A device and method for installing and removing a flat cotter pin for repairing an open car

Abstract

The present invention discloses a flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance, comprising a retractable driving mechanism, a lower pressure module and an upper pressure module, the lower pressure module comprising a pressed-in split leg lower arc groove and a removal pin end locking plug column, the upper pressure module comprising a flat hole round pin limit seat and a flat hole round pin support seat; the present invention also discloses a flat cotter pin installation and removal method for open car maintenance, comprising the following steps: step S1, installation of the flat cotter pin; using any of the above-mentioned flat cotter pin installation and removal devices for open car maintenance, so that the upper pressure module and the lower pressure module are quickly closed, so that the open end of the flat cotter pin is closely fitted with the outer contour of the flat hole round pin; step S2, removal of the flat cotter pin; hand-held start of the retractable driving mechanism to separate the upper pressure module from the lower pressure module, so that the open end of the flat cotter pin is forced to merge and separate from the flat hole round pin. The present invention has the advantages of eliminating safety hazards, improving production efficiency, realizing standardization of disassembly and assembly operations, reducing maintenance costs, and having an integrated structure and dual uses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of installation and removal of flat cotter pins, and in particular relates to a device and method for installing and removing flat cotter pins for repairing open wagons. Background Art

[0002] According to the national railway vehicle maintenance regulations, domestic railway vehicles must be inspected after reaching their service life. During the repair process, the car body, brakes, couplers, bogie wheels, doors and installation accessories need to be inspected. Flat cotter pins are a common connection method commonly used for round pin fixation at the junction of the brake lever and the bogie lever. The round pins for fixing the lower side doors of open cars are also fixed with flat cotter pins because they cannot be recycled due to the original welding fixation and anti-detachment method, resulting in a large consumption of round pins.

[0003] During the railway vehicle maintenance process, since the disassembly and installation of flat round pins during the maintenance of railway freight cars are regulated in the production process, the process requirement is that the flat cotter pins must surround more than 3 / 4 of the circumference of the flat hole round pin after being installed, and the two pin edges of the flat cotter pins have a certain thickness. If the process requirements require that they must be tightly wrapped with the surface of the round pin, but the existing process can only solve this problem by hammering; when dismantling, it can only be removed by thermal cutting methods such as flame cutting, and the round pin body is easily damaged by cutting due to the operator's skill level. Therefore, flat round pins often cut parts or even operators during the flame cutting process, which poses certain safety hazards and consumes a lot of energy and accessories. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a device and method for installing and removing a flat cotter pin for open car maintenance, which is convenient and quick to install and remove, safe to operate, and reduces maintenance costs. It solves the problems that the flat cotter pin needs to be hammered to fit the outer wall of the flat hole round pin during installation, and that the flat cotter pin is removed by thermal cutting, which easily causes cutting of parts or even cutting of operators.

[0005] To this end, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance, including a retractable driving mechanism, a lower pressure module installed at the fixed end of the retractable driving mechanism and an upper pressure module installed at the retractable end of the retractable driving mechanism, the lower pressure module includes a press-fit split leg lower arc groove located at the left end and a removal pin end locking plug column located at the right end, the press-fit split leg lower arc groove is centrally provided with a split leg strip longitudinally, the removal pin end locking plug column is used to insert the through hole at the large end of the flat cotter pin, the upper pressure module includes a press-fit split leg lower arc groove located at the press-fit split leg A flat hole round pin limit seat is located directly above the flat hole round pin groove and a flat hole round pin support seat is located directly above the locking plug column at the end of the dismantling pin. The bottom surface of the flat hole round pin limit seat is provided with a press-fit upper arc groove for the upper part of the flat hole round pin to fit, and the rear end is provided with a limiting notch for the large head end of the flat cotter pin to pass through. The press-fit upper arc groove and the press-fit lower arc groove are both semi-circular arc structures with consistent central axes. The flat hole round pin support seat is provided with a round pin support arc groove that fits the contour of the flat hole round pin, and a notch is provided in the horizontal center of the round pin support arc groove for the middle transition section of the flat cotter pin to pass through.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the retractable driving mechanism adopts hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure or electric pressure to provide the retractable driving force, and has flexible design and wide application range.

[0007] Further preferably, a mounting cylinder welded to the top of the fixed end of the telescopic driving mechanism is provided in the middle of the pressing module, and a through hole is provided in the center of the mounting cylinder for the telescopic end of the telescopic driving mechanism to pass through. The structural design is reasonable, and the pressing module is fixedly installed without affecting the use of the telescopic end, and the installation is stable.

[0008] Further preferably, the left and right edges of the press-fit upper arc groove are provided with chamfered structures, the diameter of the press-fit upper arc groove is larger than the diameter of the press-fit lower arc groove, and the chamfer guides the outward-turned open end of the flat cotter pin to fit inwardly onto the outer wall of the flat hole round pin, thereby ensuring that the press-fitting effect of the flat cotter pin meets the process requirements and the design structure is reasonable.

[0009] Further preferably, a square hole is provided in the middle of the upper pressure module, which passes through the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic driving mechanism, and is equipped with a gasket and a nut, so as to realize the fixed installation and detachable installation of the upper pressure module, and the installation is convenient and quick.

[0010] Further preferably, the flat hole round pin support seat is provided with "L"-shaped weight-reducing notches at the front and rear. Since hand-held operation is required, the weight-reducing structure is reasonably designed and can also reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0011] It is further preferred that the left end of the locking column of the pin end is provided with a reinforced connecting block to prevent the locking column of the pin end from being broken due to excessive force when pulling, thereby ensuring the service life of the components and a reasonable design structure; the right end of the locking column of the pin end completely passes through the through hole of the large end of the flat cotter pin, thereby ensuring the firmness of the installation and increasing the contact area between the locking column of the pin end and the large end of the flat cotter pin; the length of the round pin supporting arc groove is greater than the length of the locking column of the pin end, thereby ensuring that the flat hole round pin is stably placed and the force is balanced when the pin is removed.

[0012] Further preferably, the outer contour of the locking column at the end of the pin is matched with the shape of the through hole at the large end of the flat cotter pin, thereby increasing the contact area between the locking column at the end of the pin and the large end of the flat cotter pin and balancing the force; the splitting strip adopts a triangular structure with a reasonable structural design to ensure the splitting effect of the open end of the flat cotter pin.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for installing and removing a flat cotter pin for open car maintenance, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step S1, installation of the flat cotter pin; using any of the above-mentioned flat cotter pin installation and disassembly devices for open car maintenance, hand-held start the retractable driving mechanism to separate the upper pressure module from the lower pressure module, then fit the press-fit upper arc groove of the upper pressure module with the top of the flat hole round pin, and insert the big head end of the flat cotter pin inserted into the flat hole of the flat hole round pin through the limiting notch to achieve positioning, use a splitting tool to split the open end of the flat cotter pin to 15°~20°, then hand-held start the retractable driving mechanism to quickly close the upper pressure module and the lower pressure module, so that the open end of the flat cotter pin is closely fitted with the outer contour of the flat hole round pin to achieve pin installation;

[0015] Step S2, removal of the flat cotter pin; hand-held start the retractable driving mechanism to close the upper pressure module and the lower pressure module, insert the locking column at the end of the dismantling pin into the through hole at the large end of the flat cotter pin installed on the flat hole round pin, the flat hole round pin fits with the round pin supporting arc groove, and then hand-held start the retractable driving mechanism to separate the upper pressure module from the lower pressure module, so that the open end of the flat cotter pin is forced to merge and detach from the flat hole round pin to realize pin dismantling.

[0016] According to the preferred embodiment of the above scheme, in the step S1, the upper and lower pressure modules are separated by a distance of not less than 40 mm, because when the retractable driving mechanism is started, the speed needs to be started from 0 to the set speed, so as to provide power for the disassembly and assembly of the flat cotter pin. However, if the distance is too small, it will result in the set speed not being reached even when it is fully retracted, thereby affecting the pressing effect of the flat cotter pin and causing installation failure. The splitting tool adopts a wrench, which is flexible and simple to operate.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] (1) Compared with the current method of installing flat cotter pins by hammering them to fit the outer wall of the flat hole round pin, and removing the flat cotter pins by thermal cutting, this solution uses a retractable drive mechanism to provide the driving force for assembly and disassembly, effectively avoiding manual hammering, greatly reducing the workload of staff, ensuring work efficiency, and realizing standardization of disassembly operations. It can also effectively avoid the problem of cutting parts or even cutting operators caused by flame cutting during disassembly, eliminate safety hazards, and reduce maintenance costs. The design concept is novel. According to the actual production needs and process standards on site, after on-site inspection and testing, it can truly complete the installation of the flat cotter pin connection structure of the open car side door quickly, improve production efficiency, and at the same time, the process operation method is more in line with the standardized operation process, which is convenient for workshop management and personnel allocation.

[0019] (2) The lower pressure module is provided with a lower arc groove of the press-fitted split leg located at the left end and a locking column for the dismantling pin end located at the right end. The upper pressure module is provided with a flat hole round pin limit seat located just above the lower arc groove of the press-fitted split leg and a flat hole round pin support seat located just above the dismantling pin end. The press-fitted upper arc groove of the upper pressure module fits with the top of the flat hole round pin, and the large head of the flat cotter pin inserted into the flat hole of the flat hole round pin passes through the limiting notch to achieve positioning. The upper pressure module and the lower pressure module can be quickly closed to achieve the rapid installation of the flat cotter pin; the locking column for the dismantling pin end is inserted into the through hole of the large head of the flat cotter pin installed on the flat hole round pin, and the flat hole round pin fits with the round pin support arc groove. The upper pressure module and the lower pressure module can be separated to achieve the rapid disassembly of the flat cotter pin. The upper pressure module and the lower pressure module can be closed to achieve installation, which is an integrated dual-purpose module. The upper pressure module and the lower pressure module can be separated to achieve disassembly. The design structure is linked together and the conception is ingenious.

[0020] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of eliminating potential safety hazards, improving production efficiency, achieving standardization of assembly and disassembly operations, reducing maintenance costs, having an integrated structure and dual uses, and having an ingenious design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the downward pressure module.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the upper pressure module.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the flat cotter pin.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram for disassembling the flat cotter pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Combination Figure 1 — Figure 5 As shown, a flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance is composed of a telescopic driving mechanism 1, a lower pressing module 2 installed at the fixed end of the telescopic driving mechanism 1, and an upper pressing module 3 installed at the telescopic end of the telescopic driving mechanism 1.

[0028] The pressing module 2 is composed of a press-fitting split leg lower arc groove 22 located at the left end and a removal pin end locking plug column 23 located at the right end.

[0029] A splitting strip 221 is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the arc-shaped groove 22 under the press-fit splitting leg.

[0030] The pin end locking pin 23 is used to insert into the through hole of the large end of the flat cotter pin 5.

[0031] The upper pressing module 3 is composed of a flat hole round pin limiting seat 31 located just above the arc groove 22 of the press-fitting split leg and a flat hole round pin supporting seat 32 located just above the locking plug column 23 of the removal pin end.

[0032] The bottom surface of the flat hole round pin limiting seat 31 is provided with a press-fit arc groove 311 for the upper part of the flat hole round pin 4 to fit, and the rear end is provided with a limiting notch 312 for the large end of the flat cotter pin 5 to pass through.

[0033] The press-fit upper arc groove 311 and the press-fit lower arc groove 22 are both semicircular arc structures, and their central axes are consistent.

[0034] The flat hole round pin support seat 32 is provided with a round pin support arc groove 321 that matches the contour of the flat hole round pin 4, and the round pin support arc groove 321 is laterally centered with a notch 322 for the middle transition section of the flat cotter pin 5 to pass through.

[0035] The telescopic driving mechanism 1 adopts hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure or electric pressure to provide the telescopic driving force.

[0036] A mounting cylinder 21 welded to the top of the fixed end of the telescopic driving mechanism 1 is provided in the middle of the pressing module 2, and a through hole is provided in the center of the mounting cylinder 21 for the telescopic end of the telescopic driving mechanism 1 to pass through.

[0037] The left and right edges of the press-fitted arc groove 311 are provided with chamfer structures 313 .

[0038] The diameter of the press-fit upper arc groove 311 is greater than the diameter of the press-fit lower arc groove 22 of the split leg.

[0039] A square hole 33 is provided in the middle of the upper pressing module 3 and passes through the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic driving mechanism 1 , and is equipped with a gasket 331 and a nut 332 , so as to realize the fixed installation of the upper pressing module 3 .

[0040] The flat hole round pin support seat 32 is provided with an L-shaped weight-reducing notch 323 at the front and rear.

[0041] The left end of the pin end locking plug column 23 is provided with a reinforcing connection block 231, and the right end of the pin end locking plug column 23 completely passes through the through hole of the large end of the flat cotter pin 5.

[0042] The length of the round pin supporting arc groove 321 is greater than the length of the locking plug column 23 of the removal pin end.

[0043] The outer contour of the locking column 23 at the end of the dismantling pin matches the shape of the through hole at the large end of the flat cotter pin 5, and the split leg strip 221 adopts a triangular structure.

[0044] A method for installing and removing a flat cotter pin for open car maintenance, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0045] Step S1, installation of the flat cotter pin 5;

[0046] The above-mentioned flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance is used to start the retractable driving mechanism 1 by hand to separate the upper pressing module 3 from the lower pressing module 2, and the upper and lower separation distance of the pressing module 3 and the lower pressing module 2 is not less than 40mm.

[0047] Then, the press-fitted arc groove 311 of the upper pressing module 3 is fitted with the top of the flat hole round pin 4, and the large end of the flat cotter pin 5 inserted into the flat hole of the flat hole round pin 4 passes through the limiting notch 312 to achieve positioning.

[0048] The open end of the flat cotter pin 5 is split to 15° to 20° using a splitting tool.

[0049] The splitting tool is preferably a wrench.

[0050] Then, the retractable driving mechanism 1 is started by hand, so that the upper pressing module 3 and the lower pressing module 2 are quickly closed, so that the open end of the flat cotter pin 5 is closely fitted with the outer contour of the flat hole round pin 4 to realize the pin installation.

[0051] Step S2, removing the flat cotter pin 5;

[0052] The retractable driving mechanism 1 is started by hand to close the upper pressing module 3 and the lower pressing module 2, and the locking pin 23 at the end of the dismantling pin is inserted into the large end through hole of the flat cotter pin 5 installed on the flat hole round pin 4, so that the flat hole round pin 4 fits with the round pin supporting arc groove 321.

[0053] Then, the retractable driving mechanism 1 is started by hand to separate the upper pressing module 3 from the lower pressing module 2, so that the open end of the flat cotter pin 5 is forced to merge and separate from the flat hole round pin 4 to realize the removal of the pin.

Claims

1. A flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance, characterized in that: The invention comprises a telescopic drive mechanism (1), a downward pressing module (2) installed at a fixed end of the telescopic drive mechanism (1), and an upward pressing module (3) installed at a telescopic end of the telescopic drive mechanism (1), wherein the downward pressing module (2) comprises a press-fit split leg lower arc groove (22) located at the left end and a pin removal end head locking plug post (23) located at the right end, the press-fit split leg lower arc groove (22) is provided with a split leg strip (221) in the middle and longitudinal direction, the pin removal end head locking plug post (23) is used to insert a through hole at the large end of a flat split pin (5), and the upward pressing module (3) comprises a flat hole round pin limit seat (31) located just above the press-fit split leg lower arc groove (22) and a pin removal end head locking plug post (23) located at the right end. A flat hole round pin support seat (32) is located directly above the fixed plug column (23), the bottom surface of the flat hole round pin limiting seat (31) is provided with a press-fit upper arc groove (311) for the upper part of the flat hole round pin (4) to fit, and a limiting notch (312) is provided at the rear end for the large end of the flat cotter pin (5) to pass through, the press-fit upper arc groove (311) and the press-fit lower arc groove (22) are both semi-circular arc structures, and the central axes are consistent, the flat hole round pin support seat (32) is provided with a round pin support arc groove (321) that matches the contour of the flat hole round pin (4), and the round pin support arc groove (321) is laterally centered with a notch (322) for the middle transition section of the flat cotter pin (5) to pass through.

2. A flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic driving mechanism (1) uses hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure or electric pressure to provide the telescopic driving force.

3. The flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the pressing module (2) is provided with a mounting cylinder (21) welded to the top of the fixed end of the telescopic drive mechanism (1), and a through hole is provided in the center of the mounting cylinder (21) for the telescopic end of the telescopic drive mechanism (1) to pass through.

4. A flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right edges of the press-fit upper arc groove (311) are provided with chamfered structures (313), and the diameter of the press-fit upper arc groove (311) is greater than the diameter of the press-fit lower arc groove (22).

5. The flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper pressure module (3) is provided with a square hole (33) in the middle thereof which passes through the top of the telescopic end of the telescopic drive mechanism (1), and is provided with a gasket (331) and a nut (332), thereby achieving fixed installation of the upper pressure module (3).

6. A flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flat hole round pin support seat (32) is provided with "L"-shaped weight-reducing notches (323) at the front and rear.

7. A flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left end of the pin removal end locking plug post (23) is provided with a reinforcing connection block (231), the right end of the pin removal end locking plug post (23) completely passes through the through hole at the large end of the flat cotter pin (5), and the length of the round pin supporting arc groove (321) is greater than the length of the pin removal end locking plug post (23).

8. A flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer contour of the locking plug column (23) at the end of the split pin matches the shape of the through hole at the large end of the flat split pin (5), and the split leg strip (221) adopts a triangular structure.

9. A method for installing and removing a flat cotter pin for open car maintenance, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, installation of the flat cotter pin (5); using a flat cotter pin installation and removal device for open car maintenance as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, hand-held start of the retractable drive mechanism (1) to separate the upper pressure module (3) from the lower pressure module (2), then fit the press-fit upper arc groove (311) of the upper pressure module (3) with the top of the flat hole round pin (4), and insert the large end of the flat cotter pin (5) of the flat hole of the flat hole round pin (4) through the limiting notch (312) to achieve positioning, use a splitting tool to split the open end of the flat cotter pin (5) to 15° to 20°, then hand-held start of the retractable drive mechanism (1) to quickly close the upper pressure module (3) and the lower pressure module (2), so that the open end of the flat cotter pin (5) is closely fitted with the outer contour of the flat hole round pin (4) to achieve pin installation; Step S2, removing the flat cotter pin (5); the telescopic driving mechanism (1) is hand-held and started to close the upper pressing module (3) and the lower pressing module (2), and the locking plug column (23) at the end of the cotter pin is inserted into the large end through hole of the flat cotter pin (5) installed on the flat hole round pin (4), and the flat hole round pin (4) is fitted with the round pin supporting arc groove (321), and then the telescopic driving mechanism (1) is hand-held and started to separate the upper pressing module (3) and the lower pressing module (2), so that the open end of the flat cotter pin (5) is forced to merge and separate from the flat hole round pin (4) to realize the cotter pin removal.

10. A method for installing and removing a flat cotter pin for open car maintenance according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step S1, the upper pressing module (3) and the lower pressing module (2) are separated by a distance of not less than 40 mm, and the splitting tool is a wrench.

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