] Step S210: Obtain the delay information of the control signal by measurement.

[0087] Step S220: Determine the delay waveform based on the delay information.

[0088] Step S230: Sample the delayed waveform at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module to obtain the second waveform data.

[0089] For each qubit's control signal, its corresponding delay information needs to be determined through measurement, and the delay waveform needs to be determined based on the delay information. For the determined delay waveform, the host computer samples the waveform data of the delay waveform using N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module. It can be imagined that the larger N is, the more waveform data of the delay waveform is obtained, that is, the higher the delay resolution, and the higher the accuracy of the control signal output by the digital-to-analog converter module.

[0090] In this embodiment, the delayed waveform is an empty waveform with a preset fixed amplitude value. The amplitude information of the control signal corresponds to the frequency and quantum state of the qubit. The amplitude of the empty waveform spliced ​​before the control signal waveform is set to a preset fixed value to ensure that when the empty waveform is transmitted to the qubit, it will not change the frequency or quantum state of the qubit. When the signal waveform corresponding to the control signal after the empty waveform is transmitted to the qubit, it will take effect and adjust the frequency or quantum state of the qubit.

[0091] It should be added that the preset fixed value can be zero or other fixed values, which can ensure that the frequency of the qubit is at the preset frequency and will not adjust the frequency of the qubit.

[0092] As attached Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, obtaining the delay information of the control signal by measurement specifically includes the following steps:

[0093] Step S2110: Send the initial waveform data of two control signals with preset delays to the digital-to-analog converter module.

[0094] Specifically, determine the experimental waveforms of the control signals for the frequencies of the two control qubits, or the experimental waveforms of the control signals for the quantum states of the two control qubits; add a delay waveform before one of the experimental waveforms, and output both experimental waveforms to the same digital-to-analog converter module, and measure the delay of the two control signals output by the digital-to-analog converter module using a measuring device.

[0095] It should be added that during the test, the control signal used for comparison measurement is the same type of control signal, that is, the two control signals controlling the frequency of the qubit or the control signal controlling the quantum state of the qubit, and the delay of the two control signals is compared, rather than comparing the control signal controlling the frequency of the qubit and the control signal controlling the quantum state of the qubit.

[0096] Step S2120: Obtain the measurement delay of the control signals output by the two output channels of the digital-to-analog converter module.

[0097] Step S2130: Determine the measurement delay as the delay information.

[0098] By pre-setting the delay information of the experimental waveforms of two control signals and measuring the measurement delay of the output of the two output channels of the digital-to-analog converter module, the measurement delay is determined as the required delay information.

[0099] The method for obtaining the measurement delay of the control signals output from the two output channels of the digital-to-analog converter module further includes: determining a number of preset delays, traversing each preset delay, and repeatedly sending experimental waveforms of two control signals with preset delays to the digital-to-analog converter module. By presetting a number of delay information and measuring each preset delay, the corresponding measurement delay is obtained.

[0100] As described above, when sampling the initial waveform data and delayed waveform data of the control signal at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module, the value of N is not less than 2. It can be understood that the larger the value of N, the more waveform data of the delayed waveform is obtained, i.e., the higher the delay resolution, resulting in higher accuracy of the control signal output by the digital-to-analog converter module during the delay. In this embodiment, the value of N is 10.

[0101] As attached Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, when splicing the first waveform data and the second waveform data, the waveform curve is obtained by splicing the first waveform data and the second waveform data, specifically including the following steps:

[0102] Step S310: The second waveform data is spliced ​​before the first waveform data according to the time information.

[0103] Step S320: Fit the spliced ​​first waveform data and second waveform data to form the waveform curve.

[0104] Combined with appendix Figure 5 and attached Figure 6As shown, both the first and second waveform data contain time and amplitude information. They are concatenated according to the time information; specifically, the start time of the first waveform data is aligned with the end time of the second waveform data before concatenation. The concatenated waveform curve is the waveform curve of the control signal containing delay information that needs to be transmitted to the qubit. Sampling is performed based on this waveform curve, and the sampled data is output to the digital-to-analog converter module to ensure that the delay accuracy and control accuracy of the control signal output by the digital-to-analog converter module meet the requirements of the qubit.

[0105] As attached Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, the control signal corresponding to the sampling data obtained by sampling the waveform curve is output, specifically including the following steps:

[0106] Step S410: Sample the waveform curve according to the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module to obtain the sampled data. The waveform data in the waveform curve of the control waveform containing delay information is obtained by sampling at 10 times the sampling rate. The amount of waveform data is very large, and the corresponding delay accuracy and control accuracy are very high. The digital-to-analog converter module samples the waveform curve according to its sampling rate to ensure that the sampled data obtained corresponds one-to-one with the waveform data on the waveform curve and is completely identical, unaffected by the sampling rate, so that the delay accuracy and control accuracy of the control signal meet the requirements of the qubit.

[0107] Step S420: Output the sampled data to the digital-to-analog conversion module.

[0108] Step S430: The digital-to-analog conversion module outputs a corresponding control signal based on the sampled data.

[0109] The digital-to-analog converter receives the sampled data and outputs the corresponding control signal based on the sampled data. It can be understood that the sampled data is sampled from the spliced ​​waveform curve. The waveform curve is obtained by splicing the waveform data obtained from the measurement delay information and the initial waveform data at a sampling rate of N times. That is, the control signal output based on the sampled data is completely consistent with the waveform curve containing the delay information and is not affected by the sampling rate, so that the delay accuracy and control accuracy of the control signal meet the requirements of the qubit.

[0110] As attached Figure 12As shown, based on the same application concept, this application embodiment also provides a quantum bit control signal generation device, including: a first data processing module 10, used to obtain first waveform data based on initial waveform data of the control signal; wherein, the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are both waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is greater than the resolution of the initial waveform data; a measurement module 20, used to acquire second waveform data of the delayed waveform corresponding to the delay information; a second data processing module 30, used to stitch the first waveform data and the second waveform data to obtain a waveform curve; and a signal output module 40, used to output a corresponding control signal based on sampling data obtained by sampling the waveform curve.

[0111] The first data processing module 10, the measurement module 20, and the second data processing module 30 can be functional modules integrated into the host computer or functional modules integrated into an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). The signal output module 40 can be a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter).

[0112] When the first data processing module 10, the measurement module 20, and the second data processing module 30 are integrated into the host computer, the host computer processes the initial waveform data of the control signal to obtain the first waveform data, splices it with the second waveform data of the delayed waveform, samples the spliced ​​waveform curve, and sends the sampled data to the signal output module 40, which then outputs the corresponding control signal.

[0113] When the first data processing module 10, the measurement module 20, and the second data processing module 30 are integrated into the FPGA, the waveform data processing, waveform data splicing, and sampling operations are completed by the FPGA, and the sampled data is sent to the signal output module 40, which then outputs the corresponding control signal.

[0114] Based on the same concept, embodiments of this application also provide a quantum computer that outputs control signals for controlling qubits on a quantum processor using any of the above-described methods for generating qubit control signals, or includes the following: Figure 12 The apparatus for generating qubit control signals and the quantum processor are shown. The apparatus for generating qubit control signals is used to provide control signals for the qubits on the quantum processor.

[0115] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," or "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0116] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not constitute any limitation on this application. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in this application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of this application shall still fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for generating a quantum bit control signal, characterized in that, include: The system receives initial waveform data of a control signal and samples the initial waveform data at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module to obtain first waveform data; wherein, both the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is greater than the resolution of the initial waveform data. Obtain the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information, and sample the delay waveform at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module to obtain second waveform data; wherein, the delay information is the time information of the delay output control signal of the digital-to-analog converter module; According to the time information, the second waveform data is spliced ​​before the first waveform data, and the spliced ​​first waveform data and second waveform data are fitted to form a waveform curve. The control signal is output based on the sampled data obtained from the waveform curve.

2. The method for generating quantum bit control signals as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information specifically includes: The delay information of the control signal is obtained by measurement; The delay waveform is determined based on the delay information.

3. The method for generating quantum bit control signals as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the delay information of the control signal by measurement specifically includes: Send initial waveform data of two control signals with preset delays to the digital-to-analog converter module; The measurement delay of the control signals output from the two output channels of the digital-to-analog converter module is obtained; The measurement delay is determined to be the delay information.

4. The method for generating a quantum bit control signal as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The delayed waveform is an empty waveform with a preset fixed amplitude value.

5. The method for generating a quantum bit control signal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The value of N is not less than 2.

6. The method for generating a quantum bit control signal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on sampling the waveform curve to obtain the sampled data, the corresponding control signal is output, specifically including: The waveform curve is sampled according to the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module to obtain the sampled data; The sampled data is output to the digital-to-analog conversion module; The digital-to-analog conversion module outputs a corresponding control signal based on the sampled data.

7. A device for generating quantum bit control signals, characterized in that, include: The first data processing module is used to receive the initial waveform data of the control signal and sample the initial waveform data at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter module to obtain the first waveform data; wherein the initial waveform data and the first waveform data are both waveform data of the control signal, and the resolution of the first waveform data is greater than the resolution of the initial waveform data. The measurement module is used to acquire the delay waveform corresponding to the delay information, and to sample the delay waveform at N times the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module to obtain the second waveform data. The second data processing module is used to stitch the second waveform data before the first waveform data according to the time information, and to fit the stitched first waveform data and the second waveform data into a waveform curve. The signal output module is used to output a corresponding control signal based on the sampled data obtained by sampling the waveform curve.

8. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The method for generating qubit control signals as described in any one of claims 1-6 outputs control signals for controlling qubits on a quantum processor, or includes a qubit control signal generation device as described in claim 7 and a quantum processor, wherein the qubit control signal generation device is used to provide control signals for qubits on the quantum processor.

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