Potted plant substrate and nutrient preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a potted plant substrate and a nutrient preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of potted plant cultivation, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing coconut shell materials, peat soil, perlite, carbonized rice husks and plant ash to obtain a basic substrate; s2, uniformly mixing the plant source bio-organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer to obtain a nutrient agent; s3, mixing and uniformly stirring the basic substrate and the nutrient agent to obtain a finished substrate product for the potted plant. The coconut shell materials with three different structural systems and the peat soil with different particles and pH values are selected, the requirements of various different potted plants can be met, and the root growth requirements of different plants are met; in addition, coffee fruit shells, moringa oleifera leaves, pine needle meal and bagasse are combined for use, and trichoderma harzianum and burkholderia cepacia are adopted for compound fermentation, so that the prepared plant source bio-organic fertilizer can effectively enable the prepared matrix finished product for potted plants to have the characteristics of excellent growth promotion and high survival promotion.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of potted plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a potted plant substrate and a nutrient preparation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of potted plant cultivation, scientific proportioning of the basic substrate and nutrients is a core factor determining the growth state of plants. The potted substrates on the current market are mainly simple mixtures of raw materials, such as peat soil, perlite, coconut coir and the like. Such substrates generally have problems of unbalanced water and fertilizer retention capacity and insufficient air permeability, which leads to the easy occurrence of anaerobic decay or nutrient absorption obstruction of plant roots in the growth process, directly affecting the survival rate of seedlings. At the same time, the existing nutrient supply methods have obvious defects. For example, they rely on chemical fertilizers, which have a quick effect in the short term, but long-term use will destroy the microecological balance of the substrate, leading to soil compaction and salt accumulation, and thus inhibiting the development of plant roots. Or they use single organic fertilizer, which has slow and unbalanced nutrient release and is difficult to meet the needs of plants at different growth stages. In addition, the combination of traditional substrates and nutrients lacks pertinence. When the same formula is used for different types of plants, it cannot adapt to the root characteristics and metabolic rules of the plants, further exacerbating the low survival rate and slow growth.

[0003] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to provide a potted plant substrate and a preparation method that can improve the survival rate of plants and promote rapid growth. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a potted plant substrate and a nutrient preparation method, which solves the problems of low survival rate and slow growth in the prior art.

[0005] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A potted plant substrate and a nutrient preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, uniformly mixing coconut shell material, peat soil, perlite, carbonized rice husk and wood ash to obtain a basic substrate;

[0008] S2, uniformly mixing plant-derived biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to obtain a nutrient agent;

[0009] S3, mixing and stirring the basic substrate and the nutrient agent uniformly to obtain a potted plant substrate finished product.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the mass ratio of the coconut shell material, peat soil, perlite, carbonized rice husk and wood ash in step S1 is 25-35:15-20:5-10:20-30:5-10.

[0011] Further, the coconut shell material in step S1 includes coconut shell particles, coconut shell fibers, and coconut shell powder in a mass ratio of 1.5-2:1-1.5:1-1.5.

[0012] The coconut shell particles are particles obtained by crushing the coconut shell, can provide air permeability and water drainage, and are suitable for root stretching.

[0013] The coconut shell fibers are fibers adhering to the outermost layer of the coconut shell, are rich in organic matter, have the characteristics of enhancing the stability of the substrate structure, water and fertilizer retention, air permeability, and good water drainage.

[0014] The coconut shell powder is powder obtained by crushing the coconut shell, is rich in organic matter and trace elements, can provide comprehensive nutritional support for seedlings, and has good air permeability and water retention, which is helpful for root development and significantly improves the success rate of seedling raising.

[0015] Further, the particle size of the coconut shell particles is 3-5 mm, the length of the coconut shell fibers is 2-6 cm, and the particle size of the coconut shell powder is 0.3-1 mm.

[0016] The present application selects three different structural systems of coconut shell materials, optimizes the performance of the potted plant substrate through hierarchical pore, provides air permeability with the granular coconut shell particles, enhances the structural stability with the fibrous coconut shell fibers, and improves the water retention with the powdery coconut shell powder, so that the three are synergistic to achieve the slow release of nutrients and have the advantages of air permeability and anti-compaction, can adapt to the needs of various potted plants, and effectively improve the survival rate of potted plants and promote plant growth.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the peat soil in step S1 includes peat soils with different particles and pH values.

[0018] Further, the peat soil includes coarse particle peat soil and fine particle peat soil in an equal mass ratio; the particle size of the coarse particle peat soil is 4-6 mm, the pH value is 5.5-6.0, and the organic matter content is 45-60%; the particle size of the fine particle peat soil is 1-3 mm, the pH value is 6.0-7.0, and the organic matter content is 40-50%.

[0019] The present application mixes peat soils with different particle sizes and pH values, the coarse particle peat soil can provide large pores to prevent water accumulation and root rot, and the coarse particle peat soil in this pH range can also promote the dissolution of elements such as iron and manganese; the fine particle peat soil can fill micro-pores to improve the ability of root system to absorb water and nutrients, and the fine particle peat soil in this pH range can also promote microbial activity and assist the coarse particle peat soil to improve the effectiveness of dissolved elements; the mixture of the two can achieve pH dynamic stability and promote nutrient absorption, and can meet the growth needs of different plant roots.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the particle size of the perlite in step S1 is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of the carbonized rice husk is 2-4 mm.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the addition amount of the plant-derived biological organic fertilizer in step S2 is 2-5% of the total mass of the base substrate in step S1.

[0022] Further, the preparation method of the plant-derived biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0023] A1, drying and uniformly mixing coffee husks, moringa leaves, pine needle powder and sugarcane residues, and crushing to obtain crushed materials;

[0024] A2, stacking and fermenting the crushed materials, turning during the fermentation, obtaining primary fermentation materials, adding Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cepacia for temperature-controlled fermentation to obtain secondary fermentation materials;

[0025] A3, temperature-controlled drying of the secondary fermentation materials to obtain the plant-derived biological organic fertilizer.

[0026] Further, the mass ratio of the coffee husks, moringa leaves, pine needle powder and sugarcane residues in step A1 is 26-35:15-22:12-18:10-20.

[0027] Coffee husks refer to the outer shell of coffee beans, which can provide slow-release carbon source and improve the air permeability of the substrate, and the contained caffeine can destroy the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria and inhibit soil-borne diseases.

[0028] Moringa leaves refer to the leaves of the evergreen tropical deciduous tree Moringa oleifera, which is native to India. Moringa leaves contain crude protein and free amino acids, which can provide organic nitrogen and sulfur elements, naturally repel insects, and also enhance plant stress resistance.

[0029] Pine needle powder refers to the young branches and needles pruned from pine trees, which are dried and crushed. Pine needle powder contains flavonoids, which can promote root development and enhance plant immunity.

[0030] Sugarcane residues are the remaining materials after sugarcane processing. Sugarcane residues are rich in organic matter and nutrients, which can be used as carbon source to promote plant growth, and also can adsorb heavy metals and enhance nutrient release.

[0031] Further, the crushing in step A1 is crushing to a particle size of ≤1 cm.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the inoculation amount of Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cepacia in step A2 is 1-3% of the mass of the crushed materials.

[0033] Further, the Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cenocepacia have been activated, and the effective viable cell number of each is (2-4) x 10 8 CFU / g; there is no special requirement for the activation method of the Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cenocepacia other than the known in the art, the key is to ensure that the effective viable cell number of the two strains after activation reaches the aforementioned requirement.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the temperature of the stacking fermentation in step A2 is 60-70 DEG C, and the time is 18-20 days; the temperature of the temperature-controlled fermentation is 25-30 DEG C, and the time is 28-30 days.

[0035] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the temperature-controlled drying in step A3 is temperature-controlled drying at 35-40 DEG C until the moisture content is 25-35%.

[0036] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the addition amount of the compound fertilizer in step S2 is 0.2-0.5% of the total mass of the base substrate in step S1.

[0037] Further, the compound fertilizer comprises 15-15-15 NPK compound fertilizer (i.e. the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15).

[0038] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] (1) The present application selects three different structural systems of coconut shell materials and peat soils with different particles and pH values, which can adapt to the needs of various potted plants and meet the root growth needs of different plants, and has a positive effect on improving the survival rate of potted plants and promoting plant growth.

[0040] (2) The present application combines coffee husks, moringa leaves, pine needle powder and sugarcane residues, realizes the functions of disease prevention and growth promotion, and uses Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cenocepacia for compound fermentation, which can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the system and strengthen the effect of each fermentation raw material, so that the plant source biological organic fertilizer prepared thereby can effectively make the potted plant substrate product have excellent growth promotion and high survival characteristics. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] A potting plant substrate and nutrient preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1, the coconut shell material, peat soil, perlite with a particle size of 4 mm, carbonized rice husk with a particle size of 2 mm and wood ash are uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 25:17.5:10:25:5 to obtain a basic substrate;

[0045] The coconut shell material is composed of coconut shell particles with a particle size of 5 mm, coconut shell fibers with a length of 2 cm, and coconut shell powder with a particle size of 0.6 mm according to a mass ratio of 2:1.2:1.3;

[0046] The peat soil is composed of coarse-grained peat soil with a particle size of 4 mm, a pH value of 5.7 and an organic matter content of 60%, and fine-grained peat soil with a particle size of 1 mm, a pH value of 7.0 and an organic matter content of 40% according to an equal mass ratio;

[0047] S2, the plant source biological organic fertilizer and 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are uniformly mixed to obtain a nutrient agent;

[0048] The addition amount of the plant source biological organic fertilizer is 5% of the total mass of the basic substrate in step S1; the addition amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.2% of the total mass of the basic substrate in step S1;

[0049] The preparation method of the plant source biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0050] A1, coffee husks, moringa leaves, pine needle powder and sugarcane residues are respectively dried and then uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 35:15:15:20, and are crushed to a particle size of ≤1 cm to obtain crushed material;

[0051] A2, the crushed material is stacked and fermented at 60°C for 19 days, and turning is performed during the fermentation to obtain primary fermentation material, and the primary fermentation material is added with 1% of the mass of the crushed material of Trichoderma harzianum and 3% of the mass of the crushed material of Burkholderia glumae, and is fermented at a temperature of 27.5°C for 280 days to obtain secondary fermentation material;

[0052] The Trichoderma harzianum and the Burkholderia glumae have been activated, and the effective viable bacterial number of the Trichoderma harzianum is 2×10 8 CFU / g, and the effective viable bacterial number of the Burkholderia glumae is 4×10 8 CFU / g; there is no special requirement for the activation method of the Trichoderma harzianum and the Burkholderia glumae other than the known in the art, and the key is to ensure that the effective viable bacterial number of the two strains after activation reaches the aforementioned requirement;

[0053] A3, the secondary fermentation material is dried at a temperature of 35°C until the water content is 30% to obtain the plant source biological organic fertilizer.

[0054] S3, mixing and stirring the base substrate and the nutrient agent to obtain a finished product of the substrate for potted plants.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] A method for preparing a substrate and nutrient agent for potted plants, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1, mixing and stirring coconut shell material, peat soil, perlite with a particle size of 3 mm, carbonized rice husk with a particle size of 4 mm, and wood ash in a mass ratio of 30:15:7.5:30:10 to obtain a base substrate;

[0058] The coconut shell material is composed of coconut shell particles with a particle size of 3 mm, coconut shell fibers with a length of 4 cm, and coconut shell powder with a particle size of 0.3 mm in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:1;

[0059] The peat soil is composed of coarse-grained peat soil with a particle size of 5 mm, a pH value of 5.5, and an organic matter content of 45%, and fine-grained peat soil with a particle size of 2 mm, a pH value of 6.5, and an organic matter content of 45% in an equal mass ratio;

[0060] S2, mixing and stirring plant-derived biological organic fertilizer and 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain a nutrient agent;

[0061] The addition amount of the plant-derived biological organic fertilizer is 2% of the total mass of the base substrate in step S1; and the addition amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.35% of the total mass of the base substrate in step S1;

[0062] The preparation method of the plant-derived biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0063] A1, drying coffee husks, jatropha leaves, pine needle powder, and sugarcane residues respectively, then mixing and stirring them uniformly in a mass ratio of 30:22:12:10, and crushing them to a particle size of ≤1 cm to obtain crushed material;

[0064] A2, stacking and fermenting the crushed material at 65℃ for 18 days, turning the material during the fermentation, to obtain primary fermentation material, adding 2% of the mass of the crushed material of Trichoderma harzianum and 1% of the mass of the crushed material of Burkholderia glumae, and fermenting at a temperature of 30℃ for 29 days to obtain secondary fermentation material;

[0065] The Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia glumae have been activated, and the effective viable cell count of the Trichoderma harzianum is 4×10 8 CFU / g, and the effective viable cell count of the Burkholderia glumae is 3×10 8 CFU / g; there is no special requirement for the activation method of the Trichoderma harzianum and the Burkholderia glumae other than the known in the art, and the key is to ensure that the effective viable cell count of the two strains after activation reaches the aforementioned requirements;

[0066] A3, dry the secondary fermentation material to 37.5℃ to obtain a plant source bio-organic fertilizer with a water content of 25%.

[0067] S3, mix and stir the base substrate and the nutrient agent uniformly to obtain a finished product of the substrate for potted plants.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] A method for preparing a substrate and nutrient agent for potted plants, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1, mix and uniformly mix coconut shell material, peat soil, perlite with a particle size of 5mm, carbonized rice husk with a particle size of 3mm, and wood ash in a mass ratio of 35:20:5:20:7.5 to obtain a base substrate;

[0071] The coconut shell material is composed of coconut shell particles with a particle size of 4mm, coconut shell fibers with a length of 6cm, and coconut shell powder with a particle size of 1mm in a mass ratio of 1.8:1:1.5;

[0072] The peat soil is composed of coarse-grained peat soil with a particle size of 6mm, a pH value of 6.0, and an organic matter content of 52%, and fine-grained peat soil with a particle size of 3mm, a pH value of 6.0, and an organic matter content of 50% in an equal mass ratio;

[0073] S2, mix and uniformly mix the plant source bio-organic fertilizer and the 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain a nutrient agent;

[0074] The addition amount of the plant source bio-organic fertilizer is 3.5% of the total mass of the base substrate in step S1; and the addition amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.5% of the total mass of the base substrate in step S1;

[0075] The preparation method of the plant source bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0076] A1, mix and uniformly mix coffee husks, moringa leaves, pine needle powder, and sugarcane residues after drying respectively in a mass ratio of 26:18:18:15, crush to a particle size of ≤1cm to obtain crushed material;

[0077] A2, stack and ferment the crushed material at 70℃ for 20 days, turn the soil during the fermentation to obtain primary fermentation material, add 3% of the mass of the crushed material of Trichoderma harzianum and 2% of the mass of the crushed material of Burkholderia cepacia, control the temperature to 25℃ for fermentation for 30 days to obtain secondary fermentation material;

[0078] The Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cepacia have been activated, and the effective viable count of the Trichoderma harzianum is 3×10 8 CFU / g, and the effective viable count of the Burkholderia cepacia is 2×10 8CFU / g; no particular requirements were made for the activation method of Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cepacia, the key being to ensure that the number of viable bacteria after activation of both species reached the aforementioned requirements;

[0079] A3, drying the secondary fermentation material to a temperature of 40°C until the moisture content is 35%, to obtain the plant source bio-organic fertilizer.

[0080] S3, mixing and stirring the base substrate and nutrient agent to obtain the finished product of the substrate for potted plants.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] In Comparative Example 1, the coconut shell material is coconut shell particles with a particle size of 3 mm, and the other operation steps and parameters remain unchanged.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] In Comparative Example 2, the coconut shell material is coconut shell fibers with a length of 4 cm, and the other operation steps and parameters remain unchanged.

[0085] Comparative Example 3

[0086] In Comparative Example 3, the coconut shell material is coconut shell powder with a particle size of 0.3 mm, and the other operation steps and parameters remain unchanged.

[0087] Comparative Example 4

[0088] In Comparative Example 4, the peat soil is coarse-grained peat soil with a particle size of 5 mm, a pH value of 5.5, and an organic matter content of 45%, and the other operation steps and parameters remain unchanged.

[0089] Comparative Example 5

[0090] In Comparative Example 5, the peat soil is fine-grained peat soil with a particle size of 2 mm, a pH value of 6.5, and an organic matter content of 45%, and the other operation steps and parameters remain unchanged.

[0091] Comparative Example 6

[0092] In Comparative Example 6, the preparation method of the plant source bio-organic fertilizer does not add coffee husks, and the missing weight is supplemented with 11:6:5 by mass ratio of moringa leaves, pine needle powder, and sugar cane residue, and the other operation steps and parameters remain unchanged.

[0093] Comparative Example 7

[0094] Compared with Example 2, the preparation method of the plant source bio-organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 7 does not add the leaves of moringa oleifera, and the missing weight is supplemented with coffee husks, pine needle powder and sugar cane residue at a mass ratio of 15:6:5, and the remaining operation steps and parameters are unchanged.

[0095] Comparative Example 8

[0096] Compared with Example 2, the preparation method of the plant source bio-organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 8 does not add pine needle powder, and the missing weight is supplemented with coffee husks, leaves of moringa oleifera and sugar cane residue at a mass ratio of 15:11:5, and the remaining operation steps and parameters are unchanged.

[0097] Comparative Example 9

[0098] Compared with Example 2, the preparation method of the plant source bio-organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 9 does not add sugar cane residue, and the missing weight is supplemented with coffee husks, leaves of moringa oleifera and pine needle powder at a mass ratio of 15:11:6, and the remaining operation steps and parameters are unchanged.

[0099] Test Example

[0100] The same batch of Alice gerbera seedlings (10 cm in height, 4 leaves and 5 main roots) without pests and diseases were purchased back and divided into 12 groups, 12 pots in each group, and were planted in flowerpots (the inner diameter and height of the flowerpots were both 25 cm). The substrate for cultivating the gerbera seedlings in each group of flowerpots was the finished product of the potted plant substrate prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-9 (the thickness of the seedling cultivation substrate in the flowerpots was 20 cm), and the cultivation process only applied appropriate amount of water, without adding any other fertilizer or nutrient solution, and was placed in a room at a temperature of 20℃ for cultivation. After 1.5 months, whether there were seedlings with apoptosis was observed and recorded, and the length of the growth of the seedlings in each group was recorded (the results were averaged), and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0101] Table 1

[0102] Apoptotic seedlings Length of shoot height growth (cm) Example 1 No 29.0 Example 2 No 29.6 Example 3 No 28.8 Comparative Example 1 No 23.6 Comparative Example 2 No 24.2 Comparative Example 3 No 24.9 Comparative Example 4 No 23.5 Comparative Example 5 No 23.1 Comparative Example 6 No 20.3 Comparative Example 7 No 19.4 Comparative Example 8 No 18.7 Comparative Example 9 No 20.5

[0103] As can be seen from Table 1, the finished product of the potted plant substrate prepared in the present application has a positive effect on the growth of potted plants.

[0104] In the description in the specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "an example", "a specific example" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0105] The above merely illustrates and describes the concept of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar ways to replace, as long as the modifications or supplements do not deviate from the concept of the present application or exceed the scope defined by the present claims, and the modifications or supplements shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of potting plant substrate and nutrient formulation, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: S1, the coconut shell material, peat, perlite, carbonized rice husk and wood ash are mixed uniformly to obtain a basic substrate; S2, the plant source biological organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are mixed uniformly to obtain a nutrient agent; S3, the basic substrate and the nutrient agent are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a finished product of the substrate for potted plants.

2. The method for preparing potted plant substrate and nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the coconut shell material, peat, perlite, carbonized rice husk and wood ash in step S1 is 25-35:15-20:5-10:20-30:5-10.

3. The method for preparing potted plant substrate and nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coconut shell material in step S1 comprises coconut shell particles, coconut shell silk and coconut shell powder in a mass ratio of 1.5-2:1-1.5:1-1.

5.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plant substrate is a potting mix.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the plant substrate is a soilless medium. The particle size of the coconut shell particles is 3-5 mm, the length of the coconut shell silk is 2-6 cm, and the particle size of the coconut shell powder is 0.3-1 mm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant substrate and nutrient formulation is a potting mix. The peat in step S1 comprises coarse particle size peat and fine particle size peat in an equal mass ratio; the coarse particle size peat has a particle size of 4-6 mm, a pH value of 5.5-6.0, and an organic matter content of 45-60%; the fine particle size peat has a particle size of 1-3 mm, a pH value of 6.0-7.0, and an organic matter content of 40-50%.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant substrate and nutrient formulation is a potting mix. The addition amount of the plant source biological organic fertilizer in step S2 is 2-5% of the total mass of the basic substrate in step S1.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant substrate and nutrient formulation is a potting mix. The preparation method of the plant source biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: A1, the coffee husks, jatropha leaves, pine needle powder and sugarcane residues are dried separately, then mixed uniformly, and crushed to obtain crushed material; A2, the crushed material is stacked and fermented, and turning is performed during the fermentation to obtain primary fermentation material, and then Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cepacia are added for temperature-controlled fermentation to obtain secondary fermentation material; A3, the secondary fermentation material is dried at a controlled temperature to obtain the plant source biological organic fertilizer.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plant substrate is a potting mix. 5 The mass ratio of the coffee husks, jatropha leaves, pine needle powder and sugarcane residues in step A1 is 26-35:15-22:12-18:10-20; and the inoculation amount of the Trichoderma harzianum and Burkholderia cepacia in step A2 is 1-3% of the mass of the crushed material.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the plant substrate and nutrient formulation is a potting mix. The temperature for stacking and fermentation in step A2 is 60-70℃, and the time is 18-20 days; the temperature for temperature-controlled fermentation is 25-30℃, and the time is 28-30 days; and the temperature-controlled drying in step A3 is drying at a controlled temperature of 35-40℃ until the water content is 25-35%.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant substrate and nutrient formulation is a potting mix. The addition amount of the compound fertilizer in step S2 is 0.2-0.5% of the total mass of the basic substrate in step S1; and the compound fertilizer comprises 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.