A method for cultivating plants resistant to taro phytophthora

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for cultivating taro phytophthora-resistant plants, and relates to the technical field of taro phytophthora-resistant plants. The method for cultivating taro phytophthora-resistant plants comprises the following steps: according to the environmental requirements of the land to be transplanted, selecting a cultivation seed taro suitable for the land to be transplanted; germinating the selected seed taro for 10 days, peeling the terminal bud under a sterile environment, and carrying out tissue culture in a test tube through a culture medium, cultivating for 90-150 days, until the taro seedlings have 3-5 leaves, and the main root system is about 6-10cm, and then transplanting to a nutrient pot on the seedbed for 30-40 days; evenly applying phosphorus and potash fertilizers to the above-mentioned taro seedlings, and spraying bactericides; moving the above-mentioned taro seedlings to the land to be transplanted, and transplanting according to the transplanting standard; controlling the ambient air humidity to 60-75%, and performing shading treatment, moisturizing and shading management for 10-15 days, and maintaining humidity and improving light after 7 days. The present invention controls the growth environment of the plant to adapt it to the external climate, is conducive to the growth and development of the plant, and improves the survival rate and resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of taro phytophthora-resistant plants, in particular to a method for cultivating taro phytophthora-resistant plants. Background Art

[0002] The pathogen of Phytophthora taro is a fungus, which mainly harms leaves, petioles and corms. The lesions on the leaves are circular, brown or yellowish brown, with unclear edges. When enlarged, they become large, ring-shaped lesions of alternating dark and light brown, often surrounded by dark green or yellowish green water-soaked halos. In a humid environment, sparse white mold (sporangia and sporangiophores) and rice-sized honey-yellow drips often grow on the spots, both on the front and back, but more obvious on the back of the leaves. In the later stages, the diseased leaves dry up, crack and become perforated. In severe cases, most of the diseased tissue falls off, leaving only the veins. On the petioles, the lesions are oblong, dark brown, with unclear edges, and sparse white mold grows on the surface. The affected part of the corm turns brown.

[0003] The pathogen not only harms the leaves and petioles, but also the bulbs, causing them to rot and deteriorate. The fungus overwinters in the affected part as mycelium, produces sporangia in the spring of the second year, spreads by wind and rain, produces germ tubes or zoospores to infect, and then produces sporangia in the diseased part for re-infection. In addition to requiring high humidity of more than 90%, sporangium germination can directly germinate and produce germ tubes at temperatures above 27°C, and produce more zoospores at 10-22°C, but most sporangia lose their vitality when the temperature is below 10°C.

[0004] Since taro blight is more serious in rainy and high temperature environments, the existing technology is unable to resist it based on this characteristic. Secondly, the fungicides in the existing technology cannot effectively fight against the pathogen, resulting in large-scale plant death. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating plants resistant to taro blight, thereby solving the problem of taro blight invading plants.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Seed selection:

[0010] According to the environmental requirements of the land to be transplanted, select the taro variety suitable for the land to be transplanted and select the seed taro;

[0011] Step 2: Seedling cultivation:

[0012] The selected seed taro is germinated for about 10 days, the terminal buds are peeled off in a sterile environment, and tissue culture is carried out in a test tube through a culture medium for 90-150 days, and the taro seedlings are transplanted to a nutrient pot on a seedbed and cultured for 30-40 days after 3-5 leaves and a main root system of about 6-10 cm are produced;

[0013] Step 3: Spray fungicide:

[0014] Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers evenly to the tissue culture seedlings, and spray fungicides, and apply topdressing every 7-10 days, spray fungicides once every 10-15 days, and spray continuously for 2-3 times;

[0015] Step 4: Transplantation:

[0016] Move the taro seedlings to the land to be transplanted, and transplant them according to the transplanting standards;

[0017] Step 5: Management:

[0018] Control the ambient air humidity to 60-70%, and provide shade, moisturizing and shading for 10-15 days. Start controlling the humidity and increasing the light from the 7th day until the taro seedlings gradually adapt to the external climate.

[0019] Preferably, in step one, the seed taro is one or more of multi-seed taro and giant taro.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the tissue culture conditions are: environmental humidity is controlled at 60-75%, temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, illumination time is controlled at 10-12 hours per day, and illumination intensity is 1500-3000Lx.

[0021] Preferably, in step 3, the bactericide comprises the following components:

[0022] Group A: 500-800 times dilution of Trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granules + 300-500 times dilution of 5% chitosan solution;

[0023] Group B: 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times diluted + Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules 500-800 times diluted + 5% chitosan aqueous solution 300-500 times diluted;

[0024] Group C: 600-800 times diluted 23.4% mandipropamid suspension + 500-800 times diluted Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules + 300-500 times diluted 5% chitosan aqueous solution.

[0025] Preferably, in step three, three groups of fungicides are sprayed alternately, and the safe interval of each fungicide is 7-14 days.

[0026] Preferably, in step 4, the transplanting standard is 80-100 cm in row spacing and 50-60 cm in plant spacing.

[0027] Preferably, in step five, the humidity is gradually reduced by 1-2% per day during the moisturizing management.

[0028] Preferably, in step five, during the management of moisturizing and shading, weeding is performed regularly and the soil is cleaned once a week.

[0029] (III) Beneficial effects

[0030] The present invention provides a method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. By controlling the growth environment of the plant, that is, reducing humidity and increasing light, it can adapt to the external climate. On the one hand, it is more conducive to growth, and on the other hand, it can reduce the survival rate of pathogens, that is, increase the survival rate of the plant.

[0032] 2. Tissue culture treatment of seed taro stem tips can effectively reduce the amount of pathogenic bacteria carried in the seed taro and cultivate sterile seedlings.

[0033] 3. During the hardening of tissue culture seedlings, fungicides are sprayed to effectively disinfect pathogens, thereby essentially reducing the probability of taro blight. While increasing the survival rate, it effectively improves the plant's disease resistance and reduces the chance of plant disease.

[0034] 4. Fungicides are only applied during the seedling hardening stage. In addition to increasing the resistance of taro, they can also effectively reduce the fungicide residues in the field soil and protect the soil environment.

[0035] 5. Properly increasing the spacing between taro plants can effectively improve the utilization rate of water, nutrients and light, so that each taro plant has sufficient space for growth and development, while accelerating photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of taro; more importantly, properly increasing the spacing between taro can help increase air circulation, reduce humidity and temperature, reduce the spread and cross-infection of pathogens between plants, and effectively reduce the incidence of taro. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the incidence of taro leaves in the field in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a picture showing the disease situation of taro leaves in the field in the third comparison example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention provides a fungicide, the ingredients of the fungicide are:

[0041] Group A: 750 times dilution of Trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granules + 500 times dilution of 5% chitosan solution;

[0042] Group B: 1000 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate + 750 times diluted Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules + 300-500 times diluted 5% chitosan aqueous solution;

[0043] Group C: 800 times diluted 23.4% mandipropamid suspension + 500 times diluted Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules + 300 times diluted 5% chitosan aqueous solution.

[0044] Control Example 1: Traditional fungicide (1000 times diluted 25% myclobutanil suspension).

[0045] Comparative example 2: clean water.

[0046] The bactericide effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] In summary, the fungicide of the present invention can reduce the probability of taro blight, improve the survival rate, effectively improve the disease resistance of plants, and reduce the probability of plant disease.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Seed selection:

[0053] According to the environmental requirements of Jingjiang high sand soil area, Jingjiang Xiangsha taro was selected as the variety to be transplanted, and fresh taro with typical appearance characteristics of Xiangsha taro, full terminal buds, no disease spots, no insect eyes, no damage, and moderate individual size was selected as seed taro;

[0054] Step 2: Seedling cultivation:

[0055] The selected taro seed was accelerated to germinate for 10 days, the terminal bud was peeled off under a sterile environment, and tissue culture was carried out in a test tube through a culture medium, the environmental humidity was controlled to 70%, the temperature was controlled at 25°C, the light exposure time was controlled at 12 hours per day, and the light intensity was controlled at 3000Lx, and the taro seedlings were cultivated for 97 days until 3 leaves were produced and the taproot system was about 6cm, and then the taro seedlings were transplanted to a nutrient pot on a seedbed and cultivated for 34 days;

[0056] Step 3: Spray fungicide:

[0057] Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are uniformly applied to the tissue culture seedlings, and fungicide group A is sprayed on the 10th day after transplanting, wherein the fungicide group A comprises the following components: 750 times of Trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granules + 500 times of 5% chitosan aqueous solution; fungicide group B is sprayed on the 20th day after transplanting, wherein the fungicide group B comprises the following components: 1000 times of 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate + 750 times of Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules + 500 times of 5% chitosan aqueous solution; fungicide group C is sprayed on the 30th day after transplanting, wherein the fungicide group C comprises the following components: 800 times of 23.4% mandipropamid suspension + 500 times of Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules + 300 times of 5% chitosan aqueous solution, and topdressing is performed every 7 days;

[0058] Step 4: Transplantation:

[0059] The taro seedlings are moved to the land to be transplanted and transplanted according to the transplanting standard, which is 80 cm in row and 50 cm in plant;

[0060] Step 5: Management:

[0061] Control the ambient air humidity to 70%. During the moisturizing management, gradually reduce the humidity by 1% every day and provide shade. The moisturizing and shading management should be carried out for 15 days. During the moisturizing and shading management, weed regularly and clean once a week. After 7 days, maintain the humidity and increase the light until the taro seedlings gradually adapt to the external climate.

[0062] Comparative Example 3:

[0063] Cultivated using traditional cultivation methods.

[0064] result:

[0065]

[0066] In summary, the method for cultivating taro blight-resistant plants of the present invention can effectively improve the survival rate of plants and reduce the probability of suffering from taro blight through steps such as seed selection, seedling cultivation, spraying of fungicides, transplantation and management. In the seed selection stage, according to the environmental requirements of the land to be transplanted, suitable varieties are selected, which is the basis for ensuring that plants can grow well. In the seedling cultivation stage, the stem apex meristem is selected for tissue culture, and sterile seedlings are cultivated by controlling conditions such as environmental humidity, temperature and illumination to reduce the carrying amount of pathogenic bacteria. In the seedling hardening stage, by uniformly applying phosphorus and potash fertilizers and spraying fungicides, sufficient nutrition is provided for seedlings, the resistance of plants is enhanced, and pathogens are effectively eliminated, the probability of suffering from taro blight is reduced, and the application amount of fungicides in the middle and late stages of taro growth is reduced to ensure food safety and soil health. During the transplantation stage, transplantation is carried out according to transplantation standards to ensure that the seedlings can take root well and adapt to the new growth environment. Appropriately increasing the spacing between taro plants can effectively improve the utilization rate of water, nutrients and light, increase air circulation, reduce temperature and humidity, reduce the spread and infection of pathogens between plants, reduce the incidence of taro, and help improve the yield and quality of taro. During the management stage, measures such as controlling environmental humidity, moisturizing, shading and weeding can be taken to provide a good growth environment for taro seedlings and gradually adapt them to the external climate.

[0067] The method for cultivating taro blight-resistant plants of the present invention has significant advantages and practical application value. First, by controlling the growth environment of the plant, it is adapted to the external climate, which is conducive to the growth and development of the plant and improves the survival rate. Secondly, by producing sterile seedlings, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, spraying bactericides that effectively disinfect pathogens, and adjusting the spacing between plants and rows, the probability of suffering from taro blight is fundamentally reduced, and plant resistance is further improved. In addition, the cultivation method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale planting and practical application.

[0068] The method for cultivating taro blight-resistant plants of the present invention is of great significance for improving plant growth environment, increasing plant survival rate and resistance, and reducing taro blight incidence. By implementing the cultivation method of the present invention, the yield and quality of plants can be effectively improved, making positive contributions to the sustainable development of agricultural production and ecological environment.

[0069] In summary, the present invention provides a method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro, and through the steps of seed selection, seedling cultivation, spraying fungicides, transplantation and management, accurate control of the plant growth environment is achieved, and the survival rate and disease resistance of the plants are improved. The present invention has broad application prospects and can be widely used in the fields of agriculture, forestry and gardening, providing strong support for the growth and development of plants.

[0070] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Seed selection: According to the environmental requirements of the land to be transplanted, select the taro variety suitable for the land to be transplanted and select the seed taro; Step 2: Seedling cultivation: The selected seed taro is germinated for 10 days, the terminal buds are peeled off in a sterile environment, and tissue culture is carried out in a test tube through a culture medium for 90-150 days, and the taro seedlings are transplanted to a nutrient pot on a seedbed and cultured for 30-40 days after 3-5 leaves and a main root system of about 6-10 cm are produced; Step 3: Spray fungicide: Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are evenly applied to the tissue culture seedlings, and three groups of fungicides are sprayed in sequence, and topdressing is performed once every 7-10 days, and fungicides are sprayed once every 10-15 days, and spraying is continued for 2-3 times; the fungicide includes the following components: Group A: 500-800 times dilution of Trichoderma harzianum water dispersible granules + 300-500 times dilution of 5% chitosan solution; Group B: 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times diluted + Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules 500-800 times diluted + 5% chitosan aqueous solution 300-500 times diluted; Group C: 23.4% mandipropamid suspension 600-800 times diluted + Bacillus subtilis microcapsule granules 500-800 times diluted + 5% chitosan aqueous solution 300-500 times diluted; Step 4: Transplantation: Move the taro seedlings to the site to be transplanted and transplant them according to the transplanting standards; Step 5: Management: Control the ambient air humidity to 60-70%, and provide shade, moisturizing and shading for 10-15 days. Start controlling the humidity and increasing the light from the 7th day until the taro seedlings gradually adapt to the external climate.

2. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the seed taro is one or more of multi-seed taro and giant taro.

3. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the tissue culture conditions are: environmental humidity is controlled at 60-75%, temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, illumination time is controlled at 10-12 hours per day, and illumination intensity is 1500-3000Lx.

4. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, three groups of fungicides are sprayed alternately, and the safe interval for each fungicide is 7-14 days.

5. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the transplanting standard is 80-100 cm in row spacing and 50-60 cm in plant spacing.

6. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, during the management of moisturizing and shading, the humidity is gradually reduced by 1-2% per day.

7. A method for cultivating plants resistant to Phytophthora taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, during the management of moisturizing and shading, weeding is performed regularly and the soil is cleaned once a week.

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