A kind of emergency stop device for rotating friction welding spindle

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of friction welding technology, and in particular to a rotation friction welding spindle emergency stop device, comprising a spindle and a four-jaw chuck, wherein the four-jaw chuck is used to clamp and fix a workpiece to be welded, a base is provided on one side wall of the four-jaw chuck, a fixing tube is bolted on the base, the spindle is rotatably connected with the fixing tube, a locking assembly is provided on the spindle, a locking assembly is provided on the fixing tube, which is used to lock and fix the fixing tube, and a driving mechanism is provided on the outer side of the fixing tube, which is used to drive the locking assembly to lock or unlock, and when the driving mechanism drives the locking assembly to unlock, it synchronously drives the locking assembly to lock and fix the fixing tube. In the present invention, the spindle and the fixing tube can realize free switching between rotation connection and fixed connection, so that after the workpiece welding is completed, when the workpiece is stationary, the spindle and the motor connected to the spindle can still maintain the rotation function, thereby reducing the damage of inertia to the spindle and the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of friction welding, in particular to an emergency stop device for a rotary friction welding spindle. Background Art

[0002] Rotary friction welding is performed by clamping two objects and rotating one of them at high speed. The relative rotation of the two objects generates friction, thereby melting the ends. Pressure is then applied to the clamped objects to squeeze the two objects against each other, thereby achieving welding of the objects. After welding is completed, the spindle is stopped immediately to keep the two objects relatively still and avoid relative movement of the two objects causing pulling at the connection of the objects.

[0003] A Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN112373044B discloses a vibration friction welding machine, comprising a body and a vibration friction welding device, the interior of the body is configured to be box-shaped, the bottom of the vibration friction welding device is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the body, and the two sides of the vibration friction welding device are movably connected to the inner wall of the body, the vibration friction welding device is used to weld a welded piece, the vibration friction welding device comprises a welding head, a motor, a support rod, a base and a corner finishing device, the number of the welding head, the motor and the support rod are all two, one end of the welding head is movably connected to the inside of the support rod, one end of the motor is movably connected to one side of the support rod, the bottom of the support rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base, and the top of the base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the corner finishing device; the lower surface of the base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the body, and the support rods are located at both ends of the base; the support rods can keep the welding head at a certain height so that the two support rods can fix one of the welded pieces above.

[0004] As in the above application, in the existing friction welding machine, the main shaft is directly fixedly connected to the clamping mechanism (welding head), and the motor drives the clamping mechanism to rotate through the main shaft, and drives the workpiece to rotate through the clamping mechanism to perform welding. In order to ensure the welding effect, the main shaft will stop rotating immediately when the welding is completed. At this time, the strong inertia generated by the high-speed rotating main shaft during emergency stop will damage both the main shaft and the motor. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device, comprising a spindle and a four-jaw chuck, wherein the four-jaw chuck is used to clamp and fix a workpiece to be welded, a base is arranged on one side wall of the four-jaw chuck, a fixing tube is bolted on the base, and the spindle is rotatably connected to the fixing tube;

[0007] The main shaft is provided with a locking assembly for locking and fixing the main shaft and the fixed tube relative to each other. The fixed tube is provided with a locking assembly for locking and fixing the fixed tube. A driving mechanism is provided on the outer side of the fixed tube for driving the locking assembly to lock or unlock. When the driving mechanism drives the locking assembly to unlock, it synchronously drives the locking assembly to lock and fix the fixed tube.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: the locking assembly includes a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism;

[0009] The first locking mechanism comprises a first locking seat sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube, a slider is welded on the inner wall of the first locking seat, and the slider is slidably connected with a first slide groove opened on the outer wall of the fixed tube, a spring is welded on one side wall of the slider, and the spring is located in the first slide groove, a plurality of first locking teeth are welded on one side wall of the first locking seat away from the four-jaw chuck, and a plurality of limiting columns with equal spacing in an annular shape are welded on the outer wall of the first locking seat;

[0010] The second locking mechanism comprises a second locking seat welded and fixed on the main shaft, a plurality of second locking teeth are welded on a surface of the second locking seat opposite to the first locking seat, and the plurality of second locking teeth and the plurality of first locking teeth are staggered with each other.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: the driving mechanism includes an annular seat sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube, a second slide groove is opened on the inner wall of the annular seat along the length direction, a sliding seat is slidably connected in the second slide groove, a limiting ring is sleeved in the annular seat, and the limiting ring and the sliding seat are welded and fixed to each other, an annular slide groove is opened on the inner wall of the limiting ring along its circumference, the top of the limiting column extends into the annular slide groove, and a driving assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the annular seat, which is used to drive the limiting ring to move back and forth in the annular seat.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: the driving assembly includes a fixed block, which is welded and fixed to one end of the inner wall of the annular seat, and an electric push rod is fixed on the fixed block, and the movable end of the electric push rod is welded and fixed to the limit ring.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: a fixing seat is welded on the outer wall of the annular seat, and a bolt hole is opened on the fixing seat.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: the locking assembly includes a truncated cone seat and a connecting seat, the truncated cone seat is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed tube, the connecting seat is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the sliding seat, and the top bolt of the connecting seat is fixed with a friction locking block used in conjunction with the truncated cone seat.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution: a limiting disk is welded to one end of the spindle close to the four-jaw chuck, an annular groove for cooperating with the limiting disk is opened at one end of the fixed tube, an annular boss is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the fixed tube, and a plurality of fastening bolts are threadedly connected to the annular boss.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution: it also includes an emergency stop control unit, which is arranged on a fixed seat, and the emergency stop control unit includes:

[0017] A data collection module is used to collect historical friction welding data of the rotary friction welding spindle, wherein the historical friction welding data of the rotary friction welding spindle is collected when the workpiece welding meets the standard, and the historical friction welding data includes the workpiece welding coefficient, welding control parameters, external environment temperature and friction welding time;

[0018] The welding control parameters include the rotation speed and axial pressure of the spindle;

[0019] The parameters affecting the welding coefficient of the workpiece include the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, the hardness of the workpiece and the friction coefficient of the workpiece;

[0020] The axial pressure refers to the force applied in the axial direction of the two workpieces to be welded;

[0021] The friction welding time is the time when the main shaft stops rotating, that is, the time required for the two workpieces to be welded to generate heat by friction with each other until they melt and connect together during the friction welding process.

[0022] Model training module, which trains a machine learning model for predicting friction welding time based on historical friction welding data, collects the welding coefficient, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature of the workpiece to be welded in real time, and predicts the friction welding time based on the trained machine learning model;

[0023] The control module is analyzed and controlled to operate the driving mechanism based on the predicted friction welding time, and the locking assembly is driven to separate through the driving mechanism, and the locking assembly is driven to lock and fix the fixed tube synchronously.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution: the expression of the workpiece welding coefficient is:

[0025] ;

[0026] In the formula, is the workpiece welding coefficient, is the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, is the hardness of the workpiece, is the friction coefficient of the workpiece; , and is the weight factor, and , and Both are greater than 0.

[0027] As a further description of the above technical solution: the training method of the machine learning model for predicting friction welding time includes:

[0028] The collected workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external environment temperature are converted into a corresponding set of feature vectors;

[0029] Each group of feature vectors is used as the input of the machine learning model, and the machine learning model takes the friction welding time corresponding to each group of workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature as the output, and takes the friction welding time actually corresponding to each group of workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature as the prediction target, and takes minimizing the loss function value of the machine learning model as the training target; training is stopped when the loss function value of the machine learning model is less than or equal to the preset target loss value.

[0030] Beneficial Effects

[0031] The invention provides a rotation friction welding spindle emergency stop device. During welding, the spindle and the fixed tube are relatively locked and fixed by a locking assembly, and the four-jaw chuck can be driven to rotate by the spindle, thereby driving the workpiece clamped and fixed on the four-jaw chuck to rotate. When welding is completed, the locking assembly is controlled to unlock, that is, the spindle and the fixed tube are rotationally connected, that is, the spindle and the fixed tube can be freely switched between the rotation connection and the fixed connection, so that after the workpiece is welded, when the workpiece is stationary, the spindle and the motor connected to the spindle can still maintain the rotation function, thereby reducing the damage to the spindle and the motor caused by inertia, that is, overcoming the problem in the prior art that the spindle needs to be stopped immediately when welding is completed, and the strong inertia generated by the high-speed rotating spindle during emergency stop causes damage to both the spindle and the motor;

[0032] Furthermore, when the driving mechanism drives the locking assembly to unlock, it simultaneously drives the locking assembly to lock and fix the fixed tube, thereby achieving both unlocking of the locking assembly and rapid locking of the fixed tube, thereby achieving rapid braking of the workpiece clamped and fixed on the four-jaw chuck at one end of the fixed tube, thereby avoiding relative movement of the two objects, which would cause pulling at the connection between the objects and affect the welding effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a first locking mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a second locking mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a driving mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a locking assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 A module connection diagram of an emergency stop control unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1, spindle; 101, limit plate; 2, four-jaw chuck; 201, base; 3, fixed tube; 301, annular boss; 302, fastening bolt; 303, annular groove; 304, first slide groove; 4, locking assembly; 401, truncated cone seat; 402, connecting seat; 403, friction locking block; 5, first locking mechanism; 501, first locking seat; 502, slider; 503, spring; 504, limit column; 505, first locking tooth; 6, second locking mechanism; 601, second locking seat; 602, second locking tooth; 7, driving mechanism; 701, annular seat; 702, second slide groove; 703, sliding seat; 704, limit ring; 705, fixed block; 706, electric push rod; 707, fixed seat; 708, bolt hole; 709, annular slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific diagrams. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1-Figure 6The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a rotation friction welding spindle emergency stop device, comprising a spindle 1 and a four-jaw chuck 2, the four-jaw chuck 2 is used to clamp and fix the workpiece to be welded, a base 201 is arranged on one side wall of the four-jaw chuck 2, a fixing tube 3 is bolted on the base 201, and the spindle 1 is rotatably connected with the fixing tube 3;

[0046] A locking assembly is provided on the main shaft 1, which is used to relatively lock and fix the main shaft 1 and the fixed tube 3. A locking assembly 4 is provided on the fixed tube 3, which is used to lock and fix the fixed tube 3. A driving mechanism 7 is provided on the outer side of the fixed tube 3, which is used to drive the locking assembly to lock or unlock. When the driving mechanism 7 drives the locking assembly to unlock, it synchronously drives the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed tube 3.

[0047] The locking assembly comprises a first locking mechanism 5 and a second locking mechanism 6;

[0048] The first locking mechanism 5 includes a first locking seat 501 sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube 3, a slider 502 is welded on the inner wall of the first locking seat 501, and the slider 502 is slidably connected with the first slide groove 304 opened on the outer wall of the fixed tube 3, a spring 503 is welded on one side wall of the slider 502, and the spring 503 is located in the first slide groove 304, a plurality of first locking teeth 505 are welded on one side wall of the first locking seat 501 away from the four-jaw chuck 2, and a plurality of limiting columns 504 distributed in an annular shape and at equal intervals are welded on the outer wall of the first locking seat 501;

[0049] The second locking mechanism 6 includes a second locking seat 601 welded and fixed on the main shaft 1. A plurality of second locking teeth 602 are welded on a surface of the second locking seat 601 opposite to the first locking seat 501. The plurality of second locking teeth 602 and the plurality of first locking teeth 505 are staggered with each other.

[0050] Specifically, the rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device is connected between the spindle 1 and the four-jaw chuck 2 by providing a fixed tube 3, that is, the spindle 1 is connected to the four-jaw chuck 2 through the fixed tube 3, and the spindle 1 is rotatably connected to the fixed tube 3, and a locking assembly is provided to relatively lock and fix the spindle 1 and the fixed tube 3, that is, during welding, the spindle 1 and the fixed tube 3 are relatively locked and fixed by the locking assembly, and the four-jaw chuck 2 can be driven to rotate by the spindle 1, thereby driving the workpiece clamped and fixed on the four-jaw chuck 2 to rotate, and when the welding is completed, the locking assembly is controlled to unlock, that is, the spindle 1 is rotatably connected to the fixed tube 3, so that after the workpiece is welded, when the workpiece is stationary, the spindle 1 and the motor connected to the spindle 1 can still maintain the rotation function, thereby reducing the damage to the spindle 1 and the motor by inertia, that is, overcoming the problem in the prior art that the spindle 1 needs to stop rotating immediately when the welding is completed, and the strong inertia generated by the high-speed rotating spindle 1 during the emergency stop damages both the spindle 1 and the motor.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 6-Figure 7 Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further discloses the structural composition of the locking assembly 4. The locking assembly 4 includes a truncated cone seat 401 and a connecting seat 402. The truncated cone seat 401 is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed tube 3. The connecting seat 402 is welded and fixed on the outer wall of the sliding seat 703. The top bolt of the connecting seat 402 is fixed with a friction locking block 403 used in conjunction with the truncated cone seat 401.

[0053] A limit plate 101 is welded to one end of the spindle 1 close to the four-jaw chuck 2, and an annular groove 303 for cooperating with the limit plate 101 is opened at one end of the fixed tube 3. An annular boss 301 is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the fixed tube 3, and a plurality of fastening bolts 302 are threadedly connected to the annular boss 301.

[0054] Specifically, on the basis of Example 1, when the driving mechanism 7 drives the locking assembly to unlock, it synchronously drives the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed tube 3. That is, when welding is completed, the locking assembly is controlled to unlock, so that the main shaft 1 and the fixed tube 3 are rotationally connected, and the friction locking block 403 is synchronously driven to move and squeeze on the truncated pedestal seat 401. The friction force between the friction locking block 403 and the truncated pedestal seat 401 forces the fixed tube 3 to stop rotating quickly, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly braking the workpiece.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 6-Figure 7 On the basis of the above embodiments, the present embodiment further discloses the specific structure of the driving mechanism 7. The driving mechanism 7 includes an annular seat 701 sleeved on the outer side of the fixed tube 3. A second slide groove 702 is provided on the inner wall of the annular seat 701 along the length direction. A sliding seat 703 is slidably connected in the second slide groove 702. A limiting ring 704 is sleeved in the annular seat 701, and the limiting ring 704 and the sliding seat 703 are welded and fixed to each other. An annular slide groove 709 is provided on the inner wall of the limiting ring 704 along its circumference. The top of the limiting column 504 extends into the annular slide groove 709. A driving component is provided on the inner wall of the annular seat 701, which is used to drive the limiting ring 704 to move back and forth in the annular seat 701.

[0057] The driving assembly includes a fixed block 705 , which is welded and fixed to one end of the inner wall of the annular seat 701 , and an electric push rod 706 is fixed to the fixed block 705 , and the movable end of the electric push rod 706 is welded and fixed to the limit ring 704 .

[0058] A fixing seat 707 is welded on the outer wall of the annular seat 701 , and a bolt hole 708 is formed on the fixing seat 707 .

[0059] Specifically, a driving mechanism 7 is provided on the outside of the fixed tube 3, which is used to drive the locking assembly to lock or unlock, and when the driving mechanism 7 drives the locking assembly to unlock, it synchronously drives the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed tube 3;

[0060] When the driving mechanism 7 drives the locking assembly to unlock, the specific method of synchronously driving the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed tube 3 is as follows: when welding is completed, the electric push rod 706 is controlled to extend, pushing the limit ring 704 to move in the direction of the four-jaw chuck 2, and the limit ring 704 drives the first locking seat 501 to move in the direction of the four-jaw chuck 2 through the limit column 504, so that the first locking tooth 505 on the first locking seat 501 is separated from the second locking tooth 602 on the second locking seat 601, that is, the locking assembly is unlocked. At this time, the spindle 1 is rotationally connected with the fixed tube 3, that is, the spindle 1 can no longer drive the fixed tube 3 to rotate, and when the limit ring 704 moves, the sliding seat 703 is synchronously driven to move, and the movement of the sliding seat 703 drives the friction locking block 403 to move synchronously and squeeze on the truncated table seat 401. The friction between the friction locking block 403 and the truncated table seat 401 forces the fixed tube 3 to stop rotating quickly, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid braking of the workpiece.

[0061] To sum up, when the driving mechanism 7 drives the locking assembly to unlock, it simultaneously drives the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed tube 3, so that the locking assembly is unlocked and the fixed tube 3 is quickly locked at the same time, and the workpiece clamped and fixed on the four-jaw chuck 2 at one end of the fixed tube 3 is quickly braked, so as to avoid relative movement between the two objects, which may cause pulling at the connection between the objects and affect the welding effect.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 8 , and also includes an emergency stop control unit, which is arranged on a fixing seat 707, and includes:

[0064] A data collection module is used to collect historical friction welding data of a rotary friction welding spindle. The historical friction welding data of the rotary friction welding spindle is collected when the workpiece welding meets the standard. The historical friction welding data includes the workpiece welding coefficient, welding control parameters, external environment temperature and friction welding time;

[0065] The welding control parameters include the speed and axial pressure of spindle 1;

[0066] The parameters that affect the welding coefficient of the workpiece include the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, the hardness of the workpiece and the friction coefficient of the workpiece;

[0067] Axial pressure refers to the force applied in the axial direction of the two workpieces to be welded;

[0068] The friction welding time is the time when the main shaft 1 stops rotating, that is, the time required for the two workpieces to be welded to generate heat by friction with each other until they melt and connect together during the friction welding process.

[0069] Model training module, which trains a machine learning model for predicting friction welding time based on historical friction welding data, collects the welding coefficient, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature of the workpiece to be welded in real time, and predicts the friction welding time based on the trained machine learning model;

[0070] The analysis control module controls the operation of the driving mechanism 7 based on the predicted friction welding time, drives the locking assembly to separate through the driving mechanism 7, and synchronously drives the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed pipe 3.

[0071] The expression of workpiece welding coefficient is:

[0072] ;

[0073] In the formula, is the workpiece welding coefficient, is the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, is the hardness of the workpiece, is the friction coefficient of the workpiece; , and is the weight factor, and , and Both are greater than 0.

[0074] It should be noted that the size of the weight coefficient is a specific value obtained by quantifying each data to facilitate subsequent comparison. The size of the weight coefficient depends on the number of comprehensive parameters and the preliminary setting of the corresponding weight coefficient for each set of comprehensive parameters by technical personnel in this field.

[0075] It should be noted that the larger the welding coefficient of the workpiece, the shorter the friction welding time of the workpiece, and vice versa. The larger the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, the longer the friction welding time of the workpiece, and vice versa, because materials with high thermal conductivity will dissipate heat faster, and thus may require longer friction time to reach the required temperature. The greater the hardness of the workpiece, the longer the friction welding time of the workpiece, and vice versa, because materials with higher hardness usually take longer to generate enough friction heat to complete welding. The larger the friction coefficient of the workpiece, the shorter the friction welding time of the workpiece, and vice versa, because materials with higher friction coefficients will generate heat faster, thereby reducing friction welding time.

[0076] It should be noted that the thermal conductivity, hardness and friction coefficient of the workpiece can all be obtained through experiments, which will not be elaborated here. The thermal conductivity can be obtained through the steady-state method, that is, by maintaining a constant temperature difference at both ends of the material and measuring the heat flow. The hardness can be obtained through the Brinell hardness, that is, a hard ball of a certain diameter is pressed into the material surface under a certain load and the indentation diameter is measured. The friction coefficient can be directly measured by using standard equipment such as a universal friction and wear testing machine and tested according to standard methods (such as ASTM D1894 or ISO 8295).

[0077] The training method of the machine learning model for predicting friction welding time includes:

[0078] The collected workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external environment temperature are converted into a corresponding set of feature vectors;

[0079] Each group of feature vectors is used as the input of the machine learning model. The machine learning model takes the friction welding time corresponding to each group of workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature as output, and the friction welding time actually corresponding to each group of workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature as the prediction target. Minimizing the loss function value of the machine learning model is used as the training goal. Training is stopped when the loss function value of the machine learning model is less than or equal to the preset target loss value.

[0080] The machine learning model may be one of support vector machine regression, random forest regression or neural network regression models.

[0081] It should be noted that in the machine learning model, the calculation formula for prediction error is: ,in, is the number of the characteristic data, is the prediction error, For the The predicted state value corresponding to the group feature data, For the The actual state value corresponding to the set of training data is the friction welding time.

[0082] Specifically, an emergency stop control unit is provided, which collects historical friction welding data of a rotating friction welding spindle, trains a machine learning model for predicting friction welding time based on the historical friction welding data, collects the welding coefficient of the workpiece to be welded, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature in real time, predicts the friction welding time based on the trained machine learning model, controls the driving mechanism 7 to work based on the predicted welding time, drives the locking assembly to separate through the driving mechanism 7, and synchronously drives the locking assembly 4 to lock and fix the fixed tube 3, thereby realizing automatic generation of friction welding time based on the welding coefficient of the workpiece, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature, without relying on human experience control, thereby ensuring the optimal balance between welding quality and efficiency.

[0083] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the description in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device, characterized in that: It comprises a main shaft (1) and a four-jaw chuck (2), wherein the four-jaw chuck (2) is used to clamp and fix a workpiece to be welded, a base (201) is provided on one side wall of the four-jaw chuck (2), a fixing tube (3) is bolted on the base (201), and the main shaft (1) is rotatably connected to the fixing tube (3); The main shaft (1) is provided with a locking assembly for relatively locking and fixing the main shaft (1) and the fixing tube (3); the fixing tube (3) is provided with a locking assembly (4) for locking and fixing the fixing tube (3); the fixing tube (3) is provided with a driving mechanism (7) on the outside of the fixing tube (3) for driving the locking assembly to lock or unlock; when the driving mechanism (7) drives the locking assembly to unlock, it synchronously drives the locking assembly (4) to lock and fix the fixing tube (3); The locking assembly comprises a first locking mechanism (5) and a second locking mechanism (6); The first locking mechanism (5) comprises a first locking seat (501) sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube (3), a slider (502) is welded on the inner wall of the first locking seat (501), and the slider (502) is slidably connected to a first slide groove (304) provided on the outer wall of the fixed tube (3), a spring (503) is welded on one side wall of the slider (502), and the spring (503) is located in the first slide groove (304), a plurality of first locking teeth (505) are welded on one side wall of the first locking seat (501) away from the four-jaw chuck (2), and a plurality of limiting columns (504) distributed in an annular shape and at equal intervals are welded on the outer wall of the first locking seat (501); The second locking mechanism (6) comprises a second locking seat (601) welded and fixed on the main shaft (1), a plurality of second locking teeth (602) being welded on a surface of the second locking seat (601) opposite to the first locking seat (501), and the plurality of second locking teeth (602) and the plurality of first locking teeth (505) being arranged in a staggered manner with respect to each other; The driving mechanism (7) comprises an annular seat (701) sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube (3); a second slide groove (702) is provided on the inner wall of the annular seat (701) along the length direction; a sliding seat (703) is slidably connected in the second slide groove (702); a limiting ring (704) is sleeved in the annular seat (701); the limiting ring (704) and the sliding seat (703) are welded and fixed to each other; an annular slide groove (709) is provided on the inner wall of the limiting ring (704) along the circumference thereof; the top end of the limiting column (504) extends into the annular slide groove (709); a driving component is provided on the inner wall of the annular seat (701) for driving the limiting ring (704) to move forward and backward in the annular seat (701); The locking assembly (4) comprises a truncated cone seat (401) and a connecting seat (402); the truncated cone seat (401) is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed tube (3); the connecting seat (402) is welded and fixed on the outer wall of the sliding seat (703); and a friction locking block (403) used in conjunction with the truncated cone seat (401) is fixed on the top bolt of the connecting seat (402).

2. The rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a fixed block (705), the fixed block (705) being welded and fixed to one end of the inner wall of the annular seat (701), and an electric push rod (706) being fixed to the fixed block (705), and a movable end of the electric push rod (706) being welded and fixed to a limiting ring (704).

3. The rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixing seat (707) is welded on the outer wall of the annular seat (701), and a bolt hole (708) is provided on the fixing seat (707).

4. The rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting disk (101) is welded to one end of the main shaft (1) close to the four-jaw chuck (2), an annular groove (303) for cooperating with the limiting disk (101) is provided at one end of the fixed tube (3), an annular boss (301) is provided on the outer wall of one end of the fixed tube (3), and a plurality of fastening bolts (302) are threadedly connected to the annular boss (301).

5. The rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an emergency stop control unit, which is arranged on a fixing seat (707) and includes: A data collection module is used to collect historical friction welding data of the rotary friction welding spindle, wherein the historical friction welding data of the rotary friction welding spindle is collected when the workpiece welding meets the standard, and the historical friction welding data includes the workpiece welding coefficient, welding control parameters, external environment temperature and friction welding time; The welding control parameters include the rotation speed and axial pressure of the spindle (1); The parameters affecting the welding coefficient of the workpiece include the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, the hardness of the workpiece and the friction coefficient of the workpiece; The axial pressure refers to the force applied in the axial direction of the two workpieces to be welded; The friction welding time is the time when the main shaft (1) stops rotating, that is, the time required for the two workpieces to be welded to generate heat by friction with each other until they melt and connect together during the friction welding process; Model training module, which trains a machine learning model for predicting friction welding time based on historical friction welding data, collects the welding coefficient, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature of the workpiece to be welded in real time, and predicts the friction welding time based on the trained machine learning model; The analysis control module controls the operation of the driving mechanism (7) based on the predicted friction welding time, drives the locking component to separate through the driving mechanism (7), and synchronously drives the locking component (4) to lock and fix the fixing tube (3).

6. The rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expression of the workpiece welding coefficient is: ； In the formula, is the workpiece welding coefficient, is the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, is the hardness of the workpiece, is the friction coefficient of the workpiece; , and is the weight factor, and , and Both are greater than 0.

7. The rotary friction welding spindle emergency stop device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The training method of the machine learning model for predicting friction welding time includes: The collected workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external environment temperature are converted into a corresponding set of feature vectors; Each group of feature vectors is used as the input of the machine learning model, and the machine learning model takes the friction welding time corresponding to each group of workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature as the output, and takes the friction welding time actually corresponding to each group of workpiece welding coefficients, welding control parameters and external ambient temperature as the prediction target, and takes minimizing the loss function value of the machine learning model as the training target; training is stopped when the loss function value of the machine learning model is less than or equal to the preset target loss value.

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