A functional livestock grazing regulation method to promote high-quality grassland development

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the grazing of functional livestock species that promotes high-quality development of grasslands, and belongs to the technical field of grassland grazing management. The method of the present invention is based on the spatiotemporal niche differentiation characteristics of different types of livestock for feeding, and regulates grassland functions by timely introducing livestock with low feeding selectivity on the basis of grazing basic livestock species on grasslands. Specifically: first determine the basic livestock species and the functional livestock species introduced, and then start grazing functional livestock species when the basic livestock species' selectivity for dominant plant species on grasslands decreases significantly. The duration of joint grazing is optimally 30 days. At the same time, the grazing intensity of functional livestock species is determined, and finally a joint breeding model of 10 basic livestock breeders and 1 functional livestock breeder is established. This method can improve the function and production efficiency of grassland ecosystems, promote high-quality and sustainable development of grasslands, and is of great significance in the field of grassland grazing management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grassland grazing management, and in particular relates to a functional livestock grazing regulation method that promotes high-quality grassland development. Background Art

[0002] Grasslands are important ecological barriers and livestock production bases, and are a key battlefield for promoting ecological civilization. Optimizing grassland livestock grazing production methods through scientific and technological innovation, innovating grassland grazing management techniques, and enhancing grassland ecosystem services, thereby increasing grassland livestock productivity and promoting the sustainable, efficient, and green development of grassland animal husbandry, are currently crucial tasks in promoting high-quality grassland development.

[0003] With the development of intensive agriculture (animal husbandry), the production factors of modern grassland animal husbandry have undergone tremendous changes. Limited by actual breeding methods and production efficiency, the sheep industry has become the main industry in grassland animal husbandry. The key to high-quality development of grassland productivity is the efficient and sustainable use of grassland resources. Livestock grazing is the main way to use natural grasslands and the most important feasible means for humans to regulate grasslands. However, because sheep are the main grazing livestock in most grassland pastoral areas, the structure of grassland grazing livestock herds has become increasingly monotonous, and grassland productivity cannot be developed in a high-quality and sustainable manner. Specifically, (1) the single species of grazing livestock leads to uneven utilization of grassland plant species, reduces the efficiency of forage resource utilization, and restricts the efficient development of grassland productivity; (2) the single species of grazing livestock leads to a gradual decrease in grassland plant diversity, which in turn leads to a decrease in grassland ecosystem function and ecosystem stability, affects the sustainable use of grassland, and restricts the sustainable development of grassland productivity; (3) the lack of large-sized and roughage-tolerant livestock species (such as cattle, horses, and camels) on grasslands leads to an excessive increase in the dominance of dominant plant species on grasslands, which in turn gradually increases the competitive exclusion effect on diversified high-quality forage that other small-sized livestock like to eat, and the high-quality forage on grasslands gradually decreases. The decline in grassland forage quality leads to a gradual decrease in livestock productivity and meat quality, which restricts the high-quality development of grassland productivity.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and utilize more functional livestock grazing regulation technologies in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems faced in the current grassland development process, such as low grassland utilization efficiency, low development quality, and unsustainable development caused by the single structure of grazing livestock herds, the present invention provides a functional livestock grazing regulation method to promote high-quality grassland development. This method is based on the spatiotemporal niche differentiation characteristics of different types of livestock, and regulates grassland function by timely introducing livestock with low feeding selectivity on the basis of grassland basic livestock grazing. This method can improve the function and production efficiency of grassland ecosystems, promote high-quality and sustainable development of grasslands, and is of great significance in the field of grassland grazing management.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a functional livestock breed regulation method for promoting high-quality grassland development, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, determine the types of functional livestock species to be introduced;

[0009] S2, determine the grazing regulation time of functional livestock species;

[0010] S3, determine the grazing intensity of functional livestock species;

[0011] S4. Establish a joint breeding model of basic livestock breeds and functional livestock breeds.

[0012] Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] S11, determine the basic livestock species for grassland grazing;

[0014] S12, determine the selective feeding of grassland basic livestock species on different grassland plant species;

[0015] S13. Select large-sized livestock that are common in the local area and have weak selective feeding and have a spatiotemporal niche differentiation from the feeding of basic livestock breeds as functional livestock breeds. Through grazing regulation of functional livestock breeds, plant utilization efficiency can be increased, forage quality can be improved, and it is more conducive to the maintenance of plant diversity.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S11, the basic livestock species for grassland grazing is determined to be sheep, which is the basic livestock species currently raised on most grasslands in my country.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S13, the type of functional livestock is determined to be any one or more of cattle, horses, and camels according to the current breeding status of the pastoral area.

[0018] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S21, determine the selective grazing intensity of grassland basic livestock species on dominant grassland plant species at different stages of the growing season;

[0020] S22, the period when the selective intensity of basic livestock breeds for dominant plant species in grasslands decreases significantly is the beginning of grazing by functional livestock breeds. At this time, functional livestock breeds are introduced to graze together with basic livestock breeds.

[0021] Furthermore, the starting period for grazing functional livestock species in step S22 is June to July each year when the nutritional content of dominant species decreases.

[0022] Furthermore, the grazing duration of the functional livestock species in step S22 is 30 days.

[0023] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S31, determine the biomass of dominant plant species in grasslands at the time when functional livestock species begin grazing (DB):

[0025] DB=ADB×GA

[0026] Among them, ADB represents the biomass of dominant plant species per unit area of ​​grassland at the time when functional livestock species began to graze, and GA represents the total grassland area per household;

[0027] S32, Calculate the functional feed intake (FGI):

[0028] FGI=DB×25%

[0029] S33, determine the number of functional livestock species for grazing per household (N):

[0030]

[0031] Among them, BM represents the average body weight of livestock, R represents the proportion of daily feed intake of livestock to their body weight, and 30 means that the number of grazing days is 30 days.

[0032] Furthermore, the basic livestock breed-functional livestock breed joint breeding model in step S4 is specifically a joint breeding model of 10 basic livestock breed farmers and 1 functional livestock breed farmer.

[0033] Furthermore, in the joint breeding model of the 10 basic livestock breeders and 1 functional livestock breeder: the total number of horses raised by the functional livestock breed-horse breeders is the total number of horses required for the functional livestock breed grazing regulation on the grasslands of the 10 sheep breeders; the specific joint breeding method is to allocate a corresponding number of horses to the basic livestock breed-sheep breeder's grassland for grazing during the functional livestock breed grazing regulation period of the basic livestock breeder's grassland determined each year, and concentrate them on the functional livestock breeder's grassland for unified breeding during the rest of the time.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention can increase the utilization rate of dominant plant species in grasslands, reduce the dominance of dominant species, provide ecological niches for non-dominant species, and help maintain plant diversity, thereby maintaining grassland ecosystem functions and promoting the sustainable development of grassland productivity and grassland animal husbandry through timely grazing control of functional livestock species.

[0036] 2. The present invention utilizes the low feed selectivity characteristics of functional livestock species such as cattle, horses, and camels to increase the proportion of high-quality forage resources in grasslands through grazing regulation, thereby improving grassland quality, thereby increasing livestock productivity and meat quality, and promoting the high-quality development of grassland productivity and grassland animal husbandry;

[0037] 3. The present invention establishes a joint breeding model of grassland basic livestock breeds and functional livestock breeds, and ensures that a variety of livestock on the grassland can utilize the grassland in a differentiated manner through cooperation among herders, which can make more efficient use of grassland resources; each herder is only responsible for raising one type of livestock and has a better understanding of the living habits of this type of livestock, which is conducive to the fine management of livestock, and is simple to operate and suitable for promotion and application.

[0038] 4. The functional livestock breeds such as grassland horses and camels used in this invention can not only promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the grassland basic livestock breed (sheep) industry, but also create grassland productivity by producing high-quality livestock products such as horse milk and camel milk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional livestock grazing control technology in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the combined breeding model of grassland basic livestock breeds and functional livestock breeds in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications or substitutions to the methods, steps, or conditions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. Products, equipment, and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified, and the methods used are consistent with conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This embodiment provides a combined breeding model of basic livestock breeds - sheep + functional livestock breeds - horses in desert steppes with Stipa breviflora as the dominant species, referring to Figure 1 , 2, including the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Determine the types of functional livestock to be introduced, specifically: first determine the types of basic livestock species in the grasslands of the region. The basic livestock species for grazing on the grasslands of the region is sheep; based on the observation that sheep have strong feeding selectivity, they prefer to eat miscellaneous grasses and non-dominant plant species such as legumes, and eat less of the local dominant plant species Stipa breviflora; at the same time, based on the observation of the selective feeding of other common local livestock, the local common livestock - horses have weak feeding selectivity, and eat more of the dominant species Stipa, and have a differentiated feeding ecological niche with sheep, and thus it is determined that the functional livestock species to be introduced in this area is the Mongolian horse.

[0046] Step 2: Determine the grazing regulation time of functional livestock breeds, specifically: first determine the selective feeding intensity of grassland basic livestock breeds on the dominant plant species in the grassland at different stages of the growing season. According to the observation that the basic livestock breeds in this area - sheep only feed on the dominant plant species - Stipa breviflora in the early stage of the growing season, the selective intensity of the dominant plant species - Stipa breviflora in the grassland decreased significantly from mid-June. That is, functional livestock breeds - horses were introduced during this period to graze together with the basic livestock breeds - sheep, and the duration was 30 days.

[0047] Step 3: Determine the grazing intensity of functional livestock species. Specifically, first determine the biomass (DB) of dominant plant species in the grassland at the beginning of grazing of functional livestock species according to the following formula:

[0048] DB=ADB×GA

[0049] Here, ADB represents the biomass of the dominant plant species per unit area of ​​grassland during the initial grazing period for functional livestock species, and GA represents the total grassland area per household. Specifically, in this example, the biomass of the dominant plant species per unit area of ​​grassland during the initial grazing period for functional livestock species in this region is 13 kg / mu, and the total grassland area per household is approximately 3,000 mu. Therefore, DB = ADB × GA = 13 × 3,000 = 39,000 kg.

[0050] The functional feed intake (FGI) was further calculated according to the following formula:

[0051] FGI=DB×25%

[0052] Wherein, DB is the biomass of the dominant plant species in the grassland when the functional livestock species begin to graze, which is calculated in the formula in the previous step. Specifically in this embodiment, its value is 39,000 kg. Then, FGI is calculated as follows: DB × 25% = 39,000 × 25% = 9,750 kg.

[0053] Finally, the number of functional livestock species per household (N) is determined according to the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, BM represents the average weight of horses, R represents the ratio of daily feed intake of livestock to their weight, and 30 refers to the optimal grazing days of 30 days. Specifically in this embodiment, the average weight of Mongolian horses in this area is about 350 kg, and the daily feed intake of horses is 2.5% of their average weight, so

[0056] Step 4: Establish a basic livestock breed-functional livestock breed joint breeding model, specifically: establish a joint breeding model of 10 basic livestock breed-sheep farmers and 1 functional livestock breed-horse farmer, the total number of horses raised by the functional livestock breed-horse farmers is the total number of horses required for the functional livestock breed grazing regulation and control on the grasslands of the 10 sheep farmers, specifically 370 horses in this embodiment. According to local regulations, the optimal grazing intensity of sheep is 1 sheep per 20 mu, and the total number of sheep raised on each household's 3,000 mu grassland is determined to be 150. Then, during the period of functional livestock breed grazing regulation and control on the grasslands of the basic livestock breed farmers determined each year, the corresponding number of horses will be allocated to the grasslands of the basic livestock breed-sheep farmers for grazing, and the rest of the time will be concentrated on the unified breeding of functional livestock breed farmers (such as Figure 1 , as shown in 2).

[0057] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional livestock breeding control method for promoting high-quality grassland development, characterized in that: The grassland has Stipa as the dominant plant species and also contains non-dominant plant species other than Stipa; the method The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the types of functional livestock species to be introduced: S11, determine the basic livestock species for grassland grazing as sheep, which is the basic livestock species currently raised on most grasslands in my country; S12: Determine the selective feeding behavior of grassland basic livestock species on different grassland plant species: Sheep are highly selective in feeding, tending to feed on non-dominant plant species and consuming less dominant plant species; S13. Based on the current pastoral farming situation, select one or more of the following: cattle, horses, and camels, which are common in the local area and have weak selective feeding, partial feeding on dominant plant species, and have a temporal and spatial niche differentiation from the feeding of basic livestock species, as functional livestock species. Through grazing control of functional livestock species, plant utilization efficiency can be increased, forage quality can be improved, and plant diversity can be maintained. S2, determine the grazing regulation time of functional livestock species; S21, determine the selective grazing intensity of grassland basic livestock species on dominant grassland plant species at different stages of the growing season; S22, when the selective intensity of basic livestock species on dominant plant species in grasslands decreases significantly, functional livestock species grazing begins. At this time, functional livestock species are introduced to graze together with basic livestock species. S3, determine the grazing intensity of functional livestock species: S31, determine the biomass of dominant plant species in grasslands at the time when functional livestock species begin grazing (DB): DB=ADB×GA Among them, ADB represents the biomass of dominant plant species per unit area of ​​grassland at the time when functional livestock species began to graze, and GA represents the total grassland area per household; S32, Calculate the functional feed intake (FGI): FGI=DB×25% S33, determine the number of functional livestock species for grazing per household (N): Among them, BM represents the average body weight of livestock, R represents the proportion of daily feed intake of livestock to their body weight, and 30 means that the number of grazing days is 30 days; S4. Establish a joint breeding model of basic livestock breeds and functional livestock breeds: 10 basic livestock breeders and 1 functional livestock breeder jointly breed.

2. The functional livestock breed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starting period for grazing functional livestock species in step S22 is from June to July each year when the nutritional content of the dominant species decreases.

3. The functional livestock breed control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grazing duration of the functional livestock species in step S22 is 30 days.

4. The functional livestock breed control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the joint breeding model of 10 basic livestock breeders and 1 functional livestock breeder in step S4: the total number of livestock raised by the functional livestock breeders is the total number of functional livestock breeds required for the functional livestock breed grazing regulation on the grasslands of the 10 sheep breeders; the specific joint breeding method is to allocate a corresponding number of functional livestock breeds to the grasslands of the basic livestock breeders for grazing during the functional livestock breed grazing regulation period of the grasslands of the basic livestock breeders determined each year, and concentrate all the functional livestock breeds on the grasslands of the functional livestock breeders for unified breeding during the rest of the time.

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