A kind of flow-through wave dissipation dam unit, flow-through wave dissipation dam, system and construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of wave dissipation dam, and particularly relates to a flow-through wave dissipation dam unit, a flow-through wave dissipation dam, a system and a construction method. The flow-through wave dissipation dam unit comprises a first flow-through wave blocking assembly including a first wave blocking wall body and a first channel; a second flow-through wave blocking assembly including a second wave blocking wall body and a second channel; the first channel and the second channel are arranged in a staggered mode and are connected in communication; and the second wave blocking wall body is provided with a second recessed portion facing the first channel. The flow-through wave dissipation dam unit of the present application mainly comprises several wall bodies including the first wave blocking wall body and the second wave blocking wall body as main components, so as to effectively reduce the cost, and has a higher performance-price ratio and is a more sustainable development technical solution. Moreover, the number of adjustable structure parameters for different sea conditions is much larger than that of the existing wave dissipation dam with a cylinder from top to bottom, so that the special requirements under different working conditions can be better met, and the performance-price ratio under the corresponding working conditions can be better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wave-dissipating dam technology, and in particular to a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, a permeable wave-dissipating dam, a system, and a construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, offshore aquaculture generally includes near-shore aquaculture and deep-sea aquaculture (generally in water depths of 20 meters). (Within an 80m range). Offshore aquaculture is mainly divided into three categories: aquaculture vessels, aquaculture platforms, and net cages.

[0003] Net cages are subject to the limitations imposed by wind and waves, and this issue remains to be resolved. Currently, there are some specialized wind and wave resistant net cages, but their manufacturing and installation costs are very high, and they cannot achieve a fundamental wind and wave resistance effect. Net cages can still be damaged by strong winds and waves, which is why there are relatively few net cages used in offshore aquaculture.

[0004] The cost of building and maintaining aquaculture vessels is relatively high.

[0005] Aquaculture platforms are limited by water depth, making large-scale production impossible. Furthermore, their steel structures are prone to corrosion over long-term use, resulting in high maintenance costs. Anchoring systems are also expensive.

[0006] Another publicly disclosed solution is to use floating breakwaters for wave dissipation. For example, the patent titled "Floating Breakwater and Wind Power Integration System for Deep-Sea Aquaculture" (Publication No.: CN208023503U) discloses a solution for wave dissipation using floating breakwaters. However, because these breakwaters sway significantly with the waves, they cannot achieve a good wave dissipation effect (only 30% to 40% wave dissipation effect). At the same time, since these breakwaters float on the sea surface, they cannot change the flow field in the area where the net cages are located (e.g., they cannot change the flow velocity in the area where the net cages are located). As a result, the current use of floating breakwaters in offshore aquaculture is not very effective.

[0007] To solve the above problems, those skilled in the art have developed a method suitable for (generally water depths of 20 meters). Wave-dissipating dikes (within an 80m range) are used to create calm sea areas suitable for aquaculture. For example, the patent title is: An Offshore Aquaculture System and Its Design Method (Publication No.: CN115581212A) to solve the above problems. It mainly uses cylindrical foundations and fills them with materials to achieve its own stability. Its resistance to wind and waves is very strong.

[0008] However, the cost of the above solutions became a key area for optimization that the R&D personnel considered in the future. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem of how to reduce the cost of cylindrical wave-dissipating dikes in the prior art, and to provide a permeable wave-dissipating dike unit, a permeable wave-dissipating dike, a system, and a construction method.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A permeable wave-dam unit includes a primary permeable wave-dam component and a secondary permeable wave-dam component, wherein:

[0012] The primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component includes primary wave-blocking walls arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls is a primary channel;

[0013] The secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component includes secondary wave-blocking walls arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls is a secondary channel;

[0014] The primary channel and the secondary channel are offset from each other and connected, and at least one of the secondary wave-blocking walls has a secondary recess with an opening facing the primary channel.

[0015] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application uses a primary permeable wave-blocking component and a secondary permeable wave-blocking component to block waves, while utilizing interconnected primary and secondary channels to exchange water flow on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0016] By staggering the primary and secondary channels, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit can facilitate water flow exchange on both sides, effectively weakening waves. The secondary permeable wave-dissipating component has a secondary concave portion that reflects waves and dissipates energy. The staggered arrangement of the secondary concave portion with the primary and secondary channels creates an energy dissipation pool between the primary and secondary permeable wave-dissipating components, further reducing wave reflection. This not only effectively weakens waves but also reduces the force exerted by waves on the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, especially on the primary permeable wave-dissipating component. Therefore, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application can meet the purpose of permeable wave dissipation in marine environments with water depths up to 80m.

[0017] Based on the above, the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this application mainly consists of several wall sections, including a primary wave-breaking wall and a secondary wave-breaking wall, as its main components. Compared with existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, it effectively reduces costs, has a higher cost-performance ratio, and is a more sustainable technical solution. Moreover, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the special needs under different working conditions and enabling it to have a better cost-performance ratio under corresponding working conditions.

[0018] Specifically, when the water flow is reflected from the secondary concave portion to the side of the primary wave barrier near the secondary wave barrier, the local water flow rises, allowing the water flow to exert a force on the primary wave barrier in the opposite direction. This force can offset at least a portion of the external wave force borne by the primary wave barrier, thereby effectively reducing the stress on the primary wave barrier.

[0019] Preferably, the primary and secondary channels are staggered, meaning that the projections of the primary channel onto the secondary channel do not intersect with the secondary channel along the direction from the primary to the secondary wave-damping assembly. This arrangement allows for better wave dissipation when water flows through the primary and secondary wave-damping assemblies.

[0020] Preferably, the primary wave-blocking wall is provided with a second recess, the opening of which faces the secondary channel.

[0021] By setting the second concave portion, not only can more water flow into the secondary channel be obtained to increase the flow permeability, but the overall structure formed by the primary and secondary flow permeability wave-blocking components can also have better wave reflection and energy dissipation effects.

[0022] Specifically, the above scheme makes the channel between the primary and secondary wave-permeable components form an "N" shape. Through the "N" shaped channel, the wave propagation path and tortuosity are increased, thereby consuming wave energy and reducing wave height.

[0023] Meanwhile, the "N"-shaped channel makes it difficult for waves to easily pass through the area between the primary and secondary wave-breaking components. Some waves are reflected, and they are reflected multiple times in the channel between the primary and secondary wave-breaking components, eventually forming a high-level water column. This not only enhances the energy dissipation effect of the waves in the "N"-shaped channel, but also increases the pressure of the water flow on the lower foundation. At the same time, the waves or water flow generate a large reverse wave pressure to offset part of the positive wave pressure exerted on the primary wave-breaking wall by the waves or water flow on the side of the primary wave-breaking wall away from the secondary wave-breaking component.

[0024] Moreover, when the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in the above scheme is used as a shielding structure for a large marine ranch wave-dissipating dike, after the wind-generated waves inside the marine ranch and the transmitted waves from the outside are transmitted to the far end, when they enter the permeable wave-dissipating dike structural unit from the rear end of the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in the above scheme at the far end, based on the same energy dissipation mechanism, the permeable wave-dissipating dike structural unit can effectively reduce wave reflection and greatly reduce or avoid the probability of waves resonating within the ranch.

[0025] The above-described form of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit of this application can meet the purpose of permeability and wave dissipation in marine environments with water depths of up to 80m. At the same time, the primary permeable wave-blocking component has a second concave portion corresponding to the secondary channel to avoid waves directly impacting the secondary channel, which could lead to situations where the permeable wave-dissipating dam structural unit of this application does not meet the requirements for wave dissipation.

[0026] Based on the above, the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this application effectively reduces costs compared to existing wave-dissipating dikes that are entirely cylindrical from top to bottom and existing caisson-type vertical dikes. Furthermore, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are entirely cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the specific needs of different working conditions and providing better cost-effectiveness in corresponding situations. The permeable wave-dissipating dike construction unit described in this application is lightweight. Unlike traditional vertical dikes, which are generally caissons, the structure above the foundation of the permeable wave-dissipating dike construction unit described in this embodiment mainly consists of several wall panels, offering a more cost-effective and sustainable solution.

[0027] Preferably, a first protrusion is formed on the back side of the second concave portion of the primary wave-blocking wall; in the direction from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly to the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly, both the second concave portion and the first protrusion protrude from the primary channel.

[0028] By setting the first protrusion, more water flow is introduced into the primary channel. The relative positions of the secondary concave part, the first protrusion, the primary channel, and the secondary channel reflect waves and dissipate energy. The design of the primary and secondary permeable wave-blocking components allows the waves to reciprocate and dissipate energy, thus reducing the total wave force and facilitating rapid construction.

[0029] At the same time, by setting the first protrusion, the probability of air being trapped when positive waves hit the first-level wave barrier is reduced, thereby reducing the impact force (also called the impact force) generated by the waves hitting the first-level wave barrier.

[0030] Preferably, the primary wave-blocking wall includes a first plate and a second plate, which are connected to form a first protrusion and a second concave portion. An included angle A is formed between the first plate and the second plate, where 0° < A < 180°. The first protrusion and the second concave portion are formed by combining the first plate and the second plate, resulting in a simple overall structure, convenient construction, and effectively reduced construction costs.

[0031] Preferably, the included angle A between the first plate and the second plate is 90° < A < 150°.

[0032] Preferably, the primary wave-blocking wall includes a first arc-shaped plate, which forms the first protrusion and the second concave portion. The first protrusion and the second concave portion are formed simply by using the first arc-shaped plate, resulting in a simple overall structure, convenient construction, and effectively reduced construction costs.

[0033] Meanwhile, when the curved plate is set vertically, the normal direction of the surface of the first protrusion on the curved plate is constantly changing at different positions in the horizontal direction, which makes the air-clamping effect of the curved plate much better when the positive wave hits the first wave-blocking wall.

[0034] Preferably, a first breast wall is connected between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls, and the top of the first breast wall protrudes upward from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component.

[0035] A first breast wall is installed above the high water level as a wave barrier to further reduce waves without affecting the water flow exchange during daily operations in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between the first-level wave barriers on both sides, enhancing the stability of the first-level wave barriers on both sides of the first-level channel.

[0036] Preferably, a first connecting structure is provided between adjacent primary wave-breaking walls, and the first connecting structure is located at the top of the primary channel. The first connecting structure can act as a wave-breaking barrier near the sea surface during normal operation in non-extreme weather conditions, further enhancing the wave-breaking effect, and has little impact on water flow through the primary channel. It also serves as a connection between adjacent primary wave-breaking walls, enhancing the structural stability of both sides of the primary channel.

[0037] Preferably, a second connecting structure is also provided between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls, and the second connecting structure is located at the bottom of the primary channel.

[0038] The second connecting structure can serve as a connection between the two primary wave-blocking walls, enhancing the stability of the primary wave-blocking walls on both sides of the primary channel. It can also act as a barrier when the lower part of the primary flow-through wave-blocking component needs to be filled with gravel or other structures.

[0039] Preferably, a first base is provided at the bottom of the primary wave-blocking wall. The first base protrudes from the primary wave-blocking wall at least partially on its side. The first base is used to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the primary wave-blocking wall to optimize the stress on the bottom of the primary wave-blocking wall. If the primary wave-blocking wall needs to be installed on the bottom foundation without being prefabricated as a whole with the bottom foundation, the first base can also make it easier to construct the primary wave-blocking wall on the bottom foundation later, and also optimize the local bearing capacity of the bottom foundation.

[0040] Preferably, a second base is provided at the bottom of the secondary wave-blocking wall, and at least part of the second base protrudes from the secondary wave-blocking wall.

[0041] The second base is used to enlarge the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the secondary wave barrier wall to optimize the stress on the bottom of the secondary wave barrier wall. If the secondary wave barrier wall needs to be installed on the bottom foundation instead of being prefabricated as a whole with the bottom foundation, the second base can also make it easier to construct the secondary wave barrier wall on the bottom foundation later, and also optimize the local bearing capacity of the bottom foundation.

[0042] Preferably, in the direction from the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly to the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly, the secondary concave portion protrudes from the secondary channel.

[0043] Preferably, the secondary recesses are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the primary channels. Preferably, the primary wave-blocking walls are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the secondary channels.

[0044] Preferably, at least one of the secondary wave-breaking walls includes a third plate and a fourth plate, the third plate and the fourth plate being connected to form the secondary concave portion, and the third plate and the fourth plate having an included angle B, 0° < B < 180°.

[0045] Preferably, the included angle B between the third plate and the fourth plate is 90° < B < 150°.

[0046] Preferably, the secondary wave-blocking wall located at the end includes a fifth plate, the end of which near the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly is inclined toward the adjacent secondary wave-blocking wall.

[0047] The surface of the secondary concave portion near the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component includes a second arc surface. The second arc surface is a cylindrical arc surface.

[0048] Preferably, at least one of the secondary wave-blocking walls includes a second arc-shaped plate, which forms the secondary concave portion.

[0049] Preferably, the end of the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component protrudes beyond the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component. This is used to block waves passing through the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component from one side, thereby increasing the turbulence effect between the primary and secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking components.

[0050] Preferably, a second breast wall is connected between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls, and the top of the second breast wall protrudes upward from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component.

[0051] A second breast wall is installed above the high water level as a wave barrier to further reduce waves without affecting the water flow exchange during daily operations in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between adjacent secondary wave barriers, enhancing the stability of the third wave barrier unit and the secondary wave barriers.

[0052] Preferably, a third connecting structure is provided between adjacent secondary wave-breaking walls, and the third connecting structure is located at the top of the secondary channel.

[0053] The third connecting structure can be a plate or a box girder component.

[0054] The third connecting structure can act as a wave barrier near the sea surface during normal operation in non-extreme weather, further enhancing the wave barrier effect. Moreover, it has little impact on the water flow through the secondary channel. At the same time, it can also serve as a connection between adjacent secondary wave barrier walls, enhancing the structural stability on both sides of the secondary channel.

[0055] Preferably, a fourth connecting structure is provided between adjacent secondary wave-breaking walls, and the fourth connecting structure is located at the bottom of the secondary channel.

[0056] The fourth connecting structure can serve as a connection between the two secondary wave-blocking walls, enhancing the stability of the secondary wave-blocking walls on both sides of the secondary channel. It can also act as a barrier when the lower part of the secondary flow-through wave-blocking component needs to be filled with gravel or other structures.

[0057] Preferably, the primary flow-permeable wave-damping component and the secondary flow-permeable wave-damping component are connected. This allows adjacent primary and secondary flow-permeable wave-damping components to form a whole, creating a coordinated force-bearing mechanism to meet the wave force resistance requirements of the flow-permeable wave-damping dike unit.

[0058] Preferably, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component and / or the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component are integrally formed for easy installation.

[0059] Preferably, a first crossbeam is connected between the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly and the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly, and there are at least two first crossbeams, wherein adjacent first crossbeams are spaced apart.

[0060] Preferably, at least a portion of the first crossbeam is connected to the upper part of the flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly.

[0061] Preferably, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit of this application further includes a three-stage permeable wave-blocking component. The three-stage permeable wave-blocking component is located on the side of the two-stage permeable wave-blocking component away from the first-stage permeable wave-blocking component. The three-stage permeable wave-blocking component includes three-stage wave-blocking walls arranged at intervals. The interval between adjacent three-stage wave-blocking walls is a three-stage channel. The three-stage channel is staggered from the two-stage channel.

[0062] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application uses a primary permeable wave-blocking component, a secondary permeable wave-blocking component, and a tertiary permeable wave-blocking component to block waves. Simultaneously, the interconnected primary, secondary, and tertiary channels facilitate water flow exchange on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0063] By staggering the primary and secondary channels, and by staggering the tertiary channel with the secondary channel, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit can facilitate water flow exchange on both sides, effectively weakening waves. The secondary permeable wave-blocking component has a secondary concave portion that reflects waves and dissipates energy. This secondary concave portion, staggered with the primary and secondary channels, and in conjunction with the tertiary wave-blocking wall, creates energy dissipation pools between the primary and secondary permeable wave-blocking components, and between the secondary and tertiary permeable wave-blocking components. This reduces wave reflection, effectively weakening waves and reducing the force exerted by waves on the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, particularly on the primary and secondary permeable wave-blocking components. Therefore, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application can meet the purpose of permeable wave dissipation in marine environments with water depths up to 80m.

[0064] The permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this application mainly consists of several wall sections, including a primary wave-dissipating wall, a secondary wave-dissipating wall, and a tertiary wave-dissipating wall. Compared with existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, it effectively reduces costs, has a higher cost-performance ratio, and is a more sustainable technical solution. Moreover, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the special needs under different working conditions and enabling it to have a better cost-performance ratio under corresponding working conditions.

[0065] Preferably, the tertiary channel is staggered from the secondary channel. That is, in the direction from the tertiary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly to the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly, the projection of the tertiary channel onto the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly does not intersect with the secondary channel. This arrangement allows for better wave dissipation when water flows through the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly.

[0066] Preferably, the three-stage wave-blocking wall has a second protrusion along its thickness direction, and the protruding side of the second protrusion faces the secondary channel.

[0067] Preferably, the second protrusion is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the secondary channel.

[0068] Preferably, the three-stage wave-blocking wall includes a sixth plate and a seventh plate connected to each other, the sixth plate and the seventh plate being connected to form the second protrusion, and the sixth plate and the seventh plate having an included angle C, 0° < C < 180°.

[0069] Preferably, the included angle C between the sixth plate and the seventh plate is 90° < C < 150°.

[0070] Preferably, the three-stage wave-blocking wall includes a third arc-shaped plate, which forms the second protrusion.

[0071] Preferably, the tertiary wave-damping assembly and the secondary wave-damping assembly are connected. This allows the secondary and tertiary wave-damping assemblies to form a single unit, optimizing the stress on both components, reducing their specifications, and lowering costs while still meeting the wave-resistance requirements of the wave-damping dike unit.

[0072] Preferably, the three-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly and / or the two-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly are integrally formed for easy installation.

[0073] Preferably, a second crossbeam is connected between the third-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly and the second-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly, and there are at least two second crossbeams, wherein adjacent second crossbeams are spaced apart.

[0074] Preferably, at least a portion of the second crossbeam is connected to the upper part of the flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly.

[0075] Preferably, a first crossbeam is connected between the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly and the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly, and the second crossbeam is arranged correspondingly to the first crossbeam.

[0076] Preferably, a third breast wall connects adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls, with the top of the third breast wall protruding upwards from the three-stage permeable wave-breaking assembly. The third breast wall, installed above the high water level, acts as a wave-breaking plate, further reducing wave activity without affecting water flow exchange during normal operations in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between the two sides of the three-stage wave-breaking walls, enhancing the stability of adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls.

[0077] Preferably, a fifth connecting structure is provided between adjacent three-level wave-blocking walls, and the fifth connecting structure is located at the top of the three-level channel.

[0078] The fifth connecting structure can be a plate or a box girder component.

[0079] The fifth connecting structure can act as a wave barrier near the sea surface during normal operation in non-extreme weather, further enhancing the wave barrier effect. Moreover, it has little impact on the water flow through the three-level channel. At the same time, it can also serve as a connection between adjacent three-level wave barrier walls, enhancing the structural stability on both sides of the three-level channel.

[0080] Preferably, a sixth connecting structure is provided between adjacent three-level wave-blocking walls, and the sixth connecting structure is located at the bottom of the three-level channel.

[0081] The sixth connecting structure can serve as a connection between the three-level wave-blocking walls on both sides, enhancing the stability of the three-level wave-blocking walls on both sides of the three-level channel. Moreover, it can act as a barrier when the lower part of the three-level flow-through wave-blocking component needs to be filled with gravel or other structures.

[0082] Preferably, a third base is provided at the bottom of the three-stage wave-blocking wall, and at least part of the third base protrudes from the side of the three-stage wave-blocking wall.

[0083] A third base is provided at the bottom of the tertiary wave-breaking wall, and at least part of the third base protrudes from the side of the tertiary wave-breaking wall. The third base is used to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the tertiary wave-breaking wall to optimize the stress on the bottom of the tertiary wave-breaking wall. If it is necessary to install the tertiary wave-breaking wall on the bottom foundation instead of prefabricating it as a whole, the third base also makes it easier to construct the tertiary wave-breaking wall on the bottom foundation later, and also optimizes the local load-bearing capacity of the bottom foundation. The third base can be prefabricated as a whole with the tertiary wave-breaking wall, and is preferably a reinforced concrete component, preferably a plate or box girder component.

[0084] At least one outermost secondary wave-dam has an extension at its outer end that protrudes toward the side away from the middle secondary wave-dam. In typical offshore construction conditions, multiple permeable wave-dam units need to be installed. In this case, gaps exist between adjacent permeable wave-dam units, which can affect the wave-damping effect. Therefore, an extension extending outward toward the end of the secondary permeable wave-dam assembly is provided at the outermost secondary wave-dam to achieve a certain wave-damping effect on the water flowing through the gaps.

[0085] Preferably, the three-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component is higher than the two-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component.

[0086] Preferably, the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component is higher than the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component.

[0087] Preferably, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application further includes a foundation, with the primary and secondary permeable wave-dissipating components connected to the upper part of the foundation. The lower foundation secures the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit to the seabed, lakebed, or riverbed, providing the foundation bearing capacity for the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0088] Preferably, the base is a plate structure.

[0089] Preferably, the foundation includes a cylindrical wall, and a top cover is provided on the top of the foundation. The top cover is connected to the cylindrical wall, and the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly are connected to the top cover.

[0090] Preferably, the bottom of the cylinder wall is open.

[0091] Preferably, the top cover is provided with an exhaust vent.

[0092] Preferably, the cylinder wall is provided with packing material, and the top cover and / or the cylinder wall is provided with a conveying channel for conveying the packing material to the foundation.

[0093] Preferably, a first rib is provided in the foundation, the first rib is connected to the cylinder wall, and the first rib is correspondingly provided with the flow-permeable and wave-blocking component.

[0094] Preferably, the foundation further includes a second rib, which is staggered with the first rib. Preferably, the foundation contains at least two compartments.

[0095] Preferably, the basic cross-section is rectangular, circular, elliptical, or rounded rectangular.

[0096] Preferably, on the same side of the permeable wave-damping unit, the distance between the end of the primary permeable wave-damping component and the end of the foundation on the same side is L1, and the distance between the end of the secondary permeable wave-damping component and the end of the foundation on the same side is L2, where L1 > L2.

[0097] This application also discloses a permeable wave-dissipating dam, comprising at least two permeable wave-dissipating dam units as described in this application, wherein adjacent permeable wave-dissipating dam units are arranged along the length direction of the primary permeable wave-blocking component, and the bottom of the permeable wave-dissipating dam units is fixed to the seabed or lakebed.

[0098] The permeable wave-dissipating dike described in this application includes at least two permeable wave-dissipating dike units as described in this application. The permeable wave-dissipating dike units are fixed to the seabed, lakebed, or riverbed through a lower foundation. Waves are blocked by two rows of spaced-apart permeable wave-blocking components. At the same time, water flow exchange is carried out on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit through channels. The channels of the at least two rows of adjacent permeable wave-blocking components are staggered, which allows water flow exchange on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit and enables the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit to effectively weaken waves. Based on the above, compared with the existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, the cost is effectively reduced.

[0099] Preferably, adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dam units are disconnected.

[0100] Preferably, the gap d1 between adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dam units is 0.5m≤d1≤1.5m.

[0101] Preferably, the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking components on adjacent flow-permeable and wave-dissipating dike units are correspondingly arranged.

[0102] Preferably, the secondary permeable wave-damping components on adjacent permeable wave-dam units are correspondingly arranged.

[0103] Preferably, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component on the flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit is correspondingly arranged with the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component on at least one adjacent side of the flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0104] Preferably, at least one end of the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component and / or at least one end of the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component are provided with an extension toward the adjacent flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, the extension protruding from the foundation.

[0105] This application also discloses a permeable wave-dissipating dike system, including a wave-dissipating structure that encloses an internal water area, and the wave-dissipating structure includes at least one section of the permeable wave-dissipating dike as described in this application.

[0106] The internal water area is used to house at least one of the following: aquaculture cages, buildings, airports, oil storage facilities, and power plants.

[0107] This application also discloses a construction method for a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit as described in this application, comprising the following steps:

[0108] Construction of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit;

[0109] Transport the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit to a position above the installation location;

[0110] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit was lowered and installed in its designated position.

[0111] This application also discloses another construction method for a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit as described in this application, comprising the following steps:

[0112] Prefabricate the superstructure and foundation, wherein the superstructure includes the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component; transport the superstructure and foundation to the installation location;

[0113] The superstructure and foundation are lowered and installed in their designated positions.

[0114] Preferably, the superstructure and foundation are prefabricated separately and sunk separately. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0115] 1. The permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this application includes a primary wave-blocking wall and a secondary wave-blocking wall. The secondary concave portion is staggered with the primary and secondary channels to form an energy dissipation pool between the primary and secondary permeable wave-blocking components, thereby reducing wave reflection. It not only effectively weakens waves, but its main components are several wall sections, including the primary and secondary wave-blocking walls. Compared to existing wave-dissipating dikes that are cylindrical from top to bottom, it effectively reduces costs, offering higher cost-effectiveness and representing a more sustainable technical solution. Furthermore, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the specific needs of different operating conditions and providing better cost-effectiveness under corresponding conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0116] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit (herringbone wave-breaking wall) according to the present invention.

[0117] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to the present invention (another angle, showing the herringbone wave-breaking wall).

[0118] Figure 3 This is a left-side schematic diagram of a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit (herringbone wave-breaking wall) according to the present invention.

[0119] Figure 4 Appendix to this invention Figure 3 Sectional view of AA.

[0120] Figure 5 Appendix to this invention Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of section C.

[0121] Figure 6 Appendix to this invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the middle section (BB).

[0122] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the primary wave-blocking wall, the secondary wave-blocking wall, and the tertiary wave-blocking wall of the present invention (the tertiary wave-blocking wall is a flat plate).

[0123] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the primary wave-blocking wall, the secondary wave-blocking wall, and the tertiary wave-blocking wall of the present invention (the protruding direction of the tertiary wave-blocking wall is opposite to that of the primary wave-blocking wall).

[0124] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to the present invention (a herringbone wave-breaking wall with vent holes).

[0125] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit (arc-shaped wave-blocking wall) according to the present invention.

[0126] Figure 11 The diagram shows the wave-blocking wall structure of each level as a human-shaped plate according to the present invention (11a: primary wave-blocking wall; 11b: secondary wave-blocking wall; 11c: tertiary wave-blocking wall).

[0127] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the wave-blocking wall structure of each level described in this invention when it is an arc-shaped plate (12a: primary wave-blocking wall; 12b: secondary wave-blocking wall; 12c: tertiary wave-blocking wall).

[0128] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the breast walls at various levels as described in this invention.

[0129] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage wave-blocking wall and the first base as described in this invention.

[0130] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the secondary wave-blocking wall and the second base as described in this invention.

[0131] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the outermost secondary wave-blocking wall, the second base, and the extension as described in this invention.

[0132] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the three-stage wave-blocking wall and the third base as described in this invention.

[0133] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram (wide passage) of a section of the permeable and wave-dissipating embankment of the present invention.

[0134] Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram (narrow channel) of a section of the permeable and wave-dissipating embankment of the present invention.

[0135] Figure 20This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram (arc-shaped plate) of a section of the permeable wave-dissipating embankment of the present invention.

[0136] Figure 21 This is a left-side schematic diagram of a section of the permeable wave-dissipating embankment system of the present invention.

[0137] Figure 22 This is a left-side schematic diagram of a section of the permeable wave-dissipating dike system of the present invention (with abutment).

[0138] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the basic cross-sectional shape of the present invention (23a: square; 23b: square with small rounded corners; 23c: square with large rounded corners; 23d: strip-shaped ellipse; 23e: circle).

[0139] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units. Figure 25 For the present invention Figure 24 Enlarged schematic diagram of section F in the middle.

[0140] Markings in the diagram: 1-Superstructure, 3-Foundation, 4-Channel, 5-Primary wave-breaking wall, 6-Secondary wave-breaking wall, 7-First protrusion, 8-Secondary recess, 9-Tertiary wave-breaking wall, 10-Second protrusion, 11-First connecting structure, 12-Second connecting structure, 13-First rib, 14-Second rib, 15-First crossbeam, 16-Ventilation hole, 17-First plate, 18-Second plate, 21-Primary permeable wave-breaking component, 22-Secondary permeable wave-breaking component, 23-Tertiary permeable wave-breaking component, 24-Water surface; 25-Shelter; 26-Mud surface ; 27-Second recessed portion; 28-Extension; 31-Top cover; 32-Cylinder wall; 33-Third plate; 34-Fourth plate; 35-Sixth plate; 36-Seventh plate; 37-First breast wall; 38-Second breast wall; 39-Third breast wall; 40-Fifth plate; 41-Primary passage; 42-Secondary passage; 43-Tertiary passage; 44-Third connecting structure; 45-Fourth connecting structure; 46-Second crossbeam; 47-Fifth connecting structure; 48-Sixth connecting structure; 49-First base; 50-Second base; 51-Third base; 56-Compartment. Detailed Implementation

[0141] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to experimental examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0142] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0143] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but that it can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0144] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," "third," etc. in terminology is merely for distinguishing identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0145] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0146] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0147] Example 1

[0148] like Figures 1-17 As shown in the figure, the permeable wave-dam unit described in this embodiment includes a primary permeable wave-damping component 21 and a secondary permeable wave-damping component 22, wherein: the primary permeable wave-damping component 21 includes primary wave-damping walls 5 arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent primary wave-damping walls 5 is a primary channel 41.

[0149] The secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 includes secondary wave-blocking walls 6 arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls 6 is a secondary channel 42. The primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42 are staggered.

[0150] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application uses a primary permeable wave-blocking component 21 and a secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22 to block waves, while using the interconnected primary channel 41 and secondary channel 42 to exchange water flow on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, so as to achieve the wave-dissipating and permeable effect of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application.

[0151] By staggering the primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42, water flow exchange can occur on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, and the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit can effectively weaken waves.

[0152] At least one of the secondary wave-blocking walls 6 is provided with a secondary recess 8 along the thickness direction, and the opening of the secondary recess 8 faces the primary channel 41.

[0153] The primary channel 41 passes through the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 21, and the secondary channel 42 passes through the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 22. The primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42 are connected. The secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 22 is provided with a secondary recess 8.

[0154] The primary wave-blocking component 21 includes primary wave-blocking walls 5 spaced apart, with the interval between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls 5 forming a primary channel 41; the secondary wave-blocking component 22 includes secondary wave-blocking walls 6 spaced apart, with the interval between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls 6 forming a secondary channel 42; the primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42 are staggered and connected, and at least one secondary wave-blocking wall 6 has a secondary recess 8 with an opening facing the primary channel 41.

[0155] The secondary wave-dissipating component 22 is provided with a secondary concave portion 8, which can reflect waves and thus dissipate energy. The secondary concave portion 8 is staggered with the primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42, so that the primary wave-dissipating component 21 and the secondary wave-dissipating component 22 form an energy dissipation pool, thereby reducing wave reflection. This not only effectively weakens the waves, but also reduces the force of the waves on the wave-dissipating dam unit, especially the force of the waves on the primary wave-dissipating component 21. This allows the form of the wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application to meet the purpose of wave dissipation in marine environments with water depths of up to 80m.

[0156] The permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this embodiment mainly consists of several wall sections, including a primary wave-blocking wall 5 and a secondary wave-blocking wall 6, as its main components. Compared with existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, it effectively reduces costs, has a higher cost-performance ratio, and is a more sustainable technical solution. Moreover, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the special needs under different working conditions and enabling it to have a better cost-performance ratio under corresponding working conditions.

[0157] Moreover, after the water flow through the primary channel 41 encounters the secondary wave-blocking wall 6, it is diverted to both sides of the secondary wave-blocking wall 6, distributing the wave force relatively evenly to both sides of the secondary wave-blocking wall 6, thereby optimizing the stress on the primary wave-blocking wall 5 and the secondary wave-blocking wall 6.

[0158] Specifically, when the water flow is reflected from the secondary concave portion 8 to the side of the primary wave-blocking wall 5 near the secondary wave-blocking wall 6, the local water flow rises, allowing the water flow to exert a force on the primary wave-blocking wall 5 in the opposite direction. This force can offset at least a portion of the external wave force borne by the primary wave-blocking wall 5, thereby effectively reducing the stress on the primary wave-blocking wall 5.

[0159] It is particularly important to note that within the open construction area at ocean depths of 20m-80m, the primary wave-breaking wall 5 and the secondary wave-breaking wall 6 must ensure overall strength. Therefore, they cannot be formed by arranging multiple piles. This is mainly due to the following two points: First, the instability and failure of piles are completely different from those of walls. Walls experience overall sliding instability, while piles experience overturning instability. If multiple piles are used to form a wall, under the current scheme and working conditions, the pile size cannot be made to 18-40m, which would lead to pile breakage and insufficient load-bearing capacity. Therefore, piles cannot be arranged to form a wall. Second, constructing individual piles is extremely cumbersome and costly, and is not feasible in construction.

[0160] The permeable wave-dissipating breakwater unit described in this embodiment is mainly applicable to the most unfavorable working conditions at sea during a 100-year return period [wave height 16.5m, period 13.5s] and below.

[0161] The secondary wave-blocking wall 6 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the primary channel 41, and the primary wave-blocking wall 5 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the secondary channel 42. This is to prevent waves from directly impacting the secondary channel 42, thus avoiding situations where the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application fails to meet wave dissipation requirements.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment, the primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42 are staggered, meaning that the projections of the primary channel 41 onto the secondary channel 42 in the direction from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 to the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 do not intersect with the secondary channel 42. This arrangement allows for better wave dissipation when water flows through the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 to the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22.

[0163] One method: the side of the primary wave-blocking wall 5 near the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 is a plane.

[0164] In another preferred embodiment, the primary wave-blocking wall 5 is provided with a second recess 27, which is formed by bending or folding, and the opening of the second recess 27 faces the secondary channel 42.

[0165] The second concave portion 27 is correspondingly provided to the secondary channel 42. By providing the second concave portion 27, not only can more water flow into the secondary channel 42 be obtained to increase the flow permeability, but the overall structure formed by the primary flow permeability and wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary flow permeability and wave-blocking component 22 can also have better wave reflection and energy dissipation effects.

[0166] Moreover, the above scheme makes the channel between the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22, from the primary channel 41 to the secondary channel 42, similar to an "N" shape. Through the "N" shaped channel, the wave propagation path and tortuosity are increased, thereby achieving the purpose of consuming wave energy and reducing wave height.

[0167] Meanwhile, the “N”-shaped channel makes it difficult for waves to easily pass through the area between the primary permeable wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22. Some waves are reflected, and they are reflected multiple times in the channel between the primary permeable wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary permeable wave-blocking component, eventually forming a water column with a high water level. This not only enhances the energy dissipation effect of the waves in the “N”-shaped channel, but also increases the pressure of the water flow on the lower foundation 3. At the same time, the aforementioned waves or water flow generate a large reverse wave pressure to offset part of the positive wave pressure exerted on the primary wave-blocking wall 5 by the waves or water flow on the side of the primary wave-blocking wall 5 away from the secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22.

[0168] Moreover, when the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in the above scheme is used as a shielding structure for a large marine ranch wave-dissipating dike, after the wind-generated waves inside the marine ranch and the transmitted waves from the outside are transmitted to the far end, when they enter the permeable wave-dissipating dike structural unit from the rear end of the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in the above scheme at the far end, based on the same energy dissipation mechanism, the permeable wave-dissipating dike structural unit can effectively reduce wave reflection and greatly reduce or avoid the probability of waves resonating within the ranch.

[0169] The above-described form of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit of this application can meet the purpose of permeability and wave dissipation in marine environments with water depths of up to 80m. At the same time, the primary permeable wave-blocking component 21 has a second concave portion 27 corresponding to the secondary channel 42 to avoid waves directly impacting the secondary channel 42, which could lead to a situation where the permeable wave-dissipating dam structural unit of this application does not meet the requirements for wave dissipation.

[0170] Based on the above, the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this application effectively reduces costs compared to existing wave-dissipating dikes that are entirely cylindrical from top to bottom and existing caisson-type vertical dikes. Furthermore, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are entirely cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the specific needs of different working conditions and providing better cost-effectiveness in corresponding situations. The permeable wave-dissipating dike construction unit described in this application has a lightweight structure. Unlike traditional vertical dikes, which are generally caissons, the structure above foundation 3 of the permeable wave-dissipating dike construction unit described in this embodiment mainly consists of several wall panels, offering a more cost-effective and sustainable solution.

[0171] A first protrusion 7 is formed on the back side of the second concave portion 27 on the primary wave-blocking wall 5; in the direction from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 22 to the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 21, both the second concave portion 27 and the first protrusion 7 protrude from the primary channel 41.

[0172] By setting the first protrusion 7, more water flow is introduced into the primary channel 41. The secondary concave portion 8 is correspondingly set with the primary channel 41. The relative positions of the secondary concave portion 8, the first protrusion 7, the primary channel 41, and the secondary channel 42 reflect waves and dissipate energy. The design of the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 allows the waves to reciprocate and dissipate energy, thus reducing the total wave force and facilitating rapid construction.

[0173] At the same time, by setting the first protrusion 7, the probability of air being trapped when positive waves hit the first-level wave-blocking wall 5 is reduced, thereby reducing the impact force (also called the impact force) generated by the waves hitting the first-level wave-blocking wall 5.

[0174] Specifically, in the direction from the secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22 to the primary permeable wave-blocking component 21, the first protrusion 7 protrudes from the primary channel 41. The first protrusion 7 helps to increase the normal flow resistance of the ocean current, thereby guiding more ocean current into the primary channel 41, so that good water exchange is formed on both sides of the primary permeable wave-blocking component 21.

[0175] The following are two specific preferred schemes for the primary wave-blocking wall 5:

[0176] like Figure 11 As shown in Figure a, in Scheme 1, the primary wave-blocking wall 5 includes a first plate 17 and a second plate 18. The first plate 17 and the second plate 18 are connected to form a first protrusion 7 and a second concave portion 27. The first protrusion 7 and the second concave portion 27 can be formed by combining the first plate 17 and the second plate 18. The overall structure is simple, construction is convenient, and construction costs are effectively reduced. The first plate 17 and the second plate 18 have an included angle A, where 0° < A < 180°, preferably 90° < A < 150°.

[0177] like Figure 12 As shown in Figure a, in Scheme 2, the surface of the first protrusion 7 away from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 includes a first arc surface. The first arc surface is preferably a cylindrical arc surface. Specifically, the primary wave-blocking wall 5 includes a first arc-shaped plate, which forms the first protrusion 7 and the second concave portion 27. The first protrusion 7 and the second concave portion 27 can be formed by the first arc-shaped plate, resulting in a simple overall structure, convenient construction, and effectively reduced construction costs.

[0178] Meanwhile, when the curved plate is set vertically, the normal direction of the surface of the first protrusion 7 on the curved plate is constantly changing at different positions in the horizontal direction, which makes the air-clamping effect of the curved plate much better when the positive wave hits the first-level wave-blocking wall 5.

[0179] To enhance the stability of the primary wave-blocking walls 5 on both sides of the primary channel 41, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the primary flow-through wave-blocking assembly 21, a primary connector is provided between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls 5. The primary connector is preferably one of the following options:

[0180] like Figure 13As shown in Scheme 1, a first breast wall 37 connects adjacent primary wave-blocking walls 5, with the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 21 protruding upwards from the top of the first breast wall 37. The first breast wall 37 is positioned at least above the high water level. The first breast wall 37 above the high water level acts as a wave-blocking plate, further reducing wave impact while not affecting water flow exchange during normal operation in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between the two primary wave-blocking walls 5, enhancing the stability of the primary wave-blocking walls 5 on both sides of the primary channel 41.

[0181] like Figure 11 As shown in Scheme 2, a first connecting structure 11 connects the two sides of the primary wave-breaking walls 5 of the primary channel 41. The first connecting structure 11 can be a plate or a box girder component. The first connecting structure 11 is located at the top of the primary channel 41. Under normal operation in non-extreme weather conditions, the first connecting structure 11 can act as a wave-breaking structure near the sea surface, further enhancing the wave-breaking effect. Moreover, it has little impact on the water flow through the primary channel 41. At the same time, it can also serve as a connection between adjacent primary wave-breaking walls 5, enhancing the structural stability on both sides of the primary channel 41.

[0182] A further preferred embodiment: the top of the first connecting structure 11 is flush with the top of the primary wave-blocking wall 5, or the top of the first connecting structure 11 is lower than the top of the primary wave-blocking wall 5.

[0183] like Figure 4 As shown in Scheme 3, a second connecting structure 12 is also connected between the two primary wave-breaking walls 5. The second connecting structure 12 is located at the bottom of the primary channel 41. The second connecting structure 12 can be a plate or a box girder.

[0184] The second connecting structure 12 can serve as a connection between the two primary wave-blocking walls 5, enhancing the stability of the primary wave-blocking walls 5 on both sides of the primary channel 41, and can also act as a barrier when the lower part of the primary flow-through wave-blocking component 21 needs to be filled with gravel or other structures.

[0185] like Figure 14As shown, in a preferred embodiment: a first base 49 is provided at the bottom of the primary wave-damping wall 5. At least a portion of the first base 49 protrudes from the side of the primary wave-damping wall 5. The first base 49 is used to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the wave-damping component, thereby optimizing the stress on the bottom of the primary wave-damping wall 5. If the primary wave-damping wall 5 needs to be installed on the bottom foundation 3 without being prefabricated integrally with the bottom foundation 3, the first base 49 also makes it easier to construct the primary wave-damping wall 5 on the bottom foundation 3 later, and also optimizes the local load-bearing capacity of the bottom foundation 3. The first base 49 can be prefabricated integrally with the primary wave-damping wall, and is preferably a reinforced concrete component, preferably a plate or box girder component.

[0186] like Figure 15 and 16 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a second base 50 is provided at the bottom of the secondary wave-breaking wall 6, with at least a portion of the second base 50 protruding from the side of the secondary wave-breaking wall 6. The second base 50 is used to increase the cross-sectional area at the bottom of the secondary wave-breaking wall 6, thereby optimizing the stress on the bottom of the secondary wave-breaking wall 6. If the secondary wave-breaking wall 6 needs to be installed on the bottom foundation 3 without being prefabricated integrally with the bottom foundation 3, the second base 50 also makes it easier to construct the secondary wave-breaking wall on the bottom foundation 3 later, and also optimizes the local load-bearing capacity of the bottom foundation 3. The second base 50 can be prefabricated integrally with the secondary wave-breaking wall 6, and is preferably a reinforced concrete component, preferably a plate or box girder component.

[0187] In a preferred embodiment, the secondary recess 8 protrudes from the secondary channel 42 in the direction from the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly 21 to the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly 22.

[0188] In a preferred embodiment, the secondary recess 8 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the primary channel 41.

[0189] In a preferred embodiment, the primary wave-blocking wall 5 and the secondary channel 42 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0190] The following are two specific schemes for the secondary wave-blocking wall 6:

[0191] Option 1: The secondary wave-blocking wall 6 includes a third plate 33 and a fourth plate 34, which are connected to form the secondary concave portion 8. The third plate 33 and the fourth plate 34 have an included angle B, where 0° < B < 180°, and more preferably, 90° < B < 150°.

[0192] like Figure 16 As shown, the secondary wave-blocking wall 6 located at the end includes a fifth plate 40, the end of which near the primary flow-through wave-blocking assembly 21 is inclined toward the adjacent secondary wave-blocking wall 6.

[0193] Option 2: The surface of the secondary concave portion 8 near the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 includes a second arc surface. The second arc surface is preferably a cylindrical arc surface. Specifically, the secondary wave-blocking wall 6 includes a second arc-shaped plate, the inner surface of which forms the second arc surface, and the second arc-shaped plate forms the secondary concave portion 8.

[0194] In a preferred embodiment, the outer end of the secondary wave-blocking wall 6 located at the end of the secondary wave-blocking component 22 protrudes from the primary wave-blocking component 21. The secondary wave-blocking wall 6 located at the end of the secondary wave-blocking component 22 is used to block waves passing through the primary wave-blocking component 21 on one side, thereby increasing the turbulence effect between the primary wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary wave-blocking component 22.

[0195] Adjacent secondary wave-breaking walls 6 are connected by secondary connectors, preferably at least one of the following:

[0196] like Figure 13 As shown, in Scheme 1: A second breast wall 38 is connected between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls 6, and the top of the second breast wall 38 protrudes upward from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22.

[0197] A second breast wall 38 is installed above the high water level as a wave barrier to further reduce waves without affecting the water flow exchange during daily operations in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between adjacent secondary wave barriers 6.

[0198] like Figure 1 As shown, in Scheme 2: a third connecting structure 44 connects adjacent secondary wave-breaking walls 6, and the third connecting structure 44 is located at the top of the secondary channel 42. The third connecting structure 44 can operate under normal conditions without extreme weather.

[0199] It serves as a wave barrier near the sea surface, further enhancing the wave-blocking effect, and has little impact on the water flow through the secondary channel 42. It also connects adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls 6, enhancing the structural stability of both sides of the secondary channel 42. The third connecting structure 44 is preferably a plate or box girder component.

[0200] A fourth connecting structure 45 is provided between adjacent secondary wave-breaking walls 6, and the fourth connecting structure 45 is located at the bottom of the secondary channel 42. The fourth connecting structure 45 is preferably a plate or box girder component. The fourth connecting structure 45 serves to connect the two secondary wave-breaking walls 6, enhancing the stability of the secondary wave-breaking walls 6 on both sides of the secondary channel 42, and can also act as a retaining structure when the lower part of the secondary permeable wave-breaking assembly 22 needs to be filled with gravel or other structures.

[0201] In a preferred embodiment, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 are connected, thereby forming an integral whole between adjacent primary and secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking components 21 and 22, creating a synergistic force-bearing mechanism. This optimizes the force on the primary and secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking components 21 and 22, reduces their specifications, and lowers costs while meeting the wave force resistance requirements of the flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0202] In a preferred embodiment, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 and / or the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 are integrally formed. For example, they are integrally cast from reinforced concrete for ease of installation.

[0203] In a preferred embodiment, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 are connected by a top box, which can be equipped with a pedestrian passage or storage space, and can be used to block waves and prevent them from crossing.

[0204] In a preferred embodiment, a first crossbeam 15 is connected between the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly 21 and the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly 22. There are at least two first crossbeams 15, with adjacent first crossbeams 15 spaced apart. At least a portion of the first crossbeams 15 are connected to the upper part of the flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly.

[0205] In a preferred embodiment, the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 is higher than the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21.

[0206] Another approach: The secondary wave-blocking wall 6 and / or the primary wave-blocking wall 5 are flat plate structures, and the secondary wave-blocking wall 6 does not have a secondary recessed part 8. Its wave-dissipating and flow-permeable effect is far inferior to the flow-permeable and wave-dissipating dam unit technical solution described in this embodiment.

[0207] In a preferred embodiment, at least one outermost secondary wave-dam 6 has an extension 28 protruding towards the side away from the middle secondary wave-dam 6 at its outer end. In typical offshore construction conditions, multiple permeable wave-dam units need to be installed. In this case, gaps exist between adjacent permeable wave-dam units, which can affect the wave-damping effect. Therefore, an extension 28 extending outward from the end of the secondary permeable wave-dam assembly 22 is provided at the outer end of the outermost secondary wave-dam 6 to achieve a certain wave-damping effect on the water flowing through the gaps. The extension 28 is preferably a plate structure or a frame-covered panel assembly structure.

[0208] Example 2

[0209] like Figures 1-17As shown, the difference between the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0210] Along the direction from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 21 to the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 22, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly...

[0211] The components 21 and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking components 22 are arranged alternately to form 2-6 stages of flow-permeable wave-blocking components.

[0212] Example 3

[0213] like Figures 1-17 As shown, the difference between the permeable wave-dam unit described in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 or 2 is that the secondary permeable wave-dam component 22 and the primary permeable wave-dam component 21 are arranged alternately in the direction from the secondary permeable wave-dam component 22 to the primary permeable wave-dam component 21, forming a 2-6 level permeable wave-dam component.

[0214] Example 4

[0215] like Figures 1-17 As shown, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this embodiment differs from embodiments 1, 2, or 3 in that it further includes a three-stage permeable wave-blocking component 23. The three-stage permeable wave-blocking component 23 is located on the side of the two-stage permeable wave-blocking component 22 away from the first-stage permeable wave-blocking component 21. The three-stage permeable wave-blocking component 23 includes three-stage wave-blocking walls 9 arranged at intervals. The interval between adjacent three-stage wave-blocking walls 9 is a three-stage channel 43. The three-stage channel 43 is staggered from the two-stage channel 42.

[0216] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application uses a primary permeable wave-blocking component 21, a secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22, and a tertiary permeable wave-blocking component 23 to block waves. Simultaneously, it utilizes interconnected primary channels 41, secondary channels 42, and tertiary channels 43 to facilitate water flow exchange on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0217] By staggering the primary channel 41 and the secondary channel 42, and by staggering the tertiary channel 43 with the secondary channel 42, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit can facilitate water flow exchange on both sides, effectively weakening waves. The secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22 has a secondary concave portion 8, which reflects waves and dissipates energy. The secondary concave portion 8, staggered with the primary and secondary channels 41 and 42, along with the tertiary wave-blocking wall 9, forms energy dissipation pools between the primary and secondary permeable wave-blocking components 21 and 22, and between the secondary and tertiary permeable wave-blocking components 22 and 23. This reduces wave reflection, effectively weakening waves and reducing the force of waves on the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, especially on the primary and secondary permeable wave-blocking components 21 and 22. Therefore, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application can meet the purpose of permeable wave dissipation in marine environments with water depths up to 80m.

[0218] The permeable wave-dissipating dike unit described in this application mainly consists of several walls, including a primary wave-blocking wall 5, a secondary wave-blocking wall 6, and a tertiary wave-blocking wall 9, as its main components. Compared with existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, it effectively reduces costs, has a higher cost-performance ratio, and is a more sustainable technical solution. Moreover, the number of adjustable structural parameters for different sea conditions is far greater than that of existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, thus better meeting the special needs and requirements under different working conditions, and enabling it to have a better cost-performance ratio under corresponding working conditions.

[0219] Furthermore, after the water flow through the primary channel 41 encounters the secondary wave-blocking wall 6, it is diverted to both sides of the secondary wave-blocking wall 6, distributing the wave force relatively evenly to both sides of the secondary wave-blocking wall 6. Most of the water flow after diversion passes through the secondary channel 42 and the tertiary wave-blocking wall 9, and is diverted again. After being diverted layer by layer, the wave force is distributed relatively evenly to the three rows of walls [primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21, secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 and tertiary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 23] respectively, thereby optimizing the joint force distribution of the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21, secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 and tertiary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 23.

[0220] The tertiary channel 43 is staggered from the secondary channel 42. That is, in the direction along the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly 22, the projection of the tertiary channel 43 onto the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly 22 does not intersect with the secondary channel 42.

[0221] This configuration allows for better wave reduction when water flows through the secondary permeable wave-blocking component 22.

[0222] The secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 is adjacent to and spaced apart from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 by a tertiary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 23. The tertiary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 23 has a tertiary wave-blocking wall 9 and a tertiary channel 43. The tertiary wave-blocking wall 9 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the secondary channel 42. The tertiary channel 43 passes through the tertiary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 23 and is connected to the secondary channel 42. The tertiary channel 43 is staggered from the secondary channel 42. The tertiary wave-blocking wall 9 is provided on at least one side of the tertiary channel 43.

[0223] like Figure 17 As shown, a third base 51 is provided at the bottom of the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9, and at least part of the third base 51 protrudes from the side of the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9. The third base 51 is used to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9 to optimize the stress on the bottom of the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9. If it is necessary to install the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9 on the bottom foundation 3 instead of prefabricating it as a whole with the bottom foundation 3, the third base 51 can also make it easier to construct the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9 on the bottom foundation 3 later, and also optimize the local bearing capacity of the bottom foundation 3. The third base 51 can be prefabricated as a whole with the three-stage wave-breaking wall 9, and is preferably a reinforced concrete component, preferably a plate or box girder component.

[0224] like Figure 7 As shown, one specific form of the three-stage wave-blocking wall 9 is a plate, preferably a flat plate.

[0225] like Figure 8 As shown, in another configuration, the three-stage wave-damping wall 9 has a second protrusion 10 along its thickness direction, with the protruding side of the second protrusion 10 facing away from the secondary channel 42. This configuration allows both sides of the permeable wave-damping unit to capture more water flow into and through the unit, thus achieving reciprocating exchange of water flow on both sides.

[0226] like Figure 6 As shown, a more preferred embodiment is described below, wherein the tertiary wave-blocking wall 9 is provided with a second protrusion 10 along its thickness direction, and the protruding side of the second protrusion 10 faces the secondary channel 42. The second protrusion 10 and the secondary channel 42 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0227] The following are two specific schemes for the three-stage wave-blocking wall 9:

[0228] like Figure 11As shown in Figure c, in Scheme 1, the three-stage wave-blocking wall 9 includes a sixth plate 35 and a seventh plate 36 connected to each other. The sixth plate 35 and the seventh plate 36 are connected to form the second protrusion 10. The sixth plate 35 and the seventh plate 36 have an included angle C, 0° < C < 180°, more preferably 90° < C < 150°.

[0229] like Figure 12 As shown in c, in scheme 2, the surface of the second protrusion 10 near the primary flow-through and wave-blocking component 21 includes a third arc surface, which is preferably a circular arc cylindrical surface. Specifically, the third-level wave-blocking wall 9 includes a third arc-shaped plate, which forms the second protrusion 10.

[0230] Based on the above scheme, in a preferred embodiment, the third-stage permeable wave-damping component 23 and the second-stage permeable wave-damping component 22 are connected. This allows adjacent third-stage and second-stage permeable wave-damping components 23 and 22 to form a unified whole, thus meeting the wave-resistance requirements of the permeable wave-damping dike unit.

[0231] Specifically, the three-stage permeable wave-blocking component 23 and / or the two-stage permeable wave-blocking component 22 are integrally formed, for example, integrally cast reinforced concrete, to facilitate installation.

[0232] Based on the above scheme, in a preferred embodiment, a second crossbeam 46 connects the third-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 23 and the second-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly 22. There are at least two second crossbeams 46, with adjacent second crossbeams 46 spaced apart. At least a portion of the second crossbeams 46 are connected to the upper part of the flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly.

[0233] Based on the above scheme, in a preferred embodiment, a first crossbeam 15 is connected between the first-stage flow-through and wave-blocking component 21 and the second-stage flow-through and wave-blocking component 22, and the second crossbeam 46 is correspondingly arranged with the first crossbeam 15.

[0234] The three-tiered wave-breaking walls 9 consist of at least two sections. A three-tiered channel 43 is provided between adjacent sections 9, and a fifth connecting structure 47 connects adjacent sections 9. The fifth connecting structure 47 is located at the top of the three-tiered channel 43. The fifth connecting structure 47, installed above the high water level, acts as a wave-breaking plate, further reducing wave impact while not affecting water flow exchange during normal operations in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between the two sections of the three-tiered wave-breaking walls 9, enhancing the stability of adjacent sections 9. The fifth connecting structure 47 is preferably a plate or a box-like structure.

[0235] Adjacent three-tiered wave-blocking walls 9 are connected by three-tiered connectors, preferably at least one of the following three-tiered connectors:

[0236] like Figure 13 As shown in Scheme 1, a third breast wall 39 connects the adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls 9, with the top of the third breast wall 39 protruding upwards from the three-stage permeable wave-breaking assembly 23. The third breast wall 39, installed above the high water level, acts as a wave-breaking plate, further reducing wave activity without affecting water flow exchange during normal operations in non-extreme weather. It also serves as a connection between the two sides of the three-stage wave-breaking walls 9, enhancing the stability of the adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls 9.

[0237] More preferably, the top of the third breast wall 39 is higher than the top of the second breast wall 38.

[0238] like Figure 1 As shown in Scheme 2, a fifth connecting structure 47 connects the adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls 9, and the fifth connecting structure 47 is located at the top of the three-stage channel 43. The fifth connecting structure 47 can be a plate or a box girder component. The fifth connecting structure 47 can act as a wave-breaking structure near the sea surface during normal operation in non-extreme weather, further enhancing the wave-breaking effect, and has little impact on the water flow through the three-stage channel 43. At the same time, it can also serve as a connection between the adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls 9, enhancing the structural stability on both sides of the three-stage channel 43.

[0239] like Figure 4 As shown in Scheme 3, a sixth connecting structure 48 connects the adjacent three-stage wave-breaking walls 9. The sixth connecting structure 48 is located at the bottom of the three-stage channel 43. The sixth connecting structure 48 can serve as a connection between the two three-stage wave-breaking walls.

[0240] The connection between the bodies 9 enhances the stability of the three-stage wave-blocking walls 9 on both sides of the three-stage channel 43, and can also act as a barrier when the lower part of the three-stage flow-through wave-blocking assembly 23 needs to be filled with gravel or other structures. The sixth connecting structure 48 can be a plate or a box girder component.

[0241] The third-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component 23 is higher than the second-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22.

[0242] Furthermore, the secondary wave-piercing component 22 is higher than the primary wave-piercing component 21. This design reduces the wave force on the primary wave-piercing component 21, resulting in a more uniform distribution of wave forces across the tertiary wave-piercing component 23, the secondary wave-piercing component 22, and the primary wave-piercing component 21. During construction, the primary wave-piercing component 21 is required to be able to withstand waves, the secondary wave-piercing component 22 is required to be able to partially withstand waves, and the tertiary wave-piercing component 23 is required to be completely unable to withstand waves.

[0243] In this way, the wave force on the primary wave-blocking component 21 is significantly reduced, and the waves impacting the secondary wave-blocking component 22 are reflected back to the primary wave-blocking component 21, further reducing the force on the primary wave-blocking component 21. Furthermore, the secondary wave-blocking component 22 is connected to the primary wave-blocking component 21, ensuring that the secondary wave-blocking component 22 and the primary wave-blocking component 21 share the force collaboratively, thereby achieving uniform force distribution between the secondary wave-blocking component 22 and the primary wave-blocking component 21. Similarly, the connection between the tertiary wave-blocking component 23 and the secondary wave-blocking component 22 also ensures that the tertiary wave-blocking component 23 and the secondary wave-blocking component 22 share the force collaboratively, thereby achieving uniform force distribution between the tertiary wave-blocking component 23 and the secondary wave-blocking component 22. The beneficial effects of this embodiment are:

[0244] Wave-dissipating structure: The walls are arranged in a zigzag pattern between openings, forming energy dissipation pools between the various levels of wave-permeable and wave-blocking components (e.g., between primary wave-permeable and wave-blocking component 21, and between secondary wave-permeable and wave-blocking component 22 and tertiary wave-permeable and wave-blocking component 23). This reduces wave reflection and, consequently, the force exerted by waves on the structure.

[0245] Converging current structure: By setting the first protrusion 7, with a corrugated planar arrangement on the wave-facing side, it is beneficial to increase the normal flow resistance of the ocean current, thereby guiding more ocean current in. In addition, the sufficiently wide openings between the walls allow the ocean current to pass through, creating good water exchange between the front and back of the structure.

[0246] Uniform force distribution: The wave force is distributed relatively evenly to the three rows of walls [first-stage flow-through wave-blocking component 21, second-stage flow-through wave-blocking component 22 and third-stage flow-through wave-blocking component 23] through "flow diversion".

[0247] Example 5

[0248] like Figures 1-17 As shown, the permeable wave-dam unit described in this embodiment differs from embodiments 1, 2, 3, or 4 in that it includes at least two rows of permeable wave-damping components arranged at intervals. Each permeable wave-damping component has a channel 4 for water flow. The channels 4 of at least two rows of adjacent permeable wave-damping components are staggered. The channels 4 of adjacent rows of permeable wave-damping components are connected, and adjacent rows of permeable wave-damping components are connected to each other.

[0249] This embodiment of a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit utilizes two rows of spaced-apart permeable wave-blocking components to block waves. Simultaneously, channels 4 facilitate water flow exchange on both sides of the dam unit. The channels 4 of at least two adjacent rows of permeable wave-blocking components are staggered, allowing for both water flow exchange and effective wave weakening. Adjacent rows of permeable wave-blocking components are connected, forming a unified structure to meet the wave resistance requirements. Based on this, the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this application significantly reduces costs compared to existing wave-dissipating dams that are entirely cylindrical from top to bottom.

[0250] The flow-permeable and wave-blocking components are generally arranged in 2-5 rows, preferably 3-4 rows. When there are 3 rows, they are respectively a primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 21, a secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 22, and a tertiary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 23.

[0251] The permeable wave-dissipating breakwater unit described in this embodiment is suitable for the most unfavorable working conditions at sea during a 100-year return period [wave height 16.5m, period 13.5s] and below.

[0252] In all the aforementioned flow-permeable and wave-blocking components, two adjacent rows of flow-permeable and wave-blocking components are respectively a primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 21 and a secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 22. The channel 4 on the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 21 is the primary channel 41, and the channel 4 on the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 22 is the secondary channel 42.

[0253] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this embodiment also includes a foundation 3. The permeable wave-dissipating component is connected to the upper part of the foundation 3. The lower foundation 3 is used to fix the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit on the seabed, lake bottom or river bottom. The foundation 3 is used to provide the foundation bearing capacity of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0254] The multiple flow-permeable and wave-blocking components are integrally cast and prefabricated with the foundation 3, and are preferably made of reinforced concrete.

[0255] The following are two preferred options for the foundation 3: Option 1, the foundation 3 is a plate structure.

[0256] Option 2: The foundation 3 includes a cylindrical wall 32, and a top cover 31 is provided on the top of the foundation 3. The top cover 31 is connected to the cylindrical wall 32, and the flow-permeable and wave-blocking assembly is connected to the top cover 31. The bottom of the cylindrical wall 32 is open.

[0257] like Figure 2As shown, specifically, the foundation 3 is provided with a first rib 13, which is connected to the cylinder wall 32. The first rib 13 is correspondingly provided with the flow-through and wave-blocking assembly. The foundation 3 is also provided with a second rib 14, which is staggered with the first rib 13.

[0258] The foundation 3 is provided with at least two compartments 56, which can be separated from the first rib 13 by the second rib 14.

[0259] Specifically, the cross-section of the foundation 3 is rectangular, circular, elliptical, or rounded rectangular.

[0260] The main purpose of using rounded chamfers at both ends of rectangular foundation 3 is to reduce stress. However, this complicates the construction process. For example... Figure 13 The dimensionless relationship between the length L, width W, and chamfer R is shown. The chamfer R shall not exceed half the length of the shorter side of the rectangle.

[0261] The outer contour width of the basic 3 is W=15~50m, preferably W=25~40m, and the length parallel to the wave direction is L=15~80m, preferably L=45~60m. The internal compartments can be divided according to the module, and each compartment has no less than 2 compartments. The span is preferably 10~20m.

[0262] like Figure 5 As shown, on the same side of the permeable wave-dam unit, the distance between the end of the first-stage permeable wave-dam component 21 and the end of the foundation 3 on the same side is L1, and the distance between the end of the second-stage permeable wave-dam component 22 and the end of the foundation 3 on the same side is L2, where L1 > L2 and L2 ≥ 0.

[0263] The primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 21 is located on the outermost side of all the flow-permeable and wave-blocking components.

[0264] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this embodiment has a lightweight structure. Compared with traditional vertical dams, which are generally caissons, the structure above the foundation 3 of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in this embodiment mainly consists of several wall panels, which is a more cost-effective and sustainable solution.

[0265] like Figure 9 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, when the foundation 3 is a cylindrical body, the top cover 31 is provided with an exhaust hole 16 to facilitate the negative pressure sinking of the cylindrical body and to facilitate construction and installation.

[0266] In a preferred embodiment, the foundation 3 is provided with filler material, such as silt or medium-coarse sand. The top cover 31 or the cylinder wall 32 is provided with a conveying channel for filling the foundation 3 with filler material. One of the main purposes of the filler material is to reduce the accumulation of shear strain caused by cyclic loads generated in the soil under wave action.

[0267] like Figure 21 and 22 As shown, generally, at least a portion of the foundation 3 is installed below the mud surface 26 at the bottom of the water, and part of the upper structure 1 of the permeable wave-dam unit is exposed above the water surface 24. For example, at least one of the primary permeable wave-dam component 21, the secondary permeable wave-dam component 22 and the tertiary permeable wave-dam component 23 is exposed above the water surface 24, or at least one of the first breast wall 37, the second breast wall 38 and the third breast wall 39 is exposed above the water surface 24 for wave protection. A protective apron 25 can be set on the foundation 3.

[0268] Example 6

[0269] like Figures 1-25 As shown, the permeable wave-dissipating dam described in this embodiment includes at least two permeable wave-dissipating dam units as described in Embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. The permeable wave-blocking components are arranged along the arrangement direction of adjacent permeable wave-dissipating dam units, and the bottom of the permeable wave-dissipating dam units is fixed to the seabed or lakebed.

[0270] This embodiment of a permeable wave-dissipating dike includes at least two permeable wave-dissipating dike units as described in this application. The permeable wave-dissipating dike units are fixed to the seabed, lakebed, or riverbed by a lower foundation 3. Waves are blocked by two rows of spaced-apart permeable wave-blocking components. At the same time, water flow exchange is carried out on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit through channels 4. The channels 4 of at least two rows of adjacent permeable wave-blocking components are staggered, which allows water flow exchange on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit and enables the permeable wave-dissipating dike unit to effectively weaken waves. Based on the above, compared with the existing wave-dissipating dikes that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, the cost is effectively reduced.

[0271] Furthermore, it includes at least three of the aforementioned permeable wave-dissipating dam units, all of which are arranged sequentially.

[0272] The adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units are disconnected, that is, the adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units are not connected, thereby avoiding mutual damage caused by the different settlement of the adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units.

[0273] like Figure 25 As shown, the gap d1 between adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dam units is 0.5m≤d1≤1.5m.

[0274] The adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units are separated, that is, the adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units are not connected, thereby avoiding mutual damage caused by the different settlement of the adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units.

[0275] like Figure 18-20As shown, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking components 21 are correspondingly installed on adjacent flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam units.

[0276] The secondary permeable wave-damping components 22 are correspondingly installed on adjacent permeable wave-dam units.

[0277] Alternatively, the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 21 on the flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit may be correspondingly provided with the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component 22 on at least one side of the adjacent flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit.

[0278] like Figure 24 and 25 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, at least one end of the primary permeable wave-damping component 21 and / or at least one end of the secondary permeable wave-damping component 22 are provided with an extension 28 extending toward the adjacent permeable wave-damping unit, the extension 28 protruding from the foundation 3. In typical offshore construction conditions, multiple permeable wave-damping units need to be installed. In this case, gaps exist between adjacent permeable wave-damping units to reduce or prevent collisions during installation. These gaps affect the wave-damping effect of the permeable wave-damping system. Therefore, an extension 28 extending toward the outer end of the secondary wave-damping wall 6 is provided at the outermost end of the secondary wave-damping wall 6, enabling it to achieve a certain wave-damping effect on the water flowing through the gap. The extension 28 is preferably a plate structure or a frame-covered panel combination structure.

[0279] Example 7

[0280] like Figures 1-25 As shown in this embodiment, a permeable wave-dissipating dike system includes a wave-dissipating structure that encloses an internal water area. The wave-dissipating structure includes at least one section of the permeable wave-dissipating dike as described in Embodiment 6. The internal water area is used to house at least one of the following: aquaculture cages, buildings, an airport, oil storage facilities, and a power plant.

[0281] This embodiment of the permeable wave-dissipating dike system includes at least one section of the permeable wave-dissipating dike as described in this application. The permeable wave-dissipating dike unit is fixed to the seabed, lakebed, or riverbed via a lower foundation 3, while two rows of spaced-apart dikes...

[0282] The permeable wave-blocking components are used to block waves, and the channels 4 are used to exchange water flow on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit. The channels 4 of at least two rows of adjacent permeable wave-blocking components are staggered, which allows water flow exchange on both sides of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit and enables the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit to effectively weaken waves. Based on the above, compared with the existing wave-dissipating dams that are all cylindrical from top to bottom, the cost is effectively reduced.

[0283] Example 8

[0284] like Figures 1-25 As shown in this embodiment, a construction method for a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit as described in Embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 includes the following steps:

[0285] Construction of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit;

[0286] Transport the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit to a position above the installation location;

[0287] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit was lowered and installed in its designated position.

[0288] The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit is prefabricated as a whole, floated as a whole (air flotation, i.e., reverse air extraction operation) or transported and sunk by a semi-submersible barge.

[0289] The following describes a separate prefabrication and installation method: When installing the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit described in Example 5, the following steps are included:

[0290] The prefabricated superstructure 1 and foundation 3 are constructed, wherein the superstructure 1 includes the primary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 21 and the secondary flow-permeable and wave-blocking component 22;

[0291] Transport the superstructure 1 and foundation 3 to a position above the installation location;

[0292] The superstructure 1 and foundation 3 are lowered and installed in their respective positions.

[0293] The superstructure 1 and foundation 3 can be prefabricated separately and sunk separately.

Claims

1. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, characterized in that: It includes a primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and a secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22), wherein: The primary wave-blocking component (21) includes primary wave-blocking walls (5) spaced apart, and the interval between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls (5) is a primary channel (41). The secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) includes secondary wave-blocking walls (6) arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls (6) is a secondary channel (42). The primary channel (41) and the secondary channel (42) are offset and connected, and at least one of the secondary wave-blocking walls (6) has a secondary recess (8) with an opening facing the primary channel (41). The primary wave-blocking wall (5) is provided with a second concave part (27), which is a second curved part or a bent second concave part, and the opening of the second concave part (27) faces the secondary channel (42). The secondary wave-blocking wall (6) located at the end includes a fifth plate (40), the end of which near the primary flow-through wave-blocking assembly (21) is inclined toward the adjacent secondary wave-blocking wall (6); The primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) are connected; A first crossbeam (15) is connected between the first-level flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and the second-level flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22). There are at least two first crossbeams (15), with adjacent first crossbeams (15) spaced apart. At least a portion of the first crossbeams (15) are connected to the upper part of the flow-permeable wave-blocking component. At least one of the outermost secondary wave-breaking walls (6) has an extension (28) at its outer end that protrudes toward one side of the secondary wave-breaking wall (6) away from the middle.

2. The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first protrusion (7) is formed on the back side of the second concave portion (27) on the primary wave-blocking wall (5).

3. The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the direction from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly (22) to the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly (21), both the second concave portion (27) and the first protruding portion (7) protrude from the primary channel (41).

4. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first-level wave-blocking wall (5) includes a first plate (17) and a second plate (18). The first plate (17) and the second plate (18) are connected to form the first protrusion (7) and the second concave portion (27). The first plate (17) and the second plate (18) have an included angle A, where 0° < A < 180°.

5. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The included angle A between the first plate (17) and the second plate (18) is 90° < A < 150°.

6. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The primary wave-blocking wall (5) includes a first arc-shaped plate, which forms the first protrusion (7) and the second concave portion (27).

7. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first breast wall (37) is connected between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls (5), and the top of the first breast wall (37) protrudes upward from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21). And / or, A first connecting structure (11) is connected between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls (5), and the first connecting structure (11) is located at the top of the primary channel (41); And / or, A second connecting structure (12) is also connected between adjacent primary wave-blocking walls (5), and the second connecting structure (12) is located at the bottom of the primary channel (41).

8. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-level wave-blocking wall (5) is provided with a first base (49) at the bottom, and the first base (49) protrudes from the first-level wave-blocking wall (5) at least partially on its side. And / or, The secondary wave-blocking wall (6) is provided with a second base (50) at the bottom, and the second base (50) protrudes from the secondary wave-blocking wall (6) at least partially on its side.

9. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the direction from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly to the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly (22), the secondary concave portion (8) protrudes from the secondary channel (42).

10. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary recess (8) is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the primary channel (41); the primary wave-blocking wall (5) is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the secondary channel (42).

11. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the secondary wave-blocking walls (6) includes a third plate (33) and a fourth plate (34), the third plate (33) and the fourth plate (34) being connected to form the secondary recess (8), and the third plate (33) and the fourth plate (34) having an included angle B, 0° < B < 180°.

12. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 11, characterized in that: The included angle B between the third plate (33) and the fourth plate (34) is 90° < B < 150°.

13. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the secondary wave-blocking walls (6) includes a second arc-shaped plate that forms the secondary recess (8).

14. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) protrudes from the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21).

15. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second breast wall (38) is connected between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls (6), and the top of the second breast wall (38) protrudes upward from the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly (22). And / or, A third connecting structure (44) is connected between adjacent secondary wave-breaking walls (6), and the third connecting structure (44) is located at the top of the secondary channel (42); And / or, A fourth connecting structure (45) is connected between adjacent secondary wave-blocking walls (6), and the fourth connecting structure (45) is located at the bottom of the secondary channel (42).

16. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and / or the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) are integrally formed.

17. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a three-stage permeable wave-blocking component (23), which is located on the side of the two-stage permeable wave-blocking component (22) away from the first-stage permeable wave-blocking component (21). The three-stage permeable wave-blocking component (23) includes three-stage wave-blocking walls (9) spaced apart. The interval between adjacent three-stage wave-blocking walls (9) is a three-stage channel (43), which is offset from the two-stage channel (42).

18. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 17, characterized in that: The third-level wave-blocking wall (9) has a second protrusion (10) along the thickness direction, and the protruding side of the second protrusion (10) faces the secondary channel (42).

19. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 18, characterized in that: The second protrusion (10) is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the secondary channel (42).

20. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 18, characterized in that: The three-stage wave-blocking wall (9) includes a sixth plate (35) and a seventh plate (36) connected to each other. The sixth plate (35) and the seventh plate (36) are connected to form the second protrusion (10). The sixth plate (35) and the seventh plate (36) have an included angle C, where 0° < C < 180°.

21. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 20, characterized in that: The included angle C between the sixth plate (35) and the seventh plate (36) is 90° < C < 150°.

22. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 18, characterized in that, The three-stage wave-blocking wall (9) includes a third arc-shaped plate, which forms the second protrusion (10).

23. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 17, characterized in that: The three-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (23) and the two-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) are connected.

24. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 23, characterized in that: The three-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (23) and / or the two-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) are integrally formed.

25. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 23, characterized in that: A second crossbeam (46) is connected between the third-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (23) and the second-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22). There are at least two second crossbeams (46), with adjacent second crossbeams (46) spaced apart. At least a portion of the second crossbeams (46) are connected to the upper part of the flow-permeable wave-blocking component.

26. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 25, characterized in that: A first crossbeam (15) is connected between the first-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and the second-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22), and the second crossbeam (46) is correspondingly arranged with the first crossbeam (15).

27. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 17, characterized in that: A third breast wall (39) is connected between adjacent three-stage wave-blocking walls (9), and the top of the third breast wall (39) protrudes upward from the three-stage flow-permeable wave-blocking assembly (23). And / or, A fifth connecting structure (47) is connected between adjacent three-level wave-blocking walls (9), and the fifth connecting structure (47) is located at the top of the three-level channel (43); And / or, A sixth connecting structure (48) is connected between adjacent three-level wave-blocking walls (9), and the sixth connecting structure (48) is located at the bottom of the three-level channel (43).

28. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 17, characterized in that: The bottom of the three-stage wave-blocking wall (9) is provided with a third base (51), and the third base (51) protrudes from the side of the three-stage wave-blocking wall (9) at least in part.

29. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 17, characterized in that: The third-stage permeable wave-blocking component (23) is higher than the second-stage permeable wave-blocking component (22).

30. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component is higher than the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21).

31. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to any one of claims 1-30, characterized in that: It also includes a foundation (3), wherein the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) are connected to the upper part of the foundation (3).

32. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 31, characterized in that: The foundation (3) is a plate structure.

33. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 31, characterized in that: The foundation (3) includes a cylindrical wall (32), and a top cover (31) is provided on the top of the foundation (3). The top cover (31) is connected to the cylindrical wall (32), and the primary flow-through and wave-blocking assembly (21) and the secondary flow-through and wave-blocking assembly (22) are both connected to the top cover (31).

34. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 33, characterized in that: The bottom of the cylinder wall (32) is open.

35. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 33, characterized in that: The top cover (31) is provided with an exhaust hole (16).

36. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 33, characterized in that: The cylinder wall (32) is provided with filler, and the top cover (31) and / or the cylinder wall (32) are provided with a conveying channel for conveying the filler to the foundation (3).

37. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 33, characterized in that: The foundation (3) is provided with a first rib (13), which is connected to the cylinder wall (32). The first rib (13) is correspondingly provided with the flow-through and wave-blocking component. The foundation (3) is also provided with a second rib (14), which is staggered with the first rib (13).

38. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 33, characterized in that: The foundation (3) contains at least two compartments (56).

39. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 31, characterized in that: The cross-section of the foundation (3) is rectangular, circular, elliptical or rounded rectangle.

40. A permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 31, characterized in that: On the same side of the permeable wave-dam unit, the distance between the end of the first-level permeable wave-dam component (21) and the end of the foundation (3) on the same side is L1, and the distance between the end of the second-level permeable wave-dam component (22) and the end of the foundation (3) on the same side is L2, where L1 > L2.

41. A permeable and wave-dissipating dam, characterized in that: It includes at least two permeable wave-dissipating dam units as described in any one of claims 1-40, with adjacent permeable wave-dissipating dam units arranged along the length of the first-stage permeable wave-blocking component (21), and the bottom of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit is fixed to the seabed or lakebed.

42. A permeable wave-dissipating dam according to claim 41, characterized in that: The adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dam units are disconnected.

43. A permeable wave-dissipating dam according to claim 41, characterized in that: The gap d1 between adjacent permeable and wave-dissipating dike units is 0.5m≤d1≤1.5m.

44. A permeable wave-dissipating dam according to claim 41, characterized in that: The first-level permeable wave-damping components (21) on adjacent permeable wave-damping units are correspondingly installed; And / or, The secondary permeable wave-damping components (22) on adjacent permeable wave-damping units are correspondingly installed.

45. A permeable wave-dissipating dam according to claim 41, characterized in that: The primary permeable wave-damping component (21) on the permeable wave-damping unit is correspondingly provided with the secondary permeable wave-damping component (22) on at least one side of the adjacent permeable wave-damping unit.

46. ​​A permeable wave-dissipating dam according to claim 41, characterized in that: At least one end of the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and / or at least one end of the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22) are provided with an extension (28) toward the adjacent flow-permeable wave-dissipating dam unit, the extension (28) protruding from the foundation (3).

47. A permeable wave-dissipating dam system, characterized in that: The system includes a wave-dissipating structure that encloses an internal water area, and the wave-dissipating structure includes at least one section of a permeable wave-dissipating dike as described in any one of claims 41-46.

48. A permeable wave-dissipating dam system according to claim 47, characterized in that: The internal water area is used to house at least one of the following: aquaculture cages, buildings, airports, oil storage facilities, and power plants.

49. A construction method for a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit as described in any one of claims 1-40, comprising the following steps: Construction of the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit; Transport the permeable wave-dissipating dam unit to a position above the installation location; The permeable wave-dissipating dam unit was lowered and installed in its designated position.

50. A construction method for a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit as described in any one of claims 31-40, comprising the following steps: Prefabricated superstructure (1) and foundation (3), wherein the superstructure (1) includes the primary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (21) and the secondary flow-permeable wave-blocking component (22). Transport the superstructure (1) and foundation (3) to the installation location; The superstructure (1) and foundation (3) are lowered and installed in their respective positions.

51. A construction method for a permeable wave-dissipating dam unit according to claim 50, characterized in that, The superstructure (1) and foundation (3) are prefabricated separately and sunk separately.

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