A method for underplanting black pine mushroom in a macadamia nut orchard in a near-natural way

Abstract

The application discloses a method for undergrowth near-natural interplanting of black chicken nest fungus in a macadamia nut forest, which comprises the following steps: (1) fungus bed digging and sterilization treatment: removing undergrowth dry branches, fallen leaves and sundries on the surface of soil of the macadamia nut forest, then digging a fungus bed in the macadamia nut forest, and performing sterilization treatment on soil of the fungus bed; (2) fungus bag making: taking a macadamia nut shell, sundry wood chips, corn cobs, wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal and lime as raw materials to make a cultivation substrate, sterilizing the cultivation substrate after bagging, then inoculating black chicken nest fungus spores into the cultivation substrate and sealing, so as to obtain the fungus bag. The method scientifically plans the distribution position of the fungus bed, utilizes the macadamia nut shell to make the cultivation substrate, realizes efficient utilization of resources, improves the yield of the macadamia nut, and can obtain the black chicken nest fungus with high yield, so that the win-win of ecology and economic benefits is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. Specifically, it is a method for near-natural interplanting of black-skin chicken nest fungus under macadamia nut forest. BACKGROUND

[0002] Black-skin chicken nest fungus (Oudemans iella raphan ipies), also known as egg-spore small Oudemans fungus, long-rooted golden fungus, and dew chicken nest fungus, is a medium-high temperature type mushroom, belonging to Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, and Agaricaceae. It is distributed in most parts of China and foreign countries such as Australia, India, Japan, Thailand, and South Korea. It is a rare and highly valuable edible fungus, with a unique taste and tender texture, rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements. It is both a food and a medicine, rich in nutrients, and can be eaten raw or cooked. It is highly favored by people and is the best of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Currently, black-skin chicken nest fungus is cultivated in Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Yunnan, Fujian, and other places.

[0003] In Guangdong, the spring planting is carried out from December to January to make fungus bags, and the fungus bags are placed in the field in February and March when the soil temperature is stable above 20℃ for mushroom management. The autumn planting is carried out from September to October to make fungus bags, and the fungus bags are placed in the field in November and December when the soil temperature drops below 28℃ for mushroom management. Black-skin chicken nest fungus is a soil-borne wood-decaying fungus. Covering the soil can increase the activity of soil microorganisms, resulting in more fruiting bodies and healthier growth.

[0004] In the prior art, a large amount of cultivation raw materials need to be prepared for fungus bag propagation, which greatly increases the cost. After picking, the fungus bags also need to be transported back for recycling and processing, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a method for near-natural interplanting of black-skin chicken nest fungus under macadamia nut forest using macadamia nut shells to make fungus bags and the fungus bags as fertilizers after picking. The method provided by the present application scientifically plans the distribution position of the fungus bed and uses macadamia nut shells to make the cultivation substrate, achieving efficient use of resources, improving the yield of macadamia nuts, and obtaining high-yield black-skin chicken nest fungus, promoting the win-win of ecology and economic benefits.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for near-natural interplanting of black-skin chicken nest fungus under macadamia nut forest, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Fungus bed excavation and sterilization treatment: removing the dead branches, leaves, and sundries on the surface of the soil of the macadamia nut forest, then excavating the fungus bed in the macadamia nut forest, and sterilizing the soil of the fungus bed;

[0009] (2) Making a fungus bag: using Australian macadamia nut shell, mixed wood chips, corn cob, wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal and lime as raw materials to make a cultivation substrate, sterilizing the cultivation substrate after bagging, then inoculating black-brown chicken nest fungus spores into the cultivation substrate and sealing, to obtain the fungus bag; in the present application, Australian macadamia nut shell is used to make the cultivation substrate, which makes full use of agricultural product waste and can reduce the production cost of the fungus bag by 10%. The method provided in the present application can complete artificial cultivation of chicken nest fungus in a near-natural environment, fully utilizes the shading effect of Australian macadamia nut trees, does not need to build a fungus shed, and has simple management during the fruiting period and high production efficiency.

[0010] (3) Placing the fungus bag in a room for mycelium cultivation, taking out the fungus stick after the fungus bag is full of mycelium, transplanting the fungus stick to a fungus bed, covering soil and performing management during the fruiting period until the mycelium forms fruiting bodies, and harvesting the mature fruiting bodies;

[0011] In the step (1), the fungus bed is arranged around the single Australian macadamia nut tree, and the vertical distance between the fungus bed and the trunk of the Australian macadamia nut tree adjacent thereto is greater than or equal to 0.6 meters. The terminal roots of the Australian macadamia nut tree, which have strong water and nutrient absorption capacity, are usually distributed in the soil more than 0.6 meters away from the trunk. When the terminal roots are located near the fungus bed, the inorganic salts produced by the black-brown chicken nest fungus in the decomposition of the organic matter in the cultivation substrate can also be more conveniently absorbed into the Australian macadamia nut tree through the terminal roots, which promotes the growth of the Australian macadamia nut tree.

[0012] The fungus bed in the step (1) has a bottom lower than the ground by 10-25 cm, and a circle of soil ridge is arranged on the outer periphery of the fungus bed, the top of the soil ridge being higher than the ground by 8-10 cm, and the width D of each fungus bed being 1.0-1.5 meters. The average height H of the Australian macadamia nut forest is greater than or equal to 5 meters, the distance between the two adjacent Australian macadamia nut trees in the same planting row is greater than or equal to 4.5 meters, and the distance W between the two adjacent planting rows is greater than or equal to 4.5 meters and less than or equal to 10.5 meters. When the depth of the fungus bed is in the range of 10-25 cm, the temperature of the environment in which the fungus stick is located during the fruiting period can be more stably maintained between 15-30℃, which is conducive to obtaining more fruiting bodies. When the distance between the planting rows is too large, the tree crown of the Australian macadamia nut tree may not be able to shade the fungus bed between the rows.

[0013] The fungus bed in the step (1) has a bottom lower than the ground by 10-25 cm, and a circle of soil ridge is arranged on the outer periphery of the fungus bed, the top of the soil ridge being higher than the ground by 8-10 cm, and the width D of each fungus bed being 1.0-1.5 meters. The average height H of the Australian macadamia nut forest is greater than or equal to 5 meters, the distance between the two adjacent Australian macadamia nut trees in the same planting row is greater than or equal to 4.5 meters, and the distance W between the two adjacent planting rows is greater than or equal to 4.5 meters and less than or equal to 10.5 meters. When the depth of the fungus bed is in the range of 10-25 cm, the temperature of the environment in which the fungus stick is located during the fruiting period can be more stably maintained between 15-30℃, which is conducive to obtaining more fruiting bodies. When the distance between the planting rows is too large, the tree crown of the Australian macadamia nut tree may not be able to shade the fungus bed between the rows.

[0014] (a) if 5≤H<7, then L=(W-D) / 2;

[0015] (b) if H≥7, then L=(W-2D) / 2-0.15;

[0016] wherein, when H meets the condition (a), one fungus bed is arranged between two adjacent Macadamia trees; when H meets the condition (b), two fungus beds are arranged between two adjacent Macadamia trees. The method for determining the value of L in the present application comprehensively considers the tree height of Macadamia tree, the root distribution of Macadamia tree, the sunshine environment of the planting site, the suitable growth environment of K. australe, and is obtained through the experience summary of multiple test planting. When L is determined according to this method, it is not only beneficial to the growth of K. australe, but also beneficial to the cultivation substrate after harvesting the fruiting bodies to provide fertilizer for the Macadamia forest, and the absorption efficiency of the Macadamia tree to the fertilizer is relatively high.

[0017] The method for near-natural interplanting K. australe under Macadamia forest described above, the average tree height H of the Macadamia forest is 9-10 meters, the fungus bed is arranged in the form of a rectangular frame around a single Macadamia tree; the plant spacing of two adjacent Macadamia trees in the same planting row is 5 meters, the spacing W of two adjacent planting rows is 7 meters, and the width D of each fungus bed is 1.2 meters.

[0018] The method for near-natural interplanting K. australe under Macadamia forest described above, in step (2), the preparation method of the cultivation substrate is as follows: taking Macadamia nut shell 30-40 parts, corn cob 15-20 parts, mixed wood chips 15-20 parts, wheat bran 15-25 parts, corn flour 4-6 parts, soybean meal 2-5 parts and lime 1-3 parts by weight, adding water and mixing uniformly, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5, to obtain the cultivation substrate; the water content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 60wt%-65wt%; each fungus bag contains 1-1.5 kg of cultivation substrate.

[0019] The method for near-natural interplanting K. australe under Macadamia forest described above, in step (2), the preparation method of the cultivation substrate is as follows: taking Macadamia nut shell 30-40 parts, corn cob 15-20 parts, mixed wood chips 15-20 parts, wheat bran 15-25 parts, corn flour 4-6 parts, soybean meal 2-5 parts and lime 1-3 parts by weight, adding water and mixing uniformly, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5, to obtain the cultivation substrate; the water content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 60wt%-65wt%; each fungus bag contains 1-1.5 kg of cultivation substrate.

[0020] The method for near-natural interplanting K. australe under Macadamia forest described above, in step (3), the temperature condition for mycelium culture is 18-25℃, and the culture time is 30-40 days.

[0021] The method for near-natural interplanting K. australe under Macadamia forest described above, in step (3), when transplanting in February-March, the transplanting is performed after the average ground temperature for 10 consecutive days is greater than 20℃; when transplanting in November-December, the transplanting is performed after the average ground temperature for 10 consecutive days is less than 28℃. The ground temperature refers to the temperature at a depth of 10 cm below the surface of the fungus bed soil.

[0022] The method for near-natural interplanting of Kurogimeshi under the macadamia nut trees in the above description, in step (3), when transplanting, the mushroom sticks are placed vertically at the bottom of the mushroom bed, and at least 10 mushroom sticks are transplanted around each macadamia nut tree; before covering the soil, a fungicide is sprayed on the mushroom sticks, the water content of the soil in the mushroom bed is adjusted to 18wt%-20wt%, then the soil is covered by 2-3 cm, a fungicide is sprayed on the surface of the mushroom bed and the mushroom sticks, and finally the soil is covered to a thickness of 3-4 cm above the mushroom sticks; the soil used for covering is sterilized peat soil, grass carbon soil and / or forest humus. Kurogimeshi is a soil-borne wood-decaying fungus, and covering the soil can increase the activity of soil microorganisms, so that more fruiting bodies are produced and grow more robustly. Around each macadamia nut tree, 10 mushroom sticks are transplanted, and 15-20 kg of Kurogimeshi can be obtained in each planting season, achieving good economic benefits. After harvesting Kurogimeshi, the cultivation substrate rots into fertilizer, realizing the recycling of materials between the two crops, and having high ecological benefits.

[0023] The method for near-natural interplanting of Kurogimeshi under the macadamia nut trees in the above description, in step (3), during the fruiting period management, the ground temperature at the mushroom bed is 15℃-30℃, and the relative humidity of the air at the mushroom bed is 85%-90%.

[0024] The technical solution of the present application achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. The method provided in the present application improves the suitability of the growth environment of Kurogimeshi. The present application controls the growth environment of Kurogimeshi during the fruiting period by controlling the distribution position of the mushroom bed, and realizes the goal of near-natural interplanting of Kurogimeshi in the macadamia nut forest through scientific cultivation methods and field management methods. This method fully utilizes the shading effect of macadamia nut trees, does not need to build a mushroom shed, and has simple fruiting period management and high production efficiency. The harvested cultivation substrate can be used as fertilizer, and has high economic and ecological benefits.

[0026] 2. The method for determining the vertical distance between the trunk of the macadamia nut tree and the mushroom bed adjacent to the north side in the present application comprehensively considers the tree height of the macadamia nut tree, the root distribution, the sunlight environment of the planting site, and the habits of Kurogimeshi, and is obtained through the experience summary of multiple test plantings. The method provided in the present application is not only beneficial to the growth of Kurogimeshi, but also does not interfere with the growth of macadamia nut trees, and is also beneficial to the efficient absorption of the cultivation substrate left after cultivating Kurogimeshi by the terminal roots of the macadamia nut trees, promoting the growth of the macadamia nut trees.

[0027] 3. In the present application, the cultivation substrate is made of macadamia nut shells, which fully utilizes agricultural product waste and significantly reduces the production cost of the mushroom sticks. In addition, after harvesting Kurogimeshi, the cultivation substrate rots into fertilizer, realizing the recycling of materials between the two crops, improving the resource utilization efficiency, and reducing the disposal cost of waste. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the fungal bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the fungal bed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the fungal beds in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Macadamia nuts are typically cultivated in open fields in Guangdong and Hainan provinces of my country. The macadamia nut orchard in this embodiment is located in Guangdong Province. The orchard consists of multiple parallel planting rows extending east-west. The macadamia trees in each row are positioned correspondingly to each other. The average tree height (H) is 7 meters. The distance between two adjacent macadamia trees within the same planting row (the distance between the trunks) is 4.5 meters. The distance between the trunks of two corresponding macadamia trees in two adjacent planting rows (i.e., the spacing W between planting rows) is also 4.5 meters.

[0033] In this embodiment, black-skinned termite mushrooms are intercropped in macadamia nut forests according to the following method:

[0034] (1) Excavation and Sterilization of Mushroom Beds: Remove dead branches, leaves, and debris from the surface of the macadamia nut forest soil. Then, excavate mushroom beds within the forest and sterilize the soil. The mushroom beds are arranged in a square frame surrounding a single macadamia tree. The trunk of the macadamia tree is located at the center of the square, and the vertical distance L between the trunk and the adjacent mushroom bed to its north is 0.7 meters. The bottom of the mushroom bed is 20 centimeters below ground level, and a surrounding earthen ridge is provided. The top of the ridge is 10 centimeters above ground level. The width D of the mushroom bed is approximately 1.4 meters. The mushroom beds are distributed as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the shaded area represents the mushroom bed, and the circle represents the trunk of the macadamia tree. Two mushroom beds were set up between two adjacent macadamia trees, with a spacing of approximately 30 centimeters between them. After the mushroom beds were dug, a fungicide solution was sprayed around and at the bottom of the beds to kill any unwanted microorganisms in the soil. This step was carried out in October 2022.

[0035] The vertical distance between the mycelium bed and the trunk of the Macadamia tree next to it should be greater than 0.6 meters, and the minimum distance should not be less than 0.45 meters, and the average tree height H of the Macadamia forest should not be less than 5 meters. Macadamia trees with a tree height of less than 5 meters are usually sub-adults, with smaller canopies, making it difficult to effectively shade the K. australe. When the tree height of the Macadamia tree is greater than 5 meters, the closer to the trunk, the shallower the root system of the Macadamia tree in the soil, which will make it more difficult to dig the mycelium bed near the trunk (especially within 0-0.45 meters from the trunk, with a large number of thick Macadamia tree roots distributed within 20 cm below the ground surface). On the other hand, the terminal roots of the Macadamia tree, which have strong water and nutrient absorption capacity, are usually distributed in the soil more than 0.6 meters away from the trunk. When the terminal roots are located near the mycelium bed, the inorganic salts produced by the decomposition of organic matter in the cultivation medium by K. australe can be more easily absorbed into the Macadamia tree through the terminal roots, providing better promotion for the growth of the Macadamia tree.

[0036] (2) Making a fungus bag: Macadamia nut shells, wood chips, corn cobs, wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal and lime are used to make the cultivation medium. After the cultivation medium is bagged and sterilized, K. australe spores are inoculated into the cultivation medium and sealed to obtain the fungus bag. The specific method is as follows: 35 parts of Macadamia nut shells, 18 parts of corn cobs, 18 parts of wood chips, 20 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of soybean meal and 1 part of lime are weighed, water is added and mixed, and the pH is adjusted to 6 to obtain the cultivation medium. The water content of the prepared cultivation medium is 65wt%. Each fungus bag contains 1 kg of cultivation medium.

[0037] (3) The fungus bag is placed in a room for mycelium culture. The temperature condition for mycelium culture is 18-25°C. The mycelium of K. australe has a post-maturation characteristic and needs to be cultured for 30-40 days. After the fungus bag is full of mycelium, the mycelium forms a fungus stick by winding around the cultivation medium. Transplanting is performed after the average ground temperature for 10 consecutive days is less than 28°C from November to December. In other embodiments, transplanting can also be performed after the average ground temperature for 10 consecutive days is greater than 20°C from February to March.

[0038] When transplanting, the cultivation bag is cut open and the fungus stick is removed, and the fungus stick is placed vertically on the mycelium bed. The distance between adjacent two fungus sticks is 2 cm, and the fungus stick is placed on the mycelium bed until the mycelium bed is full, and then the soil is prepared.

[0039] Before covering, first spray the stick with carbendazim, and adjust the soil moisture content of the bed to 18wt%-20wt%, then cover 2-3 cm, and spray the bed and stick surface with carbendazim again, and finally cover to 3-4 cm above the stick. The space between the sticks should be filled with soil. The soil used for covering should be sterilized peat soil, grass carbon soil and / or forest humus. The black chicken mushroom is a soil-borne wood-rotting fungus, and covering can increase the activity of soil microorganisms, and make the fruiting bodies more and grow stronger.

[0040] After covering, water the bed thoroughly, and then water again after a week or so, and then water again after another week or so, so that the stick can absorb enough water and prepare for fruiting.

[0041] After covering, the fruiting period management is carried out. During the fruiting period, the relative humidity of the air should be 85%-90%, and the ground temperature of the bed should be 15°C-30°C. The ground temperature and air humidity can be adjusted by spraying water and ventilation. The spraying should be "dry-wet", and avoid long-term high humidity to cause the reproduction of mushroom flies and mites; the black chicken mushroom prefers darkness to weak light. Generally, ventilate 1-2 times a day, each time for 30 minutes. After the first batch of mushrooms is harvested, clean the surface soil and mushroom residues in time, and spray water to increase soil humidity. At this time, water should be sprayed frequently, and light water should be used to prevent the soil from being too wet or clumping.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The macadamia nut forest in this example is located in Guangdong Province. The forest has multiple rows of parallel planting rows, and the planting rows extend in the east-west direction. The positions of the macadamia nut trees in the various planting rows correspond to each other. The average tree height H is about 9.6 meters. The distance between two adjacent macadamia nut trees in the same planting row is 5 meters. The distance between the positions of the tree trunks of two corresponding macadamia nut trees in adjacent planting rows (i.e. the distance W between the planting rows) is 7 meters.

[0044] The difference between the method of interplanting black chicken mushrooms in the macadamia nut forest in this example and that of Example 1 is that in step (1), the dug beds are in the shape of a rectangular frame around a single macadamia nut tree, and the distribution of the beds is as shown in Figure 2 The L in the figure is 2.15 meters, the width D of the bed is about 1.2 meters, and the distance between the beds located between the two planting rows is about 30 cm. The distance between the two beds located between the two macadamia nut trees in the same planting row and the respective adjacent macadamia nut tree trunks is 0.7 meters, and the distance between the two beds is 1.2 meters.

[0045] The macadamia nut forest in the embodiment has a higher average tree height and a larger planting row spacing, and the planting row spacing is greater than the plant spacing of the macadamia nut trees in the same planting row, so the root system of the macadamia nut trees will tend to extend between the planting rows to reduce competition between the plants and obtain more water and nutrients. The mushroom bed should be located as far away as possible from the macadamia nut trees in the planting rows to facilitate the absorption of the cultivation substrate remaining in the mushroom bed after the cultivation of the black-pored chicken nest is completed.

[0046] Embodiment 3

[0047] The macadamia nut forest in the embodiment is located in Guangdong Province. The macadamia nut forest has multiple parallelly arranged planting rows. The planting rows extend in the east-west direction. The positions of the macadamia nut trees in the various planting rows correspond to each other. The average tree height H is about 6 meters. The plant spacing between the two adjacent macadamia nut trees in the same planting row is 4.5 meters. The distance between the trunks of the two corresponding macadamia nut trees in the adjacent planting rows (i.e., the spacing W of the planting rows) is 4.5 meters.

[0048] The method for interplanting the black-pored chicken nest in the macadamia nut forest in the embodiment differs from that in Embodiment 1 in that in step (1), the mushroom beds are distributed as shown in Figure 3 The shadowed part in the figure represents the mushroom bed. One mushroom bed is arranged between the two adjacent macadamia nut trees. In the figure, L is 1.5 meters. The width D of the mushroom bed is 1.5 meters. The minimum distance (vertical distance) between the mushroom bed between the two macadamia nut trees in the same planting row and the trunk of the immediately adjacent macadamia nut tree is 0.6 meters. Overall, the mushroom beds are distributed in a mesh shape, and the macadamia nut trees are located in the grid.

[0049] When the mushroom sticks are transplanted, a certain human passage should be left on the mushroom bed, and the mushroom sticks should not be transplanted in the passage. However, it should be noted that at least 10 mushroom sticks should be transplanted around each macadamia nut tree.

[0050] Generally, in Guangzhou, the shadow cast by the trees on their north sides at noon in February to March and November to December is about 0.5H-0.9H long. In the embodiment, the mushroom beds between the planting rows can still be shaded by the macadamia nut trees when the light is strong at noon, which is conducive to the growth of the black-pored chicken nest.

[0051] Further, the inventors found through long-term planting and testing that when the tree height is greater than 7 meters, the vertical distance between the trunk of the macadamia tree and the fungus bed adjacent to the north side thereof is determined according to L = (W-2D) / 2-0.15, which can better ensure the environment required for the growth of K. australe, avoiding the fungus bed from being exposed to sunlight for a long time during the fruiting period, and ensuring the temperature and humidity of the fungus bed position, preventing the formation of a long-term high-humidity environment. Meanwhile, the planting medium after harvesting K. australe can be better absorbed by the terminal roots of the macadamia tree as fertilizer, providing nutrients for the growth of the macadamia tree. When the tree height is greater than or equal to 5 meters and less than 7 meters, one fungus bed is preferably arranged between the two adjacent planting rows, and the vertical distance between the trunk of the macadamia tree and the fungus bed adjacent to the north side thereof is determined according to L = (W-D) / 2.

[0052] In other embodiments, the macadamia trees in the adjacent two planting rows can also be staggered. The fungus beds surrounding the macadamia trees can also be arranged in a circular or polygonal shape.

[0053] To determine the promoting effect of the above method of near-natural interplanting K. australe under the macadamia forest on the yield increase of the macadamia tree, yield statistics were conducted. In the macadamia forest in Example 2, two seasons of K. australe were interplanted according to the method provided in Example 2, and each time 15 fungus rods were transplanted under each tree during each transplanting in November 2022 and February 2023, respectively. After the fruiting period of K. australe, the fungus bed and the soil ridge were flattened, and the macadamia nuts were harvested in August 2023. The average yield per tree of the macadamia nuts was calculated and compared with the average yield per tree of the macadamia nuts without interplanting K. australe in 2022. Table 1 shows the statistical results.

[0054] Table 1

[0055] Year Kg per plant Kg per plant 2023 76.9 24.6 2022 62.3 -

[0056] According to the above statistical results, after interplanting two seasons of K. australe in the macadamia forest, the yield per tree of the macadamia nuts can be increased by about 23%, and each macadamia tree can generate additional income of about 116 yuan per kilogram according to the purchase price of 8 yuan per kilogram. In addition, under the condition of two seasons of planting, the fungus bed under each macadamia tree can produce a total of 24.6 kg of K. australe, and the K. australe under each tree can generate additional income of about 1000 yuan according to the purchase price of 40 yuan per kilogram for artificially cultivated K. australe. The above method of near-natural interplanting K. australe under the macadamia forest can effectively achieve yield and income increase.

[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the above description, one of ordinary skill in the art can make other different forms of changes or modifications. Here, it is not necessary or possible to enumerate all the embodiments. The obvious changes or modifications derived from the above should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned termite mushrooms under macadamia nut trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Excavation and sterilization of the mushroom bed: Remove dead branches, leaves and debris from the soil surface of the macadamia forest, then excavate the mushroom bed in the macadamia forest and sterilize the soil of the mushroom bed. (2) Making mushroom bags: The cultivation substrate is made from macadamia nut shells, hardwood chips, corn cobs, wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal and lime. The cultivation substrate is bagged and sterilized. Then, black-skinned chicken mushroom spawn is inoculated into the cultivation substrate and sealed to obtain mushroom bags. (3) Place the mushroom bag indoors for mycelial culture. After the mushroom bag is full of mycelium, cut open the mushroom bag and take out the mushroom stick. Transplant the mushroom stick into the mushroom bed, cover it with soil and manage the fruiting period until the mycelium forms fruiting bodies. Harvest the fruiting bodies after they have matured. Among them, the macadamia nut forest has multiple rows of parallel planting rows; in step (1), the fungal bed is set up around a single macadamia nut tree, and the vertical distance between the fungal bed and the trunk of the adjacent macadamia nut tree is greater than or equal to 0.6 meters. In step (1), the bottom of the mushroom bed is 10-25 cm below the ground, and a soil ridge is set around the outer perimeter of the mushroom bed. The top of the soil ridge is 8-10 cm above the ground. The width D of each mushroom bed is 1.0-1.5 meters. The average tree height H of the macadamia nut forest is greater than or equal to 5 meters. The distance between two adjacent macadamia nut trees in the same planting row is greater than or equal to 4.5 meters. The distance W between two adjacent planting rows is greater than or equal to 4.5 meters and less than or equal to 10.5 meters. The planting rows extend in an east-west direction. In step (1), the vertical distance L between the macadamia tree trunk and the adjacent mycelium bed to its north is determined according to the following conditions: (a) If 5 ≤ H < 7, then L = (WD) / 2; (b) If H≥7, then L=(W-2D) / 2-0.15; where, When H meets condition (a), there is one mycelium bed between two adjacent macadamia trees; when H meets condition (b), there are two mycelium beds between two adjacent macadamia trees. In step (2), the cultivation substrate is prepared as follows: by weight, weigh 30-40 parts of macadamia nut shells, 15-20 parts of corn cobs, 15-20 parts of hardwood sawdust, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 2-5 parts of soybean meal, and 1-3 parts of lime, add water and mix well, adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5, and the cultivation substrate is obtained; the moisture content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 60wt%-65wt%; each spawn bag contains 1-1.5 kg of cultivation substrate.

2. The method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned termite mushrooms under macadamia nut forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average tree height H in the macadamia nut forest is 9-10 meters. The mushroom beds are set up in a rectangular frame around a single macadamia nut tree. The distance between two adjacent macadamia nut trees in the same planting row is 5 meters, the distance W between two adjacent planting rows is 7 meters, and the width D of each mushroom bed is 1.2 meters.

3. The method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned matsutake mushrooms under macadamia nut forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the cultivation substrate is prepared as follows: by weight, weigh 35 parts of macadamia nut shells, 18 parts of corn cobs, 18 parts of hardwood sawdust, 20 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of soybean meal and 1 part of lime, add water and mix well, adjust the pH to 6, and the cultivation substrate is obtained; the moisture content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 65wt%; each spawn bag contains 1 kg of cultivation substrate.

4. The method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned termite mushrooms under macadamia nut forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the temperature conditions for mycelial culture are 18-25℃ and the culture time is 30-40 days.

5. The method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned termite mushrooms under macadamia nut forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), when transplanting in February or March, transplanting should be carried out after the average soil temperature for 10 consecutive days is greater than 20℃; when transplanting in November or December, transplanting should be carried out after the average soil temperature for 10 consecutive days is less than 28℃.

6. The method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned matsutake mushrooms under macadamia nut forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), when transplanting, place the mushroom sticks upright at the bottom of the mushroom bed, and transplant at least 10 mushroom sticks around each macadamia tree; before covering with soil, spray fungicide on the mushroom sticks and adjust the soil moisture content of the mushroom bed to 18wt%~20wt%, then cover with soil 2~3 cm, spray fungicide on the surface of the mushroom bed and mushroom sticks, and finally cover with soil until the thickness of the soil layer above the mushroom sticks is 3~4 cm; the soil used for covering with soil is sterilized peat soil, sphagnum moss and / or forest humus.

7. The method for near-natural intercropping of black-skinned termite mushrooms under macadamia nut forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), during the fruiting period management, the soil temperature at the mushroom bed is 15℃~30℃, and the relative humidity of the air at the mushroom bed is 85%~90%.

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