Energy storage battery pack flame retardant system control method and energy storage system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a control method for a flame retardant system for an energy storage battery pack and an energy storage system, belonging to the field of battery technology. The method includes: for each battery module: when a fire occurs in the battery module, the fire development stage of the battery module is determined according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module corresponding to the battery module, and the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module is controlled according to the fire development stage to start flame retardancy; during the flame retardancy process, the fire development stage of the battery module is updated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module, and the pressure relief rate of the battery module is calculated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module and the opening degree of the gas release module; if the current pressure relief rate is outside the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the opening degree of the gas release module is adjusted according to the current sensor data. The embodiment of the present invention can provide an efficient and reliable flame retardant effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a control method for a flame retardant system of an energy storage battery pack and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] In modern society, energy storage batteries are increasingly used in a wide range of applications, from electric vehicles to renewable energy storage. They play a vital role in power systems. However, as their capacity increases and their application environments diversify, the safety of these batteries becomes increasingly important. During operation, batteries can overheat and even cause fires due to factors such as overcharging, overdischarging, and short circuits. Therefore, effectively ensuring that these batteries are flame-retardant in the event of a fire has become a pressing issue.

[0003] The existing energy storage battery pack fire prevention technologies mainly include the following:

[0004] Physical isolation technology: Battery cells are separated by physical partitions to reduce the possibility of fire spread. However, this method has limited isolation effect when a fire occurs and cannot fundamentally solve the fire problem.

[0005] Chemical fire extinguishing technology: using fire extinguishing agents or flame retardant materials to chemically extinguish fires when a fire occurs. This method requires a complex triggering mechanism, and the storage and release processes of the fire extinguishing agents have technical difficulties.

[0006] Thermal management system: The temperature of the energy storage battery pack is controlled through coolant or radiator to prevent overheating. However, the thermal management system has a limited response speed and lacks intelligent control. It cannot dynamically adjust flame retardant measures according to the actual fire situation. In the event of a sudden fire, it is difficult to quickly and effectively suppress the fire, and the protection effect is poor.

[0007] Although the above technologies have improved the safety of energy storage battery packs to a certain extent, existing flame retardant systems usually adopt fixed flame retardant strategies, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to actual working conditions and are difficult to adapt to complex and changing fire situations, and still pose safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides a control method for a flame retardant system of an energy storage battery pack and an energy storage system, which can dynamically adjust the opening degree of a gas release module according to the development of a fire, achieve a rapid response to the fire situation, effectively suppress the spread of fire, achieve an efficient and reliable flame retardant effect, and ensure the safety of the energy storage battery pack.

[0009] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling a flame retardant system of an energy storage battery pack, wherein the energy storage battery pack includes: a plurality of battery modules encapsulated by heat-insulating flame retardant materials; the flame retardant system includes: a control module, a plurality of sensor modules arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the battery modules, and a plurality of gas release modules arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the battery modules; when the gas release module is turned on, it provides flame retardant gas to the corresponding battery module and relieves the pressure of the battery module; the control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack is executed by the control module; the control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack includes:

[0010] For each of the battery modules:

[0011] When a fire occurs in the battery module, the fire development stage of the battery module is determined according to sensor data provided by the sensor module corresponding to the battery module, and the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module is controlled according to the fire development stage to start flame retardancy;

[0012] During the flame retardant process, the fire development stage of the battery module is updated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module, and the pressure release rate of the battery module is calculated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module and the opening degree of the gas release module;

[0013] If the current pressure relief rate is outside the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the opening degree of the gas release module is adjusted according to the current sensor data.

[0014] Optionally, the sensor module includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a fire sensor;

[0015] Determining the fire development stage of the battery module according to the sensor data includes:

[0016] If the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame is detected, the reading of the temperature sensor is between a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, and the reading of the pressure sensor exceeds a first pressure threshold, then the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be in the primary stage of fire; wherein the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold;

[0017] If the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame is detected, the reading of the temperature sensor is between the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, and the reading of the pressure sensor exceeds the second pressure threshold, then it is determined that the fire development stage of the battery module is a medium fire stage; wherein the second temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold, and the second pressure threshold is greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold;

[0018] If the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame is detected, the reading of the temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold, and the reading of the pressure sensor exceeds the third pressure threshold, then the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be a severe fire stage; wherein the third pressure threshold is greater than or equal to the second pressure threshold.

[0019] Optionally, the gas release module includes: a first gas release valve for releasing inert gas to the battery module when opened; a second gas release valve for releasing cooling gas to the battery module when opened; and a gas pressure relief valve for relieving pressure from the battery module when opened;

[0020] Controlling the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module according to the fire development stage includes:

[0021] If the fire development stage is the primary stage of the fire, controlling the gas pressure relief valve to open at an opening corresponding to the primary pressure relief level, controlling the first gas release valve to open at a first preset opening, and controlling the second gas release valve to close;

[0022] If the fire development stage is the intermediate fire stage, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open at an opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open at a second preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to open at a third preset opening; wherein the opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level is greater than the opening corresponding to the primary pressure relief level, and the second preset opening is greater than the first preset opening;

[0023] If the fire development stage is the severe fire stage, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open with the opening corresponding to the advanced pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open with the fourth preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to open with the fifth preset opening; wherein, the opening corresponding to the advanced pressure relief level is greater than the opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level, the fourth preset opening is greater than the second preset opening, and the fifth preset opening is greater than the third preset opening.

[0024] Optionally, the gas release module includes: a gas pressure relief valve, at least one first gas release valve, and at least one second gas release valve; one of the first gas release valves is used to release an inert gas into the battery module when opened; one of the second gas release valves is used to release a cooling gas into the battery module when opened; the gas pressure relief valve is used to release the pressure of the battery module when opened; and calculating the pressure relief rate of the battery module based on the sensor data provided by the sensor module and the opening degree of the gas release module includes:

[0025] Calculating the release rate of the inert gas according to the reading of the temperature sensor, the reading of the pressure sensor, the reading of the fire sensor, and the opening of each of the first gas release valves;

[0026] Calculating a release rate of the cooling gas according to a reading of the temperature sensor, a reading of the pressure sensor, and an opening of each of the second gas release valves;

[0027] Determining a pressure relief level adjustment coefficient according to the opening of the gas pressure relief valve;

[0028] The pressure relief rate of the battery module is calculated according to the release rate of the inert gas, the release rate of the cooling gas, and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient.

[0029] Optionally, the release rate of the inert gas is calculated as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, R inert Indicates the release rate of inert gas; N1 indicates the number of types of inert gas; T indicates the reading of the temperature sensor; P indicates the reading of the pressure sensor; F indicates the reading of the fire sensor; C i represents the concentration of the i-th inert gas; α represents the inert gas temperature weight coefficient; β represents the inert gas pressure weight coefficient; γ represents the inert gas fire reaction coefficient; 1≤i≤N1;

[0032] And / or, the calculation formula of the release rate of the cooling gas is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, R cool Indicates the release rate of cooling gas; C j represents the concentration of the jth cooling gas; N2 represents the number of cooling gas types; T represents the reading of the temperature sensor; P represents the reading of the pressure sensor; δ represents the cooling gas temperature influence coefficient; ∈ represents the cooling gas pressure influence coefficient; 1≤j≤N2;

[0035] And / or, the calculation formula of the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient is as follows:

[0036] R release (t) = (1 + log (1 + L (t)));

[0037] Among them, R release Indicates the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient; L indicates the pressure relief level corresponding to the opening of the gas pressure relief valve.

[0038] Optionally, the pressure relief rate of the battery module is the product of the release rate of the inert gas, the release rate of the cooling gas and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient.

[0039] Optionally, adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module according to current sensor data includes:

[0040] If the current pressure relief rate is higher than the upper limit of the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, reducing the concentration of at least one inert gas and / or reducing the concentration of at least one cooling gas and / or lowering the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve;

[0041] If the current pressure relief rate is lower than the lower limit of the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the concentration of at least one inert gas is increased, and / or the concentration of at least one cooling gas is increased, and / or the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve is increased.

[0042] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy storage system, comprising:

[0043] An energy storage battery pack, comprising: a plurality of battery modules encapsulated by heat-insulating flame-retardant materials;

[0044] A flame retardant system includes: a control module, multiple sensor modules and multiple gas release modules; wherein each sensor module is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module; each gas release module is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module; the control module is respectively connected to each sensor module and each gas release module, and the control module is used to execute the control method of the energy storage battery pack flame retardant system provided by any embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Optionally, the flame retardant system also includes: multiple early warning modules, which are arranged one-to-one corresponding to each of the battery modules; the early warning module is connected to the sensor module and the gas release module, and the early warning module is used to issue an early warning when the sensor module fails and / or the gas release module fails.

[0046] Optionally, the flame retardant system further includes: a gas storage device, and each of the gas release modules is connected to the gas storage device via a gas release pipeline.

[0047] The control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present invention divides the energy storage battery pack into multiple independent battery modules, each battery module is equipped with an independent packaging structure, sensor module and gas release module, which can detect and accurately handle the fire problem in time when it occurs inside the module. At the same time, the packaging structure composed of heat-insulating flame-retardant materials can achieve fire isolation and prevent the fire from spreading to the entire energy storage battery pack, thereby improving the safety of the overall system. In addition, in the control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack, during the flame retardant process, the current fire development stage is determined in real time based on the sensor data, the pressure relief rate is calculated in real time based on the opening degree of the gas release module, and the pressure relief rate is dynamically adjusted to the target rate range corresponding to the fire development stage as much as possible by dynamically adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module. This is equivalent to realizing flexible adjustment of the flame retardant strategy based on the fire development stage, thereby effectively suppressing the spread of fire, while avoiding the waste of flame-retardant gas, and ensuring the best flame retardant effect. In summary, the embodiment of the present invention can dynamically adjust the opening degree of the gas release module according to the fire development situation, achieve a rapid response to the fire situation, effectively suppress the spread of fire, achieve efficient and reliable flame retardant effect, and ensure the safety of the energy storage battery pack.

[0048] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a flame retardant strategy for a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of an energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar items and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, such that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0054] An embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a flame retardant system for an energy storage battery pack. This method dynamically adjusts flame retardant measures based on sensor data, enabling the flame retardant system to maintain high flame retardancy in a variety of complex situations, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the energy storage battery pack. This method can be executed by a control module within the flame retardant system. To facilitate the explanation of this control method, the following briefly describes the structure of the energy storage system.

[0055] For example, an energy storage system may include an energy storage battery pack and a flame retardant system. The energy storage battery pack may include multiple battery modules, each of which is independently encapsulated with high-efficiency thermal insulation and flame retardant material and isolated from other battery modules, forming multiple independently isolated battery modules. This physically ensures that if a fire occurs in a battery module, flames and high temperatures cannot penetrate the thermal insulation and flame retardant material and spread to other battery modules. The flame retardant system may include a control module, multiple sensor modules, and multiple gas release modules. The multiple sensor modules are configured to correspond to each battery module. The sensor modules are used to detect fire-related environmental parameters in the battery module, such as the temperature and pressure within the battery module packaging structure, to indicate the current stage of fire development. The multiple gas release modules are configured to correspond to each battery module. When activated, the gas release modules are used to supply flame-retardant gas to the battery module and relieve pressure within the battery module. For example, these modules supply flame-retardant gas to the battery module packaging structure and relieve pressure within the encapsulated space within the battery module packaging structure. The pressure relief rate of a battery module can be used to describe the rate at which the battery module releases gas outward. It is related to the rate at which the gas release module provides flame-retardant gas to the battery module, the pressure relief level provided by the gas release module, and the environment in which the battery module is located. It is one of the key parameters of the flame retardant system and can directly affect the pressure management and fire suppression effects of the system. Exemplarily, the flame-retardant gas may include at least one inert gas and / or at least one cooling gas. In the flame retardant system, an independent sensor module is provided for each battery module to achieve independent collection of the fire conditions of each battery module; and an independent gas release module is provided for each battery module to achieve independent processing of the fire conditions of each battery module. The control module is connected to each sensor module and each gas release module respectively. For each battery module, the control module can automatically adjust the gas release form and concentration and the pressure relief level of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module according to the fire development stage of the battery module to achieve efficient flame retardancy. The control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack is described below.

[0056] The same flame retardant strategy can be used for each battery module. Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a flame retardant strategy for a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 Specifically, the flame retardant strategies for each battery module include:

[0057] S110. When a fire occurs in the battery module, the fire development stage of the battery module is determined according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module corresponding to the battery module, and the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module is controlled according to the fire development stage to start flame retardancy.

[0058] Exemplarily, the sensor module may include a variety of sensors for detecting fire conditions, such as temperature sensors and pressure sensors, and the sensor data may include the readings of each sensor. Taking the temperature sensor as an example, it can be considered that the higher the reading of the temperature sensor, that is, the higher the temperature near the battery module, the more serious the fire development stage. When a fire occurs in the battery module, the more serious the fire development stage, the higher the initial opening degree of the gas release module can be controlled to increase the release amount of flame-retardant gas to improve the flame retardant effect, and increase the pressure relief level to avoid a high temperature and high pressure environment, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway or explosion.

[0059] S120. During the flame retardant process, the fire development stage of the battery module is updated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module, and the pressure relief rate of the battery module is calculated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module and the opening degree of the gas release module.

[0060] Fire conditions are dynamic. Therefore, updating the battery module's current fire development stage based on sensor data during the flame retardant process allows for real-time monitoring of the fire situation and serves as an important basis for adjusting flame retardant strategies. Real-time calculation of the pressure relief rate indicates the flame retardant system's current operating status and allows for real-time determination of whether adjustments are needed.

[0061] S130: If the current pressure relief rate is outside the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, adjust the opening degree of the gas release module according to the current sensor data.

[0062] Among them, different fire development stages correspond to different target rate ranges, and the target rate ranges corresponding to different fire development stages can partially overlap or completely not overlap, and can be set specifically according to actual needs. For example, the target rate ranges corresponding to different fire development stages can be obtained based on experience, safety requirements and battery performance requirements, or after multiple tests. During the flame retardant process, if the pressure relief rate is too high, it may be caused by excessive release of flame-retardant gas or too rapid pressure relief, which can easily lead to waste and abuse of flame-retardant gas; if the pressure relief rate is too low, it may be caused by insufficient release of flame-retardant gas or too slow pressure relief, which can easily cause the battery module to be in a high temperature and high pressure environment, making it difficult to suppress the development of the fire and increasing the risk of thermal runaway. Therefore, by adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module in real time and controlling the pressure relief rate at each moment within the target rate range corresponding to the fire development stage at that moment, the best flame retardant effect can be achieved, ensuring safety while avoiding waste of flame-retardant gas. If the current pressure relief rate is within the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the opening degree of the gas release module can be maintained unchanged.

[0063] The control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present invention divides the energy storage battery pack into multiple independent battery modules, each battery module is equipped with an independent packaging structure, sensor module and gas release module, which can detect and accurately handle the fire problem in time when it occurs inside the module. At the same time, the packaging structure composed of heat-insulating flame-retardant materials can achieve fire isolation and prevent the fire from spreading to the entire energy storage battery pack, thereby improving the safety of the overall system. In addition, in the control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack, during the flame retardant process, the current fire development stage is determined in real time based on the sensor data, the pressure relief rate is calculated in real time based on the opening degree of the gas release module, and the pressure relief rate is dynamically adjusted to the target rate range corresponding to the fire development stage as much as possible by dynamically adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module. This is equivalent to realizing flexible adjustment of the flame retardant strategy based on the fire development stage, thereby effectively suppressing the spread of fire, while avoiding the waste of flame-retardant gas, and ensuring the best flame retardant effect. In summary, the embodiment of the present invention can dynamically adjust the opening degree of the gas release module according to the fire development situation, achieve a rapid response to the fire situation, effectively suppress the spread of fire, achieve efficient and reliable flame retardant effect, and ensure the safety of the energy storage battery pack.

[0064] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, optionally, each gas release module is equipped with multiple pressure relief levels, which, combined with the independent isolation structure of each battery module, constitute a multi-stage interval energy storage battery pack flame retardant system. Real-time monitoring of the fire situation can be achieved through each sensor module. The control module can respond quickly in the early stage of the fire and flexibly respond according to the stage of fire development, automatically adjusting the gas release form, concentration and pressure relief level to achieve intelligent control and effectively suppress the spread of fire, so that the flame retardant system has the characteristics of rapid response and high-efficiency flame retardancy.

[0065] The specific process of the control method is exemplified below in combination with the specific structure of each functional module, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0066] In one embodiment, optionally, the sensor module includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a fire sensor. Specifically, the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the environment in which the battery module is located, such as the temperature inside the packaging structure; the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the environment in which the battery module is located, such as the pressure inside the packaging structure; the fire sensor is used to detect the fire situation of the battery module, such as a flame sensor, which is used to detect whether there is a flame inside the packaging structure to determine whether a fire has occurred in the battery module, and to detect the size of the flame inside the packaging structure. The fire development stages can be specifically divided into: the primary stage of fire, the intermediate stage of fire, and the severe stage of fire. The severity of the fire in the above three stages shows an increasing trend. Once the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame has been detected, it can be determined that a fire has occurred.

[0067] Then, the fire development stage of the battery module can be determined based on the sensor data, which may include:

[0068] If the fire sensor reading indicates that a flame is detected, the temperature sensor reading is between a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, and the pressure sensor reading exceeds the first pressure threshold, then the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be in the primary stage of fire; wherein the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

[0069] If the fire sensor reading indicates that a flame has been detected, the temperature sensor reading is between the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, and the pressure sensor reading exceeds the second pressure threshold, then the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be an intermediate fire stage; wherein the second temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold, and the second pressure threshold is greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold.

[0070] If the fire sensor reading indicates that a flame has been detected, the temperature sensor reading exceeds a third temperature threshold, and the pressure sensor reading exceeds a third pressure threshold, the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be a severe fire stage; wherein the third pressure threshold is greater than or equal to the second pressure threshold.

[0071] The temperature and pressure thresholds mentioned above can be determined based on experience or multiple tests, and the specific values ​​are not limited here. Generally speaking, the more severe the fire, the higher the temperature and pressure of the battery module environment.

[0072] On the basis of the above embodiments, optionally, the gas release module includes: a first gas release valve for releasing inert gas to the battery module when opened; a second gas release valve for releasing cooling gas to the battery module when opened; and a gas pressure relief valve for relieving pressure on the battery module when opened. The control module adjusts the opening degree of the gas release module according to the sensor data. Specifically, it can be to adjust the opening of the first gas release valve and the second gas release valve in real time according to the sensor data and the stage of fire development to adjust the combination ratio of the inert gas and the cooling gas, and to control the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve in real time to optimize the flame retardant effect. The pressure relief level can be specifically divided into a primary pressure relief level, an intermediate pressure relief level and a high pressure relief level; the opening of the gas pressure relief valve corresponding to the above three pressure relief levels increases in sequence.

[0073] Accordingly, the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module is controlled according to the fire development stage, including:

[0074] If the fire development stage is the primary stage of fire, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open with an opening corresponding to the primary pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open with a first preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to close.

[0075] If the fire reaches the intermediate stage, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open at the opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open at the second preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to open at the third preset opening. The opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level is greater than that corresponding to the primary pressure relief level, and the second preset opening is greater than the first preset opening. Compared to the primary stage, the openings of the first gas release valve and the gas pressure relief valve are both controlled to be higher in the intermediate stage, and cooling gas is added.

[0076] If the fire develops to a severe stage, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open at the opening corresponding to the advanced pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open at the fourth preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to open at the fifth preset opening. The opening corresponding to the advanced pressure relief level is greater than the opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level, the fourth preset opening is greater than the second preset opening, and the fifth preset opening is greater than the third preset opening. In the severe fire stage, the gas pressure relief valve opens at the advanced pressure relief level, and the openings of both gas release valves increase, fully releasing the combined flame-retardant gas to ensure that the pressure and temperature within the battery module packaging structure are rapidly reduced.

[0077] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, in a gas release module, the number of first gas release valves is at least one. When the number of first gas release valves is multiple, different types of inert gases can be connected respectively; the number of second gas release valves is at least one. When the number of second gas release valves is multiple, different types of cooling gases can be connected respectively.

[0078] The pressure relief rate of the battery module is calculated based on the sensor data provided by the sensor module and the opening degree of the gas release module, which may include:

[0079] The release rate of the inert gas is calculated based on the reading of the temperature sensor, the reading of the pressure sensor, the reading of the fire sensor and the opening of each first gas release valve.

[0080] The release rate of the cooling gas is calculated according to the reading of the temperature sensor, the reading of the pressure sensor and the opening of each second gas release valve.

[0081] The pressure relief level adjustment coefficient is determined according to the opening of the gas pressure relief valve.

[0082] The pressure relief rate of the battery module is calculated based on the release rate of the inert gas, the release rate of the cooling gas and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient.

[0083] Specifically, the pressure relief rate of the battery module is the product of the release rate of the inert gas, the release rate of the cooling gas, and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient. The pressure relief rate is calculated as follows:

[0084] R(t)=R inert (t)·R cool (t)·R release (t);

[0085] Among them, R represents the pressure relief rate, R inert Indicates the release rate of inert gas, R cool represents the release rate of cooling gas, R release Represents the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient. Parameters with "(t)" indicate that they change over time. For example, R(t) represents the pressure relief rate at time t. The same applies to other parameters and will not be repeated here.

[0086] Specifically, the calculation formula for the release rate of the inert gas is:

[0087]

[0088] Where, N1 represents the number of inert gas types; T represents the reading of the temperature sensor; P represents the reading of the pressure sensor; F represents the reading of the fire sensor; C i Represents the concentration of the i-th inert gas; α represents the inert gas temperature weight coefficient; β represents the inert gas pressure weight coefficient; γ represents the inert gas fire reaction coefficient; 1≤i≤N1. Among them, the value of the fire sensor reading F is, for example, between 0-1, 0 represents no fire, and 1 represents a fire. It can be understood that the concentration of the inert gas refers to the concentration of the inert gas applied to the battery module packaging structure. This value can be set according to the fire development level, and this value can be used as the basis for setting the opening of the first gas release valve. At the beginning of the fire, the initial concentration can be set to determine the initial opening of the first gas release valve. During the flame retardant process, the concentration value can be adjusted for calculation, and the opening of the first gas release valve can be adjusted accordingly based on the final calculation result.

[0089] This formula combines the combined effects of temperature, pressure, and fire conditions, and its calculation results can dynamically adjust the inert gas release rate. The application of exponential and sine functions makes the release rate more sensitive and complex to changes in sensor data.

[0090] The formula for calculating the release rate of cooling gas is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, C jrepresents the concentration of the jth cooling gas; N2 represents the number of cooling gas types; δ represents the cooling gas temperature influence coefficient; ∈ represents the cooling gas pressure influence coefficient; 1≤j≤N2. It is understood that the cooling gas concentration refers to the concentration of the cooling gas applied to the battery module packaging structure. This value can be set according to the level of fire development and serves as the basis for setting the opening of the second gas release valve. At the beginning of a fire, an initial concentration can be set to determine the initial opening of the second gas release valve. During the flame retardant process, this concentration value can be adjusted for calculation, and the opening of the second gas release valve can be adjusted accordingly based on the final calculation result.

[0093] This formula ensures that the release of cooling gas meets actual needs by integrating temperature and pressure and combining them with the cooling gas concentration; the use of square root and cosine functions makes the response of this part of the formula to the data more complex and nonlinear.

[0094] The calculation formula for the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient is as follows:

[0095] R release (t) = (1 + log (1 + L (t)));

[0096] Where L represents the pressure relief level corresponding to the opening of the gas pressure relief valve. The value range for the primary pressure relief level is, for example, 0-1, the value range for the intermediate pressure relief level is, for example, 1-2, and the value range for the advanced pressure relief level is, for example, 2-3. Using a logarithmic function to adjust the pressure relief level can make the adjustment smoother and have a larger dynamic range.

[0097] The value range of R(t) is: it represents the pressure relief rate calculated based on the readings of multiple sensors at a specific time point; the larger its value, the more combined gas is released, and the corresponding pressure relief is faster to cope with the current fire situation.

[0098] By calculating the release rates of inert and cooling gases and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficients, the system accurately reflects the impact of different fire stages and changes in sensor data on gas release requirements. This system can determine whether the battery module's current gas release behavior is normal, insufficient, or abusive, allowing for real-time dynamic adjustments to at least one of the following: the concentration of various flammable gases, fire sensor readings, and the pressure relief level. This optimizes the pressure relief rate, improves system safety and stability, and reduces the risk of fire and explosion.

[0099] On the basis of the above embodiments, adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module according to the current sensor data may specifically include:

[0100] If the current pressure relief rate is higher than the upper limit of the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the concentration of at least one inert gas is reduced, and / or the concentration of at least one cooling gas is reduced, and / or the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve is lowered, and / or the reading of the fire sensor is lowered.

[0101] If the current pressure relief rate is lower than the lower limit of the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the concentration of at least one inert gas is increased, and / or the concentration of at least one cooling gas is increased, and / or the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve is increased, and / or the reading of the fire sensor is increased.

[0102] After the adjustment, R(t) can be recalculated. If R(t) is still outside the target rate range, it can be adjusted again. Through continuous iterative adjustment in the feedback loop until the calculated value of R(t) reaches the target rate range, precise control of the flame retardant system of the multi-stage interval energy storage battery pack can be achieved. The opening of the first gas release valve is adjusted based on the calculated release rate of the inert gas, the opening of the second gas release valve is adjusted based on the calculated release rate of the cooling gas, and the opening of the gas pressure relief valve is adjusted based on the pressure relief level. This optimizes the pressure relief rate, keeps the real-time pressure relief rate of the multi-stage pressure relief stable, and improves the safety and stability of the system.

[0103] The present invention provides an efficient and intelligent flame retardant system control method, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios requiring high safety and real-time monitoring. Specific applications include but are not limited to the following energy storage systems:

[0104] Electric vehicles: Provide protection for the energy storage battery packs of electric vehicles to prevent fire accidents caused by overheating, overcharging or short circuit.

[0105] Renewable energy storage: Energy storage systems used for renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy to ensure the safe operation of energy storage battery packs under high loads and complex environments.

[0106] Data center backup power supply: A backup power system used in data centers to ensure the safe and stable operation of energy storage battery packs in the event of power anomalies.

[0107] Industrial Equipment: Provides safe energy storage solutions for large industrial equipment to prevent fires in energy storage battery packs from causing damage to equipment and personnel.

[0108] Residential and commercial buildings: Energy storage systems used in residential and commercial buildings improve fire safety and protect life and property.

[0109] The embodiment of the present invention adopts real-time sensor data acquisition, which can monitor the temperature, pressure and fire conditions of energy storage battery packs (used for energy storage battery pack applications that require high-precision monitoring, such as electric vehicles and data center backup power supplies), and transmit the data to the control module for processing. Data processing and analysis are performed through preset complex formulas, and the release rate of inert gas and cooling gas and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient are dynamically calculated. This real-time data processing and analysis method enables the flame retardant system to respond quickly and accurately according to actual conditions, avoiding the fire spread problem caused by response lag in the prior art. In actual application, according to the calculation results, the flame retardant system can intelligently and dynamically adjust the pressure relief level, thereby controlling the gas release rate; this intelligent control method enables the system to provide appropriate pressure relief rate and flame retardant gas release rate according to the different needs of the fire development stage, ensuring that the best flame retardant effect can be provided at each stage.

[0110] In order to verify the effect of the control method, the inventors provided the following experiment, and the experimental steps are as follows:

[0111] Step 1: System initialization: Initialize all sensors, gas release valves, gas pressure relief valves and control modules; ensure that the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and fire sensor are installed in the packaging structure of each independent battery module; configure the gas storage device, including a high-pressure tank for storing inert gas (such as nitrogen) and cooling gas (such as liquid nitrogen); connect the control module to ensure that the sensor data is transmitted to the control module in real time; set the inert gas C i (t) and cooling gas C j The initial concentration of (t) and the initial concentration of various flame retardant gases can be set according to the fire development stage.

[0112] Step 2: Start the energy storage battery pack, simulate the working state, and record the changes in temperature and pressure. The initial temperature is set to 300K and the initial pressure is set to 100kPa.

[0113] Step 3: Sensor data acquisition: real-time acquisition of temperature sensor readings T(t), pressure sensor readings P(t) and gas concentration C i (t) and C j (t) and transmits the data to the control module so that the control module can calculate the pressure relief rate R(t) in real time through the formula.

[0114] Step 4: Dynamically adjust C based on real-time calculated R(t) i (t), C j At least one of (t), F(t) and L(t) is used to ensure that the pressure relief rate is within a safe range.

[0115] In the above experiment, specific experimental data are shown in Table 1, taking three types of inert gas and cooling gas as an example, the unit of gas concentration is %, and the unit of gas release rate is L / s.

[0116] Table 1

[0117]

[0118] In the above experiment, the change of pressure relief rate is:

[0119] In the initial stage, the pressure relief rate R(0) is 0.0948. As time goes by, the increase in temperature and pressure causes R(t) to gradually increase. The release rate of inert gas R inert (t) and the release rate of cooling gas R release (t) shows a gradual increase over time, indicating that the system suppresses the combustion reaction by releasing more inert gas and cooling gas in response to increasing temperature and pressure. Especially under high temperature and pressure, increasing the concentration of cooling gas can effectively reduce the temperature of the battery module and prevent thermal runaway.

[0120] Among them, the adjustment of variable L(t) directly affects R release (t), by appropriately increasing L(t), the pressure relief rate can be effectively increased to ensure the stability of the system. i (t) The oscillation amplitude of the release rate of the inert gas can be changed. For example, when the system temperature or pressure is too high, at least one C i The value of (t) helps to increase the release rate of the inert gas, thereby suppressing the intensity of the reaction.

[0121] The above data analysis demonstrates that the control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can effectively manage the release ratio and rate of inert gas and cooling gas, rapidly suppress temperature rise, and dynamically adjust flame retardant measures based on the fire development stage and real-time sensor data to ensure the safety and reliability of the energy storage battery pack. Existing technologies are generally only capable of setting fixed parameters and are unable to make real-time adjustments based on actual fire conditions. The dynamic response mechanism of the present invention solves this problem, enabling the flame retardant system to maintain a highly effective flame retardant effect under various complex circumstances.

[0122] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy storage system, to which the control method of the flame retardant system of the energy storage battery pack provided by any embodiment of the present invention can be applied, and has corresponding beneficial effects. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The energy storage system may include: an energy storage battery pack 100 and a flame retardant system 200.

[0123] The energy storage battery pack 100 may include: multiple battery modules 11, each encapsulated by an encapsulation structure 12, which may be composed of thermally insulating and flame-retardant materials. The flame retardant system 200 may include: a control module 21, multiple sensor modules 22, and multiple gas release modules 23. Each sensor module 22 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module 11; each gas release module 23 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module 11. The control module 21 is connected to each sensor module 22 and each gas release module 23, and is used to execute the control method of the energy storage battery pack flame retardant system.

[0124] The sensor module 22 may include: a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the environment in which the battery module 11 is located, such as the temperature inside the packaging structure 12; a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the environment in which the battery module 11 is located, such as the pressure inside the packaging structure 12; and a fire sensor for detecting fire conditions in the battery module 11, such as detecting whether there is a flame inside the packaging structure 12 to determine whether a fire has occurred in the battery module 11, and detecting the size of the flame inside the packaging structure 12. The detection portions of each of the above sensors may be disposed within the packaging structure 12 to detect relevant conditions of the battery module 11.

[0125] The gas release module 23 may include multiple gas release valves, each for releasing various flame-retardant gases into the battery module 11 when opened. These valves may include, for example, a first gas release valve for releasing inert gas into the battery module 11 when opened, such as a valve located on the packaging structure 12; a second gas release valve for releasing cooling gas into the battery module 11 when opened, such as a valve located on the packaging structure 12. Furthermore, the gas release module 23 may also include a gas pressure relief valve for releasing pressure from the battery module 11 when opened, such as a valve located on the packaging structure 12 to release pressure within the space defined by the packaging structure 12. The degree of opening of the gas release module 23 is controlled by the control module 21. The degree of opening of the gas release module 23 may include the opening degrees of each gas release valve and the gas pressure relief valve.

[0126] It should be noted that Figure 2 The block diagram structure and connections are mainly used to represent the corresponding relationship between the functional modules in the energy storage system, and do not represent the actual positional relationship between the functional modules. In actual application, the positional relationship between the functional modules in the flame retardant system 200 and the battery module 11 can be configured according to needs, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0127] In the energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage battery pack 100 is divided into multiple independent battery modules 11. Each battery module 11 is equipped with an independent packaging structure 12, a sensor module 22, and a gas release module 23. When a fire occurs within the module, it can be promptly detected and accurately handled. At the same time, the packaging structure 12 composed of heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials can achieve fire isolation, preventing the fire from spreading to the entire energy storage battery pack 100, thereby improving the safety of the entire system. In addition, during the flame retardant process, the control module 21 determines the current fire development stage in real time based on the sensor data of the sensor module 22, and dynamically calculates the pressure relief rate of the battery module 11 in real time. By adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module 23, the pressure relief rate is kept within the target rate range corresponding to the fire development stage as much as possible. The flame retardant strategy can be flexibly adjusted based on the fire development stage, thereby effectively suppressing the spread of the fire while avoiding the waste of flame-retardant gas and ensuring the optimal flame retardant effect.

[0128] Based on the above embodiments, the flame retardant system 200 optionally further includes a gas storage device, with each gas release module 23, specifically the gas release valve in each gas release module 23, connected to the gas storage device via a gas release pipeline. The gas storage device can store flammable gas so that when the gas release valve is opened, the flammable gas is released to the battery module 11 via the gas release pipeline. For example, the gas storage device may include at least one inert gas storage component, each of which is connected to a corresponding first gas release valve in each gas release module 23 through a management system. If there are multiple inert gas storage components, different inert gas storage components are used to store different types of inert gas, and different inert gas storage components are connected to different first gas release valves in the same gas release module 23. The gas storage device may also include at least one cooling gas storage component, each of which is connected to a corresponding second gas release valve in each gas release module 23 through a management system. If there are multiple cooling gas storage components, different cooling gas storage components are used to store different types of cooling gas, and different cooling gas storage components are connected to different second gas release valves in the same gas release module 23.

[0129] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, optionally, the flame retardant system 200 may further include: a plurality of early warning modules, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module 11; the early warning module is connected to the sensor module 22 and the gas release module 23, and the early warning module is used to detect whether the working status of the sensor module 22 and the gas release module 23 is abnormal, and to issue an early warning when the sensor module fails and / or the gas release module fails, so as to ensure that relevant personnel are notified in time to handle the fire when the fire occurs. Exemplarily, a spare flame retardant system can be configured in the energy storage system. When the early warning module corresponding to any battery module 11 issues an early warning, the functional module corresponding to the battery module 11 in the spare flame retardant system can be enabled to ensure that the fire can be prevented and extinguished, thereby ensuring the safety of the energy storage system. Exemplarily, the early warning module can also be connected to the control module 21, and report the fault module and fault type to the control module 21 when issuing an early warning, so that relevant personnel can handle it in time.

[0130] Based on the above embodiments, the control module 21 may optionally include a data acquisition unit (CPU) and a real-time judgment unit. The data acquisition unit is used to obtain sensor data to monitor the temperature changes and pressure conditions of the environment in which the battery module 11 is located in real time, as well as to monitor whether a fire has occurred. The CPU is used to receive and analyze the sensor data to determine the fire development stage. The real-time judgment unit is used to determine whether the combined gas needs to be released based on the fire development stage. If so, the real-time pressure relief rate of the system is adjusted based on the sensor data. The influencing coefficients of the pressure relief rate include the release rate of the inert gas, the release rate of the cooling gas, and the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient.

[0131] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0132] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a flame retardant system of an energy storage battery pack, characterized in that: The energy storage battery pack includes: a plurality of battery modules encapsulated by heat-insulating flame-retardant materials; the flame-retardant system includes: a control module, a plurality of sensor modules corresponding to each of the battery modules, and a plurality of gas release modules corresponding to each of the battery modules; when the gas release module is turned on, it provides flame-retardant gas to the corresponding battery module and relieves the pressure of the battery module; the control method of the energy storage battery pack flame-retardant system is executed by the control module; the control method of the energy storage battery pack flame-retardant system includes: For each of the battery modules: When a fire occurs in the battery module, the fire development stage of the battery module is determined according to sensor data provided by the sensor module corresponding to the battery module, and the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module is controlled according to the fire development stage to start flame retardancy; During the flame retardant process, the fire development stage of the battery module is updated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module, and the pressure release rate of the battery module is calculated according to the sensor data provided by the sensor module and the opening degree of the gas release module; If the current pressure relief rate is outside the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module according to the current sensor data; The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a fire sensor; the gas release module includes a gas pressure relief valve, at least one first gas release valve, and at least one second gas release valve; one of the first gas release valves is used to release an inert gas into the battery module when opened; one of the second gas release valves is used to release a cooling gas into the battery module when opened; the gas pressure relief valve is used to release pressure in the battery module when opened; The calculation formula of the pressure relief rate is as follows: R(t)=R inert (t)·R cool (t)·R release (t); where R represents the pressure relief rate, R inert Indicates the release rate of inert gas, R cool represents the release rate of cooling gas, R release Indicates the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient; The calculation formula of the release rate of the inert gas is: Where, N1 represents the number of inert gas types; T represents the reading of the temperature sensor; P represents the reading of the pressure sensor; F represents the reading of the fire sensor; C i represents the concentration of the i-th inert gas; α represents the inert gas temperature weight coefficient; β represents the inert gas pressure weight coefficient; γ represents the inert gas fire reaction coefficient; 1≤i≤N1; The calculation formula of the release rate of the cooling gas is as follows: Among them, C j represents the concentration of the jth cooling gas; N2 represents the number of cooling gas types; δ represents the cooling gas temperature influence coefficient; ∈ represents the cooling gas pressure influence coefficient; 1≤j≤N2; The calculation formula of the pressure relief level adjustment coefficient is as follows: R release (t)=(1+log(1+L(t))); Wherein, L represents the pressure relief level corresponding to the opening of the gas pressure relief valve.

2. The control method of the energy storage battery pack flame retardant system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the fire development stage of the battery module according to the sensor data includes: If the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame is detected, the reading of the temperature sensor is between a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, and the reading of the pressure sensor exceeds a first pressure threshold, then the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be in the primary stage of fire; wherein the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold; If the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame is detected, the reading of the temperature sensor is between the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, and the reading of the pressure sensor exceeds the second pressure threshold, then it is determined that the fire development stage of the battery module is a medium fire stage; wherein the second temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold, and the second pressure threshold is greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold; If the reading of the fire sensor indicates that a flame is detected, the reading of the temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold, and the reading of the pressure sensor exceeds the third pressure threshold, then the fire development stage of the battery module is determined to be a severe fire stage; wherein the third pressure threshold is greater than or equal to the second pressure threshold.

3. The control method of the energy storage battery pack flame retardant system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Controlling the initial opening degree of the gas release module corresponding to the battery module according to the fire development stage includes: If the fire development stage is the primary stage of the fire, controlling the gas pressure relief valve to open at an opening corresponding to the primary pressure relief level, controlling the first gas release valve to open at a first preset opening, and controlling the second gas release valve to close; If the fire development stage is the intermediate fire stage, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open at an opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open at a second preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to open at a third preset opening; wherein the opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level is greater than the opening corresponding to the primary pressure relief level, and the second preset opening is greater than the first preset opening; If the fire development stage is the severe fire stage, the gas pressure relief valve is controlled to open with the opening corresponding to the advanced pressure relief level, the first gas release valve is controlled to open with the fourth preset opening, and the second gas release valve is controlled to open with the fifth preset opening; wherein, the opening corresponding to the advanced pressure relief level is greater than the opening corresponding to the intermediate pressure relief level, the fourth preset opening is greater than the second preset opening, and the fifth preset opening is greater than the third preset opening.

4. The control method of the energy storage battery pack flame retardant system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjusting the opening degree of the gas release module according to current sensor data includes: If the current pressure relief rate is higher than the upper limit of the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, reducing the concentration of at least one inert gas and / or reducing the concentration of at least one cooling gas and / or lowering the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve; If the current pressure relief rate is lower than the lower limit of the target rate range corresponding to the current fire development stage, the concentration of at least one inert gas is increased, and / or the concentration of at least one cooling gas is increased, and / or the pressure relief level of the gas pressure relief valve is increased.

5. An energy storage system, characterized in that: include: An energy storage battery pack, comprising: a plurality of battery modules encapsulated by heat-insulating flame-retardant materials; A flame retardant system includes: a control module, multiple sensor modules and multiple gas release modules; wherein each sensor module is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module; each gas release module is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery module; the control module is respectively connected to each sensor module and each gas release module, and the control module is used to execute the control method of the energy storage battery pack flame retardant system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flame retardant system also includes: multiple early warning modules, which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the battery modules; the early warning module is connected to the sensor module and the gas release module, and the early warning module is used to issue an early warning when the sensor module fails and / or the gas release module fails.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flame retardant system further includes: a gas storage device, and each of the gas release modules is connected to the gas storage device via a gas release pipeline.

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