Water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management system and method based on space-time information data

Abstract

The application provides a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management system and method based on space-time information data, relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and comprises the following modules: a data processing module configured to obtain three-dimensional space-time data and oblique photography data; a feature processing module configured to establish a three-dimensional model; an engineering quantity calculation module configured to perform engineering quantity calculation; a data storage module configured to store all data in a Json format; a real scene lofting module configured to perform real scene lofting processing on the oblique photography data; a historical comparison and analysis module configured to compare oblique photography data of different time periods and generate an analysis report; and a historical playback module configured to manage viewpoint information and generate a comic strip type engineering progress report. The application can effectively improve the effectiveness and accuracy of analysis data and the analysis efficiency of water conservancy and hydropower excavation design, and provides effective protection for the smooth acceptance of water conservancy and hydropower engineering foundation pit excavation operations.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and particularly relates to a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management system and method based on space-time information data. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of water conservancy and hydropower engineering foundation pit excavation construction, the importance of data collection is often underestimated, leading to increasingly prominent data quality and integrity problems. This phenomenon mainly manifests in the following aspects:

[0003] Insufficient data collection quality: During the construction period, due to progress pressure, data collection work is often neglected. Although the technical threshold of collection is not high, there is obvious randomness and omission in the execution process. This leads to a significant reduction in the completeness and accuracy of collected data, which cannot provide reliable basis for subsequent engineering quantity calculation and analysis. In the project completion acceptance stage, the construction unit often has difficulty in providing sufficient calculation data and supporting materials, which seriously affects the effective development of comprehensive analysis work.

[0004] Data specification is missing: the specification problem of historical data is prominent, mainly manifested in the randomness of parameter setting in collection. This situation is usually closely related to the personal experience of the relevant rule makers, and lacks unified standards and specifications. Some projects fail to develop or effectively implement data specifications in the early stage, resulting in uneven quality of data production in the production stage. This not only increases the complexity of later analysis work, but also requires additional data pre-processing, greatly reducing data utilization efficiency.

[0005] Data collation and verification is difficult: even if some construction units check according to the data requirements, the calculation and statistical correction work still faces great challenges. This work can only be carried out after the completion of each settlement of the contractor unit to ensure the integrity of the data. However, the initiative of the contractor unit is generally low in reality, which further aggravates the difficulty of data collation and verification. This situation not only delays the data analysis process, but also may affect the timeliness and accuracy of engineering progress and quality management.

[0006] The existence of these problems seriously affects the data management efficiency and quality of water conservancy and hydropower engineering foundation pit excavation operation, and urgent measures such as formulating unified standards, strengthening data collection awareness and optimizing data processing process are needed to improve the effectiveness of engineering management. SUMMARY

[0007] Therefore, the application provides a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management system and method based on space-time information data.

[0008] The technical scheme of the application is implemented as follows:

[0009] In one aspect, the application provides a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management system based on space-time information data, comprising:

[0010] A data processing module configured to perform format processing and conversion on original two-dimensional data and original oblique photography data to obtain three-dimensional space-time data and oblique photography data;

[0011] A feature processing module configured to establish a three-dimensional model based on the three-dimensional space-time data or the oblique photography data, and perform feature line processing in a semi-supervised manner to optimize the three-dimensional model;

[0012] An engineering quantity calculation module configured to calculate engineering quantities of a foundation pit construction area based on the three-dimensional model;

[0013] A data storage module configured to store all data in a Json format;

[0014] A real scene lofting module configured to perform real scene lofting processing on the oblique photography data, including data mapping, data import and export, and editing;

[0015] A historical comparison and analysis module configured to compare oblique photography data of different time periods, calculate engineering quantity changes in different periods, perform multi-dimensional statistical analysis, and generate an analysis report;

[0016] A historical playback module configured to manage viewpoint information, perform automatic screenshot and image carousel, and generate a comic strip style engineering progress report.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the data processing module processes the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data in the same way, and the processing procedure of the original two-dimensional data is as follows:

[0018] S1: Obtain a file of original two-dimensional data; S2: Perform format processing on the original two-dimensional data;

[0019] S2: calling an interface program, reading the group code and associated values of the file, obtaining group data;

[0020] S3: traversing and analyzing the group data, judging whether the current group data is the end of the file or the analysis result is an error, if yes, ending the processing flow, if not, executing step S4;

[0021] S4: segment name recognition of the group data, including HEADER segment, CLASSES segment, TABLES segment, ENTITES segment and OBJECTS segment;

[0022] S5: obtaining the format information of the file according to the segment name recognition result, including layer line type, coloring information, attribute information of construction unit and unit entity segment name;

[0023] S6: calling an interface program, combing the format information of the file, obtaining the combed two-dimensional data;

[0024] S7: recognizing the source coordinate system of the two-dimensional data, defining the target coordinate system, creating source and target system objects, and setting projection parameters;

[0025] S8: creating a converter based on the source coordinate system and the target coordinate system, performing coordinate conversion on each coordinate point of the two-dimensional data, and obtaining three-dimensional space-time data.

[0026] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the process of feature line processing is:

[0027] A1, import high-precision DEM data as reference terrain, display and compare the feature line and the reference terrain, and identify and adjust the abnormal point positions in the feature line based on the reference terrain;

[0028] A2, correcting the three-dimensional model according to the adjusted feature line, verifying the corrected three-dimensional model, if all point positions are in the ground state, the correction is ended, and the optimized three-dimensional model is output, if there are still point positions not in the ground state, return to step A1 for adjustment again.

[0029] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the process of engineering quantity calculation is:

[0030] B1, judging whether to draw the foundation pit construction area according to the scene, if yes, executing step B2, if not, executing step B3;

[0031] B2, selecting a drawing method, the drawing method being a polygon or a rectangle, drawing the foundation pit construction area by using the drawing method, determining the maximum and minimum elevations of the foundation pit construction area, judging whether it is an editing mode, if yes, performing step B4 after elevation correction, if not, directly executing step B4;

[0032] B3, import the excavation surface data, read the foundation pit construction area, judge whether it is in the edit mode, if yes, determine the maximum and minimum elevations of the foundation pit construction area, and execute step B4, if not, directly execute step B4;

[0033] B4, configure the parameters of the calculation algorithm, and input the information of the three-dimensional model;

[0034] B5, calculate the engineering quantity of the foundation pit construction area, wherein the engineering quantity is quantified and calculated according to the volume enclosed by the boundary of the foundation pit construction area.

[0035] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, step B5 comprises:

[0036] B51, draw a polygon according to the boundary of the foundation pit construction area, and perform Thiessen polygon division on the polygon;

[0037] B52, combine the DEM data to perform triangular mesh division on the foundation pit construction area to obtain a plurality of grid units;

[0038] B53, traverse each grid unit, and calculate the engineering quantity of the grid unit according to the DEM data, including the working surface area, the excavation volume and the filling volume;

[0039] B54, accumulate the excavation volume and the filling volume, and take the sum of the surface areas of all the grid units as the total surface area;

[0040] B55, for each Thiessen polygon, determine all the grid units contained therein, and accumulate the excavation volume, the filling volume and the surface area as the engineering quantity of the Thiessen polygon;

[0041] B56, output the overall engineering quantity of the foundation pit construction area.

[0042] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, step B53 comprises:

[0043] B531, the grid unit is an approximate triangular prism, which is composed of a triangular prism and a quadrangular pyramid, the bottom surface of the triangular prism is a triangle, and the area thereof is S, and the top surface of the quadrangular pyramid is a ground triangle, and the elevation values of the three vertices thereof are a, b and c respectively;

[0044] B532, set the design elevation as h, and calculate the elevation differences between the three vertices and the design elevation:

[0045] Δh1=a-h

[0046] Δh2=b-h

[0047] Δh3=c-h

[0048] B533. Calculate the average elevation difference Ah from the elevation differences of the three vertices and the design elevation avg :

[0049] Ah avg = (Ah1 + Ah2 + Ah3) / 3

[0050] B534. Calculate the volume V of the grid unit from the average elevation difference and the area S:

[0051] V = S x Ah avg

[0052] B535. Determine whether V is the volume of excavation or the volume of filling:

[0053] If Ah avg > 0, V is positive, which represents the volume of excavation;

[0054] If Ah avg < 0, V is negative, which represents the volume of filling.

[0055] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in the real scene lofting module, the process of data plotting on the image of oblique photography data is:

[0056] C1. Open the image layer of oblique photography data, and open the DXF file containing design graphics at the same time, and read the graphic elements in the file;

[0057] C2. Read the pre-set projection configuration information from the system configuration, and keep the coordinate system consistent;

[0058] C3. Determine whether to perform ground attachment processing, if yes, adjust the elevation of the graphic elements according to the image layer, if not, set all graphic elements to a unified absolute elevation;

[0059] C4. Determine whether there is an opening surface or road line mark, if there is, use the existing mark as attribute data, if not, add a new opening surface or road line mark as attribute data;

[0060] C5. Generate a data list of graphic elements and attribute data;

[0061] C6. Upload the data list to the system or export it to the local:

[0062] If uploaded to the system, save the data list to the data storage module;

[0063] If exported to the local, export the data list as a GeoJSON format file.

[0064] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in the real scene lofting module, the process of data import, export and editing is:

[0065] D1, opening the image layer of the oblique photography data;

[0066] D2, reading the data list in the data storage module online or importing the data list of the GeoJSON format file;

[0067] D3, processing the data list according to the user demand, if the user demand is feature editing, executing step D4, if the user demand is partial uploading, executing step D5, if the user demand is selective exporting, executing step D6, and if the user demand is post-processing after exporting, executing step D7;

[0068] D4, according to the user demand, replacing and saving the selected graphic elements after interference point adjustment, or setting the selected graphic elements as open surfaces, or setting the selected graphic elements as road lines;

[0069] D5, according to the user demand, uploading part of the data in the data list;

[0070] D6, according to the user demand, exporting the data list as a whole, or exporting the selected target graphic elements, or performing image selection on the image layer and exporting;

[0071] D7, after exporting the data list, performing positioning, display and hiding, editing or deleting according to the user demand.

[0072] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, in step D4, the process of interference point adjustment is:

[0073] D41, selecting a graphic element as an original interference element, drawing an interference surface based on the original interference element, and taking the data points on the interference surface as interference points;

[0074] D42, modeling according to the interference points as an interference model;

[0075] D43, obtaining the point elevation of the interference model;

[0076] D44, comparing the point elevation with DEM data to determine whether the interference points need to be calibrated, if yes, returning to step D42 after calibrating the interference points, and if no, outputting the interference points as new interference elements, replacing and saving after updating the graphic elements.

[0077] On the other hand, the application also provides a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management method based on spatiotemporal information data, which is applied to the system of any one of the above, and comprises the following steps:

[0078] performing format processing and conversion on the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data to obtain three-dimensional spatiotemporal data and oblique photography data;

[0079] Based on three-dimensional space-time data or oblique photography data, a three-dimensional model is established, and feature line processing is carried out in a semi-supervised manner to optimize the three-dimensional model;

[0080] The file of the oblique photography data is managed, the ground engineering part range line and the view angle are defined, the engineering quantity of the excavation construction area of each period is calculated based on the three-dimensional model, and the engineering quantity report is generated;

[0081] The real scene lofting processing of the oblique photography data is carried out, including data plotting, data import and export and editing;

[0082] The oblique photography data of different periods are compared, the engineering quantity change of different periods is calculated, multi-dimensional statistical analysis is carried out, and the analysis report is generated;

[0083] The viewpoint information is managed, automatic screenshot and image carousel are carried out, and the engineering progress report in the form of a comic strip is generated;

[0084] All data are stored in Json format.

[0085] The system of the present application has the following beneficial effects relative to the prior art:

[0086] (1) For the foundation pit excavation work of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the purpose of quickly collecting and collecting and efficiently visualizing the results of the work quantity calculation, query and comparison of the information of multiple single and multiple foundation pit working surfaces is achieved, and accurate result data and analysis report materials are provided for the engineering;

[0087] (2) Combined with the construction characteristics of the foundation pit excavation work of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, a comprehensive analysis method including the functions of foundation pit oblique photography construction lofting, construction work quantity analysis, historical comparison and historical playback is established, the standardization of standardized oblique photography data is established, the unified data processing mechanism of each data source data is established, and finally the purpose of automatic and efficient comprehensive analysis and auditing is achieved under the condition of unified data standard. Compared with the traditional working mode, the present application can effectively improve the effectiveness, accuracy of the analysis data and the analysis efficiency of the water conservancy and hydropower excavation design, and provide effective protection for the smooth acceptance of the foundation pit excavation work of water conservancy and hydropower engineering;

[0088] (3) By automatically identifying and processing different segments of data, including HEADER, CLASSES, TABLES, ENTITES and OBJECTS segments, the integrity and consistency of the data are ensured. Especially in the coordinate conversion step, by automatically identifying the source coordinate system and defining the target coordinate system, a converter is created for accurate conversion, which greatly improves the accuracy of the three-dimensional space-time data. This automatic process not only reduces human errors, but also greatly shortens the data processing time, laying a solid data foundation for subsequent three-dimensional model construction and engineering quantity calculation;

[0089] (4) By importing high-precision DEM data as reference terrain, the system can automatically identify and adjust abnormal points in the feature line. This method not only improves the processing efficiency, but also ensures the accuracy of the processing results. Especially in complex terrain conditions, this method can effectively capture the terrain features and improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional model. The iterative verification mechanism further guarantees the quality of the model, ensuring that all points are in the state of sticking to the ground;(5) Through the division of Thiessen polygons and triangular mesh, the system can accurately calculate the engineering quantity under complex terrain. The approximate calculation method of three-prism is adopted, considering the irregularity of the ground surface, which can more accurately calculate the volume of excavation and filling. This method not only provides the overall engineering quantity, but also can be refined to the engineering quantity of each Thiessen polygon, providing strong data support for fine management and cost control. In addition, the system can automatically distinguish between excavation and filling, which is of great significance for earthwork balance and construction planning. This refined calculation method greatly improves the accuracy of engineering quantity estimation, helps to improve project management efficiency, reduces construction cost, and optimizes resource allocation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0090] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0091] Figure 1 The system framework diagram of the present application;

[0092] Figure 2 The data processing flowchart of the present application;

[0093] Figure 3 The engineering quantity calculation flowchart of the present application;

[0094] Figure 4 The grid unit schematic diagram of the present application;

[0095] Figure 5 The data mapping flowchart of the present application;

[0096] Figure 6 The data import, export and editing flowchart of the present application;

[0097] Figure 7 The method step diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0098] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0099] Explanation of some terms in this invention:

[0100] 1. Horse Trail

[0101] It is usually a temporary road paved with solid materials (such as concrete, bricks, etc.) to withstand the movement and transportation of vehicles and personnel. It needs to meet certain standards and specifications, including width, flatness, slope, etc., to meet the construction process requirements and ensure the smooth flow of materials and equipment.

[0102] 2. Slope

[0103] A slope refers to an artificial slope formed by excavation or filling construction in construction or municipal engineering projects, or a natural slope that affects the safety and stability of buildings (structures).

[0104] 3. Excavation volume

[0105] Calculate the volume of the protruding part between the "base plane" and the ground surface.

[0106] 4. Filling volume

[0107] Calculate the volume of the missing part between the "Base Plane" and the "Bottom of Wall" and fill it.

[0108] 5. BIM model

[0109] Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a multi-dimensional (three-dimensional space, time, cost, safety, etc.), digital, and operational engineering information model. It enables all stakeholders to collaborate at all stages of a construction project throughout its lifecycle, share project information, and make relevant decisions.

[0110] 6. Oblique Photography

[0111] A technology that acquires ground feature information by carrying multiple sensors on the same flight platform and simultaneously collecting images from one vertical angle and four oblique angles (i.e., a total of five different angles).

[0112] See also Figure 1 First, the present invention provides a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation project management system based on spatiotemporal information data, including:

[0113] a data processing module configured to format and convert the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data to obtain three-dimensional space-time data and oblique photography data;

[0114] a feature processing module configured to establish a three-dimensional model based on the three-dimensional space-time data or the oblique photography data, and to perform feature line processing in a semi-supervised manner to optimize the three-dimensional model;

[0115] an engineering quantity calculation module configured to calculate engineering quantities of a foundation pit construction area based on the three-dimensional model;

[0116] a data storage module configured to store all data in a Json format;

[0117] a real scene lofting module configured to perform real scene lofting processing on the oblique photography data, including data mapping, data import and export, and editing;

[0118] a historical comparison and analysis module configured to compare oblique photography data of different time periods, calculate engineering quantity changes of different periods, perform multi-dimensional statistical analysis, and generate an analysis report;

[0119] a historical playback module configured to manage viewpoint information, perform automatic screenshot and image carousel, and generate a comic strip style engineering progress report.

[0120] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the data processing module processes the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data in the same way. As shown in the following figure, the processing flow of the original two-dimensional data is as follows: Figure 2

[0121] S1: Obtain the file of the original two-dimensional data;

[0122] S2: Call the interface program to read the group code and associated values of the file to obtain group data;

[0123] S3: Perform traversal analysis on the group data to determine whether the current group data is the end of the file or the analysis result is an error, if so, end the processing flow, if not, perform step S4;

[0124] S4: Perform segment name recognition on the group data, including HEADER segment, CLASSES segment, TABLES segment, ENTITES segment and OBJECTS segment;

[0125] S5: Obtain the format information of the file according to the segment name recognition result, including layer line type, coloring information, attribute information of the construction unit and unit entity segment name;

[0126] S6: Call the interface program to sort the format information of the file to obtain the sorted two-dimensional data;​

[0127] S7: Identify the source coordinate system of the two-dimensional data and define the target coordinate system, create source and target system objects, and set projection parameters;

[0128] S8: Create a converter based on the source coordinate system and the target coordinate system, perform coordinate conversion on each coordinate point of the two-dimensional data, and obtain three-dimensional space-time data.

[0129] Specifically, the embodiment designs a graphic conversion engine. In the data production and export stage, the key fields are designed in detail. According to the key data required by the measurement operation, such as slope data, horse path data and opening surface data, the foundation pit excavation operation data is exported according to the unified data format in the construction dam section area. After identifying the segment name of HEADER segment, CLASSES segment, TABLES segment, ENTITES segment and OBJECTS segment, the current data layer line type, coloring information, construction unit attribute information, unit entity segment name can be known. Through the above method, a sorted and format-standardized space-time information data is obtained.

[0130] A specific embodiment is described as follows:

[0131] First, design a graphic conversion interface that supports multiple common two-dimensional data formats such as DXF, DWG and SHP. After selecting the file, the system will perform preliminary verification to check the integrity and readability of the file, ensuring that the file is not damaged and the format is correct. If the file verification fails, the system will prompt the user to select a valid file again.

[0132] According to the selected file format, the system will call the corresponding file reading interface. For example, for DXF files, use the DXF parsing library. The system will read the file content line by line, identify the group code and corresponding value of each data group. These information will be temporarily stored in the data structure in the memory, such as list or dictionary, for subsequent processing. During the reading process, the system will record the basic structure information of the file to prepare for subsequent paragraph recognition.

[0133] Traverse the group data. During the traversal process, two aspects are mainly checked: one is to judge whether the file end marker is encountered, and the other is to check whether there are obvious errors or abnormal values in the data. If the file end marker is encountered or serious errors are found, the system will stop processing immediately and give the corresponding prompt. Otherwise, the system will continue to execute the subsequent steps.

[0134] A dictionary containing various segment names (such as HEADER, CLASSES, TABLES, ENTITIES, and OBJECTS) is predefined. Then, the group data is traversed to identify the start and end positions of these predefined segments. Whenever a segment name identifier is encountered, the system records the starting position of the segment and categorizes the subsequent data into that segment until the next segment name identifier or the end of the file is encountered. In this way, the original data is categorized into different segments.

[0135] Each segment identified in S4 is parsed separately. Layer line information is extracted from the HEADER segment; coloring information is obtained from the TABLES segment; attribute information of construction units is extracted from the ENTITIES segment; and unit entity segment names are obtained from the OBJECTS segment. These information is organized into a structured format, such as a dictionary or a special data class, for subsequent processing and querying. In this step, special attention should be paid to key data related to quantity calculation, such as slope data, road data, and opening surface data.

[0136] Based on the format information extracted in S5, a new data structure is created to store the refined two-dimensional data. This process includes data reorganization and standardization. After that, redundant information is removed, and only key data necessary for subsequent quantity calculation and analysis is retained. The data is organized into a unified format for subsequent processing. In addition, the data needs to be classified and sorted according to the construction dam section area.

[0137] The coordinate system information in the HEADER segment is analyzed to identify the source coordinate system of the original data. If it cannot be directly identified, a default coordinate system is used. Then, a target coordinate system is defined, such as selecting a common geographic coordinate system. The detailed parameters of the source coordinate system and the target coordinate system are set, including ellipsoid, projection method, central meridian, etc.

[0138] A coordinate converter is created using a coordinate conversion library (such as PROJ.4). This converter is based on the source coordinate system and target coordinate system parameters defined in S7. Then, each coordinate point in the refined two-dimensional data is traversed. For each point, the system calls the converter to perform coordinate conversion, converting the original coordinates to the target coordinate system. The converted coordinates are stored together with the original attribute information as a new three-dimensional spatiotemporal data structure.

[0139] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the process of feature line processing is as follows:

[0140] A1, import high-precision DEM data as reference terrain, display and compare the feature line and the reference terrain, identify and adjust the abnormal point position in the feature line based on the reference terrain;

[0141] Specifically, high-precision DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data is imported to ensure its precision and coverage meet project requirements. Existing feature line data is imported, which represents key profiles in the project, such as excavation boundaries, filling boundaries, etc.

[0142] DEM and feature line data are displayed simultaneously using three-dimensional visualization tools. Different colors or styles are used to distinguish DEM and feature line for intuitive comparison.

[0143] The elevation of each point on the feature line is compared with the elevation of the corresponding DEM position. A threshold is set to mark points with elevation difference exceeding the threshold as potential abnormal points.

[0144] For the marked abnormal points, the elevation of the abnormal points is adjusted according to the DEM data.

[0145] A2, adjust the three-dimensional model according to the adjusted feature line, verify the modified three-dimensional model, if all points are in the ground state, the modification is ended, the optimized three-dimensional model is output, if there are still points not in the ground state, return to step A1 for adjustment again.

[0146] Based on the adjusted feature line, update the relevant part of the three-dimensional model. Verify whether all key points in the modified model are in the ground state. Calculate the vertical distance of each point from the DEM surface and mark the points exceeding the allowed error range.

[0147] If all points are in the ground state (i.e. the deviation from DEM is within the acceptable range), the correction is considered successful. The optimized three-dimensional model is output, including updated feature lines and related terrain data. If there are still points not reaching the ground state, the system will mark these points. Return to step A1 and adjust these non-compliant points again.

[0148] In actual construction, due to the interference of factors such as bridges, the automatic picking of model ground points is biased, which is not in line with the specification for direct use in subsequent calculations, and manual processing of the model is required. This embodiment picks up and replaces the dirty data (mainly elevation data) of the corresponding point to ensure that each endpoint of the excavation surface is in the ground state.

[0149] Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 The process of engineering quantity calculation in an embodiment of the present application is:

[0150] B1, according to the scene, judge whether to draw the foundation pit construction area, if yes, execute step B2, if no, execute step B3;

[0151] B2, select the drawing mode, the drawing mode is polygon or rectangle, draw the foundation pit construction area by using the drawing mode, determine the maximum and minimum elevation of the foundation pit construction area, judge whether it is an editing mode, if so, perform step B4 after elevation correction, if not, directly execute step B4;

[0152] B3, import the excavation surface data, read the foundation pit construction area, judge whether it is an editing mode, if so, determine the maximum and minimum elevation of the foundation pit construction area, and execute step B4, if not, directly execute step B4;

[0153] B4, configure the parameters of the calculation algorithm, and input the information of the three-dimensional model;

[0154] B5, calculate the engineering quantity of the foundation pit construction area, wherein the engineering quantity is quantified and calculated according to the volume enclosed by the boundary of the foundation pit construction area.

[0155] Specifically, the scene is divided into manually drawing a single surface or importing a CAD excavation surface. In this embodiment, the rectangular drawing mode is mainly designed for the actual shape of the stockyard or the slag field. The bottom edge of the rectangular drawing is different from the bottom edge of the polygon drawing mode. The reason is that the rectangular drawing is generated by the frame in the three-dimensional engine, and all the edges are reconstructed into polygons afterwards. At the beginning, the four corner points cannot be determined. The user can set the orientation of the bottom edge by adjusting the orientation of the map to north and selecting the corresponding drop-down box item next to it.

[0156] In this embodiment, step B5 includes:

[0157] B51, draw a polygon according to the boundary of the foundation pit construction area, and perform Thiessen polygon division on the polygon;

[0158] B52, combine the DEM data to perform triangular mesh division on the foundation pit construction area to obtain a plurality of grid units;

[0159] B53, traverse each grid unit, and calculate the engineering quantity of the grid unit according to the DEM data, including the working surface area, the excavation volume and the filling volume;

[0160] B54, accumulate the excavation volume and the filling volume, and take the sum of the surface areas of all the grid units as the total surface area;

[0161] B55, for each Thiessen polygon, determine all the grid units contained therein, and accumulate the excavation volume, the filling volume and the surface area as the engineering quantity of the Thiessen polygon;

[0162] B56, output the overall engineering quantity of the foundation pit construction area.

[0163] Wherein, step B53 includes:

[0164] B531, the grid unit is an approximate prism, which is composed of a triangular prism and a quadrangular pyramid, the base of the triangular prism is a triangle with an area of S, and the top of the quadrangular pyramid is a ground triangle with three vertex elevation values of a, b and c respectively;

[0165] B532, a design elevation h is set, and the elevation differences between the three vertices and the design elevation are calculated:

[0166] Δh1 = a - h

[0167] Δh2 = b - h

[0168] Δh3 = c - h

[0169] B533, the average elevation difference Δh is calculated according to the elevation differences between the three vertices and the design elevation avg :

[0170] Δh avg = (Δh1 + Δh2 + Δh3) / 3

[0171] B534, the volume V of the grid unit is calculated according to the average elevation difference and the area S:

[0172] V = S × Δh avg

[0173] B535, it is judged whether V is a volume of excavation or a volume of filling:

[0174] If Δh avg > 0, V is positive, which represents a volume of excavation;

[0175] If Δh avg < 0, V is negative, which represents a volume of filling.

[0176] In actual engineering, due to the limitation of measurement and calculation accuracy, the probability of Δh avg = 0 is extremely small, and if it occurs, the corresponding grid unit is ignored and not calculated.

[0177] In this embodiment, the structure of the grid unit is as shown in Figure 4 , and when calculating the engineering quantity, the polygon is divided into infinite small triangular bodies, and then each small triangular body is traversed to judge whether each triangular body is excavated or filled.

[0178] Specifically, in this embodiment, the elevation values of a, b and c are pixel elevations extracted by oblique photography, and the calculated V has a certain objectivity. The design elevation (h) refers to the final ground height specified in the engineering design drawing.

[0179] Specifically, as Figure 5As shown in the embodiment of the present application, in the real scene lofting module, the process of data plotting of the oblique photography data is as follows:

[0180] C1, open the image layer of the oblique photography data, and open the DXF file containing the design graph to read the graph elements in the file; the graph elements are points, lines, surfaces, etc.

[0181] C2, read the pre-set projection configuration information from the system configuration to keep the coordinate system consistent;

[0182] C3, judge whether to perform the ground attachment processing, if yes, adjust the elevation of the graph elements according to the image layer, if not, set all the graph elements to a uniform absolute elevation;

[0183] If the ground attachment processing is selected, the elevation information is extracted from the oblique photography image, the corresponding elevation value is obtained by interpolation from the image for each node of the CAD graph element, the Z value of the CAD graph element is updated, and the ground attachment effect is realized.

[0184] If the ground attachment processing is not performed, an interface is provided to allow the user to input a uniform absolute elevation value. The Z value of all graph elements is set to the uniform elevation.

[0185] C4, judge whether there is an opening surface and road line mark, if yes, use the existing mark as attribute data, if not, add a new opening surface and road line mark as attribute data;

[0186] Analyze the CAD graph elements to automatically identify the opening surface and the road line. Check whether there is a predefined mark or attribute to represent the opening surface and the road line.

[0187] If the mark exists, it is extracted and converted into structured attribute data. Design the attribute data mode, including type (opening surface / road line), ID, length, etc.

[0188] If the mark does not exist, provide an interactive tool for the user to manually mark the opening surface and the road line. Automatically generate a unique identifier and allow the user to input additional information.

[0189] Associate the mark information with the corresponding graph elements to establish a one-to-one mapping relationship.

[0190] C5, generate a data list of the graph elements and the attribute data;

[0191] Design a unified data structure that contains the geometric information and attribute data of graphic elements. Use a suitable data format such as GeoJSON or a custom JSON structure. Traverse all CAD graphic elements and convert them to the selected data structure format. Include the processing of geometric types such as points, lines, and surfaces. Associate the previously processed attribute data such as open surface, road line identification, etc. with the geometric data. Create a list containing all processed data.

[0192] C6, upload the data list to the system or export it to the local:

[0193] If uploaded to the system, save the data list to the data storage module; and organize and index the data in the data storage module.

[0194] If exported to the local, export the data list as a GeoJSON format file.

[0195] Specifically, as shown in Figure 6 , in an embodiment of the present application, the process of data import, export and editing in the real scene lofting module is:

[0196] D1, open the image layer of oblique photography data;

[0197] D2, read the data list in the data storage module online, or import the data list of the GeoJSON format file; parse the GeoJSON file and convert the GeoJSON data into an internal data structure.

[0198] D3, process the data list according to user needs. If the user needs are element editing, execute step D4; if the user needs are partial upload, execute step D5; if the user needs are selective export, execute step D6; if the user needs are post-processing after export, execute step D7; specifically, display the user operation interface, realize the conditional judgment logic, and jump to the corresponding processing flow according to user selection.

[0199] D4, according to user needs, replace and save the selected graphic elements after interference point adjustment, or set the selected graphic elements as open surfaces, or set the selected graphic elements as road lines.

[0200] The process of interference point adjustment is:

[0201] D41, select a graphic element as an original interference element, draw an interference surface based on the original interference element, and take the data points on the interference surface as interference points.

[0202] D42, model according to the interference points as interference models.

[0203] Interpolation algorithms (such as Kriging) are used to create a continuous surface based on the interference points. A three-dimensional grid model is generated to represent the interference area.

[0204] D43, Obtain the elevation of the sticking points in the interference model.

[0205] Identify the sticking points on the interference model. Extract the elevation information of these points.

[0206] D44, Compare the elevation of the sticking points with the DEM data to determine whether the interference points need to be calibrated. If so, return to step D42 after calibration. If not, output the interference points as new interference features, update the graphic elements and replace the saved.

[0207] Automatically compare the elevation of the sticking points with the DEM data. Set a threshold to determine whether calibration is needed. If calibration is needed, provide automatic and manual calibration options. Update the graphic elements and save the modifications.

[0208] D5, According to user needs, upload part of the data in the data list; develop multi-selection tools to allow users to select the data items to be uploaded. Implement block upload to support large file processing. Show upload progress and status.

[0209] D6, According to user needs, export the data list as a whole, or select target graphic elements for export, or perform image selection on the image layer and export;

[0210] 1. Provide an option to export all data with one key. 2. Develop selection tools to allow users to specify the graphic elements to be exported. 3. Implement an interactive area selection tool to identify all elements within the selected area.

[0211] D7, After exporting the data list, perform positioning, visibility, editing or deletion according to user needs.

[0212] Specifically, the positioning function enables quick positioning to specified elements; the visibility function provides display / hide control at the layer or element level; the editing function enables geometric shape modification; the deletion function provides single or batch deletion of elements, as well as confirmation mechanism and undo options for deletion operations.

[0213] In this embodiment, data import and export and editing are supported. On the basis of editing function, modification of exported standard GeoJSON format file is supported, and the following functions are supported: 1) Customized export of foundation pit ramp uniform elevation layer, 2) Customized export of foundation pit slope, 3) Export of foundation pit working surface, 4) Export of foundation pit road line.

[0214] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the historical comparison analysis module is used to calculate the data of each construction site on the ground, such as excavation, filling volume, excavation / filling area, maximum / minimum elevation, and excavation / filling height, by using the oblique images of different time periods. The calculation of the parameters of the excavation work, area, height, maximum and minimum elevation of the selected area range of any oblique photography layer data is provided and saved by giving the excavation reference surface of the foundation pit and the opening line of the construction range. This function supports the calculation and statistical analysis of the parameters of the foundation pit work in different construction sites and different time intervals. Through this function, efficient report information export can be performed, and the work efficiency of collecting, processing, and analyzing the report information of the foundation pit excavation engineering work can be effectively improved.

[0215] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the historical playback module is used to play back the historical images of a certain key area, show the change process of the appearance of the water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering, provide image data of different periods and different parts, display the construction image, and form the comprehensive analysis function of the engineering progress report. In the design of this function, the following needs to be met: 1) save the viewpoint information list for the pre-specified position, range, and viewpoint; 2) provide automatic screenshots of the excavation surface under oblique photography for different dates, generate image sets according to the specifications of the software, upload them to the specified location of the server, and save them; 3) provide an image carousel interface, and users can select the engineering part and the start and end time to perform picture carousel; 4) provide a comic report display / output function, users can select the part and the start and end time, and batch display the image screenshots on the screen, and support export to various report documents or report table files, thereby meeting the needs of users in the comprehensive statistical analysis scenario.

[0216] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the data storage module uses Json as the data sharing and exchange method of the module and multiple modules. The extensibility of the Json field can ensure the best storage in the NoSQL mode, lay a foundation for storing the data available for drawing and comprehensive statistical analysis in MongoDB in the future; in addition, the uniqueness of the Json Key can ensure that the graphic elements are not repeated; Json can store three types of scene graphic properties, calculation results, and rendering parameters, ensuring that the comprehensive statistical analysis function group is loaded without errors and omissions.

[0217] In addition, please refer to Figure 7 The present application also provides a water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation engineering management method based on spatiotemporal information data, which is applied to the system described in any of the above embodiments and includes the following steps:

[0218] The original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data are format-processed and converted to obtain three-dimensional spatiotemporal data and oblique photography data.

[0219] Based on three-dimensional space-time data or oblique photography data, a three-dimensional model is established, and feature line processing is performed in a semi-supervised manner to optimize the three-dimensional model;

[0220] The file of the oblique photography data is managed, the ground engineering part range line and the view angle are defined, the engineering quantity of the excavation construction area of the foundation pit in each period is calculated based on the three-dimensional model, and the engineering quantity report is generated;

[0221] The real scene lofting processing of the oblique photography data is performed, including data plotting, data import and export, and editing;

[0222] The oblique photography data of different periods are compared, the engineering quantity change of different periods is calculated, multi-dimensional statistical analysis is performed, and the analysis report is generated;

[0223] The viewpoint information is managed, automatic screenshot and image carousel are performed, and the engineering progress report in the form of a comic strip is generated;

[0224] All data are stored in Json format.

[0225] Specifically, a specific embodiment is described:

[0226] I. Data processing

[0227] First, the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data are obtained, and the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data are processed in the same way. Taking the processing of the original two-dimensional data as an example:

[0228] The group code and the associated value of the file are read to obtain group data. The group data is traversed and analyzed to identify the file structure. Segment name identification is performed, including HEADER, CLASSES, TABLES, ENTITES and OBJECTS segments. Format information such as layer line type, coloring information, construction unit attribute information, etc. is extracted. The format information is sorted to obtain the sorted two-dimensional data. The source coordinate system is identified, the target coordinate system is defined, and the projection parameters are set. A coordinate converter is created, and each coordinate point is converted to obtain three-dimensional space-time data.

[0229] II. Three-dimensional model establishment and optimization

[0230] Then, based on the three-dimensional space-time data or the oblique photography data, a three-dimensional model is established, and feature line processing is performed:

[0231] High-precision DEM data is imported as reference terrain. Abnormal points are identified and adjusted by comparing feature lines and reference terrain. The three-dimensional model is corrected according to the adjusted feature lines. The corrected model is verified to ensure that all points are in the ground state. If necessary, repeat the adjustment process until the requirements are met. The optimized three-dimensional model is output.

[0232] III. Engineering quantity calculation and management

[0233] Define the excavation area: Choose the drawing method (polygon or rectangle) based on the scenario or import the excavation surface data; Determine the maximum and minimum elevations of the excavation area. Configure the calculation algorithm parameters and input the 3D model information. Calculate the quantities: Perform Thiessen polygon division on the excavation area; Perform triangular mesh division in combination with DEM data; Calculate the quantities (surface area, excavation volume, fill volume) of each grid cell; Accumulate the total quantities and the quantities of each Thiessen polygon. Generate the quantity report.

[0234] Four, real scene lofting processing

[0235] Data overlay: Open the image layer of the oblique photography data and the DXF file; Unify the coordinate system; Perform ground attachment processing or set a unified absolute elevation; Process the opening surface and road line marks; Generate a data list and upload or export. Data import, export and editing: Read or import the data list; Perform feature editing, partial upload, selective export or post-export processing according to user requirements; Adjust interference points.

[0236] Five, historical comparison and analysis

[0237] Collect oblique photography data at different time periods. Compare and analyze data at different periods: Calculate the quantity changes; Perform multi-dimensional statistical analysis (such as progress, efficiency, cost, etc.). Generate analysis reports, including charts, trend analysis, etc.

[0238] Six, engineering progress visualization

[0239] Management of viewpoint information: Define key perspectives and observation points; Set the viewpoint switching order and time interval. Automatic screenshot: Automatically capture scene images according to the set viewpoint information; Set the screenshot resolution and format. Image carousel: Organize the captured images in chronological order; Set the carousel effect and duration. Generate a comic-style engineering progress report: Combine the carousel images with engineering progress data; Add text explanations and progress indicators; Generate a visual progress report.

[0240] Seven, data storage

[0241] Convert all processed data to JSON format. Design the JSON structure, including metadata, geometric data, attribute data, etc. Implement data serialization and deserialization. Establish data indexing to optimize query efficiency. Implement data version control and backup mechanisms.

[0242] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation project management system based on spatiotemporal information data, characterized by: include: a data processing module configured to perform format processing and conversion on the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data to obtain three-dimensional spatiotemporal data and oblique photography data; a feature processing module configured to establish a three-dimensional model based on the three-dimensional spatiotemporal data or oblique photography data, and perform feature line processing in a semi-supervised manner to optimize the three-dimensional model; A quantity calculation module configured to perform quantity calculations on the foundation pit construction area based on a three-dimensional model; The data storage module is configured to store all data in Json format; The real scene layout module is configured to perform real scene layout processing on oblique photography data, including data mapping, data import and export, and editing; The historical comparison and analysis module is configured to compare oblique photography data from different time periods, calculate the changes in engineering quantities in different periods, conduct multi-dimensional statistical analysis, and generate analysis reports; A historical playback module, which is configured to manage viewpoint information, automatically take screenshots and play images in a carousel, and generate a comic-strip-style project progress report; The data processing module processes raw 2D data and raw oblique photography data in the same way. The processing flow of raw 2D data is as follows: S1: Get the original 2D data file; S2: Call the interface program to read the group code and associated value of the file to obtain the group data; S3: traverse and analyze the group data to determine whether the current group data is at the end of the file or the analysis result is an error. If so, end the processing flow; if not, execute step S4; S4: Identify the segment names of the group data, including the HEADER segment, CLASSES segment, TABLES segment, ENTITES segment, and OBJECTS segment; S5: Obtaining the file format information according to the segment name recognition result, including layer line type, shading information, construction unit attribute information and unit entity segment name; S6: calling the interface program to sort out the format information of the file and obtain sorted two-dimensional data; S7: Identify the source coordinate system of the 2D data, define the target coordinate system, create source and target system objects, and set projection parameters; S8: creating a converter based on the source coordinate system and the target coordinate system, performing coordinate transformation on each coordinate point of the two-dimensional data, and obtaining three-dimensional spatiotemporal data; The process of feature line processing is as follows: A1. Import high-precision DEM data as a reference terrain, display and compare the feature lines with the reference terrain, and identify and adjust abnormal points in the feature lines based on the reference terrain. A2. Correct the 3D model based on the adjusted feature lines and verify the corrected 3D model. If all points are in contact with the ground, correction is complete and the optimized 3D model is output. If any points are not in contact with the ground, return to step A1 for further adjustment. The process of engineering quantity calculation is: B1. Determine whether to draw the foundation pit construction area based on the scene. If yes, go to step B2; if not, go to step B3. B2. Select a drawing mode, either polygonal or rectangular. Use the drawing mode to draw the foundation pit construction area, determine the maximum and minimum elevations of the foundation pit construction area, and determine whether it is in edit mode. If so, perform elevation correction and then proceed to step B4. If not, proceed directly to step B4. B3. Import the excavation surface data, read the foundation pit construction area, and determine whether it is in edit mode. If so, determine the maximum and minimum elevations of the foundation pit construction area and execute step B4. If not, directly execute step B4. B4. Configure the calculation algorithm parameters and input the 3D model information; B5. Calculate the engineering quantity of the foundation pit construction area. The engineering quantity is quantified and calculated based on the volume enclosed by the boundaries of the foundation pit construction area. Step B5 includes: B51. Draw polygons based on the boundaries of the foundation pit construction area and perform Thiessen polygon division on the polygons. B52. Combine the DEM data and divide the foundation pit construction area into triangular grids to obtain multiple grid cells; B53, traverse each grid cell and calculate the engineering quantity of the grid cell based on the DEM data, including the surface area of ​​the working surface, the volume of cut and the volume of fill; B54. Add up the cut volume and fill volume, and take the sum of the surface areas of all grid cells as the total surface area; B55. For each Thiessen polygon, determine all the grid cells it contains, and add up the cut volume, fill volume, and surface area as the engineering quantity of the Thiessen polygon; B56. Output the overall engineering quantity of the foundation pit construction area; Step B53 includes: B531. The grid unit is approximately a triangular prism, which is composed of a triangular prism and a quadrangular pyramid. The base of the triangular prism is a triangle with an area of ​​S, and the top of the quadrangular pyramid is a ground triangle with the elevation values ​​of its three vertices being a, b, and c respectively. B532. Set the design elevation to h and calculate the elevation difference between the three vertices and the design elevation: Δh1=ah Δh2=bh Δh3=ch B533. Calculate the average elevation difference Δh based on the elevation differences between the three vertices and the design elevation. avg : Dh avg =(Δh1+Δh2+Δh3) / 3 B534. Calculate the volume V of the grid cell based on the average elevation difference and area S: V=S×Δh avg B535. Determine whether V is the cut volume or the fill volume: If Δh avg >0, then V is positive, which represents the excavation volume; If Δh avg <0, then V is negative, which represents the fill volume.

2. The water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation project management system based on spatiotemporal information data according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the real scene layout module, the process of mapping the oblique photography data is as follows: C1. Open the image layer of the oblique photography data and the DXF file containing the design graphics at the same time, and read the graphic elements in the file; C2. Read the preset projection configuration information from the system configuration to keep the coordinate system consistent; C3. Determine whether to perform ground-based processing. If so, adjust the elevation of the graphic elements according to the image layer. If not, set all graphic elements to a unified absolute elevation. C4. Determine whether an opening surface or road line identification exists. If so, use the existing identification as attribute data. If not, add a new opening surface or road line identification and use it as attribute data. C5. Generate a data list of graphic elements and attribute data; C6. Upload the data list to the system or export it to the local computer: If uploaded to the system, the data list will be saved in the data storage module; If exported to local, the data list will be exported as a GeoJSON format file.

3. The water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation project management system based on spatiotemporal information data according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the real scene stakeout module, the process of data import, export and editing is as follows: D1. Open the image layer of oblique photography data; D2. Read the data list in the data storage module online, or import the data list in GeoJSON format file; D3. Process the data list according to user needs. If the user needs to edit the elements, execute step D4. If the user needs to upload the elements, execute step D5. If the user needs to export the elements, execute step D6. If the user needs to process the elements after exporting, execute step D7. D4. According to user needs, the selected graphic element is adjusted for interference points and then replaced and saved, or the selected graphic element is set as an opening surface, or the selected graphic element is set as a road line; D5. Upload some data from the data list according to user needs; D6. Based on user needs, export the entire data list, select target graphic elements to export, or select and export images on the image layer; D7. After exporting the data list, locate, show, hide, edit or delete it according to user needs.

4. The water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation project management system based on spatiotemporal information data according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step D4, the process of adjusting the interference point is as follows: D41. Select a graphic element as the original interference element, draw an interference surface based on the original interference element, and use the data points on the interference surface as interference points; D42, modeling based on the interference points as an interference model; D43, obtain the elevation of the location in the interference model; D44. Compare the elevation of the location with the DEM data to determine whether the interference point needs to be calibrated. If so, calibrate the interference point and return to step D42. If not, output the interference point as a new interference element, update the graphic element, and then replace and save it.

5. A water conservancy and hydropower foundation pit excavation project management method based on spatiotemporal information data, characterized in that: The method is applied to the system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the method comprises the following steps: Processing and converting the original two-dimensional data and the original oblique photography data to obtain three-dimensional spatiotemporal data and oblique photography data; Build a 3D model based on 3D spatiotemporal data or oblique photography data, and use a semi-supervised approach to process feature lines to optimize the 3D model. Manage oblique photography data files, define the scope lines and viewing angles of ground engineering parts, calculate the engineering quantities of foundation pit excavation construction areas at each time period based on the 3D model, and generate engineering quantity reports; Perform real-scene stakeout processing on oblique photography data, including data mapping, data import and export, and editing; Compare oblique photography data from different periods, calculate changes in engineering quantities in different periods, conduct multi-dimensional statistical analysis, and generate analysis reports; Manage viewpoint information, automatically take screenshots and play video carousels, and generate comic-style project progress reports; All data is stored in Json format.

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