A furrow fertilizer device and a furrow fertilizing method for an orchard

Abstract

The application discloses a furrow fertilizing device and a fertilizing method for orchards, and belongs to the technical field of forestry machinery. The device comprises a furrow cutter head and a fertilizer discharging box connected to a machine frame, the furrow cutter head is installed on the machine frame through cutter head fixing devices, the furrow cutter head shaft is connected to a traction machine power transmission shaft through a power transmission device, a plurality of groups of soil cutting knives are uniformly and interval arranged along the circumference of the furrow cutter head, a group of throw-cut combined furrow knives are arranged between the two adjacent groups of soil cutting knives, each group of soil cutting knives and throw-cut combined furrow knives are arranged on the two sides of the furrow cutter head respectively, the intervals between the adjacent soil cutting knives and throw-cut combined furrow knives on the circumference of the furrow cutter head are the same, and the soil cutting knives and throw-cut combined furrow knives are staggered on the two sides of the furrow cutter head respectively; the soil cutting knives and throw-cut combined furrow knives are arranged on the two side discs of the furrow cutter head at intervals of 180 degrees, and a fertilizer discharging pipe is connected to a fertilizer discharging port at the bottom of the fertilizer discharging box, and the discharge port of the fertilizer discharging pipe corresponds to the furrow formed by the furrow cutter head. According to the application, the soil at any angle can be effectively cut and moved, and the uniformity and accuracy of furrowing are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a device and method for trenching and fertilizing in orchards. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, trenching and fertilization are commonly required in orchard cultivation to ensure crops receive sufficient nutrients. However, traditional trenching and fertilization machines have many problems in practical applications.

[0003] First, traditional trenching and fertilizing machines have a relatively wide trench. While a wider trench increases the contact area with fertilizer, it also causes greater soil disturbance. During operation, excessively wide trenches can damage fruit tree growth and disrupt soil structure, affecting soil aeration and water retention. Second, existing trenching machines typically use small cutter heads, limiting the amount of soil they can process at once, resulting in low efficiency. Furthermore, using only a single type of blade, without combining the advantages of cutting and throwing blades, limits the effectiveness of trenching and fertilizing machines in complex soil conditions. This can cause significant damage to fruit tree roots during operation. The inability to adjust to the different root distributions of various fruit trees makes it easy to sever roots during trenching, severely impacting the healthy growth of fruit trees. Additionally, traditional trenching and fertilizing machines often lack a ground wheel design or have the ground wheel located at the end of the trenching blade. This design lacks effective control over trench depth during operation, easily leading to uneven trench depth and affecting fertilization effectiveness. Furthermore, the lack of ground wheels hinders the equipment's stability, making it prone to tilting or vibration during operation, further impacting work quality. Finally, traditional trenching and fertilizing machines cannot adjust the trenching depth according to the age of the fruit trees. Fruit trees require different fertilization depths at different growth stages, but traditional equipment typically has a fixed trenching depth, lacking flexibility and resulting in unsatisfactory fertilization effects.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems of traditional trenching and fertilizing machines, it is particularly important to develop a trenching and fertilizing device that can effectively control the width and depth of trenching, reduce damage to the root system of fruit trees, and has a ground wheel design and depth adjustment function. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a trenching and fertilization device and method for orchards, aiming to improve the efficiency and accuracy of trenching and fertilization and reduce damage to fruit trees and soil.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention discloses a trenching and fertilizing device for orchards, comprising a trenching cutter disc and a fertilizer discharge box connected to a frame. The trenching cutter disc is mounted on the frame via a cutter disc fixing device, and the trenching cutter disc shaft is connected to the traction machine's power transmission shaft via a power transmission device. Multiple sets of soil cutting blades are evenly spaced along the circumference of the trenching cutter disc, and a set of throwing-cutting combination trenching blades is arranged between two adjacent sets of soil cutting blades. Each set of soil cutting blades and throwing-cutting combination trenching blades is placed on both sides of the trenching cutter disc, and the adjacent soil cutting blades and throwing-cutting combination trenching blades on the circumference of the trenching cutter disc are spaced at the same interval and are staggered on both sides of the trenching disc. Soil cutting blades and throwing-cutting combination trenching blades are arranged at 180-degree intervals on both sides of the trenching disc. A fertilizer outlet is opened at the bottom of the fertilizer discharge box, which is connected to a fertilizer conveying pipe, and the discharge port at the end of the pipe corresponds to the trench opened by the trenching cutter disc.

[0008] Furthermore, the cutting blade is an arc-shaped blade with a curved surface at the end that bends to one side. The curved part at the end is the tangent part, and the part that transitions to it is the lateral cutting part. The root is the handle. The lateral cutting part and the outer side of the tangent part form an outer lateral cutting edge. The outer lateral cutting edge has an arc-shaped structure at the end that bends towards the curved surface. The end of the tangent part is the tangent edge, which has an angular structure. The tangent surface of the cutting blade is near the end of the outer lateral cutting edge. The curved surfaces of the cutting blades installed on both sides of the trenching cutterhead are opposite to each other, that is, the curved surfaces face outwards.

[0009] Furthermore, the combined throwing and cutting trenching cutter has a soil-throwing blade inside the cutting blade. The soil-throwing blade is an arc-shaped curved blade. The working end of the soil-throwing blade is close to the tangential edge of the cutting blade. The distance L between the centroid of the soil-throwing blade and the tip of the tangential edge of the cutting blade is 50mm, forming a curved shape towards the tangential edge and the inner side of the cutting blade. The bending angle α is 30°. When the combined throwing and cutting trenching cutter is installed, the soil-throwing blade is located on the cutting blade on the side facing the rotation direction of the trenching cutter disc.

[0010] Furthermore, the width at both ends of the soil-throwing sheet is smaller than the width in the middle, the maximum length W of the soil-throwing sheet is 120mm, and the maximum width b is 60mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the radius of the trenching cutter head is 800mm, and the radius of the soil cutting blade and the combined trenching blade with throwing and cutting on the trenching disc is 300mm; the thickness of the trenching cutter head is 50mm.

[0012] Furthermore, a ground wheel assembly is installed, which is mounted on a ground wheel bracket on the frame opposite to the trenching cutter head. Sleeves are installed on the ground wheel shafts on both sides of the ground wheel, and bearings are installed between the sleeves and the ground wheel shafts. Depth adjustment rods are symmetrically connected to the sleeves and connected to the ground wheel brackets through the depth adjustment rods. A hydraulic rod is also installed between the frame and the sleeves. The installation height of the ground wheel is adjusted by the position of the depth adjustment rod connected to the ground wheel bracket and the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod, thereby adjusting the trenching depth of the trenching cutter head.

[0013] Furthermore, the ground wheel is evenly spaced along its outer periphery with multiple slice groups I and slice groups II. Slice group I is a large rectangular plate, and slice group II is two small rectangular plates. The two small rectangular plates of slice group II are symmetrically close to the two end faces of the ground wheel. The large rectangular plate of slice group I is located in the middle of the ground wheel surface, and the outer edges of the adjacent large rectangular plates and the inner edges of the two small rectangular plates overlap.

[0014] Furthermore, the depth adjustment rod is equipped with a scale, and the depth of the ground wheel can be adjusted by using the locking hole on the depth adjustment rod and the height of the ground wheel bracket.

[0015] Furthermore, a soil covering mechanism is also provided on the frame behind the trenching cutter head, including a soil covering adjustment frame connected to the frame. Mounting sleeves are provided at both ends of the soil covering adjustment frame, and soil covering adjustment rods are adjustablely fitted on them. Two soil covering blades are symmetrically arranged below the soil covering adjustment rods. The two soil covering blades are arranged in a V-shape, with the flared end of the V-shape facing the trenching cutter head.

[0016] The trenching and fertilization method of the trenching and fertilization device for orchards described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0017] (1) Adjust the installation height of the ground wheel;

[0018] (2) Adjust the installation height of the soil covering adjustment frame;

[0019] (3) The size of the fertilizer discharge port can be adjusted by the adjustable slider provided with the fertilizer discharge port;

[0020] (4) Adjust the forward speed. The forward speed of the machine should be adjusted to be within the range of 0.4m / s-1m / s, and the speed of the cutter head should be between 133.76rad / min-286.62rad / min.

[0021] (5) The traction device drives the trenching cutter head and ground wheel to rotate through the power transmission device, and the trenching cutter head opens the trench; the power transmission device drives the auger in the fertilizer discharge box to push the fertilizer through the fertilizer discharge port into the trench opened by the trenching cutter head for fertilization.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The trenching cutterhead of this invention features multiple sets of cutting blades evenly spaced along its circumference. A combined cutting and throwing trenching blade is positioned between adjacent sets of cutting blades. The cutting blades and the combined cutting and throwing trenching blades are staggered on both sides of the trenching cutterhead with equal spacing, ensuring that soil at any angle can be effectively cut and moved, thereby improving the uniformity and accuracy of trenching. The staggered design of the cutting blades and the combined cutting and throwing trenching blades allows the cutting blades to precisely cut the soil, while the combined cutting and throwing trenching blades effectively throw the soil into the trenching area. The two sets of trenching blades symmetrically arranged on the trenching cutterhead not only provide balance and reduce vibration during operation but also improve the efficiency of cutting and throwing soil through evenly distributed force.

[0024] 2. By optimizing the trench width design, this invention ensures that the overall trench width is less than 100mm, which can reduce soil disturbance while ensuring efficient trenching and fertilization.

[0025] 3. This invention, by incorporating ground wheels with depth adjustment rods and hydraulic rods, allows for trenching depth adjustment up to 500mm. This enables the equipment to manually or automatically adjust the trenching depth according to the needs of different growth stages of fruit trees, reducing errors caused by manual use of the tractor's three-point suspension and improving fertilization efficiency and operational stability. The ground wheels and trenching cutter discs are distributed on both sides of the frame, helping to maintain machine balance during operation, ensuring consistent and accurate trenching depth, and better controlling the machine's travel path and working depth, thereby optimizing work quality.

[0026] 4. To ensure efficient soil projection, the speed of the trenching cutter head is adjusted within the range of 0.4 m / s to 1 m / s, and the spindle speed ranges from 133.76 rad / min to 286.62 rad / min. This allows for flexible adaptation to different soil conditions, adjusting the speed to suit soil hardness and moisture. Lower speeds help reduce disturbance to the soil structure while ensuring sufficient power for soil cutting and movement, making it ideal for areas sensitive to fruit tree roots. Higher speeds allow the soil to be projected further and more evenly, while also effectively cutting away crop root residues in the soil.

[0027] 5. The trenching cutter head of the present invention has a diameter of 800mm. The larger diameter of the trenching cutter head and the optimized layout of the soil cutting blades result in less overall disturbance to the soil during machine operation, especially in orchards where it is necessary to protect the organic structure of the soil and avoid damaging the root system.

[0028] 6. The fertilizer discharge box of this invention adopts a push-type fertilizer discharge auger. Under the push of the auger's spiral blades, the fertilizer flows out from the discharge port of the fertilizer discharge box, ensuring that the fertilizer is evenly distributed near the crop roots. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A structural diagram from another angle.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching cutter head in this invention.

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The left view.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil cutting blade in this invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combined grooving cutter used in this invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a side view of the grooving cutter combined with the blasting tool in this invention.

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the soil-throwing slab and the soil-cutting blade.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the soil dumping structure.

[0038] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure.

[0039] Figure 11 , Figure 12 A schematic diagram illustrating the soil-throwing process of a combined ditching and cutting tool.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the auger inside the fertilizer discharge box.

[0041] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Top view.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Trenching cutter head; 11. Soil cutting blade; 111. Front cutting edge; 112. Front cutting section; 113. Side cutting edge; 114. Handle; 115. Side cutting section; 116. Front cutting end face; 12. Throwing and cutting combination trenching cutter; 13. Soil throwing plate; 14. Cutter head fixing device; 141. Fixing arm; 142. Bearing; 143. Fastener;

[0043] 2. Fertilizer discharge box; 21. Support rod; 22. Fertilizer discharge port; 23. Fertilizer conveying pipe; 24. Discharge port; 25. Fertilizer discharge auger;

[0044] 3. Ground wheel assembly; 31. Ground wheel; 32. Sleeve; 33. Bearing; 34. Depth adjustment rod; 35. Hydraulic rod; 36. Slicing group I; 37. Slicing group II;

[0045] 4. Power transmission shaft;

[0046] 5. Power transmission device; 51. Protective plate; 52. Transmission chain; 53. Pulley; 54. Gearbox;

[0047] 6. Frame, 61. Ground wheel support,

[0048] 7. Three-point suspension bracket; 71. Connector; 72. Fixing rod;

[0049] 8. Covering mechanism; 81. Covering blade; 82. Covering adjustment rod; 83. Covering adjustment frame; 84. Mounting sleeve; 85. Sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0051] Example: Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention discloses a trenching and fertilizing device for orchards, comprising a trenching cutter disc 1 and a fertilizer discharge box 2 connected to a frame 6. The trenching cutter disc 1 is mounted on the frame 6 via a cutter disc fixing device 14, and the trenching cutter disc shaft is connected to the power transmission shaft 9 of a traction machine via a power transmission device 5. Multiple sets of soil cutting blades 11 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the trenching cutter disc 1, and a set of throwing-cutting combination trenching blades 12 is arranged between two adjacent sets of soil cutting blades 11. Each set of soil cutting blades 11 and throwing-cutting combination trenching blades 12... There are two trenching blades 12, which are placed on both sides of the trenching blade disc 1. The adjacent soil cutting blades 11 and the throwing-cutting combination trenching blades 13 on the circumference of the trenching blade disc 1 are spaced at the same interval and are staggered on both sides of the trenching disc 1. The soil cutting blades 11 and the throwing-cutting combination trenching blades 12 are respectively arranged at 180 degrees on both sides of the trenching disc 1. A fertilizer outlet 22 is opened at the bottom of the fertilizer discharge box 2, which is connected to the fertilizer conveying pipe 23. The discharge port 24 at the end of the pipe corresponds to the trench opened by the trenching blade disc 1.

[0052] The cutter head fixing device 14 consists of two sets, which are respectively placed on both sides of the trenching cutter head 1. Each set includes a fixing arm 141, a bearing 142, and a fastener 143. The bearings 142 placed on both sides of the trenching cutter head 1 are installed on the trenching cutter head shaft. The fixing arm 141 is sleeved on the bearing 142 and fixed by the fastener 143. The other end of the fixing arm 141 is connected to the frame 6. The trenching cutter head shaft is connected to the power transmission device 5.

[0053] like Figures 3-10As shown, the cutting blade 11 is an arc-shaped blade with a curved surface at the end. The curved part at the end is the tangent part 112, which is connected to the lateral cutting part 115. The root is the handle 114, which has a mounting hole. The lateral cutting part 115 and the tangent part 112 form an outer side cutting edge 113. The outer side cutting edge 113 has an arc-shaped structure at the end that bends towards the curved surface 112. The end of the tangent part 112 is the tangent blade 111, which has an angular structure to facilitate cutting into the soil. The end of the outer side cutting edge 113 is the tangent surface of the tangent blade 111. The height H of the tangent surface end face 116 is 65mm, and the edge is sharp for effectively cutting and breaking the soil. The cutting blades 11 installed on both sides of the trenching cutter head 1 have opposite curved surfaces, that is, the curved surfaces face outward.

[0054] The combined ditching cutter 12 has a soil-throwing blade 13 installed inside the soil-cutting blade 11. In this example, the soil-throwing blade 13 is connected to the soil-cutting blade 11 by welding. The soil-throwing blade 13 is an arc-shaped curved blade. The working end of the soil-throwing blade 13 is close to the tangential edge of the soil-cutting blade. The distance L between the centroid of the soil-throwing blade and the top of the tangential edge of the soil-cutting blade is 50mm. The width at both ends of the soil-throwing blade 13 is smaller than the width in the middle. The maximum length W of the soil-throwing blade 13 is 120mm, the maximum width b is 60mm, and the thickness h is 6mm, which can ensure a ditch of 100mm, forming a curved shape towards the working end and the inner side of the soil-cutting blade. The bending angle α is 30°, that is: α is the inclination angle of the line connecting the top of the soil-throwing blade to the root of the bend relative to the intersection of the side cutting part and the tangential part of the soil-cutting blade. When the combined ditching cutter 12 is installed, the soil-throwing blade is located on the side of the soil-cutting blade facing the rotation direction of the ditching cutter disc.

[0055] The trenching cutter head 1 has a radius of 800mm, and the soil cutting blades 11 and the combined throwing and cutting trenching blades 12, which are set on the two discs on both sides of the trenching disc 1, have a radius of 300mm. The thickness of the trenching cutter head 1 is 50mm, which can achieve a trenching width of 100mm. The trenching depth can be adjusted to 500mm.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a ground wheel assembly 3 is also installed. The ground wheel assembly 3 is mounted on a ground wheel bracket 61 on the frame 6 opposite to the trenching cutter head 1. Sleeves 32 are provided on the ground wheel shafts on both sides of the ground wheel 31. Bearings 33 are provided between the sleeves 32 and the ground wheel shafts. Depth adjustment rods 34 are symmetrically connected to the sleeves 32 and connected to the ground wheel bracket 61. A hydraulic rod 35 is also provided between the frame 6 and the sleeves 32. One end of the hydraulic rod 35 is connected to the frame 6 and the other end is connected to the sleeves 32. The installation height of the ground wheel 31 is adjusted by the position of the depth adjustment rod 34 connected to the ground wheel bracket 61 and the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod 35, thereby adjusting the trenching depth of the trenching cutter head 1.

[0057] The ground wheel 31 is evenly spaced around its outer perimeter with multiple slice groups I 36 and II 37. Slice group I 36 is a large rectangular plate, and slice group II 37 consists of two small rectangular plates. The two small rectangular plates of slice group II 37 are symmetrically located near the two end faces of the ground wheel 31 to refine soil treatment near the edge of the ground wheel 31, especially in cases where untreated soil may remain at the rotating edge of the ground wheel 31. The large rectangular plate of slice group I 36 is located in the middle of the wheel surface of the ground wheel 31 to maintain soil flatness during movement and to cut larger areas of soil. The outer edges of adjacent large rectangular plates and the inner edges of the two small rectangular plates overlap to ensure continuity of soil treatment and avoid omissions during the rolling of the ground wheel 31. This overlap ensures that each slice group I 36 or II 37 covers areas that the previous slice group II 37 or I 36 may have missed.

[0058] The depth adjustment rod 34 is equipped with a scale. The depth of the ground wheel 31 can be adjusted by using the locking hole on the depth adjustment rod 34 and the height of the ground wheel bracket 61.

[0059] like Figures 13-14 As shown, the fertilizer discharge box 2 is equipped with a right-push type fertilizer discharge auger 25 (with the machine's forward direction as the front), and its mounting bolt is a bolt with a handle, located at the end of the fertilizer discharge auger shaft, and connected to the fertilizer discharge box 2 through a bearing seat or a fixing plate.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, a soil covering mechanism 8 is also provided on the frame 6 behind the trenching cutter head 1, including a soil covering adjustment frame 83 connected to the frame 6. Mounting sleeves 84 are provided at both ends of the soil covering adjustment frame 83, and soil covering adjustment rods 82 are adjustablely sleeved on them. Two soil covering blades 81 are symmetrically arranged below the soil covering adjustment rods 82. The two soil covering blades 81 are arranged in a V-shape, with the flared end of the V-shape facing the trenching cutter head 1.

[0061] Among them, the soil covering adjustment frame 83 is composed of a T-shaped frame. The top rod of the T-shaped frame is connected to the frame 6 through the sleeve 85. The sleeve 85 and the mounting sleeve 84 are both provided with mounting holes. The top rod of the T-shaped frame and the soil covering adjustment rod 82 are both provided with multiple adjustment holes. After the height is adjusted, they are connected by bolts.

[0062] A three-point suspension bracket 7 is installed at one end of the frame 6 near the trenching cutterhead 1. The top of the three-point suspension bracket 7 is a connector 71 for connecting to the tractor. This connector 71 is also connected to the gearbox housing of the power transmission device 5 via a fixing rod 72. The power transmission shaft 4 is the main shaft connecting the tractor and the trenching and fertilizing device. The power transmission device 5 includes a gearbox 54, a belt drive assembly, and a transmission chain assembly. The gearbox 54 contains multiple gears (existing technology). The speed and torque can be adjusted as needed to increase or decrease the speed and increase or decrease the torque to adapt to different working conditions. Power is first transmitted from the tractor to the gearbox 54 of the power transmission device 5 via the power transmission shaft 4. The gearbox 54 is connected via a belt drive. The ditching cutterhead 1 is connected to the fertilizer auger 25 of the fertilizer discharge box 2 via a transmission chain. Specifically, a drive pulley 53 is installed at one end of the output shaft of the gearbox 54, and a driven pulley is installed on the ditching cutterhead shaft. The drive and driven pulleys are connected by a transmission belt, smoothly transmitting a large amount of power to the ditching cutterhead 1, driving it to work, cutting and discharging soil to form ditches suitable for fertilization. The high-speed rotation of the ditching cutterhead 1 is supported by the cutterhead fixing device 14, ensuring operational stability and efficiency. A drive sprocket is installed at the other end of the output shaft of the gearbox 54, and the drive sprocket is connected to the driven sprocket installed at the end of the fertilizer auger shaft via a transmission chain 52, driving the fertilizer auger 25 to start working. A guard plate 51 is provided on the outer periphery of the transmission chain to prevent dust from falling into the transmission chain 52 and affecting the transmission. The transmission chain not only provides a stable and reliable power transmission method, but also effectively transmits a large torque to the fertilizer auger 25, ensuring its efficient operation during fertilization. The movement of the auger blades 25 pushes the fertilizer towards the discharge port 22. The fertilizer is then evenly distributed in the prepared trenches through the outlet 24 of the fertilizer delivery pipe 23 connected to the discharge port 22. This process ensures that the fertilizer is precisely located in the root zone of the crop, maximizing fertilizer effectiveness and crop absorption. The soil covering mechanism 8 is operated by two soil covering blades 81, which are precisely controlled by the soil covering adjustment rod 82. The soil covering blades 81 re-cover the soil after trenching, ensuring soil stability and fertilizer protection in the fertilization area. The soil covering adjustment bracket 83 keeps the soil covering blades 81 in the correct position and angle, thereby ensuring uniformity and effectiveness of soil covering. The depth adjustment rod of the ground wheel assembly works in conjunction with the hydraulic rod 35 to adjust the installation height of the ground wheel 31, maintaining the balance of the implement and the consistency of trenching depth during operation. The ground wheel 31 is arranged opposite to the trenching cutter head 1, helping to adjust and stabilize the implementation on uneven ground and preventing tilting or vibration during fertilization.

[0063] The present invention relates to a trenching fertilization device for orchards, comprising the following steps:

[0064] (1) By adjusting the installation height of the depth adjustment rod 34 and cooperating with the extension hydraulic rod 35, the installation height of the ground wheel 31 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the trenching depth of the trenching cutter head 1; so as to effectively adapt to different soil and crop planting conditions;

[0065] (2) By adjusting the installation height of the soil covering adjustment frame 83, the sleeve 85 on the frame 6, the mounting sleeve 84, and the soil covering adjustment rod 82, the installation height of the soil covering blade 81 connected to the soil covering adjustment rod 82 is adjusted to facilitate soil covering.

[0066] (3) The size of the fertilizer outlet 22 can be adjusted by the adjustable slider provided with the fertilizer outlet 22; the user can adjust the size of the fertilizer outlet 22 according to different fertilization needs. In this example, the adjustment is achieved by setting a manual knob on the adjustment slider. By turning the manual knob, the adjustment slider is driven to adjust the fertilizer outlet 22 to increase or decrease the opening, thereby achieving precise control of fertilizer flow; improving fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental impact;

[0067] (4) Adjust the forward speed. The forward speed of the tool should be adjusted to a range of 0.4 m / s to 1 m / s, and the rotation speed of the trenching cutterhead 1 should be between 133.76 rad / min and 286.62 rad / min. When adjusting the forward speed and cutterhead rotation speed of the trenching tool, the appropriate settings should first be determined according to the soil type. For example, for heavy clay soil, it is generally recommended to set the forward speed to a lower range, such as 0.4 m / s to 0.6 m / s, to ensure sufficient digging force, while increasing the cutterhead rotation speed to approximately 250 rad / min to 286.62 rad / min to enhance the cutting effect and reduce the burden on the tool. For deeper trenches, a slower forward speed (approximately 0.4 m / s to 0.5 m / s) helps to ensure the accuracy and depth of digging, while the cutterhead rotation speed can be set to a medium to high range (approximately 200 rad / min to 286.62 rad / min) to adapt to the cutting needs of deep soil.

[0068] (5) The traction device (in this example, a tractor) drives the trenching cutter head 1 and the ground wheel 31 to rotate through the power transmission device 5. The trenching cutter head 1 performs trenching. The power transmission device 5 drives the fertilizer discharge auger 25 in the fertilizer discharge box 2 to push fertilizer through the fertilizer discharge port 22 into the trench opened by the trenching cutter head 1 for fertilization. The fertilizer is then covered by the two covering blades 81 of the covering mechanism 8.

[0069] like Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, the soil-throwing process of the combined ditching cutter 12 is analyzed, and the design method of the soil-throwing blade 13 is as follows:

[0070] The parameters that affect the soil dumping distance are: trench depth, soil dumping sheet bending angle α, and maximum soil dumping sheet width b;

[0071] The trenching depth determines the depth to which soil is cut and thrown; it is related to the working depth of the trenching cutter, the thickness of the cut soil, and the movement path of the soil on the throwing disc. The depth of cutting into the soil affects the trajectory of the soil during throwing; when the trenching depth is greater, the soil has more kinetic energy, and therefore the throwing distance will also increase. The trenching depth is the same as the tangential edge height H of the throwing disc 13, which is the path the soil takes during cutting and throwing; the trenching depth determines the contact area and friction between the soil and the throwing disc, and also affects the relative velocity of the soil before throwing; therefore, a larger trenching depth can increase the throwing distance, but if the depth is too large, it may result in an excessive amount of soil being thrown, thus affecting the overall throwing effect. In this example, both the trenching depth and the tangential edge height H of the throwing disc 13 are set to 65mm.

[0072] The bending angle α of the soil-throwing plate determines the direction in which the soil is thrown. In the design of the soil-throwing plate 13, the bending angle α affects the trajectory of the soil as it flies out of the plate and the initial throwing angle. The bending angle α of the soil-throwing plate is the relative bending angle between the soil entry point and the throwing point, i.e., the bending shape of the soil-throwing plate 13. This allows the soil to be gradually guided from the inner arc side to the throwing direction, so that it has a certain throwing angle when it leaves the soil-throwing plate 13. According to the projectile theory, the horizontal distance B of the projectile is related to the throwing angle α. The maximum throwing distance usually occurs at an angle of about 45°. In practical applications, the bending angle α is adjusted according to the specific working conditions to maintain the best throwing effect under different soil conditions, which can ensure sufficient throwing distance and reduce soil disturbance.

[0073] The maximum width b of the soil-throwing plate directly affects the contact area between the soil and the soil-throwing plate 13, thus affecting the soil-grabbing ability and throwing efficiency of the soil-throwing plate 13. This ensures that the soil is evenly distributed on the surface of the soil-throwing plate 13 during the throwing process, increasing the stability of the throwing. The width of the soil-throwing plate 13 determines the lateral distribution of the soil on the soil-throwing plate. A larger width can grab more soil, increasing the initial kinetic energy of the soil and thus increasing the throwing distance. However, if the width is too large, the soil may not be able to leave the soil-throwing plate smoothly, causing soil retention. Therefore, the maximum width b of the soil-throwing plate ensures that the soil can quickly detach from the soil-throwing plate during the throwing process to achieve the maximum throwing distance.

[0074] The specific algorithm is as follows: Treating soil particles as point masses, the soil undergoes parabolic motion when leaving the soil-throwing plate 13. The distance the soil travels from the soil-throwing plate 13 is:

[0075]

[0076] S=Bsinδ1 (3)

[0077] In the formula, B is the distance of soil dumping (m).

[0078] S—Lateral throwing distance, m

[0079] v — the initial velocity when thrown, in m / s

[0080] δ—Angle between the initial velocity and the ground at launch (°)

[0081] δ1—The projection of the initial velocity v onto the ground and v y The included angle, (°)

[0082] g—acceleration due to gravity, 9.8m 2 / s

[0083] v x v y v z —Component of the initial (absolute) velocity v in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, in m / s

[0084] And δ1 satisfies tanδ1=v y / v x

[0085] Substituting equation (2) into equation (1), we get:

[0086]

[0087] Both the maximum width b of the dumping slab and the tilt angle γ of the dumping slab will affect v. x v y v z To determine the maximum width b and tilt angle γ of the dumped soil, a dynamic analysis of the dumped soil is required, such as... Figure 11 , Figure 13 As shown,

[0088] First, establish a coordinate system oxyz, where point o is the rotation center of the cutting blade of the combined ditching cutter. The positive y-axis is consistent with the forward direction of the machine, the x-axis is horizontal, and the z-axis is vertically upward. The cutting blade handle side of the cutting blade is located in the yoz plane.

[0089] Since the required tilt angle γ and maximum width b of the soil-throwing plate are both related to the plane of the soil-throwing plate, in order to facilitate the representation of the relevant parameters of the soil-throwing plate 13, the coordinate system x1o1y1 is established on the plane of the soil-throwing plate 13 with the intersection of the long side and the short side of the soil-throwing plate 13 as the origin o1, the short side as the x1 axis, and the long side as the y1 axis. x1o1y1 forms an angle γ with the yoz plane, and the x1o1y1 plane forms an angle β with the xoy plane.

[0090] Based on the angular relationship between the soil-throwing plate 13 and the coordinate system yoz, xoy of the cutting blade's rotation center, v x vy v z Represented as:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula:

[0093] r1—is the radius of gyration of o1, the intersection of the long and short sides of the soil-throwing blade 13 near the end of the cutting blade, in meters; where the long side is on the y1 axis and the short side is on the x1 axis.

[0094] v r —The relative velocity of soil sliding on the surface of the dumped soil, in m / s

[0095] ω—Angular velocity of the grooving cutter, rad / s

[0096] v m —The soil velocity as the trencher advances, in m / s

[0097] v a —The rotation of the combined ditching blade 12 causes soil to be drawn in at a speed of m / s.

[0098] v x v y v z Let v be the component of the absolute velocity v in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. The absolute velocity v of the soil on the soil-throwing plate 13 is the entrainment velocity v driven by the rotation of the throwing and cutting combination trenching cutter 12. a The relative velocity v of the soil sliding on the surface of the soil slab 13 r The soil moves forward at a speed v. m The sum of vectors, v r v a v m The velocity components in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system are v x ,v y ,v z After solving each component individually, a vector sum is performed to obtain the absolute velocity v of the soil, which determines its trajectory. The vector sum not only determines the total velocity of the soil but also the direction in which it is thrown. Different velocity components will affect the soil in different directions; calculating the vector sum clarifies the final throwing angle and distance. The magnitude and direction of the absolute velocity directly affect the trajectory and distance of the thrown soil.

[0099] Where the entrainment velocity v a The direction is the negative y-axis, and the calculation formula is:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula: x'1—the instantaneous abscissa of the soil particle on the soil slab 13,

[0102] The angle between δ2—r1 and the y-axis, (°)

[0103] To solve for the relative velocity v of the soil sliding on the surface of the soil slab 13 r The forces acting on soil particles on the slab are analyzed, such as... Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the soil is subjected to the combined effects of gravity, centrifugal force, Coriolis force, and friction under the rotation of the combined ditching cutter. The gravity component G along the x1 and y1 axes is... x G y Both are mgsinγcosβ; the components of centrifugal force F on the x1 and y1 axes. lx F ly The calculation formula is:

[0104]

[0105] Let k = cosβcosγ, then the Coriolis force components F on the x1 and y1 axes are... gx F gy for:

[0106]

[0107] Let k1 = ω 2 (r1cosδ2-x'1cosβ), the components of frictional force F on the x1 and y1 axes. fx F fy for:

[0108] F Gx =mfsinρ(sinβ(gsinγ+k1)+2v C ω(cosρsinγ+sinρ)cosβ) (9)

[0109] In the formula, ρ represents the angle between the relative soil velocity and the x1 axis (°).

[0110] F—Friction factor between soil particles and the surface of the dumped soil sheet

[0111] According to geometric relationships, the relative velocity v r Direction satisfied:

[0112]

[0113] When the soil slides from the side cutting section 115 and the front cutting section 112 of the combined ditching blade 12 to the y1 axis of the soil-throwing plate, the relative velocity v is... r Since the direction coincides with the x1 axis, the angle ρ is 0°, and the soil is only subjected to gravity and centrifugal force at this time, the derivation of equation (9) is as follows:

[0114] g=-ωcosβ(r1cosδ2+x′1cosβ)tanγ (11)

[0115] Based on the trenching depth, the height H of the tangential end face of the combined trenching cutter is set to 65mm. The curves of the tangential cutting edge 111 and the side cutting edge 113 remain unchanged. The rotation radius r1 of point o1 is set to 230mm. Then the rotation radius wrap angle δ2 of point o1 is 60°. This is to ensure the stability of the movement trajectory and soil throwing effect of the soil throwing blade 13 during the rotation of the cutter, and to ensure that the cutter can smoothly complete the functions of cutting and throwing soil when rotating.

[0116] The trenching depth is determined based on cutting mechanics theory. The cutting depth of the trenching cutter should balance soil resistance and cutting force to ensure effective soil penetration without excessively increasing cutting resistance. A 65mm tangential height keeps the cutting angle of the trenching cutter within the optimal range, reducing cutting force and improving tool efficiency. Excessive height increases the cutting angle, leading to excessive soil resistance; insufficient height may result in insufficient cutting depth, affecting efficiency. It also ensures appropriate soil particle size after cutting, avoiding damage to soil structure and crop roots. It maintains stable trenching depth and soil dumping effect in most farmland soils. According to soil disturbance theory, a reasonable trenching cutter design not only needs to cut the soil but also minimize soil disturbance to maintain soil aeration and moisture retention. A 65mm tangential height minimizes soil disturbance during trenching, preserving the integrity of the soil structure.

[0117] The material of the soil-throwing plate 13 in this example is manganese steel, and the soil is mostly sandy loam. The friction coefficient f between the soil and the soil is 0.65. The friction coefficient f describes the magnitude of the friction force between the soil-throwing plate 13 and the soil. The friction force plays an important role in the entire soil-throwing process, especially when the soil and the soil-throwing plate 13 come into contact and slide. The friction force affects the sliding speed and direction of the soil.

[0118] Since the tangent part 112 of the soil-throwing plate 13 and the combined ditching cutter 12 is also inclined along the bending line MK, and the inclination angle is consistent with the bending angle α of the tangent part 112, the angle β formed by the coordinate system x1o1y1 plane and xoy plane established on the plane of the soil-throwing plate 13 is consistent with the bending angle α of the combined ditching cutter 12, both being 30°, that is, β=α=30°;

[0119] Set the advance speed v of the tool for installing the combined trenching cutter. mThe speed is 0.5 m / s; the rotational speed of the trenching cutter head shaft is 200 r / min, so ω is 20.94 rad / s; according to the agronomic requirement that the maximum width of the soil dumped to the edge of the ditch is 100 mm, the width of the soil dumping, that is, the lateral distance of the soil dumping, S, is taken as 100 mm. The unknowns γ, b, and v are solved by the above formulas (3), (8), and (9). r Eliminate v using the elimination method r Finally, we found that γ = 30°, x'1 = 60mm, and the maximum width b of the soil dumping plate is equal to the instantaneous abscissa x'1 of the soil particles on the soil dumping plate 13, that is, the maximum width b of the soil dumping plate is 60mm.

[0120] Where γ is the angle formed by the x1o1y1 plane and the yoz plane;

[0121] β is the angle formed by the x1o1y1 plane and the xoy plane.

[0122] γ = β = α = 30°. The bending angle α of the soil-throwing plate indicates the degree of bending of the soil-throwing plate 13 from the root to the top, which determines the direction of soil throwing. The angle β is the angle between the plane of the soil-throwing plate 13 and the rotation plane of the trenching blade. When β = 30°, it means that the plane of the soil-throwing plate 13 is tilted by 30° relative to the rotation plane of the trenching blade, so that the soil-throwing plate can effectively throw the soil to the side rather than straight. The angle γ is the angle formed by the soil-throwing plate and the cutting blade, which reflects the angle between the soil-throwing plate 13 and the soil movement trajectory during the soil throwing process. γ = 30° means that the angle at which the soil is thrown from the soil-throwing plate 13 is consistent with the relative movement direction of the soil-throwing plate. The equality of the three angles ensures that the angle design of the soil-throwing plate 13, the cutting blade 11 and the soil throwing is coordinated, which helps to optimize the soil throwing trajectory and distance. It ensures that a balance is found between soil throwing efficiency and reducing soil disturbance.

[0123] Components not described in detail in this application are all existing conventional technologies and will not be described further here.

[0124] It is understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention to achieve the same technical effect; as long as the use needs are met, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trenching and fertilization device for orchards, characterized in that: The system includes a trenching cutterhead and a fertilizer discharge box connected to a frame. The trenching cutterhead is mounted on the frame via a cutterhead fixing device, and the trenching cutterhead shaft is connected to the traction machine's power transmission shaft via a power transmission device. Multiple sets of cutting blades are evenly spaced along the circumference of the trenching cutterhead. Each cutting blade is an arc-shaped blade with a curved end, the curved portion being a tangential section, and the end of the tangential section having a tangential cutting edge, forming an angular structure. A set of combined cutting and throwing trenching blades is placed between two adjacent sets of cutting blades. Each set of cutting blades and combined cutting and throwing trenching blades is positioned on both sides of the trenching cutterhead, with adjacent cutting blades and combined cutting and throwing trenching blades on the circumference of the trenching cutterhead spaced at equal intervals, staggered on both sides of the trenching disc. Multiple cutting blades are also positioned at 180-degree intervals on both sides of the trenching disc. The device is equipped with a soil cutting blade and a combined ditching blade with throwing and cutting. The combined ditching blade with throwing and cutting has a throwing blade inside the soil cutting blade. The throwing blade is an arc-shaped curved blade with its working end close to the tangential edge of the soil cutting blade. The distance L between the centroid of the throwing blade and the apex of the tangential edge of the soil cutting blade is 50mm, forming a curved shape towards the tangential edge and the inner side of the throwing blade. The bending angle α is 30°. When the combined ditching blade with throwing and cutting is installed, the throwing blade is located on the side of the soil cutting blade facing the rotation direction of the ditching blade disc. The width of the throwing blade at both ends is smaller than the width at the middle. The maximum length W of the throwing blade is 120mm, and the maximum width b is 60mm. A fertilizer outlet is opened at the bottom of the fertilizer discharge box, which is connected to a fertilizer conveying pipe. The discharge port at the end of the pipe corresponds to the groove opened by the ditching blade disc.

2. The trenching and fertilizing device for orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting part is connected to the cutting part of the cutting blade by a side cutting part. The root is the handle. The side cutting part and the outer side of the cutting part form an outer side cutting edge. The outer side cutting edge has an arc-shaped structure with the end bent towards the curved surface. The cutting surface of the cutting blade is near the end of the outer side cutting edge. The cutting blades installed on both sides of the trenching cutter head have opposite curved surfaces, that is, the curved surfaces face outward.

3. The trenching and fertilizing device for orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trenching cutter head has a radius of 800mm, and the cutting blade and throwing cutting combination trenching blade set on the trenching disc have a radius of 300mm; the thickness of the trenching cutter head is 50mm.

4. The trenching and fertilizing device for orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ground wheel assembly is installed, which is mounted on a ground wheel bracket on the frame opposite to the trenching cutter head. Sleeves are installed on the ground wheel shafts on both sides of the ground wheel, and bearings are installed between the sleeves and the ground wheel shafts. Depth adjustment rods are symmetrically connected to the sleeves and connected to the ground wheel brackets. A hydraulic rod is also installed between the frame and the sleeves. The installation height of the ground wheel is adjusted by the position of the depth adjustment rod connected to the ground wheel bracket and the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod, thereby adjusting the trenching depth of the trenching cutter head.

5. The trenching and fertilizing device for orchards according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ground wheel is evenly spaced along its outer perimeter with multiple slice groups I and slice groups II. Slice group I is a large rectangular plate, and slice group II is two small rectangular plates. The two small rectangular plates of slice group II are symmetrically close to the two end faces of the ground wheel. The large rectangular plate of slice group I is located in the middle of the ground wheel surface, and the outer edges of the adjacent large rectangular plates and the inner edges of the two small rectangular plates overlap.

6. The trenching and fertilizing device for orchards according to claim 4, characterized in that: The depth adjustment rod is equipped with a scale, and the depth of the ground wheel can be adjusted by using the locking hole on the depth adjustment rod and the height of the ground wheel bracket.

7. The trenching and fertilizing device for orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trenching cutter head is also equipped with a soil covering mechanism on the frame behind it, including a soil covering adjustment frame connected to the frame. The soil covering adjustment frame is equipped with mounting sleeves at both ends, and a soil covering adjustment rod is adjustablely fitted on it. Two soil covering blades are symmetrically arranged below the soil covering adjustment rods. The two soil covering blades are arranged in a V-shape, with the flared end of the V-shape facing the trenching cutter head.

8. A method for applying fertilizer by using the trenching and fertilizing device for orchards as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Adjust the installation height of the ground wheel; (2) Adjust the installation height of the soil covering adjustment frame; (3) The size of the fertilizer discharge port can be adjusted by the adjustable slider provided at the discharge port; (4) Adjust the forward speed. The forward speed of the machine should be adjusted to be within the range of 0.4 m / s-1 m / s, and the speed of the cutter head should be between 133.76 rad / min-286.62 rad / min. (5) The traction device drives the ditching cutter head and ground wheel to rotate through the power transmission device, and the ditching cutter head opens the ditch; the power transmission device drives the auger in the fertilizer discharge box to push the fertilizer through the fertilizer discharge port into the ditch opened by the ditching cutter head for fertilization.

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