An intelligent groundwater surveying device and method based on static sounding technology

Abstract

The application relates to an underground water intelligent surveying device and method based on a static sounding technology, which comprises a guide base and a sounding instrument, the sounding instrument is guided through a matched linear slide rail structure, the guide base is installed on the ground through a fixing structure, the sounding instrument comprises a probe rod at the top, a probe body at the middle and a probe head at the bottom, a detachable drill tip is connected to the front end of the probe head, a motor shaft of a motor is linked with a protruding connector of the probe head, a control cavity is arranged at the upper portion of a driving cavity of the probe body, and a power cavity is arranged on the control cavity. The underground water intelligent surveying device and method can obviously improve the precision, efficiency and safety of underground water exploration through technical innovation and intelligent design, especially in the micro-adjustment of the perpendicularity of the probe head rotation, the maximum static sounding is realized, and the device has wide application prospects and important practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of exploration, specifically relating to an intelligent groundwater exploration device and method based on static cone penetration testing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Groundwater resource exploration and assessment is a complex and technically demanding task. Traditional groundwater exploration methods mainly rely on manual excavation, pumping tests, and geological surveys. These methods are not only time-consuming and costly, but also struggle to achieve the required accuracy and efficiency. This limitation is particularly pronounced under complex and variable geological conditions.

[0003] Static cone penetration testing (PCT), a mature geophysical exploration technique, involves inserting a probe into the ground and measuring penetration resistance, and is widely used for the rapid evaluation of soil physical properties. However, most existing PCT techniques focus on simple vertical penetration and data recording, lacking the ability to adapt to geological conditions in real time. In particular, when facing geological layers with different hardness and water content, it cannot achieve intelligent adjustment of tunneling strategies, which limits its application effectiveness in complex geological environments.

[0004] Furthermore, existing groundwater exploration equipment often neglects the ability to monitor and comprehensively analyze geological parameters in real time, and lacks effective data processing and decision support systems. This means that during the exploration process, the identification and assessment of soil type, groundwater level, geological risks, etc., rely more on post-exploration analysis than on-site real-time feedback, which undoubtedly increases the uncertainty of exploration work and reduces operational efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need for a groundwater intelligent exploration device and method that can integrate modern sensing technology, intelligent control algorithms and efficient data analysis capabilities, so as to achieve rapid, accurate, safe and highly adaptable exploration of groundwater. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent groundwater exploration device and method based on static cone penetration testing technology to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A groundwater intelligent exploration device based on static cone penetration testing (CPPT) technology includes a guide seat and a penetrometer. The penetrometer and the guide seat are guided by a matching linear slide rail structure. The guide seat is fixedly installed on the ground by a fixed structure. The penetrometer includes a probe rod at the top, a probe body in the middle, and a probe at the bottom. A bearing seat is fixed at the connection between the probe body and the probe, and a bearing is fixed inside the bearing seat. A protruding connector is provided at the center of the top of the probe, and the bearing and the protruding connector are rotatably connected. A detachable drill tip is connected to the front end of the probe. A drive cavity is provided on the part of the probe body near the probe, and a motor is fixed in the drive cavity. The motor shaft of the motor is linked to the protruding connector of the probe. A control cavity is provided on the upper part of the drive cavity of the probe body, and a power supply cavity is provided on the control cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the linear slide rail includes a probe guide sleeve and a probe rod guide sleeve disposed on the guide seat. The probe guide sleeve and the probe rod guide sleeve are detachably connected by a connecting clip. The probe guide sleeve has a plurality of linear probe guide rails inside, and the outer wall of the probe has matching sliding clips corresponding to the plurality of linear probe guide rails. The sliding clips can slide linearly within the probe guide rails. The probe rod guide sleeve has a plurality of linear probe rod guide rails inside, and the outer wall of the probe rod has matching sliding clips corresponding to the plurality of linear probe rod guide rails. The sliding clips can slide linearly within the probe rod guide rails.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixing structure includes four ground anchors arranged in a square array. Two opposing ground anchors are connected by two parallel steel pipes. The four ground anchors intersect to form a square mounting frame. The square mounting frames are fixedly connected at the contact points, and the guide seat of the probe is fixedly installed inside the square mounting frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the probe integrates a sensor matrix, which includes pressure sensors, permeability sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and conductivity sensors. Multiple pressure sensors are also arranged on the outer wall of the probe. Each sensor is equipped with a corresponding AD converter, which is electrically connected to a data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit is used to collect, organize, and temporarily store the data obtained from each sensor.

[0012] Furthermore, the control cavity integrates a control circuit, including:

[0013] The microprocessor receives all data from the sensors, processes the data using algorithms, analyzes soil type and groundwater depth, assesses geological risks, and automatically adjusts the motor's operating parameters through the motor drive module based on the analysis results.

[0014] Sensor interface modules provide a standardized communication interface between microprocessors and various sensors;

[0015] The motor drive module is used to receive control signals from the microprocessor or terminal and adjust the probe's tunneling parameters;

[0016] The adaptive control module, based on real-time data analysis by a microprocessor, dynamically adjusts the tunneling strategy and equipment parameters to adapt to changes in current geological conditions.

[0017] The safety protection module is used to analyze sensor data, monitor abnormal data, and issue safety instructions.

[0018] The remote communication module is used for data transmission and communication with the remote monitoring center.

[0019] The microprocessor connects directly to the sensor matrix inside the probe and the pressure sensor on the probe's outer wall via a sensor interface module. Sensor data is converted by an AD converter, collected by a data acquisition unit, and transmitted to the microprocessor via the sensor interface module. After processing this data, the microprocessor sends instructions to the motor drive module to adjust the motor's operating parameters. It also guides the operation logic of the adaptive control module and the safety protection module. The motor drive module is directly connected to the microprocessor, receiving control signals and controlling the motor's speed and output torque. The adaptive control module is tightly integrated with the microprocessor, sharing real-time data analysis results. Based on changes in geological conditions, the adaptive control module adjusts the excavation... The input strategy and equipment parameters are fed back to the microprocessor, which then adjusts them through the motor drive module, forming a closed-loop control system. The safety protection module is directly connected to the microprocessor and continuously receives real-time data from sensors. Once abnormal data exceeding a preset threshold is detected, a warning signal is immediately sent to the microprocessor, which then activates emergency protection measures. The remote communication module establishes a wireless connection with an external remote terminal. The remote communication module receives processed data and equipment status information from the microprocessor and uploads it to the cloud server in real time. At the same time, instructions or parameter updates from the remote terminal are also transmitted to the microprocessor through the remote communication module, enabling remote control and remote adjustment of system parameters.

[0020] Furthermore, a dynamic model was established to ensure the probe remains vertically stable during rotating tunneling:

[0021] T rot -(F side ·r)-(μ·F normal ·r friction )-(F soil,side ·r soil ) = 0;

[0022] In the formula, r friction It is the lever arm of friction, r soil It is the lever arm of the lateral reaction force of the soil, F soil,sideIt is the lateral reaction force of the soil on the probe, F normal F is the positive support force of the slide rail on the probe. side Let μ be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, μ be the gravitational component of the probe body and the coefficient of friction of the slide rail, r be the lever arm length of the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, and T be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation. rot Represents the rotational torque output by the motor;

[0023] The microprocessor receives data from the sensors in real time and adjusts the rotational torque T output by the motor based on the sensor data. rot This ensures torque balance.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes a remote terminal, which is connected to the microprocessor inside the control cavity via wired or wireless means. The remote terminal is used to directly receive data processed by the microprocessor and display it on the terminal screen in real time. It is also used to input control commands, which are sent to the microprocessor via the remote terminal. The microprocessor adjusts the working status of the motor drive module and the adaptive control module according to the received commands.

[0025] A groundwater intelligent exploration method based on static cone penetration testing technology includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Equipment Installation and Preparation:

[0027] At the predetermined exploration site, a stable foundation frame is constructed using four ground anchors. The guide seat is installed at the center of the frame, and then the guide seat is vertically welded and fixed to the frame. The guide part of the penetrometer is connected to the linear slide rail structure of the guide seat, and the probe body and probe rod are respectively connected to the sliding clamp mechanism of the probe body guide sleeve and the probe rod guide sleeve. Then, the corresponding drill tip is installed according to the characteristics of the current geological layer.

[0028] S2. Sensor Calibration and Initialization:

[0029] Before starting the operation, the sensor matrix integrated inside and outside the probe is fully calibrated, including pressure sensor, permeation sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and conductivity sensor. The communication link between the data acquisition unit and the microprocessor is initialized, and the sensor interface module is verified to be working properly.

[0030] S3. Automated Detection and Data Acquisition:

[0031] The motor is started, and under the control of the microprocessor, the probe rotates and tunnels through the bearing seat and the bearing support structure, while maintaining the vertical attitude of the probe. The probe monitors the soil penetration resistance, circumferential pressure distribution, temperature, humidity and electrical conductivity parameters in real time. The data acquisition unit collects the data from each sensor, converts it into digital signals through the AD converter, and transmits it to the microprocessor for real-time processing via the sensor interface module.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] The intelligent groundwater exploration device and method based on static cone penetration testing technology presented in this application demonstrate a series of innovations and significant beneficial effects, as detailed below:

[0034] 1. Precise vertical guidance and reduced wear: The design of the linear slide rail structure, probe guide sleeve and probe rod guide sleeve ensures the precise vertical excavation of the penetrometer, especially the probe, reducing unnecessary friction with the soil or rock, effectively reducing probe wear and extending equipment service life.

[0035] 2. Enhanced geological adaptability and efficiency: The detachable drill tip design at the front end of the probe allows for the selection of the most suitable drill tip shape and material according to different geological layers, improving soil cutting efficiency and reducing penetration resistance. This enables the device to flexibly cope with various geological conditions such as soft soil, hard rock, and aquifers, enhancing the adaptability and efficiency of exploration.

[0036] 3. Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment: The integrated sensor matrix and advanced data processing capabilities enable the device to monitor various physical parameters of the soil in real time, including pressure, permeability, temperature, humidity and electrical conductivity. Through microprocessor algorithm processing, it realizes real-time analysis of geological conditions, dynamically adjusts the tunneling strategy, and ensures the accuracy of data and the safety of exploration.

[0037] 4. Intelligent control and adaptive function: The microprocessor-based control system integrates control circuits, adaptive control modules, safety protection modules, and remote communication modules, realizing precise control of motor drive, automatically adjusting tunneling parameters to adapt to changes in different geological conditions, and providing real-time data transmission and remote monitoring capabilities, greatly improving the level of intelligence in operations and the convenience of remote management.

[0038] 5. Safety and stability assurance: By establishing a dynamic model, the rotational torque output by the motor is accurately calculated and controlled, ensuring the vertical stability of the probe during the rotating excavation. At the same time, the safety protection module can monitor the system status in real time and issue an early warning immediately upon detecting any abnormality, thus enhancing the safety of the operation.

[0039] 6. Comprehensive data analysis and decision support: The machine learning algorithms used can automatically identify soil types, estimate groundwater depth, and predict geological risks, providing a scientific basis for on-site operations and promoting the efficiency and accuracy of exploration work.

[0040] 7. Improve operational efficiency and output quality: The full-process management from installation preparation, automated detection, data analysis to remote monitoring ensures the continuity and efficiency of exploration work, reduces the need for manual intervention, and improves the reliability and professionalism of exploration results through in-depth data analysis and report generation.

[0041] In summary, the intelligent groundwater exploration device and method of this application, through technological innovation and intelligent design, significantly improve the accuracy, efficiency and safety of groundwater exploration, and have broad application prospects and important practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the fixed structure of an intelligent groundwater exploration device based on static cone penetration testing technology according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of an intelligent groundwater exploration device based on static cone penetration testing technology according to the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram, 100. Ground anchor, 101. Steel pipe, 200. Guide seat, 201. Probe guide sleeve, 202. Probe rod guide sleeve, 203. Connecting clip, 204. Probe guide rail, 205. Probe rod guide rail, 300. Penetrometer, 301. Probe rod, 302. Probe body, 303. Probe, 304. Power supply chamber, 305. Control chamber, 306. Drive chamber, 307. Bearing seat, 308. Bearing, 309. Motor, 310. Drill tip. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] This application provides a groundwater intelligent surveying device based on static cone penetration testing technology, such as... Figures 1-2As shown, the device includes a guide seat 200 and a probe 300. The probe 300 is guided to the guide seat 200 by a cooperating linear slide rail structure. The guide seat 200 is fixedly mounted on the ground by a fixed structure. The probe 300 includes a probe rod 301 at the top, a probe body 302 in the middle, and a probe 303 at the bottom. A bearing seat 307 is fixed at the connection between the probe body 302 and the probe 303. A bearing 308 is fixed inside the bearing seat 307. The top center of the probe 303 is... The probe 303 has a protruding connector at its position, and the bearing 308 is rotatably connected to the protruding connector. A detachable drill tip 310 is connected to the front end of the probe 303. A drive cavity 306 is provided on the portion of the probe body 302 near the probe 303. A motor 309 is fixed inside the drive cavity 306, and the motor shaft of the motor 309 is linked to the protruding connector of the probe 303. A control cavity 305 is provided on the upper part of the drive cavity 306 on the probe body 302, and a power supply cavity 304 is provided on the control cavity 305. The probe 303 is driven by the motor 309, causing it to advance. By setting up bearing seats 307 and bearings 308, the probe body 302 remains vertically downward and does not rotate while the probe 303 rotates and advances, reducing friction between the probe body 302 and the soil or rock layer, and minimizing wear on the probe body 302. The drill tip 310 is detachably connected to the probe 303 via a flange. The drill tip 310 includes a series of drill tip components. The drill tip 310 selects appropriate drill tip shape and material according to different geological layers such as soft soil, hard rock, and aquifer, such as conical, blade-shaped or hollow drill tip, in order to optimize soil cutting efficiency and reduce penetration resistance.

[0047] The linear guide rail includes a probe guide sleeve 201 and a probe rod guide sleeve 202 disposed on the guide seat 200. The probe guide sleeve 201 and the probe rod guide sleeve 202 are detachably connected by a connecting clip 203. The probe guide sleeve 201 is provided with a plurality of linear probe guide rails 204 inside. The outer wall of the probe 302 is provided with matching sliding clips corresponding to the plurality of linear probe guide rails 204. The sliding clips can slide linearly within the probe guide rails 204. The probe rod guide sleeve 202 is provided with a plurality of linear probe rod guide rails 205 inside. The outer wall of the probe 301 is provided with matching sliding clips corresponding to the plurality of linear probe rod guide rails 205. The sliding clips can slide linearly within the probe rod guide rails 205.

[0048] In use, first fix the guide seat 200, remove the probe guide sleeve 202, insert the slide clip of the probe body 302 into the corresponding probe body guide rail 204, then install the probe guide sleeve 202, insert the slide clip of the probe 301 into the corresponding probe rod guide rail 205, and achieve vertical limitation of the penetrometer 300 through the probe body guide rail 204 and the probe rod guide rail 205. Start the motor 309 to make the probe 303 rotate and tunnel to the designated position.

[0049] The fixing structure includes four ground anchors 100 arranged in a square array. Two opposing ground anchors 100 are connected by two parallel steel pipes 101. The four ground anchors 100 intersect to form a square mounting frame, with the contact points of the square mounting frame fixedly connected. The guide seat 200 of the penetrometer 300 is fixedly installed within the square mounting frame. The guide seat 200 of the penetrometer 300 is ensured to be located at the center of the four ground anchors 100, and the sidewall of the penetrometer 300 is connected to the guide rail of the guide seat 200, ensuring that the probe 303 is vertically downward.

[0050] The probe 303 integrates a sensor matrix, including pressure sensors, permeability sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and conductivity sensors. Multiple pressure sensors are also arranged on the outer wall of the probe 303. Each sensor is paired with a corresponding AD converter, which is electrically connected to a data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit collects, processes, and temporarily stores the data acquired from each sensor. The multiple pressure sensors on the outer wall of the probe 303 monitor the circumferential pressure distribution in real time, assisting in determining soil type and adjusting the penetration strategy accordingly. They also monitor stress changes in the soil around the probe, and, combined with penetration resistance data, assess soil stability using algorithms. If any signs of instability are detected, an immediate warning is issued to the operator. The data acquisition unit uploads the collected data to the processing unit in the control chamber 305 for real-time data processing and analysis. The multiple pressure sensors on the outer wall of the probe 303 monitor the circumferential pressure distribution in real time, assisting in determining soil type and adjusting the penetration strategy accordingly. They also monitor stress changes in the soil around the probe, and, combined with penetration resistance data, assess soil stability using algorithms. If any signs of instability are detected, an immediate warning is issued to the operator.

[0051] The control cavity integrates a control circuit, including:

[0052] The microprocessor receives all data from the sensors, processes the data using algorithms, analyzes soil type and groundwater depth, assesses geological risks, and automatically adjusts the operating parameters of motor 309 through the motor drive module based on the analysis results.

[0053] Sensor interface modules provide a standardized communication interface between microprocessors and various sensors;

[0054] The motor drive module is used to receive control signals from the microprocessor or terminal and adjust the probe's tunneling parameters;

[0055] The adaptive control module, based on real-time data analysis by a microprocessor, dynamically adjusts the tunneling strategy and equipment parameters to adapt to changes in current geological conditions.

[0056] The safety protection module is used to analyze sensor data, monitor abnormal data, and issue safety instructions.

[0057] The remote communication module is used for data transmission and communication with the remote monitoring center.

[0058] The microprocessor connects directly to the sensor matrix inside probe 303 and the pressure sensor on the probe's outer wall via a sensor interface module. Sensor data, after being converted by an AD converter, is collected by a data acquisition unit and transmitted to the microprocessor via the sensor interface module. The microprocessor processes this data and sends instructions to the motor drive module to adjust the operating parameters of motor 309. It also guides the operating logic of the adaptive control module and the safety protection module. The motor drive module is directly connected to the microprocessor, receiving control signals and controlling the motor's speed and output torque. The adaptive control module is tightly integrated with the microprocessor, sharing real-time data analysis results. Based on changes in geological conditions, the adaptive control module adjusts... The overall tunneling strategy and equipment parameters are fed back to the microprocessor, which then adjusts them through the motor drive module, forming a closed-loop control system. The safety protection module is directly connected to the microprocessor and continuously receives real-time data from sensors. Once abnormal data exceeding a preset threshold is detected, a warning signal is immediately sent to the microprocessor, which then activates emergency protection measures. The remote communication module establishes a wireless connection with an external remote terminal. The remote communication module receives processed data and equipment status information from the microprocessor and uploads it to the cloud server in real time. At the same time, instructions or parameter updates from the remote terminal are also transmitted to the microprocessor through the remote communication module, enabling remote control and remote adjustment of system parameters.

[0059] Microprocessor: As the control center, the microprocessor connects directly to the sensor matrix inside probe 303, including pressure sensors, permeability sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, conductivity sensors, and the pressure sensor on the probe's outer wall, via the sensor interface module. Sensor data is converted by an AD converter, collected by a data acquisition unit, and transmitted to the microprocessor through the sensor interface module. After processing this data, the microprocessor sends instructions to the motor drive module to adjust the operating parameters of motor 309, and also guides the operating logic of the adaptive control module and the safety protection module.

[0060] Sensor Interface Module: This module connects to the sensor matrix via a standardized communication protocol, ensuring that data from all sensors is accurately transmitted to the microprocessor. It is responsible not only for physical signal conversion but also for data format standardization, ensuring efficient data transmission and processing.

[0061] Motor drive module: The motor drive module is directly connected to the microprocessor and receives control signals sent by it. These signals, based on the analysis results of the microprocessor, are used to adjust the current, voltage, and frequency of the motor 309, thereby controlling the motor speed and output torque, and achieving precise control of the tunneling speed and penetration pressure of the probe 303.

[0062] Adaptive Control Module: This module is tightly integrated with the microprocessor, sharing the results of real-time data analysis. Based on changes in geological conditions, the adaptive control module adjusts the tunneling strategy and equipment parameters, which are then fed back to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then implements adjustments through the motor drive module, forming a closed-loop control system to ensure optimal equipment operation under different geological conditions. The adaptive control module employs an algorithm model combining fuzzy logic control and an adaptive PID controller. Fuzzy logic control is suitable for handling nonlinear and highly uncertain geological exploration environments. By setting membership functions for linguistic variables such as soil hardness and penetration resistance, it achieves fuzzy reasoning and decision-making regarding geological conditions. The adaptive PID controller dynamically adjusts the proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D) parameters based on real-time data to quickly respond to changes in geological conditions and precisely control the output torque and speed of motor 309, ensuring tunneling efficiency and stability.

[0063] Parameter adjustment logic: Based on real-time soil parameter feedback, the adaptive PID controller dynamically adjusts the PID parameters through online parameter tuning algorithms such as the Ziegler-Nichols method or model reference adaptive control method, so that the motor output torque maintains the optimal match with the geological resistance. For example, when the penetration resistance suddenly increases, the controller rapidly increases the motor torque to overcome the resistance, and at the same time adjusts the speed according to the penetration rate change to ensure the probe advances smoothly.

[0064] During implementation, threshold ranges for soil hardness and penetration resistance are set to determine different geological layers. When soil hardness exceeds a certain threshold, it indicates that a hard rock layer may have been encountered. The system automatically switches to a drill tip type suitable for hard rock and appropriately slows down the drilling speed to reduce equipment wear. When soil resistivity decreases significantly, it indicates that an aquifer may have been encountered. At this time, the drilling strategy is adjusted to avoid water contamination, and the data acquisition density is increased to record detailed aquifer information.

[0065] Safety Protection Module: This module is also directly connected to the microprocessor, continuously receiving real-time data from sensors. It monitors this data and, upon detecting abnormal data exceeding preset thresholds, such as excessively high soil resistance or motor overheating, immediately sends a warning signal to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then initiates emergency protection measures, such as slowing the motor speed or completely stopping operation, to protect equipment and operational safety. Abnormal situations detected by the safety protection module are categorized as mechanical abnormalities (e.g., motor overheating, bearing wear), geological abnormalities (e.g., sudden soil hardening, soft soil rheology causing probe deflection), and environmental abnormalities (e.g., extreme weather affecting equipment stability). For example, when the motor overheats, the system automatically reduces motor power; if the temperature continues to rise, operation is paused, a cooling mechanism is activated, and the operator is notified. When penetration resistance suddenly increases, the system automatically adjusts the probe speed and penetration depth; if the resistance remains above the set threshold, it switches to low-speed mode or stops operation, checks geological conditions, and replaces the drill tip with a more suitable one. When the probe deflects, the system attempts to correct the probe position by adjusting the motor torque distribution; if the deviation is too large, the system pauses tunneling and awaits manual intervention for correction. An emergency stop button is set up so that it can be activated immediately when the operator or system detects an uncontrollable risk. The motor will stop running immediately and all moving parts will be locked to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0066] Remote communication module: The remote communication module establishes a connection with an external remote monitoring center via wireless methods such as 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, or satellite communication. It receives processed data and device status information from the microprocessor and uploads it to the cloud server in real time. Simultaneously, commands or parameter updates from the remote monitoring center can also be transmitted to the microprocessor through this module, enabling remote control and remote adjustment of system parameters.

[0067] It also includes a remote terminal, which connects to the microprocessor inside the control cavity via wired or wireless means. The remote terminal directly receives data processed by the microprocessor and displays it in real time on the terminal's screen. It is also used to input control commands, which are sent to the microprocessor via the remote terminal. The microprocessor adjusts the operating status of the motor drive module and the adaptive control module based on the received commands. This terminal, as a crucial component of the human-machine interface and remote monitoring, plays a key role in data display, command input, and system status monitoring. The specific connection relationships and functional logic are as follows:

[0068] Connection to the microprocessor: The signal connection terminal connects to the microprocessor inside the control cavity via wired or wireless means such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or a dedicated communication protocol. This connection allows the terminal to directly receive data processed by the microprocessor, including soil analysis results, groundwater level depth, and important geological risk assessment information, which are then displayed in real time on the terminal screen, providing on-site operators or technicians with an intuitive understanding of the exploration progress and geological conditions.

[0069] Command Input and Control Logic: Operators can input control commands via a signal connection terminal, such as adjusting the probe's tunneling speed, changing the sensor monitoring frequency, and setting automatic response strategies under specific geological conditions. These commands are sent to the microprocessor via the terminal, which adjusts the operating status of the motor drive module and adaptive control module based on the received commands, thereby achieving remote control and parameter adjustment of the entire surveying device.

[0070] Emergency handling and feedback: When the safety protection module detects abnormal data and sends a warning to the microprocessor, the microprocessor immediately notifies the operator of the alarm information through the signal connection terminal. The terminal will display the specific warning content and suggested countermeasures. If necessary, it can also trigger an audible and visual alarm to ensure that the operator can respond quickly and take necessary safety measures.

[0071] Remote monitoring and data synchronization: The signal connection terminal serves not only as a local operation interface but also as a bridge for data exchange with the remote monitoring center. Through the remote communication module, the terminal can synchronize all data collected on-site to the cloud server in real time, enabling remote expert teams to simultaneously view the operation status, analyze data, and provide immediate guidance. Simultaneously, experts at the remote monitoring center can also send updated operation instructions or parameter configurations to on-site equipment via the terminal, achieving true remote collaboration and management.

[0072] User Interface and Interaction Experience: The signal connection terminal is equipped with an intuitive and easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI), which not only displays real-time data, system status, and warning messages, but also provides historical data query and job report generation functions. The excellent human-computer interaction design ensures simple and quick operation, improving work efficiency.

[0073] To ensure that the probe body 302 remains vertically stable during the rotating tunneling of the probe 303 and to maximize the static penetration test, a dynamic model for maintaining the vertical stability of the probe body 302 during the rotating tunneling of the probe 303 is established:

[0074] T rot -(F side ·r)-(μ·F normal ·r friction )-(F soil,side ·r soil ) = 0;

[0075] In the formula, r friction It is the lever arm of friction, r soil It is the lever arm of the lateral reaction force of the soil, F soil,side It is the lateral reaction force of the soil on the probe, F normal F is the positive support force of the slide rail on the probe. sideLet μ be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, μ be the gravitational component of the probe body and the coefficient of friction of the slide rail, r be the lever arm length of the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, and T be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation. rot Represents the rotational torque output by the motor;

[0076] The microprocessor receives data from the sensors in real time and adjusts the rotational torque T output by the motor based on the sensor data. rot This ensures torque balance.

[0077] A dynamic model is established to ensure the vertical stability of the probe 302 during the rotating tunneling of the probe 303, taking into account the frictional force of the bearing 308, the torque output of the motor 309, and the soil reaction force. By calculating the balance between the lateral force generated by the probe rotation and the stabilizing force in the vertical direction of the probe, verticality can be maintained even under different soil resistance conditions.

[0078] Specifically, the fundamental equation for ensuring optimal vertical stability of the probe 302 during the rotating excavation of the probe 303 is: T rot =F side *r;

[0079] Among them, T rot F represents the rotational torque output by the motor. side R is the lateral force generated by the rotation of the probe, and r is the lever arm length.

[0080] Based on this, when the probe 302 moves along the linear slide rails 204 and 205, there is a frictional force F between it and the slide rails. friction Its relationship is related to the direction of the gravitational component of the probe perpendicular to the slide rail and the friction coefficient μ of the slide rail, i.e., F friction =μ*F normal F normal The positive supporting force of the slide rail on the probe body. The reaction force F of the soil on probe 303. soil This includes penetration resistance and lateral resistance. Penetration resistance is directly related to motor speed, drill tip shape, and soil hardness, while lateral resistance is related to probe rotation speed and soil shear strength. Penetration resistance is the dominant factor and is proportional to the motor output torque.

[0081] F soil，penetration ∝T rot .

[0082] Lateral forces need to take into account the soil shear modulus and the soil shear area when the probe rotates.

[0083] Therefore, the key to keeping the probe vertical lies in torque balance, including the rotational torque T. rotIt balances the sum of all the moments that cause the probe to deflect. The lateral force generated by the probe rotation produces a moment through the lever arm r that attempts to tilt the probe, while the vertical component of the soil reaction force and the moment generated by friction play a stabilizing role.

[0084] Based on the above factors, the dynamic model for maintaining the vertical stability of the probe 302 during the rotating tunneling of the probe 303 can be expressed as:

[0085] T rot -(F side ·r)-(μ·F normal ·r friction )-(F soil,side ·r soil ) = 0

[0086] Where, r friction It is the lever arm of friction, r soil It is the lever arm of the lateral reaction force of the soil, F soil,side It is the lateral reaction force of the soil on the probe, F normal F is the positive support force of the slide rail on the probe. side Let μ be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, μ be the gravitational component of the probe body and the coefficient of friction of the slide rail, r be the lever arm length of the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, and T be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation. rot Represents the rotational torque output by the motor;

[0087] The microprocessor integrates various data from the sensor matrix and performs calculations and analysis based on the dynamic model. The specific steps are as follows:

[0088] 1. Data Acquisition and Preprocessing:

[0089] Pressure sensor: The pressure sensor located inside and on the outer wall of probe 303 monitors the soil's penetration resistance F to the probe. soil,penetration and lateral force F side These data are converted into digital signals by an AD converter and then transmitted to the microprocessor via the sensor interface module.

[0090] Electrical conductivity sensor: measures soil electrical conductivity E cond This indirectly reflects the soil moisture content and the existence of potential aquifers.

[0091] Temperature and humidity sensors: provide information on the temperature and humidity of the environment and soil, which helps to understand the physical state of the soil.

[0092] Other sensors, such as permeability sensors, supplement information on soil mechanical properties.

[0093] 2. Calculation of dynamic model parameters:

[0094] The lever arm of friction (r)friction By calculating the frictional force between the probe 302 and the slide rail, the microprocessor can calculate the lever arm of the frictional force based on the geometry of the slide rail.

[0095] The lever arm (r) of the soil lateral reaction force soil ): Utilizing the lateral force F generated by the rotation of the probe side Based on soil physical properties such as shear modulus, and according to the probe's geometric parameters, the lever arm of the soil's lateral reaction force is calculated.

[0096] Lateral reaction force (F) of the soil on the probe soil,side The lateral reaction force of the soil is calculated based on the changes in electrical conductivity and penetration resistance using a soil mechanics model. The lateral reaction force, Fsoil,side, exerted by the soil on the probe originates from the soil's shear resistance. During static penetration testing, as the probe rotates and advances, lateral shear stress is generated in the soil. The magnitude of this stress depends on the soil's shear strength, the probe's shape, and the excavation speed.

[0097] By analyzing the changes in electrical conductivity and penetration resistance, soil mechanics models can be used to calculate lateral forces, i.e., the lateral reaction force of the soil on the probe, Fsoil,side, using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion or the Cambridge model.

[0098] The positive support force (F) of the slide rail on the probe normal ): This is calculated based on the weight of the probe and the vertical support force of the soil on the probe, using data from pressure sensors.

[0099] Lateral force (F) generated by probe rotation side ): directly monitored by the pressure sensor on the outer wall of the probe.

[0100] Friction coefficient (μ): An initial empirical value is set, and it is dynamically adjusted according to the ratio of friction force to vertical force during actual operation.

[0101] The rotational torque (T) output by the motor rot ): Real-time monitoring of the motor's operating status, including current and voltage, calculated based on the motor's mechanical characteristics.

[0102] To maintain the vertical stability of probe 302, the microprocessor needs to continuously receive data from sensors, including real-time physical parameters of the soil, and adjust T in real time based on this data. rot This ensures torque balance. The output torque of motor 309 is dynamically adjusted, and the rotation speed and penetration depth of the drill tip are adjusted in a timely manner to cope with the challenges posed by different geological layers, such as the low resistance of soft soil layers and the high resistance of hard rock layers.

[0103] Through mathematical models and dynamic adjustment strategies, the vertical stability of probe 302 can be effectively maintained during the rotating tunneling process of probe 303. Even in the face of complex and variable geological conditions, the effective implementation of static cone penetration testing technology can be ensured, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of intelligent groundwater exploration.

[0104] This application also provides a groundwater intelligent exploration method based on static cone penetration testing technology, including the following steps:

[0105] A groundwater intelligent exploration method based on static cone penetration testing technology, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0106] 1. Equipment installation and preparation:

[0107] First, a stable foundation frame is constructed at the predetermined exploration site using four ground anchors 100 to ensure that the guide seat 200 can be accurately installed at the center of the frame. The vertical stability of the guide seat is ensured by welding.

[0108] The guide part of the penetrometer 300 is correctly aligned with the linear slide rail structure of the guide seat 200. Through the sliding mechanism of the probe guide sleeve 201 and the probe rod guide sleeve 202, the probe body 302 and the probe rod 301 are stably guided along a straight trajectory. Then, the corresponding drill tip 310 is installed to adapt to the characteristics of the current geological layer.

[0109] 2. Sensor calibration and initialization:

[0110] Before starting the operation, the sensor matrix integrated inside and outside the probe 303 is fully calibrated, including pressure sensor, permeability sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and conductivity sensor, to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0111] Initialize the communication link between the data acquisition unit and the microprocessor, and verify that the sensor interface module is working properly to ensure smooth data transmission.

[0112] 3. Automated detection and data acquisition:

[0113] The motor 309 is started, and under the control of the microprocessor, the probe 303 achieves rotational tunneling through the support structure of the bearing seat 307 and the bearing 308, while maintaining the vertical posture of the probe body 302 and reducing frictional loss.

[0114] The system monitors soil penetration resistance, circumferential pressure distribution, temperature, humidity, and electrical conductivity parameters in real time. The data acquisition unit aggregates data from various sensors, converts it into digital signals via an AD converter, and transmits it to a microprocessor for real-time processing through the sensor interface module.

[0115] The intelligent groundwater exploration device and method based on static cone penetration testing technology presented in this application demonstrate a series of innovations and significant beneficial effects, as detailed below:

[0116] 1. Precise vertical guidance and reduced wear: The design of the linear slide rail structure, probe guide sleeve 201 and probe rod guide sleeve 202 ensures the precise vertical excavation of the penetrometer 300, especially the probe 302, reducing unnecessary friction with soil or rock, effectively reducing probe wear and extending equipment service life.

[0117] 2. Enhanced geological adaptability and efficiency: The detachable drill tip design at the front end of the 303 probe allows for the selection of the most suitable drill tip shape and material according to different geological layers, improving soil cutting efficiency and reducing penetration resistance. This enables the device to flexibly cope with various geological conditions such as soft soil, hard rock, and aquifers, enhancing the adaptability and efficiency of exploration.

[0118] 3. Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment: The integrated sensor matrix and advanced data processing capabilities enable the device to monitor various physical parameters of the soil in real time, including pressure, permeability, temperature, humidity and electrical conductivity. Through microprocessor algorithm processing, it realizes real-time analysis of geological conditions, dynamically adjusts the tunneling strategy, and ensures the accuracy of data and the safety of exploration.

[0119] 4. Intelligent control and adaptive function: The microprocessor-based control system integrates control circuits, adaptive control modules, safety protection modules, and remote communication modules, realizing precise control of motor drive, automatically adjusting tunneling parameters to adapt to changes in different geological conditions, and providing real-time data transmission and remote monitoring capabilities, greatly improving the level of intelligence in operations and the convenience of remote management.

[0120] 5. Safety and stability assurance: By establishing a dynamic model, the rotational torque output by the motor is accurately calculated and controlled, ensuring the vertical stability of the probe during the rotating excavation. At the same time, the safety protection module can monitor the system status in real time and issue an early warning immediately upon detecting any abnormality, thus enhancing the safety of the operation.

[0121] 6. Comprehensive data analysis and decision support: The machine learning algorithms used can automatically identify soil types, estimate groundwater depth, and predict geological risks, providing a scientific basis for on-site operations and promoting the efficiency and accuracy of exploration work.

[0122] 7. Improve operational efficiency and output quality: The full-process management from installation preparation, automated detection, data analysis to remote monitoring ensures the continuity and efficiency of exploration work, reduces the need for manual intervention, and improves the reliability and professionalism of exploration results through in-depth data analysis and report generation.

[0123] In summary, the intelligent groundwater exploration device and method of this application, through technological innovation and intelligent design, significantly improve the accuracy, efficiency and safety of groundwater exploration, and have broad application prospects and important practical value.

[0124] The technical solution of this application, through highly integrated and intelligent design, not only improves the operational reliability of high-voltage, high-power regulated power supplies, but also greatly enhances the maintainability and ease of operation of the system, providing an efficient, stable, and easy-to-maintain solution for related fields, and has significant practical value and technological innovation significance.

Claims

1. A groundwater intelligent surveying device based on static cone penetration testing technology, characterized in that, The device includes a guide seat (200) and a probe (300). The probe (300) and the guide seat (200) are guided by a matching linear slide rail structure. The guide seat (200) is installed on the ground by a fixed structure. The probe (300) includes a probe rod (301) at the top, a probe body (302) in the middle, and a probe (303) at the bottom. A bearing seat (307) is fixed at the connection between the probe body (302) and the probe (303). A bearing (308) is fixed inside the bearing seat (307). The probe (303) is located at the center of its top. The probe (303) is provided with a protruding connector, and the bearing (308) is rotatably connected to the protruding connector. The front end of the probe (303) is connected to a detachable drill tip (310). The part of the probe body (302) near the probe (303) is provided with a drive cavity (306). A motor (309) is fixedly installed in the drive cavity (306). The motor shaft of the motor (309) is linked with the protruding connector of the probe (303). The probe body (302) is provided with a control cavity (305) on the upper part of the drive cavity (306). A power supply cavity (304) is provided on the control cavity (305). The probe (303) integrates a sensor matrix, which includes a pressure sensor, a permeation sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a conductivity sensor. Multiple pressure sensors are also arranged on the outer wall of the probe (303). Each sensor is equipped with a corresponding AD converter. The AD converter is electrically connected to a data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit is used to collect, organize, and temporarily store the data obtained from each sensor. The control cavity (305) integrates a control circuit, including: The microprocessor is used to receive all data from the sensor and process the data using algorithms to analyze soil type, groundwater depth, assess geological risk, and automatically adjust the operating parameters of the motor (309) through the motor drive module based on the analysis results. Sensor interface modules provide a standardized communication interface between microprocessors and various sensors; The motor drive module is used to receive control signals from the microprocessor or terminal and adjust the probe's tunneling parameters; The adaptive control module, based on real-time data analysis by a microprocessor, dynamically adjusts the tunneling strategy and equipment parameters to adapt to changes in current geological conditions. The safety protection module is used to analyze sensor data, monitor abnormal data, and issue safety instructions. The remote communication module is used for data transmission and communication with the remote monitoring center. Establish a dynamic model for maintaining vertical stability of the probe body (302) during the rotating tunneling of the probe (303): ； In the formula, It is the lever arm of the frictional force. It is the lever arm of the lateral reaction force of the soil. It is the lateral reaction force of the soil on the probe. For the positive support force of the slide rail on the probe, Let μ be the lateral force generated by the probe rotation, μ be the gravitational component of the probe body and the friction coefficient of the slide rail, and r be the lever arm length of the lateral force generated by the probe rotation. Represents the rotational torque output by the motor; The microprocessor receives data from the sensors in real time and adjusts the rotational torque output by the motor based on the sensor data. To ensure torque balance; The adaptive control module is tightly integrated with the microprocessor, sharing the results of real-time data analysis. Based on changes in geological conditions, the adaptive control module adjusts the tunneling strategy and equipment parameters, which are then fed back to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then implements the adjustments through the motor drive module, forming a closed-loop control system to ensure the optimal working state of the equipment under different geological conditions. The adaptive control module adopts an algorithm model that combines fuzzy logic control and an adaptive PID controller. Fuzzy logic control handles the nonlinear and highly uncertain geological exploration environment. By setting the membership functions of soil hardness and penetration resistance linguistic variables, it realizes fuzzy reasoning and decision-making on geological conditions. The adaptive PID controller dynamically adjusts the proportional P, integral I, and derivative D parameters based on real-time data to quickly respond to changes in geological conditions and accurately control the output torque and speed of the motor (309) to ensure tunneling efficiency and stability. Based on real-time soil parameter feedback, the adaptive PID controller dynamically adjusts the PID parameters through an online parameter tuning algorithm to maintain the best match between the motor output torque and the geological resistance. When the penetration resistance suddenly increases, the controller quickly increases the motor torque to overcome the resistance, and at the same time adjusts the speed according to the penetration rate change to ensure the probe advances smoothly. The system sets threshold ranges for soil hardness and penetration resistance to determine different geological layers. When the soil hardness exceeds a certain threshold, it indicates that a hard rock layer may be encountered. The system automatically switches to a drill tip type suitable for hard rock and appropriately slows down the drilling speed to reduce equipment wear. When the soil resistivity decreases significantly, it indicates that an aquifer may be encountered. At this time, the drilling strategy is adjusted to avoid water pollution, and the data acquisition density is increased to record aquifer information in detail.

2. The intelligent groundwater exploration device based on static cone penetration testing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear guide rail includes a probe guide sleeve (201) and a probe rod guide sleeve (202) disposed on the guide seat (200). The probe guide sleeve (201) and the probe rod guide sleeve (202) are detachably connected by a connecting clip (203). The probe guide sleeve (201) is provided with a plurality of linear probe guide rails (204) inside. The outer wall of the probe (302) is provided with matching sliding clips corresponding to the plurality of linear probe guide rails (204). The sliding clips can slide linearly within the probe guide rails (204). The probe rod guide sleeve (202) is provided with a plurality of linear probe rod guide rails (205) inside. The outer wall of the probe (301) is provided with matching sliding clips corresponding to the plurality of linear probe rod guide rails (205). The sliding clips can slide linearly within the probe rod guide rails (205).

3. The intelligent groundwater exploration device based on static cone penetration testing technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed structure includes four ground anchors (100), which are arranged in a square array. Two opposing ground anchors (100) are connected by two parallel steel pipes (101). The four ground anchors (100) intersect to form a square mounting frame. The square mounting frame is fixedly connected at the contact position. The guide seat (200) of the probe (300) is fixedly installed inside the square mounting frame.

4. The intelligent groundwater exploration device based on static cone penetration testing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a remote terminal, which is connected to the microprocessor inside the control cavity via wired or wireless means. The remote terminal is used to directly receive data processed by the microprocessor and display it on the terminal screen in real time. It is also used to input control commands. The control commands are sent to the microprocessor via the remote terminal. The microprocessor adjusts the working status of the motor drive module and the adaptive control module according to the received commands.

5. A groundwater intelligent exploration method based on static cone penetration testing using the device described in any one of claims 1, 3-4, comprising the following steps: S1. Equipment Installation and Preparation: At the predetermined exploration site, a stable foundation frame is constructed using four ground anchors (100). The guide seat (200) is installed at the center of the frame, and then the guide seat (200) is vertically welded and fixed to the frame. The guide part of the penetrometer (300) is connected to the linear slide rail structure of the guide seat (200). The probe body (302) and the probe rod (301) are respectively connected to the sliding mechanism of the probe body guide sleeve (201) and the probe rod guide sleeve (202). Then, the corresponding drill tip (310) is installed according to the characteristics of the current geological layer. S2. Sensor Calibration and Initialization: Before starting the operation, the sensor matrix integrated inside and outside the probe (303) is fully calibrated, including pressure sensor, permeation sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and conductivity sensor. The communication link between the data acquisition unit and the microprocessor is initialized, and the sensor interface module is verified to be working properly. S3. Automated Detection and Data Acquisition: The motor (309) is started. Under the control of the microprocessor, the probe (303) rotates and tunnels through the support structure of the bearing seat (307) and the bearing (308), while maintaining the vertical attitude of the probe (302). The soil penetration resistance, circumferential pressure distribution, temperature, humidity and conductivity parameters are monitored in real time. The data acquisition unit summarizes the data from each sensor, converts it into digital signals through the AD converter, and transmits it to the microprocessor for real-time processing through the sensor interface module.

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