A method, apparatus, device and medium for cold start of a stack based on stepped temperature

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, device, and medium for cold start of a fuel cell stack based on stepped temperature. The method includes: real-time detection of the core temperature of the core assembly; determining the heating rate of the core assembly at each heating stage according to the heating stage of the core temperature and the structural parameters of the casing; calculating the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly based on the number of gas channels in the communicating vessels and the heating stage; and heating the core assembly according to the gas supply flow rate and heating rate until the core temperature reaches the start-up temperature. Through a multi-channel dynamic heat transfer design, heat is convection from the center of the flow channel to the edge, and heat under the fins is conducted to the edge of the flow channel, thereby improving the dynamic heat transfer rate inside the battery, shortening the preheating start-up time, and simultaneously considering start-up efficiency and mechanical stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cold start technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and medium for cold start of fuel cell stacks based on stepped temperature. Background Technology

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are all-solid-state chemical power generation devices that efficiently and environmentally convert the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy directly at medium and high temperatures. Due to their high energy conversion efficiency and the fact that they do not produce harmful substances during power generation, they are widely regarded as a type of fuel cell that will be widely used in the future.

[0003] At present, the cold start process of SOFC is to control an external heating source to heat the battery so that it reaches the temperature required for normal operation from a cold state or ambient temperature. Its operating temperature is usually between 600 and 800°C.

[0004] In existing technologies, common heating start-up methods include high-temperature electric furnace heating or high-temperature gas heating, which require a long preheating time for start-up. Due to the difference in heating temperature and the thermal expansion coefficient of various battery components, the equipment is prone to bending and deformation, making it impossible to simultaneously achieve both start-up efficiency and mechanical stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a cold start method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for SOFC stacks based on stepped temperature, which solves the technical problem that existing SOFC stacks require a long time to preheat for startup, and the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the heating temperature and the materials of various battery components can easily lead to bending and deformation of the equipment, making it impossible to simultaneously achieve startup efficiency and mechanical stability.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a cold start method for a fuel cell stack based on stepped temperature. The fuel cell stack includes a housing portion and a core portion, wherein both ends of the core portion are fitted into the housing portion, and the core portion includes multiple fuel cells connected by communicating vessels. The method includes:

[0007] Real-time monitoring of the core assembly temperature;

[0008] Based on the heating stage to which the core assembly temperature belongs and the structural parameters of the shell portion, determine the heating rate corresponding to the core assembly portion in the heating stage;

[0009] Calculate the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly based on the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage;

[0010] The core assembly is heated according to the gas supply flow rate and the heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0011] Optionally, the structural parameters include gas parameters and heating component parameters; determining the heating rate of the core assembly corresponding to the heating stage according to the heating stage of the core assembly temperature and the structural parameters of the shell portion includes:

[0012] The temperature change during the heating stage is determined according to the temperature matching of the core assembly.

[0013] The product of the temperature change and the gas parameter is calculated as the heat of the stage temperature increase;

[0014] Calculate the ratio of the heat generated during the heating phase to the parameters of the heating component to obtain the required heating time;

[0015] Calculate the ratio of the temperature change to the heating time required to obtain the heating rate of the core assembly during the heating stage.

[0016] Optionally, the gas supply flow rate includes hydrogen supply flow rate and air supply flow rate; calculating the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly according to the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage includes:

[0017] Retrieve the unit hydrogen flow rate and unit air flow rate matching the heating stage from the preset hydrogen-air flow rate combination table;

[0018] The hydrogen supply flow rate of the core assembly is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit hydrogen flow rate.

[0019] The air supply flow rate of the core assembly is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit air flow rate.

[0020] Optionally, the housing portion further includes a gas inlet / outlet pipe and a heating assembly, the gas inlet / outlet pipe being connected to the core assembly portion via the connector; the step of heating the core assembly portion until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature according to the gas supply flow rate and the heating rate includes:

[0021] The mixed gas is fed into the core assembly through the gas inlet and outlet pipes according to the gas supply flow rate, so that the core assembly can be combusted.

[0022] The heating component outputs heat at the heating rate to heat the core assembly until the core assembly temperature reaches the maximum value of the heating stage.

[0023] If the maximum value of the stage is less than the start-up temperature, then the process jumps to the step of determining the heating rate of the core part in the heating stage according to the heating stage to which the core temperature belongs and the structural parameters of the shell part, until the core temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0024] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0025] If the core temperature is greater than or equal to the start-up temperature and is within the normal range, then the heat output of the heating component is stopped.

[0026] If the core temperature is higher than the start-up temperature and is not within the normal range, the heat output of the heating component and the input of the mixed gas will be stopped.

[0027] Optionally, the heating stage includes a high-speed heating stage, a medium-speed heating stage, and a low-speed heating stage;

[0028] The temperature range of the high-speed heating stage is 20℃-300℃, the temperature range of the medium-speed heating stage is 300℃-500℃, and the temperature range of the low-speed heating stage is 500℃-600℃.

[0029] Optionally, the shell portion includes an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body, an inlet insulation cover, and an outlet insulation cover;

[0030] The core assembly is housed in a cavity formed by the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body, and its two ends are respectively fitted into the air inlet insulation cover and the air storage insulation cover.

[0031] A second aspect of the present invention provides a cold start device for a fuel cell stack based on stepped temperature. The fuel cell stack includes a housing portion and a core portion, the two ends of which are fitted into the housing portion. The core portion includes multiple fuel cells connected by a communicating vessel. The device includes:

[0032] A temperature detection module is used to detect the core temperature of the core assembly in real time.

[0033] The heating efficiency determination module is used to determine the heating rate of the core assembly in the heating stage according to the heating stage to which the core assembly temperature belongs and the structural parameters of the shell part;

[0034] The flow calculation module is used to calculate the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly based on the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage.

[0035] A heating module is used to heat the core assembly portion according to the gas supply flow rate and the heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0036] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor causes the processor to perform the steps of the stack cold start method based on stepped temperature as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0037] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the stack cold start method based on stepped temperature as described in any of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0038] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0039] This invention detects the core temperature of the core assembly in real time; determines the heating rate of the core assembly during each heating stage based on the heating stage of the core assembly and the structural parameters of the casing; calculates the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly based on the number of gas channels in the communicating vessels and the heating stage; and heats the core assembly according to the gas supply flow rate and heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature. Through a multi-channel dynamic heat transfer design, heat is convection from the center of the flow channel to the edge, and heat under the fins is conducted to the edge of the flow channel, thereby improving the dynamic heat transfer rate inside the battery, shortening the preheating start-up time, and simultaneously ensuring start-up efficiency and mechanical stability. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a cold start method for fuel cell stacks based on stepped temperature, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the channels of a battery cell in a core assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a fuel cell stack cold start device based on stepped temperature, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] This invention provides a method, apparatus, device, and medium for cold starting a fuel cell stack based on stepped temperature, primarily addressing the issue of long cold start times in SOFCs. It improves the cold start method by addressing dynamic heat transfer processes and controlling thermal stress to maintain mechanical stability during SOFC cold start. This solves the technical problem that existing SOFCs require long preheating times for start-up, and the difference in heating temperature and the thermal expansion coefficients of various battery components can easily lead to equipment bending and deformation, making it impossible to simultaneously achieve both start-up efficiency and mechanical stability.

[0046] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a cold start method for fuel cell stacks based on stepped temperature, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] This invention provides a cold start method for a fuel cell stack based on stepped temperature. The fuel cell stack includes a casing portion and a core portion, with both ends of the core portion fitted into the casing portion. The core portion includes multiple fuel cells connected by communicating vessels. The method includes:

[0049] Step 101: Real-time monitoring of the core assembly temperature;

[0050] The core assembly refers to the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) housed within the casing. It comprises multiple fuel cells connected at both ends by connectors, with channels between each group. A multi-channel heating design allows the input gas mixture to be simultaneously conducted within the cell, while heat is conducted from the underside of the fins to the edges of the channels, thereby increasing the dynamic heat transfer rate within the cell and shortening the preheating and start-up time. The fuel cells can be novel flat-tube cells, connected in series to form the core assembly.

[0051] The outer casing, which houses the fuel cell assembly, contains heating components such as heating wires, thermocouples, and gas inlet / outlet pipes at various locations. These components are used for fuel cell stack heating, temperature control, and gas supply, respectively. The gas inlet / outlet pipes are connected to the fuel cell via a connector. Specifically, the casing includes an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body, an inlet insulation cover, and an outlet insulation cover. The fuel cell assembly is housed within a cavity formed by the upper and lower furnace bodies, with its two ends fitted into the inlet insulation cover and the gas storage insulation cover, respectively, and sealed to form a fuel chamber. Figure 2 As shown, the overall fuel cell stack fabrication process does not require high-temperature connecting plates and has the structural advantages of supporting flexible multi-level regular arrangement and sealing at both ends.

[0052] For SOFCs, the cold start heating process is a dynamic heat transfer process. In this embodiment of the invention, electric heating is used to heat the battery stack. Electric heating involves embedding heating plates or heating wires in the SOFC battery connectors, heating the connectors through the thermal effect of electric current, and raising the temperature of the battery body through solid-state heat conduction. Electric heating can make the internal temperature distribution of the battery more uniform, and the heating response is faster and the temperature is better controlled. To adjust the heating rate in real time, the core temperature of the core assembly can be detected in real time, serving as the data basis for its cold start regulation.

[0053] Step 102: Determine the heating rate of the core assembly in the heating stage according to the heating stage of the core assembly and the structural parameters of the shell assembly.

[0054] In one example of the present invention, the structural parameters include gas parameters and heating component parameters; step 102 may include the following sub-steps:

[0055] Determine the temperature change during the heating stage according to the core temperature matching of the heating stage;

[0056] The product of the temperature change and the gas parameters is calculated as the heat of the stage temperature increase.

[0057] The heating time required is obtained by calculating the ratio of the heat generated during the heating phase to the parameters of the heating components.

[0058] The ratio of temperature change to heating time is calculated to obtain the heating rate of the core component during the heating phase.

[0059] In this embodiment, after obtaining the core group temperature, the temperature range of the core group temperature is matched to the corresponding heating stage to determine the temperature change of the heating stage. The stage heating heat is calculated based on the product of the temperature change and the gas parameters, i.e.:

[0060]

[0061] in, This represents the stage heat increase corresponding to the i-th heating stage, and the gas parameters include the molar amount of the heating gas. and the constant volume molar heat capacity of the heated gas , The maximum temperature during the i-th heating stage. Let i be the minimum temperature in the i-th heating stage, where i is an integer and i≥1.

[0062] Optionally, the heating stage includes a high-speed heating stage, a medium-speed heating stage, and a low-speed heating stage;

[0063] The temperature range for the high-speed heating stage is 20℃-300℃, the temperature range for the medium-speed heating stage is 300℃-500℃, and the temperature range for the low-speed heating stage is 500℃-600℃.

[0064] The stage temperature rise heat corresponding to the i-th temperature rise stage is calculated. Subsequently, since the temperature rise of the core assembly comes from the heating of the heating components, which include thermocouples and heating wires, and has a fixed electrothermal conversion coefficient and heating power, the heating rate of the core assembly in the i-th heating stage can be calculated by combining the heating heat of the above stages using the following formula.

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] in, The electrothermal conversion coefficient, The heating power of the heating component, For the output heat of the heating component, The heating time required for stage i. Let be the heating rate for stage i.

[0068] Step 103: Calculate the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly according to the number of gas channels and the heating stage of the communicating vessels;

[0069] In one example of the present invention, the gas supply flow rate includes a hydrogen supply flow rate and an air supply flow rate; step 103 may include the following sub-steps:

[0070] Retrieve the unit hydrogen flow rate and unit air flow rate matching the heating stage from the preset hydrogen-air flow rate combination table;

[0071] The hydrogen supply flow rate of the core section is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit hydrogen flow rate.

[0072] The air supply flow rate of the core section is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit air flow rate.

[0073] In this embodiment, the heat transfer of this structure mainly comes from the heat transfer through the flow channels. Therefore, the temperature distribution of the entire fuel cell stack can be controlled by controlling the gas flow rate and the heating rate. The gas flow rate is calculated based on the gas flow rate requirement of each channel in each heating stage, to determine the gas supply flow rate of the entire fuel cell stack.

[0074]

[0075] in, This refers to the unit flow rate of hydrogen or the unit flow rate of air. This refers to the hydrogen or air supply flow rate for the core assembly.

[0076] In this embodiment, the gas supply flow rate includes hydrogen supply flow rate and air supply flow rate, with oxygen being the primary component. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied at corresponding flow rates through gas inlet and outlet pipes, respectively, as fuel for the partial combustion of the core assembly.

[0077] Step 104: Heat the core assembly according to the gas supply flow rate and heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0078] In one example of the present invention, the housing portion is further provided with a gas inlet / outlet pipe and a heating assembly, the gas inlet / outlet pipe being connected to the core assembly portion via a connector; step 104 may include the following sub-steps:

[0079] The mixed gas is fed into the core assembly through the gas inlet and outlet pipes according to the gas supply flow rate, so that the core assembly can be used for combustion.

[0080] The heating element outputs heat at a heating rate to heat the core assembly until the core assembly temperature reaches the maximum value of the heating stage.

[0081] If the maximum value of the stage is less than the start-up temperature, then the process jumps to the step of determining the heating rate of the core part in the heating stage according to the heating stage of the core part and the structural parameters of the shell part, until the core part temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0082] The heating rate is roughly inversely linearly proportional to the heating time. Increasing the heating rate can significantly reduce the start-up heating time, but a faster preheating rate leads to a larger temperature step change. A large temperature step can cause SOFC cells to fail during thermal cycling and also affect the stability of the battery's mechanical structure. Therefore, to comprehensively consider the heating rate and battery stability during the SOFC preheating start-up process, this paper implements staged control of the heating rate and temperature gradient, as well as gas flow control, for an SOFC stack operating at 600℃.

[0083] To ensure the fuel cell stack reaches its startup temperature quickly, uniform dynamic heat transfer is crucial. Based on the change in inlet gas temperature over time, the process is divided into two steps: first, the inlet gas temperature rises from room temperature to a preset temperature; second, the inlet gas temperature is maintained at the preset temperature while transferring heat within the battery cells. By setting the inlet gas flow rate and heating rate, the battery is heated from 20°C to 600°C. The first step, heating the gas, is relatively quick and requires less time. However, the battery's internal structure is complex, and the heating time required for heat transfer is longer, accounting for approximately 90% of the startup time. Therefore, the second step is key to accelerating the SOFC startup process. The battery structure is calibrated in three directions: x, y, and z, where x represents the direction along the channel, and y and z represent the directions perpendicular to the channel. Figure 3 As shown, heating in the x-direction is more difficult than heating in the y and z directions because heat transfer in the x-direction is much stronger by convection than by conduction, with the conduction component approaching zero. In contrast, heat conduction at the interface perpendicular to the flow direction relies primarily on thermal conduction. Therefore, by adding communicating vessels at both ends of the battery and implementing a multi-channel heating design, heat can be simultaneously conducted into the battery through multiple channels. Simultaneously, heat under the fins is conducted towards the edges of the channels, thereby increasing the dynamic heat transfer rate inside the battery and shortening the preheating start-up time.

[0084] Taking the above heating stages, which include high-speed heating, medium-speed heating, and low-speed heating, as an example:

[0085] The first stage is the high-speed heating stage, where the temperature is increased from 20°C to 300°C. At this stage, the battery is in a relatively low temperature range, minimizing the impact on its mechanical stability. A rapid heating mode can be used, with a heating time of t1 (15-20 min). The heating rate v1, calculated using Q1=W1, is used to initiate preheating. During this stage, the temperature difference between the heater and the battery is large, resulting in high heat transfer efficiency and significantly reducing the start-up time for the first stage. At this initial operating condition, temperature changes have a minimal impact on the stack's power output performance. A low flow rate is selected for startup (single channel: hydrogen flow rate 440 ml / min; air flow rate 2000 ml / min), utilizing the larger temperature difference to improve mass transfer efficiency, bringing it close to the mass transfer limit point and achieving higher fuel utilization.

[0086] The second stage: medium-speed heating stage, heating from 300℃ to 500℃. At this stage, the battery temperature begins to gradually rise. A high heating rate can affect the stability of the battery's mechanical structure, so the heating rate needs to be reduced. The heating time for this stage is set to t2 (15-20 min). Q2=W2 is used to calculate the heating rate v2 for the high heating rate, continuing preheating to ensure uniform heating of the battery body, reducing tensile stress in the cathode, anode, and electrolyte layers, and ensuring rapid and safe battery heating and startup. As the battery temperature approaches the standard operating temperature, the voltage difference of the stack gradually increases. Since the hydrogen flow rate linearly affects the stack's adjustable capacity and adjustment depth, a high flow rate is selected for the stepped startup control application (single channel: hydrogen flow rate 1320 ml / min; air flow rate 4000 ml / min). The increased hydrogen flow rate increases the hydrogen partial pressure at the battery's three-phase interface, thereby increasing the Nernst electromotive force of the stack, allowing the stack to quickly approach standard operating conditions. Simultaneously, the high-speed gas flow balances the inlet temperature gradient, improving the uniformity of battery temperature distribution.

[0087] The third stage: low-speed heating stage, heating from 500℃ to 600℃. During this stage, the battery temperature gradually reaches the battery operating temperature. Constant-rate heating reduces the temperature gradient, prevents overheating, and stabilizes the battery's starting conditions. A relatively long stabilization time is required, so this heating time is set to t3 (20-30 min). Q3=W3 is used to calculate the high-rate heating (v3) to continue preheating. At this point, the current ramp-up rate needs to be appropriately controlled to avoid localized overheating and starvation in the fuel cell stack. A normal operating flow rate configuration is selected (single channel: hydrogen flow rate 880 ml / min; air flow rate 3000 ml / min). While considering frequency regulation capacity, fuel utilization is maximized to optimize the fuel cell stack's power generation efficiency.

[0088] The SOFC preheating start-up process can be improved by using staged gradient temperature loading. This allows for a corresponding increase in the heating rate while reducing the impact of thermal stress and temperature distribution gradient on battery materials, thus ensuring start-up efficiency and reducing start-up time.

[0089] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0090] If the core temperature is greater than or equal to the start-up temperature and is within the normal range, the heat output of the heating component will be stopped.

[0091] If the core temperature is higher than the start-up temperature and is not within the normal range, the heat output of the heating components and the input of the mixed gas will be stopped.

[0092] During the cold start process of the core assembly, after the cold start is completed, the core assembly temperature may continue to rise after reaching the start-up temperature due to residual heat from the heating components. If the core assembly temperature remains within the preset normal range, indicating normal heating, the heat output of the heating components can be stopped, and power generation can proceed through combustion within the core assembly. However, if the core assembly temperature continues to rise and exceeds the normal range, both the heating components and the input of the gas mixture can be stopped simultaneously, thereby interrupting the combustion reaction process and preventing any abnormalities that could lead to safety accidents.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, the core temperature of the core assembly is detected in real time; the heating rate of the core assembly in each heating stage is determined according to the heating stage of the core assembly and the structural parameters of the casing; the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly is calculated according to the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage; and the core assembly is heated according to the gas supply flow rate and heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature. Through a multi-channel dynamic heat transfer design, heat from the center of the flow channel is convection to the edge, and heat under the fins is conducted to the edge of the flow channel, thereby improving the dynamic heat transfer speed inside the battery, shortening the preheating start-up time, and simultaneously considering start-up efficiency and mechanical stability.

[0094] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a fuel cell stack cold start device based on stepped temperature, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0095] This invention provides a step-temperature-based fuel cell stack cold start device. The fuel cell stack includes a housing portion and a core portion. The two ends of the core portion are fitted into the housing portion. The core portion includes multiple fuel cells connected by communicating vessels. The device includes:

[0096] Temperature detection module 401 is used to detect the core temperature of the core assembly in real time;

[0097] The heating efficiency determination module 402 is used to determine the heating rate of the core part in the heating stage according to the heating stage of the core part and the structural parameters of the shell part.

[0098] The flow calculation module 403 is used to calculate the gas supply flow rate of the core section according to the number of gas channels and the heating stage of the communicating vessel.

[0099] Heating module 404 is used to heat the core assembly according to the gas supply flow rate and heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0100] Optionally, the structural parameters include gas parameters and heating component parameters; the heating efficiency determination module 402 is specifically used for:

[0101] Determine the temperature change during the heating stage according to the core temperature matching of the heating stage;

[0102] The product of the temperature change and the gas parameters is calculated as the heat of the stage temperature increase.

[0103] The heating time required is obtained by calculating the ratio of the heat generated during the heating phase to the parameters of the heating components.

[0104] The ratio of temperature change to heating time is calculated to obtain the heating rate of the core component during the heating phase.

[0105] Optionally, the gas supply flow rate includes the hydrogen supply flow rate and the air supply flow rate; the flow calculation module 403 is specifically used for:

[0106] Retrieve the unit hydrogen flow rate and unit air flow rate matching the heating stage from the preset hydrogen-air flow rate combination table;

[0107] The hydrogen supply flow rate of the core section is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit hydrogen flow rate.

[0108] The air supply flow rate of the core section is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit air flow rate.

[0109] Optionally, the housing portion also includes gas inlet / outlet pipes and a heating assembly; the gas inlet / outlet pipes are connected to the core assembly portion via a connector; the heating module 404 is specifically used for:

[0110] The mixed gas is fed into the core assembly through the gas inlet and outlet pipes according to the gas supply flow rate, so that the core assembly can be used for combustion.

[0111] The heating element outputs heat at a heating rate to heat the core assembly until the core assembly temperature reaches the maximum value of the heating stage.

[0112] If the maximum value of the stage is less than the start-up temperature, then the process jumps to the step of determining the heating rate of the core part in the heating stage according to the heating stage of the core part and the structural parameters of the shell part, until the core part temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

[0113] Optionally, the heating module 404 is also used for:

[0114] If the core temperature is greater than or equal to the start-up temperature and is within the normal range, the heat output of the heating component will be stopped.

[0115] If the core temperature is higher than the start-up temperature and is not within the normal range, the heat output of the heating components and the input of the mixed gas will be stopped.

[0116] Optionally, the heating stage includes a high-speed heating stage, a medium-speed heating stage, and a low-speed heating stage;

[0117] The temperature range for the high-speed heating stage is 20℃-300℃, the temperature range for the medium-speed heating stage is 300℃-500℃, and the temperature range for the low-speed heating stage is 500℃-600℃.

[0118] Optionally, the shell portion includes an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body, an inlet insulation cover, and an outlet insulation cover;

[0119] The core assembly is housed in a cavity consisting of an upper furnace body and a lower furnace body, with its two ends respectively fitted into an air inlet insulation cover and an air storage insulation cover.

[0120] This invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the stack cold start method based on stepped temperature as described in any embodiment of this invention.

[0121] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed, implements the stack cold start method based on stepped temperature as described in any embodiment of this invention.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the above-described device and module can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0123] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0124] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0125] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0126] If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0127] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold start method for fuel cell stacks based on stepped temperature, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack includes a housing portion and a core portion, the two ends of which are fitted into the housing portion, and the core portion includes multiple fuel cells connected by a communicating vessel; the method includes: Real-time monitoring of the core assembly temperature; Based on the heating stage to which the core assembly temperature belongs and the structural parameters of the shell portion, determine the heating rate corresponding to the core assembly portion in the heating stage; Calculate the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly based on the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage; The core assembly is heated according to the gas supply flow rate and the heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature. The structural parameters include gas parameters and heating component parameters; determining the heating rate of the core assembly corresponding to the heating stage according to the heating stage of the core assembly temperature and the structural parameters of the shell part includes: The temperature change during the heating stage is determined according to the temperature matching of the core assembly. The product of the temperature change and the gas parameter is calculated as the heat of the stage temperature increase; Calculate the ratio of the heat generated during the heating phase to the parameters of the heating component to obtain the required heating time; Calculate the ratio of the temperature change to the heating time required to obtain the heating rate of the core assembly during the heating stage; The gas supply flow rate includes hydrogen supply flow rate and air supply flow rate; calculating the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly according to the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage includes: Retrieve the unit hydrogen flow rate and unit air flow rate matching the heating stage from the preset hydrogen-air flow rate combination table; The hydrogen supply flow rate of the core assembly is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit hydrogen flow rate. The air supply flow rate of the core assembly is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit air flow rate.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing portion also includes a gas inlet / outlet pipe and a heating assembly, the gas inlet / outlet pipe being connected to the core assembly portion via the connector; the step of heating the core assembly portion until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature according to the gas supply flow rate and the heating rate includes: The mixed gas is fed into the core assembly through the gas inlet and outlet pipes according to the gas supply flow rate, so that the core assembly can be combusted. The heating component outputs heat at the heating rate to heat the core assembly until the core assembly temperature reaches the maximum value of the heating stage. If the maximum value of the stage is less than the start-up temperature, then the process jumps to the step of determining the heating rate of the core part in the heating stage according to the heating stage to which the core temperature belongs and the structural parameters of the shell part, until the core temperature reaches the start-up temperature.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the core temperature is greater than or equal to the start-up temperature and is within the normal range, then the heat output of the heating component is stopped. If the core temperature is higher than the start-up temperature and is not within the normal range, the heat output of the heating component and the input of the mixed gas will be stopped.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating phase includes a high-speed heating phase, a medium-speed heating phase, and a low-speed heating phase. The temperature range of the high-speed heating stage is 20℃-300℃, the temperature range of the medium-speed heating stage is 300℃-500℃, and the temperature range of the low-speed heating stage is 500℃-600℃.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell portion includes an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body, an air inlet insulation cover, and an air outlet insulation cover; The core assembly is housed in a cavity formed by the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body, and its two ends are respectively fitted into the air inlet insulation cover and the air outlet insulation cover.

6. A cold start device for fuel cell stacks based on stepped temperature, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack includes a housing portion and a core portion, the two ends of which are fitted into the housing portion, and the core portion includes multiple fuel cells connected by a connector; The device includes: A temperature detection module is used to detect the core temperature of the core assembly in real time. The heating efficiency determination module is used to determine the heating rate of the core assembly in the heating stage according to the heating stage to which the core assembly temperature belongs and the structural parameters of the shell part; The flow calculation module is used to calculate the gas supply flow rate of the core assembly based on the number of gas channels in the communicating vessel and the heating stage. A heating module is used to heat the core assembly portion according to the gas supply flow rate and the heating rate until the core assembly temperature reaches the start-up temperature; The structural parameters include gas parameters and heating component parameters; the heating efficiency determination module is specifically used for: The temperature change during the heating stage is determined according to the temperature matching of the core assembly. The product of the temperature change and the gas parameter is calculated as the heat of the stage temperature increase; Calculate the ratio of the heat generated during the heating phase to the parameters of the heating component to obtain the required heating time; Calculate the ratio of the temperature change to the heating time required to obtain the heating rate of the core assembly during the heating stage; The gas supply flow rate includes the hydrogen supply flow rate and the air supply flow rate; the flow calculation module is specifically used for: Retrieve the unit hydrogen flow rate and unit air flow rate matching the heating stage from the preset hydrogen-air flow rate combination table; The hydrogen supply flow rate of the core assembly is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit hydrogen flow rate. The air supply flow rate of the core assembly is obtained by multiplying the number of gas channels by the unit air flow rate.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor causes the processor to perform the steps of the stack cold start method based on stepped temperature as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the stack cold start method based on stepped temperature as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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