A comprehensive benefit allocation method for raw water reservoirs considering multiple stakeholders

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for allocating the comprehensive benefits of a raw water reservoir group taking into account multiple stakeholders, and belongs to the field of water resource utilization. The technical problem to be solved is: on the basis of the raw water reservoir group giving priority to satisfying the water demand of the water use unit and secondly maximizing the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir group, the actual contribution of a single reservoir to a single cascade reservoir is rarely considered for the raw water reservoir group, and the comprehensive benefit compensation of a single cascade reservoir to the entire cascade reservoir group is less studied. On the premise of giving priority to the water supply guarantee rate of the reservoir, the present invention also takes into account the comprehensive benefits of the water supply and power generation of the reservoir; the Shapley value method and the benefit increment method are used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of each cascade and a single reservoir, and the actual contribution of a single cascade reservoir and the comprehensive benefit compensation of a single cascade reservoir to the entire cascade reservoir group can be quantified. Thereby, the enthusiasm for the joint dispatch of multiple reservoirs is improved, which in turn helps to improve the comprehensive benefits of the cascade development of the entire basin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of water resource utilization, and in particular to a method for allocating comprehensive benefits of a raw water reservoir group taking multiple stakeholders into consideration. Background Art

[0002] Urban raw water reservoirs are comprehensive reservoirs that are mainly used for flood control and water supply, and also have functions such as power generation, agricultural irrigation, and ecological water replenishment. When jointly dispatching a group of raw water reservoirs, it is necessary not only to consider the water volume dispatch of multiple water sources, but also to take into account the power generation benefits generated by the joint dispatch of the reservoir group. However, problems such as unequal interests and unreasonable benefit distribution will seriously affect the enthusiasm for the joint dispatch of the reservoir group, which is not conducive to the cascade development of the entire basin and the improvement of the overall comprehensive benefits. Therefore, considering the actual contribution value of the interests represented by different reservoirs is of great significance to improving the enthusiasm for the joint dispatch of the reservoir group and maximizing the comprehensive benefit goals of the joint dispatch of the reservoir group.

[0003] At present, in the research on the benefit allocation of multiple stakeholders, there are mainly multi-objective comprehensive analysis method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, entropy weight method, deviation balance method and cooperative game method. However, the existing methods are mostly limited to the single benefit research of water supply or power generation of reservoir groups, and rarely consider the comprehensive benefit research of reservoir groups; moreover, in the existing methods, there are few studies on the actual contribution of a single reservoir to a single cascade reservoir, and the quantification and allocation of the comprehensive benefit compensation of a single cascade reservoir to the entire cascade reservoir group. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the existing technical problems: on the basis of giving priority to satisfying the water demand of water-using units and secondly maximizing the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir group, the raw water reservoir group rarely considers the actual contribution of a single reservoir to a single cascade reservoir, and there is little research on the comprehensive benefit compensation of a single cascade reservoir group to the entire cascade reservoir group. The present invention proposes a benefit allocation method of the Shapley value method-benefit increment method considering multiple benefit subjects. This method can quantify and apportion the actual contribution value of a single cascade and a single reservoir, improve the enthusiasm for the joint dispatch of multiple reservoirs, and help to improve the comprehensive benefits of the cascade development of the entire basin.

[0005] In summary, the purpose of the present invention is to address the gap in the research on comprehensive benefit distribution of actual contribution values ​​of multiple stakeholders in raw water reservoir groups, and to provide a comprehensive benefit distribution method for raw water reservoir groups that takes multiple stakeholders into consideration, thereby solving the aforementioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A comprehensive benefit allocation method for raw water reservoirs considering multiple stakeholders, including:

[0008] Step 1: obtain the actual water supply of different cascade reservoir groups and the actual water consumption of water-using units;

[0009] Step 2: determining an objective function, wherein the objective function includes a primary objective of maximizing the water supply guarantee rate and a secondary objective of maximizing the comprehensive benefit;

[0010] Step 3: determine the constraints, which include: water level constraints, flow constraints, output constraints and water balance constraints;

[0011] Step 4: Calculate the comprehensive benefits of reservoir operation;

[0012] Step 5: Use the Shapley value method to calculate the comprehensive benefits of each level;

[0013] Step six: Use the benefit increment method to calculate the comprehensive benefits of a single reservoir.

[0014] Preferably, the step 1, determining the actual water supply of different cascade reservoir groups and the actual water consumption of water-using units, specifically includes:

[0015] Assume there are n cascade reservoir groups, each of which consists of n i The first cascade reservoir group consists of (i=1,2,…,m) reservoirs, among which the reservoirs in the first cascade reservoir group are numbered 1-1,1-2,…,1-n respectively. 1 ; The reservoirs in the second cascade reservoir group are numbered 2-1, 2-2, …, 2-n 2 ; The reservoirs in the mth cascade reservoir group are numbered m-1, m-2, …, mn m ; Then, the actual water demand of each reservoir corresponding to the generalized water use unit is The actual water supply of each reservoir is The actual water supply of m cascade reservoirs is S 1 ,S 2 ,…S m , the total actual water supply of the cascade reservoirs in the basin is S; the corresponding expressions are:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, S i is the actual water supply of the i-th cascade reservoir group; S 1 is the actual water supply of the first cascade reservoir group; S 2 is the actual water supply of the second cascade reservoir group; S m is the actual water supply of the mth cascade reservoir group; S is the total actual water supply of the cascade reservoir group in the basin;

[0018]

[0019] Where D i is the actual water demand of the ith cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water use unit; D 1 is the actual water demand of the first cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water use unit; D 2 is the actual water demand of the second cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water use unit; D m is the actual water demand of the mth cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water-using unit; D is the actual water demand of the generalized water-using unit.

[0020] Preferably, the step 2, determining the objective function, specifically includes:

[0021] The raw water reservoir is a reservoir that mainly supplies water and also takes power generation into consideration. In order to give priority to ensuring water supply security, the objective function set includes the main objective of the highest water supply guarantee rate and the secondary objective of the greatest comprehensive benefit;

[0022] Taking the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade as an example (1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n), the objective function of its dispatch is:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, S i-j is the actual water supply of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade; D i-j is the water demand of the jth reservoir at the i-th cascade corresponding to the generalized water use unit; G w,i-j is the water supply guarantee rate of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade; B c,i-j,t ,B w,i-j,t ,B g,i-j,t They are the comprehensive benefits, water supply benefits and power generation benefits of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade in the t-th period, unit: 10,000 yuan;

[0025] Taking the i-th level as an example (1≤i≤m), its scheduling objective function is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, S i is the actual water supply of the ith cascade; D i is the water demand of the i-th cascade corresponding to the generalized water use unit; G w,i is the water supply guarantee rate of the ith cascade; B c,i,t ,B w,i,t ,B g,i,t They are the comprehensive benefits, water supply benefits and power generation benefits of the tth period of the ith cascade, unit: 10,000 yuan;

[0028] Taking the basin reservoir group as an example, the objective function of its dispatch is:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, G w B is the water supply guarantee rate of the reservoir group in the basin; c,t ,B w,t ,B g,t They are respectively the comprehensive benefit, water supply benefit and power generation benefit of the basin reservoir group in the tth period, unit: ten thousand yuan.

[0031] Preferably, the step three, determining the constraint conditions, specifically includes:

[0032] In the joint operation of a group of reservoirs, the constraints to be satisfied include: water level constraint, flow constraint, output constraint and water balance constraint. The corresponding expressions are shown in equations (8) to (12):

[0033] The expression of water level constraint is:

[0034] L i-j,t,min ≤L i-j,t ≤L i-j,t,max (8)

[0035] The expression of flow constraint is:

[0036] Q i-j,t,min ≤Q i-j,t ≤Q i-j,t,max (9)

[0037] Output constraint expression:

[0038] N i-j,t,min ≤N i-j,t ≤N i-j,t,max (10)

[0039] Where, L i-j,t,min ,L i-j,t,max are the minimum and maximum limit water levels of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade in the t-th period, respectively; Q i-j,t,min ,Q i-j,t,max are the minimum and maximum flow limits of the jth reservoir in the tth period of the i-th cascade; N i-j,t,min ,N i-j,t,max are the minimum and maximum restricted outputs of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade at the t-th period, respectively;

[0040] The expression of water balance constraint is:

[0041] When the reservoir's water supply target conflicts with its power generation target:

[0042] V i-j,t+1 =V i-j,t +3600(I i-j,t -Gi-j,t -W i-j,t -S i-j,t )×ΔT t (11)

[0043] When the reservoir's water supply target does not conflict with its power generation target:

[0044]

[0045] Where V i-j,t is the storage capacity of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade in the t-th period, V i-j,t+1 I is the storage capacity of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade in the t+1th period; i-j,t ,G i-j,t ,W i-j,t ,S i-j,t is the inflow, power generation, water supply and water abandonment of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade at the t-th period; Q i-j,t is the discharge flow of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade in the t+1th period.

[0046] Preferably, the step 4, calculating the comprehensive benefits of reservoir operation, specifically includes:

[0047] Take the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade as an example (1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n i ), the water supply benefit corresponding to its dispatch is B w,i-j and power generation efficiency B g,i-j The expression is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula, Q w,i-j ,Q g,i-j are the water supply flow and power generation flow of the reservoir, respectively, in cubic meters per second; T w ,T g are the water supply period and power generation period of the reservoir, unit: day; P w is the water supply price of the reservoir group, unit: yuan / ton; P g is the electricity price of the reservoir group, unit: yuan / kWh;

[0050] Taking the i-th cascade as an example (1≤i≤m), the water supply benefit B corresponding to its scheduling is w,i and power generation efficiency B g,i The expression is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, B w,i For water supply efficiency, B g,i For power generation efficiency;

[0053] Taking the reservoir group in the basin as an example, the water supply benefit B corresponding to its dispatching is w and power generation efficiency B g The expression is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, B w For water supply efficiency, B g For power generation efficiency.

[0056] Preferably, the step 5 uses the Shapley value method to calculate the comprehensive benefits of each level, specifically including:

[0057] Taking the basin reservoir group as the research object, a single cascade is selected as the dispatching unit. When i (0≤i≤m) cascades are dispatched separately, the comprehensive benefits of each cascade are B c,1 ,B c,2 ,…,B c,m , the comprehensive benefit of the basin is B c ; When m cascades are jointly dispatched, the comprehensive benefits of each cascade are B c,1 ',B c,2 ',…,B c,m ', at this time the comprehensive benefit of the basin is B c ';So

[0058]

[0059] After using the Shapley value method, the comprehensive benefit of the i-th ladder is Its expression is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, S i is the set of all subsets of I that contain member i, |s| is the number of elements in set s, ω(|s|) is the weighting factor, and ω(|s|)=(|s|-1)!(n-|s|)! / n!.

[0062] Then, the comprehensive benefits of individual scheduling, joint scheduling, and the use of the Shapley value method for m levels are shown in the following table:

[0063] The comprehensive benefits of the i-th stage's individual dispatch, joint dispatch and Shapley value method

[0064]

[0065] Preferably, the step six uses the benefit increment method to calculate the comprehensive benefits of a single reservoir, specifically including:

[0066] The i-th (0≤i≤m) cascade is taken as the research object, and a single reservoir is selected as the dispatching unit. i When the three reservoirs are separately dispatched, the comprehensive benefits of each reservoir are At this time, the comprehensive benefit of the i-th ladder is B c,i ; When j reservoirs are jointly dispatched, the comprehensive benefits of each reservoir are At this time, the comprehensive benefit of the i-th ladder is B c,i ", that is So

[0067]

[0068] After using the benefit increment method, the comprehensive benefit of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade is Its expression is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] Then, the comprehensive benefits of the individual dispatch, joint dispatch, and benefit increment method of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade are shown in the following table:

[0071] The comprehensive benefits of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade under separate operation, joint operation and benefit increment method

[0072]

[0073] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: under the premise of giving priority to the water supply guarantee rate of the reservoir, the comprehensive benefits of the water supply and power generation of the reservoir are taken into account at the same time; the Shapley value method and the benefit increment method are used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of each cascade and a single reservoir. This method can quantify the actual contribution of a single cascade reservoir and the comprehensive benefit compensation of a single cascade reservoir to the entire cascade reservoir group. Thereby, the enthusiasm for the joint dispatch of multiple reservoirs is improved, which in turn helps to improve the comprehensive benefits of the cascade development of the entire basin. The present invention adopts an innovative method and provides a new technical means for the field of water resources utilization. The method can be widely used in different basins and has strong practicality and promotion value. It not only improves the comprehensive benefits of water supply and power generation, but also promotes coordination and cooperation among various reservoirs, and improves the development and utilization rate of the entire basin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] Figure 1 It is a generalized map of water supply from urban raw water reservoirs;

[0076] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the joint dispatching of three reservoirs in Ningbo;

[0077] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of the method steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following Figure 1-3 It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0080] The Baixi, Xixi and Huangtan reservoirs in Ningbo were selected as the research objects. The Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs and the Baixi reservoir jointly supply water to the downstream water plant. Assume that the daily water demand of the downstream water plant is 600,000 tons, the daily water supply of the Baixi reservoir is 500,000 tons, and the daily water supply of the Xixi-Huangtan cascade is 100,000 tons. When the three reservoirs are jointly dispatched, the daily water supply of the Baixi and Xixi-Huangtan cascade is 600,000 tons. The current example water plant draws water from the lower part of the Baixi reservoir and the upper part of the Huangtan reservoir. The basic characteristic parameters of the three reservoirs are shown in Table 1, and the schematic diagram of the three reservoirs supplying water to the downstream water plant is shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0081] Table 1 Basic characteristic parameters of three reservoirs in Ningbo

[0082]

[0083] First, a dispatching model for the three reservoirs in Ningbo to jointly supply water to the downstream water plant is constructed. The selected dispatching target is to maximize the comprehensive benefits of water supply and power generation of the three reservoirs under the premise of ensuring water supply security (i.e., the water supply deficit in the basin is 0). The objective function for maximizing the comprehensive benefits determined in this paper is:

[0084]

[0085] Where: i represents the number of reservoirs; B w,i , B g,i , B c,i They respectively represent the water supply benefit, power generation benefit and comprehensive benefit of the ith reservoir, unit: ten thousand yuan.

[0086] The corresponding calculation formulas for water supply benefit and power generation benefit are:

[0087]

[0088] Where: B w,i , B g,i Respectively represent the water supply benefit and power generation benefit of the i-th reservoir, unit: 10,000 yuan; Q w,iRepresents the water supply flow of the i-th reservoir, unit: m 3 / s; N g,i represents the average output of the i-th reservoir, unit: kW; P w , P g Respectively represent water price and electricity price, the unit is: Yuan / m 3 , yuan / kWh; D w , D g Respectively represent the number of days for water supply and power generation, unit: day.

[0089] Considering the constraints in the dispatching model, in addition to the water level, flow and output constraints of the reservoir, the water balance constraints of the reservoir are mainly considered. When taking water from the reservoir, the water supply and power generation goals of the reservoir conflict, and the corresponding water balance constraints are:

[0090] V i,j+1 =V i,j +3600(I i,j -G i,j -W i,j -D i,j )×ΔT j (3)

[0091] Where: V i,j 、V i,j+1 Represents the storage capacity of the i-th reservoir at the j-th and j+1-th time, unit: m 3 ; ΔT j Indicates the time interval of the jth moment, unit: h; I i,j , G i,j , W i,j , D i,j Respectively represent the inflow, power generation, water supply and water abandonment of the i-th reservoir at the j-th moment, unit: m 3 / s.

[0092] When taking water from the reservoir, the water supply and power generation objectives of the reservoir do not conflict, and the corresponding water balance constraint is:

[0093]

[0094] Where V i,j 、V i,j+1 V i,j 、V i,j+1 Represents the storage capacity of the i-th reservoir at the j-th and j+1-th time, unit: m 3 ; ΔT j Indicates the time interval of the jth moment, unit: h; I i,j , D i,j Respectively represent the inflow and water discharge of the i-th reservoir at the j-th moment, unit: m3 / s.Q i,j Indicates the larger value of the water supply flow and power generation flow of the i-th reservoir at the j-th moment, unit: m 3 / s.

[0095] Secondly, the Baixi Reservoir and the Xixi-Huangtan cascade are taken as two interest entities, the water levels at the beginning and end of the year of the three reservoirs are set to normal water storage levels, and the multi-year average water inflow of the reservoirs is selected as the water inflow process of the reservoirs. The comprehensive benefits generated by the two interest entities when they are dispatched separately and jointly are calculated. The water supply benefits, power generation benefits and comprehensive benefits generated by the three reservoirs under different dispatching modes are shown in Table 2.

[0096] Table 2 Benefits of three reservoirs in Ningbo under different dispatching modes

[0097]

[0098] It can be seen from Table 2 that when the Baixi Reservoir and the Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs are separately dispatched, the comprehensive benefits generated are 104.82 million yuan and 28.16 million yuan respectively; when the Baixi Reservoir and the Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs are jointly dispatched, the comprehensive benefits generated are 118.12 million yuan and 20.18 million yuan respectively.

[0099] Subsequently, the Shapley value method is used to calculate the contribution of a single cascade to the comprehensive benefits of the entire reservoir group, that is, to calculate the comprehensive benefits actually allocated to the Baixi Reservoir and the Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs. When two stakeholders participate in reservoir scheduling, the comprehensive benefits are allocated according to the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, l(Bai) and l(Xi-Huang) represent the comprehensive benefits generated by the separate dispatch of Baixi Reservoir and Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs, respectively, and the unit is 10,000 yuan; l(Bai-Xi-Huang) represents the comprehensive benefits generated by the joint dispatch of Baixi Reservoir and Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs, and the unit is 10,000 yuan. They respectively represent the actual allocated comprehensive benefits of Baixi Reservoir and Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs, unit: ten thousand yuan.

[0102] Corresponding to the above formula, the comprehensive benefit generated by the Baixi Reservoir is 107.48 million yuan, and the comprehensive benefit generated by the Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs is 30.82 million yuan.

[0103] At this time, the comprehensive benefits of Xixi Reservoir, Huangtan Reservoir and Xixi-Huangtan cascade reservoirs under different dispatching modes are shown in Table 3.

[0104] Table 3 Comprehensive benefits of Xixi, Huangtan, and Xixi-Huangtan cascades under different dispatching modes

[0105]

[0106] Subsequently, the benefit increment method is used to calculate the comprehensive benefit contribution of a single reservoir to a single cascade, that is, to calculate the comprehensive benefits actually distributed by Xixi Reservoir and Huangtan Reservoir. When Xixi Reservoir and Huangtan Reservoir form a stakeholder, the comprehensive benefits are distributed according to the following formula:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, B c,i It represents the comprehensive benefit of the single operation of the i-th reservoir, unit: 10,000 yuan; ΔB c It represents the difference between the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir when it is independently dispatched and the comprehensive benefits when it is jointly dispatched, unit: 10,000 yuan; B c It represents the comprehensive benefits of the cascade reservoir when it is dispatched separately, unit: 10,000 yuan; B' c It represents the comprehensive benefits of the cascade reservoirs when the Shapley value method is used, unit: 10,000 yuan. B' c,i It represents the comprehensive benefit of the i-th reservoir in the cascade reservoirs when the Shapley value method is used, unit: ten thousand yuan.

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, B" c,xi It represents the comprehensive benefits of Xixi Reservoir after considering the distribution of multiple stakeholders (i.e. using the benefit increment method), unit: 10,000 yuan; B" c,huang It represents the comprehensive benefit of Huangtan Reservoir after considering the distribution among multiple stakeholders (i.e. using the benefit increment method), unit: 10,000 yuan.

[0111] According to the above formula, the comprehensive benefits of Xixi Reservoir are 0.0706 billion yuan, and the comprehensive benefits of Huangtan Reservoir are 0.2376 billion yuan. Compared with the single dispatch mode, the comprehensive benefits of Xixi Reservoir and Huangtan Reservoir using the benefit increment method increased by 0.0061 billion yuan and 0.0205 billion yuan respectively.

[0112] Therefore, the comprehensive benefits of the three reservoirs under separate dispatch, joint dispatch, and Shapley value-benefit increment method are shown in Table 4.

[0113] Table 4 Comprehensive benefits of the three reservoirs under different dispatching modes

[0114]

[0115] By adopting the above technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

[0116] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: on the premise of giving priority to the water supply guarantee rate of the reservoir, the comprehensive benefits of the water supply and power generation of the reservoir are taken into account at the same time; the Shapley value method and the benefit increment method are used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of each cascade and a single reservoir. This method can quantify the actual contribution of a single cascade reservoir and the comprehensive benefit compensation of a single cascade reservoir to the entire cascade reservoir group. Thereby, the enthusiasm for the joint dispatch of multiple reservoirs is improved, which in turn helps to improve the comprehensive benefits of the cascade development of the entire basin. The present invention adopts innovative methods and strategies and provides new technical means for the field of water resources utilization. This technology can be widely used in different basins and has strong practicality and promotion value. It not only improves the comprehensive benefits of water supply and power generation, but also promotes coordination and cooperation among various reservoirs and improves the development and utilization rate of the entire basin.

[0117] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for allocating comprehensive benefits of a raw water reservoir group considering multiple stakeholders, characterized in that: include: Step 1: obtain the actual water supply of different cascade reservoir groups and the actual water consumption of water-using units; Step 2: determining an objective function, wherein the objective function includes a primary objective of maximizing the water supply guarantee rate and a secondary objective of maximizing the comprehensive benefit; The step 2 specifically includes: The raw water reservoir is a reservoir that mainly supplies water and also takes power generation into consideration. In order to give priority to ensuring water supply security, the objective function set includes the main objective of the highest water supply guarantee rate and the secondary objective of the greatest comprehensive benefit; Taking the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade as an example, 1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n, its dispatch objective function is: （5） In the formula, S i-j is the actual water supply of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade; D i-j G is the water demand of the jth reservoir at the i-th cascade corresponding to the generalized water use unit; w,i-j is the water supply guarantee rate of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade; B c,i-j,t ,B w,i-j,t ,B g,i-j,t are the comprehensive benefit, water supply benefit and power generation benefit of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade at the t-th period respectively; Taking the i-th level as an example, 1≤i≤m, its scheduling objective function is: （6） In the formula, S i is the actual water supply of the ith cascade; D i is the water demand of the i-th cascade corresponding to the generalized water use unit; G w,i is the water supply guarantee rate of the ith cascade; B c,i,t ,B w,i,t ,B g,i,t are the comprehensive benefit, water supply benefit and power generation benefit of the ith cascade in the tth period respectively; Taking the basin reservoir group as an example, the objective function of its dispatch is: （7） In the formula, G w B is the water supply guarantee rate of the reservoir group in the basin; c,t ,B w,t ,B g,t They are the comprehensive benefit, water supply benefit and power generation benefit of the reservoir group in the basin in the tth period respectively; Step 3: determine the constraints, which include: water level constraints, flow constraints, output constraints and water balance constraints; The step three specifically includes: In the joint operation of a group of reservoirs, the constraints that must be met include: water level constraint, flow constraint, output constraint and water balance constraint, and their corresponding expressions are shown in Equations 8 to 12: The expression of water level constraint is: （8） The expression of flow constraint is: （9） Output constraint expression: （10） Where, L i-j,t,min ,L i-j,t,max are the minimum and maximum limit water levels of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade in the t-th period, respectively; Q i-j,t,min ,Q i-j,t,max are the minimum and maximum flow limits of the jth reservoir in the tth period of the i-th cascade; N i-j,t,min ,N i-j,t,max are the minimum and maximum restricted outputs of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade at the t-th period, respectively; The expression of water balance constraint is: When the reservoir's water supply target conflicts with its power generation target: （11） When the reservoir's water supply target does not conflict with its power generation target: （12） Where V i-j,t is the storage capacity of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade at the t-th period, V i-j,t+1 I is the storage capacity of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade in the t+1th period; i-j,t ,G i-j,t ,W i-j,t ,S i-j,t is the inflow, power generation, water supply and water abandonment of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade at the t-th period; Q i-j,t is the discharge flow of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade in the t+1th period; Step 4: Calculate the comprehensive benefits of reservoir operation; Step 5: Use the Shapley value method to calculate the comprehensive benefits of each level; The step five specifically includes: Taking the basin reservoir group as the research object, a single cascade is selected as the dispatching unit, 0≤i≤m. When i cascades are dispatched separately, the comprehensive benefits of each cascade are B c,1 ,B c,2 ,…,B c,m , the comprehensive benefit of the basin is B c ; When m cascades are jointly dispatched, the comprehensive benefits of each cascade are B c,1 ' ,B c,2 ' ,…,B c,m ' , the comprehensive benefit of the basin is B c ' ;So ， After using the Shapley value method, the comprehensive benefit of the i-th ladder is φ i (v), which is expressed as follows: （16） In the formula, S i is the set of all subsets of I that contain member i, |s| is the number of elements in set s, ω(|s|) is the weighting factor, and ω(|s|)=(|s|-1)!(n-|s|)! / n! The comprehensive benefits of individual scheduling, joint scheduling, and the Shapley value method for m levels are obtained: ； Step six: Use the benefit increment method to calculate the comprehensive benefits of a single reservoir.

2. The method for allocating comprehensive benefits of raw water reservoirs considering multiple stakeholders according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step 1 specifically includes: Assume there are n cascade reservoir groups, each of which consists of n i The cascade reservoirs are composed of reservoirs, i=1,2,…,m, where the reservoirs of the first cascade reservoir group are numbered 1-1,1-2,…,1-n1; the reservoirs of the second cascade reservoir group are numbered 2-1,2-2,…,2-n2; the reservoirs of the mth cascade reservoir group are numbered m-1,m-2,…,mn m ; Then, the actual water demand of each reservoir corresponding to the generalized water use unit is D 1-1 ,D 1-2 ,…D 1-n1 ;D 2-1 ,D 2-2 ,…D 2-n2 ;D m-1 ,D m-2 ,…D m-nm ; The actual water supply of each reservoir is S 1-1 ,S 1-2 ,…,S 1-n1 ; S 2-1 ,S 2-2 ,…,S 2-n2 ; S m-1 ,S m-2 ,…S m-nm ; The actual water supply of the m cascade reservoirs is S1, S2, … S m , the total actual water supply of the cascade reservoirs in the basin is S; the corresponding expressions are: （1） （2） In the formula, S i is the actual water supply of the i-th cascade reservoir group; S1 is the actual water supply of the first cascade reservoir group; S2 is the actual water supply of the second cascade reservoir group; S m is the actual water supply of the mth cascade reservoir group; S is the total actual water supply of the cascade reservoir group in the basin; （3） （4） Where D i is the actual water demand of the ith cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water use unit; D1 is the actual water demand of the first cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water use unit; D2 is the actual water demand of the second cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water use unit; D m is the actual water demand of the mth cascade reservoir group corresponding to the generalized water-using unit; D is the actual water demand of the generalized water-using unit.

3. The method for allocating comprehensive benefits of raw water reservoirs considering multiple stakeholders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 specifically includes: Taking the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade as an example, 1≤i≤m,1≤j≤n i , the water supply benefit corresponding to its dispatch is B w,i-j and power generation efficiency B g,i-j The expression is as follows: （13） In the formula, Q w,i-j ,Q g,i-j are the water supply flow and power generation flow of the reservoir, respectively, in cubic meters per second; T w ,T g are the water supply period and power generation period of the reservoir, unit: day; P w is the water supply price of the reservoir group, unit: yuan / ton; P g is the electricity price of the reservoir group, unit: yuan / kWh; Taking the i-th cascade as an example, 1≤i≤m, the water supply benefit B corresponding to its scheduling is w,i and power generation efficiency B g,i The expression is as follows: （14） In the formula, B w,i For water supply efficiency, B g,i For power generation efficiency; Taking the reservoir group in the basin as an example, the water supply benefit B corresponding to its dispatching is w and power generation efficiency B g The expression is as follows: （15） In the formula, B w For water supply efficiency, B g For power generation efficiency.

4. The method for allocating comprehensive benefits of raw water reservoirs considering multiple stakeholders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step six specifically includes: 0≤i≤m, taking the i-th cascade as the research object, selecting a single reservoir as the dispatching unit, 0≤j≤n i , when j reservoirs are separately dispatched, the comprehensive benefits of each reservoir are B c,i,1 ,B c,i,2 ,…,B c,i,ni , at this time, the comprehensive benefit of the i-th ladder is B c,i ; When j reservoirs are jointly dispatched, the comprehensive benefits of each reservoir are B c,i,1 ＂ ,B c,i,2 ＂ ,…,B c,i,ni ＂ , at this time, the comprehensive benefit of the i-th ladder is B c,i ＂ , which is φ i (v); then （17） After using the benefit increment method, the comprehensive benefit of the jth reservoir in the i-th cascade is φ i,j (v)´, its expression is as follows: （18） The comprehensive benefits of the separate dispatching, joint dispatching and benefit increment method of the jth reservoir of the i-th cascade are obtained: 。

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