A vacuum chamber internal break accident safety experiment device

Abstract

The application discloses a vacuum chamber break accident safety experiment device, which comprises a water supplement system, an incident water system, an incident gas system, an annular vacuum chamber system, a dust tray, a pressure relief system, a visual measurement and collection system; the incident water system comprises pressurized nitrogen, a pressure stabilizer, a water incident pipeline, a water flow meter, an adjusting valve, three spray branches and a nozzle; the incident gas system comprises a gas cylinder, a gas flow meter, an adjusting valve and a gas incident pipeline; the annular vacuum chamber system comprises an annular vacuum chamber, a light source, a viewing window, a heating system and a vacuum pumping system; and the pressure relief system comprises a pressure relief tank, a pressure relief valve, a drain valve and a pressure relief pipeline. The application is suitable for vacuum chamber break accident safety research, can simulate the operation conditions of a fusion device, can observe the key safety phenomena of water or gas spray under high vacuum conditions, can study the flow and heat transfer characteristics, and can visually study the dust migration characteristics in the vacuum chamber after a break accident and evaluate the accident safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fusion device technology and relates to a safety experimental device for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber. It is suitable for studying the ejection behavior of water or gas under vacuum conditions, and also for studying the dust migration characteristics after water or gas is ejected. Background Technology

[0002] The vacuum chamber of a fusion device has a ring-shaped structure, which provides a high-vacuum environment for fusion plasma. When an internal component of the fusion device breaks or a vacuum loss occurs, water or gaseous working fluid with a certain temperature and pressure is ejected into the high-vacuum environment, causing the pressure inside the vacuum chamber to rise sharply and threatening the structural integrity of the vacuum chamber.

[0003] In the event of a breach accident where water is ejected into the vacuum chamber, the water pressure is higher than the ambient pressure and the water temperature is higher than the saturation temperature at the current pressure, which will cause complex flow and phase change phenomena such as jetting and flashing. The annular structure of the vacuum chamber will affect the flow characteristics and pressure propagation characteristics of the fluid. At the same time, under different operating conditions, the temperature difference of the vacuum chamber wall is large, and the flashed water will undergo heat and mass transfer phenomena such as condensation or secondary evaporation, which will affect the pressure inside the vacuum chamber.

[0004] When a gaseous working medium is ejected into a vacuum chamber, a jet phenomenon will occur. When high-pressure gas is ejected, Mach rings will be generated. At the same time, the annular structure of the vacuum chamber will affect the flow and pressure propagation of the gaseous working medium.

[0005] In addition, dust will be generated from plasma-facing components during the operation of the fusion device, and the release of water or gaseous working fluid will cause the dust to migrate in the annular vacuum chamber. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safety experimental device for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber. This device simulates the operating conditions of a fusion device, observes key safety phenomena related to the release of high-temperature, high-pressure water or gas under high vacuum conditions, studies flow and heat transfer characteristics, and also provides a visual study of dust migration characteristics within the vacuum chamber after a breach accident, thus evaluating the safety of the accident. This invention provides a visual experimental system for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber, enabling the observation of key phenomena related to the release of water or gaseous working fluids under vacuum conditions, measurement of fluid characteristic parameters during release, study of flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer characteristics, observation of dust migration during release, and evaluation of breach accident safety.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a safety experimental device for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber, comprising a water replenishment system, an incident water system, an incident gas system, an annular vacuum chamber system, a dust tray, a pressure relief system, and a visualization measurement and acquisition system;

[0008] The water replenishment system is used to replenish water to the incident water system;

[0009] The incident water system is used to simulate breaches at different locations and sizes, providing the required temperature and pressure conditions for the incident water in the experiment;

[0010] The incident gas system is used to provide different incident gas working conditions at the pressure required for the experiment;

[0011] Dust trays are used to hold dust of different materials and particle sizes;

[0012] The annular vacuum chamber system is used to simulate the high-vacuum operating conditions of fusion reactors;

[0013] The pressure relief system is used to release pressure when the pressure in the annular vacuum chamber system reaches a certain threshold.

[0014] Visual measurement and acquisition systems are used for visual measurement, signal acquisition, storage, processing, and analysis.

[0015] The water replenishment system consists of a water replenishment tank, a water replenishment pump, a water replenishment valve, and a water replenishment pipeline; the water replenishment system is connected to the voltage stabilizer through the water replenishment pipeline.

[0016] The incident water system consists of pressurized nitrogen, a pressure regulator, a pressure regulator safety valve, a pressure regulator level gauge, a pressure regulator pressure gauge, a pressure regulator thermocouple, an electric heater, a water injection pipe, a water flow meter, a water regulating valve, a top discharge branch, a middle plane discharge branch, a bottom discharge branch, a top nozzle, a middle plane nozzle, and a bottom nozzle. The pressure regulator uses an electric heater to raise the temperature and pressure, pressurized nitrogen to regulate the pressure, a pressure regulator safety valve to prevent overpressure, and a pressure regulator level gauge, pressure gauge, and pressure regulator thermocouple to monitor the level, pressure, and temperature. The water flow meter and water regulating valve are arranged on the water injection pipe. The pressure regulator is connected to the top discharge branch, the middle plane discharge branch, and the bottom discharge branch through the water injection pipe. The three branches are respectively connected to the top nozzle, the middle plane nozzle, and the bottom nozzle located at the top, middle, and bottom of the annular vacuum chamber, simulating different locations and sizes of breaches to provide the required temperature and pressure conditions for the incident water in the experiment.

[0017] The incident gas system includes a gas cylinder, a gas flow meter, a gas regulating valve, and a gas injection pipe. The gas flow meter and the gas regulating valve are arranged on the gas injection pipe. The incident gas system and the incident water system share three discharge branches and nozzles, and are connected to the three discharge branches through the gas injection pipe to provide different incident gas working conditions at the required pressure for the experiment.

[0018] The annular vacuum chamber system consists of an annular vacuum chamber, a heating system, a shut-off valve, a vacuum pump, a vacuum chamber safety valve, a light source, a vacuum chamber pressure gauge, a vacuum chamber thermocouple, and a viewing window. The annular vacuum chamber is used to simulate the high vacuum operating conditions of a fusion reactor. The heating system is wound around the surface of the annular vacuum chamber to heat the chamber walls to the required experimental temperature. The vacuum pump is used to initially evacuate the annular vacuum chamber. The shut-off valve is used to isolate the vacuum pump. The vacuum chamber safety valve prevents overpressure in the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber pressure gauge and vacuum chamber thermocouple are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the annular vacuum chamber. The light source and viewing window are used to cooperate with the visualization measurement and acquisition system for visualization measurement.

[0019] The dust tray contains dust of different materials and particle sizes, and is placed at the bottom of the annular vacuum chamber.

[0020] The pressure relief system consists of a pressure relief pipe, a pressure relief valve, a pressure relief tank, a pressure relief tank level gauge, a pressure relief tank pressure gauge, a pressure relief tank thermocouple, a pressure relief tank safety valve, and a drain valve. The pressure relief tank is connected to the annular vacuum chamber through the pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief valve is opened when the pressure in the annular vacuum chamber reaches a certain threshold.

[0021] The visualization measurement and acquisition system consists of a high-speed camera, a data connection cable, a flow field measurement system, and a data acquisition module.

[0022] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0023] 1. This invention features an annular vacuum chamber, which is somewhat similar to a fusion device, and can more realistically reflect the influence of the annular structure on processes and phenomena such as flow, heat transfer, pressure propagation, and dust migration.

[0024] 2. This invention can provide water discharge conditions from normal temperature and pressure to high temperature and high pressure through a voltage regulator, and provide different working gas conditions from normal pressure to high pressure through a gas cylinder, and study the burst accident phenomenon under high vacuum, high superheat and high injection pressure ratio conditions.

[0025] 3. This invention has a visual measurement and data acquisition system, which can observe key safety phenomena such as jetting, flashing, and dust migration in vacuum chamber breakage accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0027] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0028] 1. Water supply tank; 2. Water supply pump; 3. Water supply valve; 4. Water supply pipeline; 5. Pressurized nitrogen; 6. Pressure regulator; 7. Pressure regulator safety valve; 8. Pressure regulator level gauge; 9. Pressure regulator pressure gauge; 10. Pressure regulator thermocouple; 11. Electric heater; 12. Water injection pipeline; 13. Water flow meter; 14. Water regulating valve; 15. Top spray branch; 16. Middle plane spray branch; 17. Bottom spray branch; 18. Top nozzle; 19. Middle plane nozzle; 20. Bottom nozzle; 21. Gas cylinder; 22. Gas flow meter; 23. Gas regulating valve; 24. Gas injection. 24. Pipeline; 25. Annular vacuum chamber; 26. Heating system; 27. Shut-off valve; 28. Vacuum pump; 29. ​​Vacuum chamber safety valve; 30. Light source; 31. Vacuum chamber pressure gauge; 32. Vacuum chamber thermocouple; 33. Viewing window; 34. Dust tray; 35. Pressure relief pipeline; 36. Pressure relief valve; 37. Pressure relief box; 38. Pressure relief box level gauge; 39. Pressure relief box pressure gauge; 40. Pressure relief box thermocouple; 41. Pressure relief box safety valve; 42. Drain valve; 43. High-speed camera; 44. Data connection cable; 45. Flow field measurement system; 46. Data acquisition module. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] This invention relates to a safety experimental device for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber, providing a visual experimental system for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber. It can observe key phenomena of water or gaseous working fluid ejection under vacuum conditions, measure fluid characteristic parameters during ejection, study flow and heat transfer characteristics, observe dust migration during ejection, and evaluate accident safety.

[0031] To achieve the objective of this invention, the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a safety test device for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber, comprising a water replenishment system, an incident water system, an incident gas system, an annular vacuum chamber system, a dust tray, a pressure relief system, and a visualization measurement and acquisition system.

[0033] The water replenishment system consists of a water replenishment tank 1, a water replenishment pump 2, a water replenishment valve 3, and a water replenishment pipe 4. The water replenishment pump 2 draws water from the water replenishment tank 1 and replenishes water to the pressure regulator 6 through the water replenishment pipe 4. The water replenishment valve 3 is arranged on the water replenishment pipe 4, and the required water replenishment rate is achieved by adjusting the opening of the water replenishment valve 3.

[0034] The incident water system consists of pressurized nitrogen 5, a pressure regulator 6, a pressure regulator safety valve 7, a pressure regulator level gauge 8, a pressure regulator pressure gauge 9, a pressure regulator thermocouple 10, an electric heater 11, a water injection pipe 12, a water flow meter 13, a water regulating valve 14, a top spray branch 15, a middle plane spray branch 16, a bottom spray branch 17, a top nozzle 18, a middle plane nozzle 19, and a bottom nozzle 20. The pressure regulator 6 is heated and pressurized by the electric heater 11, and the pressure is regulated by the pressurized nitrogen 5. The pressure regulator safety valve 7 prevents overpressure. The pressure regulator level gauge 8, pressure gauge 9, and pressure regulator thermocouple 10 are used to monitor the liquid level, pressure, and temperature. The water flow meter 13 and water regulating valve 14 are arranged on the water injection pipe 12. The pressure regulator 6 is connected to the top spray branch 15, the middle plane spray branch 16, and the bottom spray branch 17 through the water injection pipe 12. The three branches are respectively connected to the top nozzle 18, the middle plane nozzle 19, and the bottom nozzle 20 located on the upper, middle, and lower parts of the annular vacuum chamber 25 to simulate different locations and sizes of ruptures and provide the injection water conditions with the required temperature and pressure for the experiment.

[0035] The incident gas system consists of a gas cylinder 21, a gas flow meter 22, a gas regulating valve 23, and a gas injection pipe 24. The gas flow meter 22 and the gas regulating valve 23 are arranged on the gas injection pipe 24. The incident gas system and the incident water system share three spray branches and nozzles. The gas cylinder is connected to the top spray branch 15, the middle plane spray branch 16, the bottom spray branch 17, and the corresponding top nozzle 18, middle plane nozzle 19, and bottom nozzle 20 through the gas injection pipe 24, providing different incident gas working conditions with different pressures required for the experiment.

[0036] The annular vacuum chamber system consists of an annular vacuum chamber 25, a heating system 26, a shut-off valve 27, a vacuum pump 28, a vacuum chamber safety valve 29, a light source 30, a vacuum chamber pressure gauge 31, a vacuum chamber thermocouple 32, and a viewing window 33. The annular vacuum chamber 25 is used to simulate the high vacuum operating conditions of a fusion reactor. The heating system 26 is wound around the surface of the annular vacuum chamber 25 to heat the walls of the vacuum chamber to the temperature required for the experiment. The vacuum pump 28 initially evacuates the annular vacuum chamber 25. After the initial evacuation is completed, the shut-off valve 27 is used to isolate the vacuum pump 28. The vacuum chamber safety valve 29 prevents overpressure in the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber pressure gauge 31 and the vacuum chamber thermocouple 32 are located inside the annular vacuum chamber 25 to monitor the pressure and temperature of the annular vacuum chamber 25. The light source 30 and the viewing window 33 are located on the inner and outer walls of the annular vacuum chamber 25 to cooperate with the visualization measurement and acquisition system for visualization measurement.

[0037] The dust tray 34 holds dust of different materials and particle sizes, which is placed at the bottom of the annular vacuum chamber 25 for studying dust migration within the vacuum chamber during water or gas ejection.

[0038] The pressure relief system consists of a pressure relief pipe 35, a pressure relief valve 36, a pressure relief tank 37, a pressure relief tank level gauge 38, a pressure relief tank pressure gauge 39, a pressure relief tank thermocouple 40, a pressure relief tank safety valve 41, and a drain valve 42. The pressure relief tank 37 is connected to the annular vacuum chamber 25 via the pressure relief pipe 35. When the pressure in the annular vacuum chamber 25 reaches a certain threshold, the pressure relief valve 36 is opened, and pressure is released to the pressure relief tank 37 through the pressure relief pipe 35. The pressure relief tank level gauge 38, the pressure relief tank pressure gauge 39, and the pressure relief tank thermocouple 40 are used to monitor the liquid level, pressure, and temperature of the pressure relief tank 37. When the liquid level in the pressure relief tank 37 is too high, water is drained through the drain valve 42. When the pressure in the pressure relief tank 37 is too high, pressure is released through the pressure relief tank safety valve 41.

[0039] The visualization measurement and acquisition system consists of a high-speed camera 43, a data connection line 44, a flow field measurement system 45, and a data acquisition module 46. The high-speed camera 43 performs visualization measurement through the viewing window 33 on the annular vacuum chamber 25, and the data connection line 44 sends the signals acquired by the high-speed camera 43 and the flow field measurement system 45 to the data acquisition module 46 for storage, processing, and analysis.

[0040] This invention features a toroidal vacuum chamber, similar to a fusion device, allowing for a more realistic reflection of the influence of the toroidal structure on processes and phenomena such as flow, heat transfer, pressure propagation, and dust migration. This invention can provide water discharge conditions ranging from ambient temperature and pressure to high temperature and high pressure via a voltage regulator, and provide different gaseous working fluids from ambient pressure to high pressure via gas cylinders, enabling the study of breach accident phenomena under high vacuum, high superheat, and high injection pressure ratio conditions. This invention also features a visualization measurement and data acquisition system, enabling the observation of key safety phenomena such as jet flow, flash evaporation, and dust migration during breach accidents within the vacuum chamber.

[0041] In this invention, the study of water jetting within a toroidal vacuum chamber involves several steps. First, a water supply system is used to replenish water to the pressure regulator. Once a certain water level is reached, the system is shut off. Then, the pressure regulator's electric heater is activated to begin heating and pressurizing. When the temperature and pressure within the pressure regulator reach the conditions required for the experiment, the electric heater is turned off. Simultaneously, the vacuum system is activated, and the toroidal vacuum chamber is evacuated. When the vacuum level reaches the required experimental conditions, the vacuum pump and shut-off valve are shut off. After checking the device status and confirming the experimental conditions, the water regulating valve and the shut-off valve of the jetting branch for the current experiment are opened sequentially to begin jetting. During jetting, a visual measurement and data acquisition system is used to observe and collect data on key phenomena such as the jet and flash evaporation. The pressure regulator's temperature, pressure, and liquid level are monitored, and the nitrogen cylinder or electric heater is automatically activated to maintain constant water conditions during jetting. The temperature and pressure within the vacuum chamber are monitored, and when a certain threshold is reached, the pressure relief system is activated to prevent overpressure in the vacuum chamber. After the experiment, the pressure regulator's electric heater is turned off, and the water regulating valve and the shut-off valve before the nozzle are closed. The pressure regulator then cools and depressurizes, completing the experiment.

[0042] In this invention, the study of gas ejection within a toroidal vacuum chamber begins by supplying the required gaseous working fluid at the experimental pressure via a gas cylinder. Simultaneously, the vacuum system is activated, and the toroidal vacuum chamber is evacuated. Once the vacuum level meets the experimental requirements, the vacuum pump and shut-off valve are shut off. After checking the apparatus status and confirming the experimental conditions, the gas regulating valve and the shut-off valve of the ejection branch for that experiment are opened sequentially to begin ejection. During ejection, a visual measurement and data acquisition system is used to observe and collect data on key phenomena such as the jet flow during ejection; the temperature and pressure within the vacuum chamber are monitored, and the pressure relief system is activated when a certain threshold is reached to prevent overpressure in the vacuum chamber. After the experiment, the gas regulating valve and the shut-off valve before the nozzle are closed, completing the experiment.

[0043] In this invention, the dust required for the experiment is first placed in a tray during a study of dust migration within a toroidal vacuum chamber. Then, following the previously described procedure, water or gas required for the experiment is injected into the toroidal vacuum chamber. During the injection process, a visualization measurement and data acquisition system is used to observe and collect data on key phenomena such as dust migration.

Claims

1. A safety test apparatus for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber, characterized in that: The device includes a water supply system, an incident water system, an incident gas system, an annular vacuum chamber system, a dust tray, a pressure relief system, and a visual measurement and acquisition system; wherein, The water replenishment system is used to replenish water to the incident water system; The incident water system is used to simulate breaches at different locations and sizes, providing the required temperature and pressure conditions for the incident water in the experiment; The incident gas system is used to provide different incident gas working conditions at the pressure required for the experiment; Dust trays are used to hold dust of different materials and particle sizes; The annular vacuum chamber system includes an annular vacuum chamber (25), which is used to simulate the high vacuum operating conditions of a fusion reactor; The pressure relief system is used to release pressure when the pressure in the annular vacuum chamber system reaches a certain threshold. Visual measurement and acquisition systems are used for visual measurement, signal acquisition, storage, processing, and analysis. The water replenishment system consists of a water replenishment tank (1), a water replenishment pump (2), a water replenishment valve (3), and a water replenishment pipe (4); the water replenishment system is connected to the voltage regulator (6) through the water replenishment pipe (4); The water injection system consists of pressurized nitrogen (5), a pressure regulator (6), a pressure regulator safety valve (7), a pressure regulator level gauge (8), a pressure regulator pressure gauge (9), a pressure regulator thermocouple (10), an electric heater (11), a water injection pipe (12), a water flow meter (13), a water regulating valve (14), a top spray branch (15), a middle plane spray branch (16), a bottom spray branch (17), a top nozzle (18), a middle plane nozzle (19), and a bottom nozzle (20). The pressure regulator (6) is heated and pressurized by the electric heater (11), and the pressure is regulated by pressurized nitrogen (5). Overpressure is prevented by the pressure regulator safety valve (7), and the level, pressure and temperature are monitored by the pressure regulator level gauge (8), pressure gauge (9) and pressure regulator thermocouple (10). The water flow meter (13) and water regulating valve (14) are arranged on the water injection pipe (12). The pressure regulator (6) is connected to the top spray branch (15), the middle plane spray branch (16) and the bottom spray branch (17) through the water injection pipe (12). The three branches are respectively connected to the top nozzle (18), the middle plane nozzle (19) and the bottom nozzle (20) located on the top, middle and bottom of the annular vacuum chamber (25).

2. The vacuum chamber rupture accident safety test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The incident gas system includes a gas cylinder (21), a gas flow meter (22), a gas regulating valve (23), and a gas injection pipe (24); the gas flow meter (22) and the gas regulating valve (23) are arranged on the gas injection pipe (24). The incident gas system and the incident water system share three spray branches and nozzles. The gas cylinder (21) is connected to the three spray branches through the gas injection pipe (24).

3. The safety experimental device for a breach accident in a vacuum chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular vacuum chamber system consists of an annular vacuum chamber (25), a heating system (26), a shut-off valve (27), a vacuum pump (28), a vacuum chamber safety valve (29), a light source (30), a vacuum chamber pressure gauge (31), a vacuum chamber thermocouple (32), and a viewing window (33). The heating system (26) is wound around the surface of the annular vacuum chamber (25) to heat the walls of the vacuum chamber to the temperature required for the experiment. The vacuum pump (28) is used to initially evacuate the annular vacuum chamber (25). The shut-off valve (27) is used to isolate the vacuum pump (28). The vacuum chamber safety valve (29) prevents the vacuum chamber from overpressure. The vacuum chamber pressure gauge (31) and the vacuum chamber thermocouple (32) are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the annular vacuum chamber (25). The light source (30) and the viewing window (33) are used to cooperate with the visualization measurement and acquisition system for visualization measurement.

4. The safety experimental device for breach accidents in a vacuum chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust tray (34) contains dust of different materials and particle sizes, which is placed at the bottom of the annular vacuum chamber (25).

5. The safety experimental device for a breach accident in a vacuum chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief system consists of a pressure relief pipe (35), a pressure relief valve (36), a pressure relief box (37), a pressure relief box level gauge (38), a pressure relief box pressure gauge (39), a pressure relief box thermocouple (40), a pressure relief box safety valve (41), and a drain valve (42). The pressure relief box (37) is connected to the annular vacuum chamber (25) through the pressure relief pipe (35), and the pressure relief valve (36) is opened when the pressure in the annular vacuum chamber (25) reaches a certain threshold.

6. The vacuum chamber rupture accident safety test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visualization measurement and acquisition system consists of a high-speed camera (43), a data connection cable (44), a flow field measurement system (45), and a data acquisition module (46).

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