A kind of black color glaze and firing method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a black-colored glaze and a firing method thereof. The black-colored glaze is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 25.2-30.8% potassium feldspar, 8.1-9.9% quartz powder, 8.1-9.9% calcium carbonate, 4.5-5.5% black mud, 4.5-5.5% wood ash, 5.4-6.6% yellow sand, 8.1-9.9% white mud, 2.7-3.3% soybean straw ash, 2.7-3.3% agate, 2.7-3.3% zirconium silicate, 2.7-3.3% titanium oxide, 0.9-1.1% blue and white material, 5.4-6.6% five-color soil, 2.7-3.3% rice washing water, 2.7-3.3% zinc oxide, 0.72-0.88% sodium silicate, and 2.88-3.52% glass powder. The advantages of the present invention are that the black-colored glaze has rich and bright color levels and is also colorful and crystal clear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pottery making, in particular to a black-colored glaze and a firing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pottery, an ancient handicraft, stems from humanity's ingenious use of natural materials. Carefully shaped from clay or earth, then tempered by fire, it transforms into a precious treasure, becoming an indispensable tool for everyday life. Over time, pottery craftsmanship, like civilization itself, has evolved from rudimentary to sophisticated. Artisans have not only mastered increasingly complex shaping techniques but also invented glaze, a miraculous substance that, when applied to the surface of a pottery blank and then fired at high temperatures, forms a dense, glassy layer, greatly enhancing the pottery's practicality and aesthetic appeal.

[0003] The application of glazes is not only a technological breakthrough but also a manifestation of aesthetic pursuit. They create a smooth, delicate surface that's easy to clean, while also providing artists with a new creative medium. In response to consumers' growing aesthetic demands and pursuit of individuality, the ceramic industry has seen a wave of innovation in recent years. Master ceramicists and researchers are collaborating to develop new glaze formulas, exploring unprecedented artistic effects and striving to make each ceramic piece a unique work of art. Drawing inspiration from nature, they seek to capture the vibrant light and shadow of sunrises and sunsets, the rich colors of the changing seasons, and the magnificent textures of mountains, rivers, and seas, incorporating these elements into glazes to create an ever-changing visual feast for the eyes.

[0004] However, in this pursuit of ultimate beauty, a unique technique known as "Xuancai glaze" remains an insurmountable challenge, challenging the wisdom and patience of countless potters. As its name suggests, Xuancai glaze strives for a profound, mysterious, and vibrantly colorful effect. It requires the glaze surface to refract light, revealing a fantastical scene of distinct layers and rich colors, as if capturing the universe and a dreamlike wonderland upon the ceramic. This glaze not only tests the scientific proportions of the glaze itself, but also requires precise control of firing temperature and time. Any slight deviation can significantly compromise the effect.

[0005] Although many ceramic artists have invested a lot of time and energy, tried countless glaze combinations, and adjusted firing parameters countless times, the maturity of Xuancai glaze skills is still not high. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a black-colored glaze and a firing method thereof.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A black glaze, which is composed of the following components in percentage by weight:

[0009] Potassium feldspar 25.2-30.8%, quartz powder 8.1-9.9%, calcium carbonate 8.1-9.9%, black mud 4.5-5.5%, wood ash 4.5-5.5%, yellow sand soil 5.4-6.6%, white mud 8.1-9.9%, soybean straw ash 2.7-3.3%, agate 2.7-3.3%, zirconium silicate 2.7-3.3%, titanium oxide 2.7-3.3%, blue and white material 0.9-1.1%, five-color soil 5.4-6.6%, rice washing water 2.7-3.3%, zinc oxide 2.7-3.3%, sodium silicate 0.72-0.88%, glass powder 2.88-3.52%.

[0010] Preferably, it is composed of the following components in weight percentages:

[0011] The ingredients include 28% potassium feldspar, 9% quartz powder, 9% calcium carbonate, 5% black mud, 5% wood ash, 6% yellow sand, 9% white mud, 3% soybean straw ash, 3% agate, 3% zirconium silicate, 3% titanium oxide, 1% blue and white material, 6% five-color soil, 3% rice washing water, 3% zinc oxide, 0.8% sodium silicate and 3.2% glass powder.

[0012] A method for firing the aforementioned Xuancai glaze employs a shuttle kiln, wherein the left side of the shuttle kiln is provided with fire holes No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 at intervals, and the right side is provided with fire holes No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 10, No. 11, and No. 12 at intervals; the ceramic body is glazed and then fired, wherein the glaze used for glazing is prepared by ball milling the Xuancai glaze with water for 36 hours, and the specific firing steps are as follows:

[0013] 1. Fire: At room temperature, light the No. 1 and No. 3 fire holes on the left side, and the No. 8 and No. 12 fire holes on the right side of the fire channel. Open the kiln door and fire for 2 hours, raising the temperature to 120℃.

[0014] 2. Add No. 4 and No. 9 fire holes, fire for 2 hours, and raise the temperature to 300℃;

[0015] 3. Add fire holes No. 2, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 10 and No. 11, and fire for 3 hours. Close the kiln door when the kiln reaches 500℃.

[0016] 4. Continue firing for 2 hours and raise the temperature to 800℃, then reduce the pressure and keep warm for 30 minutes;

[0017] 5. Continue firing for 1.5 hours. When the temperature reaches 960°C, reduce all dampers to 1-1.5mm and close the skylight to 10cm to allow the temperature in the kiln to return to a reduced state. Firing for 3 hours. When the temperature reaches 1100°C, keep warm for 30 minutes.

[0018] 6. When the temperature rises to 1190℃, increase the air door, pull the skylight to about 15cm, reduce the reduction, until the oxidation firing state, the firing time is 3 hours, the temperature is fired to 1220℃, and keep warm for 50 minutes;

[0019] 7. Raise the temperature to 1280℃, reduce the air damper, and close the skylight to between 13cm-16cm to form a weak reduction in the kiln. Keep warm for 1.2 hours and turn off the fire. At the same time, close all skylights, seal the fire port and the fire viewing hole.

[0020] Preferably, the water content of the glaze is 46-48% (weight percentage).

[0021] The functions of some components of the present invention are described as follows:

[0022] 1. Rice water: Rice water is the water left after washing rice. Rice water is soaked in water for at least 30 minutes, filtered to remove the rice and impurities, and then left to stand for 24 hours before use. Rice water is acidic, with a pH of 5.5-6. Its water molecules are excellent at separating grease and dirt. This also helps separate the glaze layers during high-temperature firing, resulting in varying glaze colors.

[0023] 2. White clay: White clay has good acid solubility, very low cation exchange capacity, good fire resistance and other physical and chemical properties in ceramic glaze, good plasticity and high adhesion.

[0024] 3. The role of potassium feldspar in glaze is:

[0025] (1) Increasing the calcium carbonate content and lowering the melting temperature, thereby reducing the amount of alkali used, this characteristic makes potassium feldspar one of the key components of glaze formula.

[0026] (2) Potassium feldspar can adjust the viscosity of the glaze, which plays a vital role in controlling the fluidity of the glaze.

[0027] (3) Potassium feldspar can slow down the melting speed of the glaze, making the glaze surface more stable, thereby obtaining a more uniform and smooth glaze surface.

[0028] 4. Soybean straw ash: Soybean ash contains calcium carbonate salt, which can reduce the melting point and viscosity of the glaze in the glaze, thereby helping to lower the melting point of the glaze, increase the vitrification degree of the glaze surface, improve the glaze effect, and adjust the glaze color.

[0029] 5. Agate: The component of agate is silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon dioxide is a common component in many rocks and minerals. As a variant of quartz, agate has a crystalline structure that gives it a special appearance and physical properties. In addition, agate has a variety of colors, including red, blue, green, purple, black, white, etc. Some agates also have color band characteristics, which are all determined by the structural content of silicon dioxide inside. Agate plays a big role in the richness and variation of color.

[0030] The glaze liquid of the present invention can be obtained by using existing production processes. Unspecified percentages are all mass percentages.

[0031] The above technical solution has the following advantages:

[0032] The Xuancai glaze of the present invention is made from high-quality high mountain materials, agate, quartz sand, white mud and Wuhua soil from the Xiangyang coal seam in Huaning. These materials are then mixed with overnight rice washing water, burnt soybean stalks, and pure wood ash in proportion, ball-milled into a glaze slurry over a period of 36 hours, and then fired at a high temperature of 1280°C and reduced. The complex proportions of the present invention, which underwent tens of thousands of tests, were finally fired to produce a glaze with a high base glaze temperature coefficient and a low top glaze temperature coefficient. The different temperature coefficients at high temperatures produce a variety of brilliant colors. The glaze is not only rich and bright in color, but also colorful and crystal clear. The Xuancai glaze of the present invention was born from the Eastern artistic thought system. The content it expresses is a reflection of the bright state of mind of "mysterious colors", a manifestation of the consciousness from Lingshan, and a perception and depiction of the natural state and the truth of the universe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is a further description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A black glaze, which is composed of the following components in percentage by weight:

[0036] Potassium feldspar 28%, quartz powder 9%, calcium carbonate 9%, black mud (local) 5%, wood ash 5%, yellow sand soil 6%, white clay 9%, soybean straw ash 3%, agate (local Dongshan material) 3%, zirconium silicate 3%, titanium oxide 3%, blue and white material (cobalt material) 1%, five-color soil (local material) 6%, rice washing water 3%, zinc oxide 3%, sodium silicate 0.8%, glass powder 3.2%.

[0037] The firing process is carried out in a shuttle kiln. The left side of the shuttle kiln is provided with fire holes No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 at intervals, and the right side is provided with fire holes No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 10, No. 11, and No. 12 at intervals. The ceramic body is glazed and then fired. The glaze used for glazing is prepared by ball milling the aforementioned Xuancai glaze with water for 36 hours. The water content of the glaze is 46% (by weight). The specific firing steps are as follows:

[0038] 1. Fire: At room temperature, light the No. 1 and No. 3 fire holes on the left side, and the No. 8 and No. 12 fire holes on the right side of the fire channel. Open the kiln door and fire for 2 hours, raising the temperature to 120℃.

[0039] 2. Add No. 4 and No. 9 fire holes, fire for 2 hours, and raise the temperature to 300℃;

[0040] 3. Add fire holes No. 2, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 10 and No. 11, and fire for 3 hours. Close the kiln door when the kiln reaches 500℃.

[0041] 4. Continue firing for 2 hours and raise the temperature to 800℃, then reduce the pressure and keep warm for 30 minutes;

[0042] 5. Continue firing for 1.5 hours. When the temperature reaches 960°C, reduce all dampers to 1-1.5mm and close the skylight to 10cm to allow the temperature in the kiln to return to a reduced state. Firing for 3 hours. When the temperature reaches 1100°C, keep warm for 30 minutes.

[0043] 6. When the temperature rises to 1190℃, increase the air door, pull the skylight to about 15cm, reduce the reduction, until the oxidation firing state, the firing time is 3 hours, the temperature is fired to 1220℃, and keep warm for 50 minutes;

[0044] 7. Raise the temperature to 1280℃, reduce the air damper, and close the skylight to between 13cm-16cm to form a weak reduction in the kiln. Keep warm for 1.2 hours and turn off the fire. At the same time, close all skylights, seal the fire port and the fire viewing hole.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A black glaze, which is composed of the following components in percentage by weight:

[0047] Potassium feldspar 26.4%, quartz powder 8.1%, calcium carbonate 8.1%, black mud 4.5%, wood ash 4.5%, yellow sand soil 6.6%, white mud 9.9%, soybean straw ash 3.3%, agate 3.3%, zirconium silicate 3.3%, titanium oxide 3.3%, blue and white material 1.1%, five-color soil 6.6%, rice washing water 3.3%, zinc oxide 3.3%, sodium silicate 0.88%, glass powder 3.52%.

[0048] During the firing process, the water content of the glaze liquid is 48% (weight percentage) and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A black glaze, which is composed of the following components in percentage by weight:

[0051] Potassium feldspar 29.8%, quartz powder 9.9%, calcium carbonate 9.9%, black mud 5.5%, wood ash 5.5%, yellow sand soil 5.2%, white clay 8.1%, soybean straw ash 2.7%, agate 2.7%, zirconium silicate 2.7%, titanium oxide 2.7%, blue and white material 0.9%, five-color soil 5.4%, rice washing water 2.7%, zinc oxide 2.7%, sodium silicate 0.72%, glass powder 2.88%.

[0052] During the glaze making process, the water content of the glaze liquid is 47% (weight percentage) and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0053] The glazed pottery fired by the present invention forms a natural and colorful effect on the surface of the glazed pottery. Under the refraction of light, the glaze surface can show a fantasy scene with distinct layers and rich colors, as if the stars in the universe and the dreamland are solidified on the ceramics.

[0054] The colors of the Xuancai glaze of the present invention are like using the Great Perfection Mind Method to create mental images, depicting the natural scenes, images and illusions of the real world and the realm of emptiness, and constructing a psychological image projection path that gradually progresses in three dimensions, that is, from "image" to "non-image" to "formlessness", forming an independent artistic thought and a clear artistic context, and embarking on a self-contained ceramic art path. The "mental image art" of the Xuancai glaze has been pushed to a higher dimension and level, which is also the profoundness of the color of the Xuancai glaze.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations of these embodiments may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the changes still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for firing a black glaze, characterized in that: Xuancai glaze is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: Potassium feldspar 25.2-30.8%, quartz powder 8.1-9.9%, calcium carbonate 8.1-9.9%, black mud 4.5-5.5%, wood ash 4.5-5.5%, yellow sand soil 5.4-6.6%, white clay 8.1-9.9%, soybean straw ash 2.7-3.3%, agate 2.7-3.3%, zirconium silicate 2.7-3.3%, titanium oxide 2.7-3.3%, blue and white material 0.9-1.1%, five-color soil 5.4-6.6%, rice washing water 2.7-3.3%, zinc oxide 2.7-3.3%, sodium silicate 0.72-0.88%, glass powder 2.88-3.52%; The firing method uses a shuttle kiln, wherein the left side of the shuttle kiln is provided with fire holes No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 at intervals, and the right side is provided with fire holes No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 10, No. 11, and No. 12 at intervals; the ceramic body is glazed and then fired, and the glaze used for glazing is prepared by adding water to the above-mentioned Xuancai glaze and ball milling for 36 hours. The specific firing steps are as follows:

1. Fire: At room temperature, light the No. 1 and No. 3 fire holes on the left side, and the No. 8 and No. 12 fire holes on the right side of the fire channel. Open the kiln door and fire for 2 hours, raising the temperature to 120℃.

2. Add No. 4 and No. 9 fire holes, fire for 2 hours, and raise the temperature to 300℃; 3. Add fire holes No. 2, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 10 and No. 11, and fire for 3 hours. Close the kiln door when the kiln reaches 500℃.

4. Continue firing for 2 hours and raise the temperature to 800℃, then reduce the pressure and keep warm for 30 minutes; 5. Continue firing for 1.5 hours. When the temperature reaches 960°C, reduce all dampers to 1-1.5mm and close the skylight to 10cm to allow the temperature in the kiln to return to a reduced state. Firing for 3 hours. When the temperature reaches 1100°C, keep warm for 30 minutes.

6. When the temperature rises to 1190℃, increase the air door, pull the skylight to 15cm, reduce the reduction, until the oxidation firing state, the firing time is 3 hours, the temperature is fired to 1220℃, and keep warm for 50 minutes; 7. Raise the temperature to 1280℃, reduce the air damper, and close the skylight to between 13cm-16cm to form a weak reduction in the kiln. Keep warm for 1.2 hours and turn off the fire. At the same time, close all skylights, seal the fire port and the fire viewing hole.

2. The firing method of the Xuancai glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The black glaze is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: The ingredients include 28% potassium feldspar, 9% quartz powder, 9% calcium carbonate, 5% black mud, 5% wood ash, 6% yellow sand, 9% white mud, 3% soybean straw ash, 3% agate, 3% zirconium silicate, 3% titanium oxide, 1% blue and white material, 6% five-color soil, 3% rice washing water, 3% zinc oxide, 0.8% sodium silicate, and 3.2% glass powder.

3. The firing method of the Xuancai glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the glaze is 46-48% by weight.