A method for ex situ conservation of azalea

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for ex situ conservation of azalea, the method comprising the following steps: in August to September of the year before the azalea is transplanted, the downward main root system is sawed off, then soil is sealed, and a rooting promoter is poured on the soil mass around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots; before the azalea is transplanted, the azalea is pruned in a pruning manner, and the pruned wound is treated with a healing agent to prevent corrosion, prevent dryness, and promote healing; the azalea treated with the healing agent is soaked in clean water for 3 to 6 hours, so that the pile blank, trunk, and roots are fully watered, and then the azalea with soil and balls is placed in the central position of the planting hole to extend the root system to all sides; after transplanting, shade should be provided in time with a sunshade net to reduce water loss, and the sunshade net is removed after the beginning of autumn, full-day maintenance is carried out, water and fertilizer management and soil management are strengthened, pest control is done well, and scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures are taken for the azalea. The method for ex situ conservation of azalea provided by the invention has a high survival rate of azalea.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of garden landscape, and in particular to a method for ex situ conservation of azalea. Background Art

[0002] As a typical representative of the genus Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family, azalea not only has gorgeous flowers and is commonly seen in the mountains and gardens in spring, but also attracts attention for its important position in the ecological environment. The utilization value of its resources cannot be underestimated. It has been developed and utilized as a garden tree species to enrich urban landscapes, increase plant diversity, enhance the taste of urban gardens, make it unique to local characteristics, and benefit mankind. In order to accelerate the application rate of azalea planting resources in the garden industry and increase the market share of azalea in flowers, ecological landscapes, gardening and horticulture, these planting resources are introduced and conserved.

[0003] Ex situ conservation can provide a better living environment for azalea, thereby promoting its reproduction and growth. A key point of ex situ conservation is to select suitable ex situ areas. These areas need to have suitable climatic conditions, soil types and sufficient resource supply to imitate their natural habitats. Places with moderate altitudes and mild climates can be selected for ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation needs to be combined with ecological restoration measures to gradually improve its native habitat and restore damaged habitats. This can be achieved through afforestation, soil improvement and other means, which will help improve the overall stability and resilience of the ecosystem. Ex situ conservation of azalea not only helps to protect biodiversity, but also has good social and economic benefits. The ornamental value of azalea and its application prospects in horticulture can attract more tourists, promote the development of local ecotourism, and thus bring benefits to the local economy.

[0004] However, the survival rate of existing rhododendrons during ex situ conservation is low, resulting in waste of resources. Therefore, how to improve the survival rate of rhododendrons during ex situ conservation is a key issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a method for ex situ conservation of azalea, so as to solve the problem of low survival rate in the process of ex situ conservation of azalea.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for ex situ conservation of azalea, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Cut off the roots in advance: In August or September of the year before the azalea is transplanted, cut off the main root system, cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots;

[0008] S2. Early shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, use the branch cutting method to prune them. The blade should be flat when pruning, and the pruning wounds should be treated with healing agents to prevent corrosion, dryness, and promote healing.

[0009] S3. Transplantation: Soak the azalea treated with the healing agent in clean water for 3 to 6 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the pile to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the root system to spread out in all directions.

[0010] S4. Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, use shade nets to provide shade in time to reduce water loss. Wait until the beginning of autumn to remove the shade nets and carry out full-sun maintenance. Strengthen water, fertilizer and soil management, do a good job in disease and pest control, and take scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures for azaleas.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 800-1000 times sterilizing liquid.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the method for preparing the healing agent comprises the following steps:

[0013] Deionized water is added to sodium alginate, heated and stirred, and then tea tree oil, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid and xanthan gum are added, and bentonite is added under stirring to obtain a healing agent; wherein the mass ratio of the sodium alginate, tea tree oil, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, xanthan gum and bentonite is (10-15): (0.1-5): (0.01-0.02): (0.03-0.05): (0.1-1): (1-3).

[0014] Preferably, before step S3, the following steps are also included:

[0015] S30. Investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, sample the planting soil, conduct soil tests, accurately control soil fertility, and use chemicals to accurately control the soil environment to ensure that it is suitable for growing azaleas.

[0016] Preferably, the agent comprises, by mass, 1 to 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 to 8 parts of humic acid, 10 to 15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 4 to 6 parts of zeolite, 3 to 6 parts of sepiolite, 2 to 10 parts of calcium chloride, 20 to 40 parts of potassium alginate and 10 to 30 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the transplanting is performed during the dormant stage of the azalea.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the water and fertilizer management includes water management and fertilization management.

[0019] Preferably, the moisture management comprises the following steps:

[0020] Spring and autumn are the growth, flowering and bud formation periods of azalea, so the water supply should be appropriately more, but not too much water during the flowering period, as too much water will cause the flowers to wither early. In spring and autumn, water once every 2 to 3 days. In summer, new branches sprout and the growth is vigorous, which consumes more water. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so it needs to be watered 1 to 2 times a day. If it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, you should also use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray clean water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity. In the plum rain season or rainy conditions, watering should be stopped and the accumulated water in the gullies should be drained in time. Although the temperature has dropped after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so you should water frequently to keep the soil moist. When flower buds are differentiating, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds. After October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate. The water content in the branches is low, and the plant tissues are well developed, which can increase the ability to resist cold. At this time, just keep the soil slightly moist.

[0021] Preferably, the fertilization management comprises the following steps:

[0022] Do not apply fertilizer when transplanting, because the plant root system is damaged and the wound has not healed. Applying fertilizer during transplanting will accelerate the death of azalea. Do not apply concentrated fertilizer after it survives, and "apply less dry fertilizer and thin liquid fertilizer"; apply 20-30 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; in mid-June, apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once to promote flower bud differentiation; stop fertilizing after June; after the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow, and apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but do not apply too concentrated fertilizer, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system; after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth begins. During this short period of time, apply 1-2 times of dilute liquid of superphosphate or other phosphorus fertilizers to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation; after each fertilization, water with clean water every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the soil management comprises the following steps:

[0024] Loosen the soil once in the second year after transplanting to improve the soil's air permeability and replace the compacted soil. Be careful when turning the soil to avoid damaging the root system. At the same time, you can also combine the application of organic fertilizers to improve the soil's physical and chemical properties and nutritional status. The specific fertilization plan is to apply top dressing once in the first autumn after transplanting, and then apply fertilizer 2 to 3 times in the early spring and autumn of the second year. At the same time, in the fourth year of transplanting, add some nutrient soil prepared during planting to the outside of the soil platform to ensure the nutrients needed for root growth.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The method for ex situ conservation of azalea provided by the present invention selects a suitable transplanting time according to the growth habits of azalea, performs effective treatment before transplanting, keeps the root system moist during transplanting, and takes rejuvenation and maintenance measures in the later stage, thereby improving the survival rate of azalea through various measures.

[0027] (2) The method for ex situ conservation of azalea provided by the present invention comprises treating the pruning wounds with a healing agent before the azaleas are taken down the mountain, which can accelerate the healing of the wounds and improve the survival rate. The healing agent can promote the healing of azalea wounds, promote plant growth, supply nutrients, and inhibit bacteria. By treating with sodium alginate, the cell growth at the pruning wound site is promoted and the healing is accelerated. By treating with tea tree oil, the wound site can be inhibited from bacteria. By treating with naphthaleneacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, the growth of plant cells can be promoted. Through the effects of multiple aspects, an ideal wound healing effect can be achieved in combination.

[0028] (3) The method for ex situ conservation of azalea provided by the present invention uses a chemical to precisely control the planting soil environment before transplanting. The chemical can improve the soil structure, prevent water loss, improve the internal pore space of the soil, increase soil biological activity, and promote the release of fast-acting nutrients. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiment, it is carried out according to the normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. In addition, the technical schemes between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to achieve. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be achieved, it should be considered that the combination of such technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In view of the low survival rate of existing azaleas during transplantation, which leads to waste of manpower and material resources, the present invention proposes a method for ex situ conservation of azaleas to solve the above problem.

[0031] The method for ex situ conservation of azalea provided by the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:

[0032] (1) Timing of transplantation

[0033] Choosing the right time to transplant is the key to the survival of azalea. In late winter and early spring, most trees are dormant or semi-dormant, with weak metabolic activities. The leaves of deciduous trees have fallen, and the transpiration of evergreen leaves has weakened or almost stopped. Soon after transplantation, the spring season will come, and the vitality of the trees will gradually become stronger, making it easier for them to survive. Therefore, the best time to transplant azalea is before the flowering period, which is around the Qingming Festival. During this period, azalea is still in a dormant stage, the nutrients in the trunk are still sufficient, the temperature is not high, and it is not easy to breed diseases and insect pests.

[0034] (2) Premature root removal

[0035] The root structure of azalea determines the difficulty of transplanting, because the capillary roots are not well developed. Even if the rooting water is poured in time after planting, the survival rate cannot be guaranteed. The best way to transplant azalea is to cut off the taproot in advance, that is, before preparing to transplant azalea, around the beginning of autumn in the previous year, saw off the downward taproot with a saw blade (the downward taproot of azalea is not long), then cover it with soil, and after cutting the roots, water the soil around the trunk with 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid for sterilization, and 300mg / L indolebutyric acid rooting promoter to promote rooting. After a period of time, a large number of absorbing roots will grow.

[0036] (3) Plastic pruning before transplantation

[0037] According to the branching habits, germination ability, branching force, wound healing ability and reaction after pruning, appropriate pruning methods should be adopted. It is best not to leave branches on trees that are hundreds of years old because of their weak growth potential. Some branches can be left on large trees in the growth period. Broad-leaved trees should leave as few branches as possible due to their large transpiration. Coniferous trees can leave more branches. According to the growth of transplanted azaleas, the branch cutting pruning method is adopted. When pruning, the blade should be flat, and the cut should be coated with a healing agent to prevent corrosion, dryness and promote healing. Pay attention to the time when the surface is dry, and brush it again in time when it rains.

[0038] (4) Habitat regulation

[0039] 1) Soil testing and formulation: sample the planting soil in advance, conduct soil testing, and accurately control soil fertility to ensure that the trees are suitable for the land.

[0040] 2) Habitat simulation: Carry out ecological simulation of azalea trees, simulate the soil environment, air humidity, surface temperature, light duration, etc. of the original growth area of ​​azalea, investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, try to transplant with soil and bulbs, and then control the length of light and temperature through covering and shading measures, use chemicals to accurately control the soil environment, ensure that the trees are suitable for the place, and improve the preservation rate of azalea seedlings.

[0041] (5) Implementation of the transplant process

[0042] Azalea is a shallow-rooted tree species, so it is best to transplant it with a soil ball. After digging out the tree, prune the transplanted azalea, cut off all the leaves and flower buds, and leave no leaves. Some trees need to be crowned according to needs. When cutting the crown, select the skeleton branches at the top and leave 3 to 4 main branches for branching, positioning, and orientation. Each main branch is retained 30 to 40 cm from the main trunk branch for heavy cutting, and all the excess branches are cut off at the base to balance the root-crown ratio and improve the survival rate of transplantation. Treat the wound with a healing agent before the tree is moved down the mountain.

[0043] Shallow roots determine that azaleas are not resistant to waterlogging. When planting, pay attention to the high-position planting method, pay attention to water accumulation, and use the root exposure method. Therefore, sterile loess is selected for planting soil, or 50% sterile loess + 30% clean and breathable coarse river sand + 20% nutrient soil. When transplanting, soak the azalea in clean water for a few hours to let the trunk and roots of the pile blank absorb water, and then place the azalea in the center of the planting hole to allow the roots to stretch out to all sides without nesting the roots, and not to warp or expose them. At the same time, do not plant too deep, and the rhizomes of the seedlings should be exposed to the ground. After placing the azalea in the pit, cover it with soil in layers, first fill the topsoil and then the heart soil, and tamp it down in batches to make the roots close to the soil to prevent dry air from invading and keep the roots moist. When returning the soil, straighten the trunk and support it initially. After the tree is stable, check it carefully. If there is no problem, support the azalea tree firmly. The root system of the transplanted tree is very fragile. After successful transplantation, it needs long-term rejuvenation, maintenance and observation. The azalea should be fixed after planting, especially in windy and rainy days. The tree head shaking too much can easily shake the roots and affect the normal development of the roots. Therefore, the fixed method can be fixed by triangular support fixation or thin steel rope method. Water thoroughly for rooting, even on rainy days. It is required that the planting hole should be in the shape of a small steamed bun after planting the seedlings.

[0044] After transplanting, use shade nets to provide shade in time to reduce water loss. Wait until the beginning of autumn to remove the shade nets and maintain in full sun.

[0045] (6) Rejuvenation and maintenance measures

[0046] Planting is the key to the survival of transplanted trees, but later maintenance work is more important. Maintenance management is a regular task. In order to ensure the survival and healthy growth of trees, a set of scientific maintenance and management measures must be formulated based on the unique biological characteristics of the tree species, the rhythm of growth and development, and the ecological conditions of the native habitat. The management tasks after transplantation mainly include: avoiding human damage and protecting the normal growth of azaleas; strengthening water and fertilizer management, doing a good job in disease and pest control, and taking scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures for azaleas. In order to improve the growth potential of azaleas after transplanting, strengthening soil management is the key, and the three elements of oxygen, fertility, and water in the soil should be reasonably and effectively configured.

[0047] 1) Water management

[0048] Watering azalea is a very important task. Because azalea has a relatively weak root system, it is afraid of waterlogging and not drought-tolerant. Too dry or too wet is not good for the growth of the plant, so special attention should be paid to controlling the amount of water. If there is a lack of water during the leaf expansion period, the leaves of azalea will turn yellow and curl. If it is too dry, it will die. If there is a lack of water during flowering, the petals will become soft and shriveled, the flowers will droop, the color will not be bright, and the flowers may even wither and die. Therefore, watering must be done according to the weather, air dryness, soil moisture content, etc.

[0049] The best time to water is in the morning and evening, especially in the hot summer, it is not suitable to water at noon. Because the roots will be hurt by cold water stimulation. The principle of watering is to water thoroughly and prevent half-watering. Spring and autumn are the growth, flowering and budding period of Xishi Azalea. Water supply should be appropriately more, but not too much watering during the flowering period, which will cause the flowers to wither early. Under normal circumstances, watering can be done once every 2 to 3 days in spring and autumn. In summer, new branches sprout, grow vigorously, consume more water, and the temperature is high and the air is dry, so it is necessary to water 1 to 2 times a day. If it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, you should also use a fine-eye spray bottle to spray water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity. In the plum rain season or rainy conditions, stop watering and drain the water in the gully in time. Although the temperature has dropped after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist. When flower buds differentiate, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds. After October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate. The water content in the branches is less, the plant tissues develop fully, and the cold resistance can be increased. At this time, just keep the soil slightly moist.

[0050] 2) Soil management

[0051] Loosen the soil once in the second year after transplanting to improve the air permeability of the soil and replace the compacted soil. Be careful when turning the soil to avoid damaging the root system. At the same time, you can also combine the application of organic fertilizers to improve the physical and chemical properties and nutritional status of the soil. The specific fertilization plan is to apply topdressing once in the first autumn after transplanting, and then apply fertilizer 2 to 3 times in the early spring and autumn of the second year. At the same time, in the fourth year of transplanting, you should add some nutrient soil configured during planting on the periphery of the soil platform to ensure the nutrients needed for root growth.

[0052] 3) Fertilization

[0053] Do not apply fertilizer during transplanting, because the plant root system is damaged and the wound has not healed. Fertilization during transplanting will accelerate the death of azalea. After survival, do not apply concentrated fertilizer. It is necessary to "apply less dry fertilizer and thin liquid fertilizer". Under normal circumstances, about 20 grams of dry cake fertilizer can be applied in spring and autumn each year. In mid-June, quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied once to promote flower bud differentiation. Fertilization can be stopped after June. After the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow. You can apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but it must not be too concentrated, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system. Excessive fertilization in summer will cause old leaves to fall off and new leaves to turn yellow. If there is no abnormality in summer, after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth will begin. In this short period of time, 1 to 2 times of dilute liquid of superphosphate and other phosphorus fertilizers can be applied to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation. After each fertilization, water should be poured every 2 days, and the root soil should be loosened once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated.

[0054] 4) Pest and disease control measures

[0055] The harm of pests and diseases is one of the main reasons that affect the survival and decline of azalea transplanting. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the observation of azalea pests and diseases and prevent and control them in time. The specific measures are: in the first year of transplanting, after the azalea is transplanted, wait for it to germinate for one month before spraying. The composition of the spraying medicine is a mixture of growth liquid and thiophanate 1:1500, plus ferrous sulfate liquid, spray the medicine again after 7 days, and spray twice a month thereafter. In the high temperature season, add medicine to prevent wilt and anthracnose, and the medicine is mainly sprayed on the leaves. In the second year of transplanting, in order to prevent pests and diseases, spray anti-mildew medicine twice a month starting from summer, especially in the high temperature season after the rainy season, it must be on time. The main anti-mildew medicines are thiophanate, thiophanate and ferrous sulfate. At high temperatures, a part of the medicine for preventing anthracnose and wilt must be added. In the third year of transplanting, spray thiophanate once a month, no longer spray after October, and spray in the rainy season of the following year.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0057] A method for ex situ conservation of azaleas, transplanting trees: azaleas, number: 20 trees, trees native to mountainous areas, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0058] (1) Root cutting in advance: In mid-August of the year before the azalea is transplanted, saw off the main root system, then cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots;

[0059] The rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 900 times sterilization solution;

[0060] (2) Pre-shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, prune them by cutting branches. The blade should be smooth and the wounds should be treated with a healing agent to prevent rot, dryness and promote healing.

[0061] The preparation method of the healing agent comprises the following steps:

[0062] 30 mL of deionized water was added to 12 g of sodium alginate, heated to 50° C. and stirred, then 0.5 g of tea tree oil, 0.01 g of naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.04 g of indoleacetic acid and 0.5 g of xanthan gum were added, and 2 g of bentonite was added under stirring to obtain a healing agent;

[0063] (3) Transplantation: Investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, sample the planting soil, conduct soil testing, accurately control the soil fertility, and use chemicals to accurately control the soil environment to ensure that it is suitable for planting azaleas; the chemicals, measured by mass, include 5g of ferrous sulfate, 6g of humic acid, 12g of diatomaceous earth, 5g of zeolite, 4g of sepiolite, 6g of calcium chloride, 30g of potassium alginate, and 20g of water-soluble silicon fertilizer;

[0064] Soak the azalea treated with the healing agent in clean water for 5 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the pile to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the roots to spread out in all directions.

[0065] (4) Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, shade nets should be used in time to reduce water loss. The shade nets should be removed in the beginning of autumn, and full-day maintenance should be carried out. Water, fertilizer and soil management should be strengthened, and pest and disease control should be carried out. Scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures should be taken for azaleas.

[0066] In spring and autumn, water once every two days; in summer, new branches sprout, the growth is vigorous, and the water consumption is also high. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so watering is required twice a day; if it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity; in the plum rain season or rainy conditions, watering should be stopped and the water in the gullies should be drained in time; although the temperature drops after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist; when flower buds differentiate, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds; after October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate, the water content in the branches is low, and the plant tissues are fully developed, which can increase the cold resistance; at this time, keep the soil slightly moist;

[0067] Apply 25 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once in mid-June to promote flower bud differentiation; stop fertilizing after June; after the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow, apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but do not apply too concentrated, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system; after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth begins. During this short period of time, apply two times of dilute liquid of superphosphate or other phosphorus fertilizers to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation; after each fertilization, water once every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated. Example 2

[0068] A method for ex situ conservation of azaleas, transplanting trees: azaleas, number: 20 trees, trees native to mountainous areas, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0069] (1) Root cutting in advance: In mid-August of the year before the azalea is transplanted, saw off the main root system, then cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots;

[0070] The rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 800 times sterilization solution;

[0071] (2) Pre-shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, prune them by cutting branches. The blade should be smooth and the wounds should be treated with a healing agent to prevent rot, dryness and promote healing.

[0072] The preparation method of the healing agent comprises the following steps:

[0073] 30 mL of deionized water was added to 10 g of sodium alginate, heated to 50° C. and stirred, then 0.1 g of tea tree oil, 0.015 g of naphthylacetic acid, 0.03 g of indoleacetic acid and 0.1 g of xanthan gum were added, and 1 g of bentonite was added under stirring to obtain a healing agent;

[0074] (3) Transplantation: Investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, sample the planting soil, conduct soil testing, accurately control the soil fertility, and use chemicals to accurately control the soil environment to ensure that it is suitable for planting azaleas; the chemicals, measured by mass, include 1g ferrous sulfate, 2g humic acid, 10g diatomaceous earth, 4g zeolite, 3g sepiolite, 2g calcium chloride, 20g potassium alginate, and 10g water-soluble silicon fertilizer;

[0075] Soak the azalea treated with the healing agent in clean water for 5 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the pile to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the roots to spread out in all directions.

[0076] (4) Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, shade nets should be used in time to reduce water loss. The shade nets should be removed in the beginning of autumn, and full-day maintenance should be carried out. Water, fertilizer and soil management should be strengthened, and pest and disease control should be carried out. Scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures should be taken for azaleas.

[0077] In spring and autumn, water once every two days; in summer, new branches sprout, the growth is vigorous, and the water consumption is also high. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so watering is required twice a day; if it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity; in the plum rain season or rainy conditions, watering should be stopped and the water in the gullies should be drained in time; although the temperature drops after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist; when flower buds differentiate, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds; after October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate, the water content in the branches is low, and the plant tissues are fully developed, which can increase the cold resistance; at this time, keep the soil slightly moist;

[0078] Apply 25 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once in mid-June to promote flower bud differentiation; stop fertilizing after June; after the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow, apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but do not apply too concentrated, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system; after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth begins. During this short period of time, apply two times of dilute liquid of superphosphate or other phosphorus fertilizers to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation; after each fertilization, water once every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated. Example 3

[0079] A method for ex situ conservation of azaleas, transplanting trees: azaleas, number: 20 trees, trees native to mountainous areas, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0080] (1) Root cutting in advance: In mid-August of the year before the azalea is transplanted, saw off the main root system, then cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots;

[0081] The rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 1000 times sterilization solution;

[0082] (2) Pre-shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, prune them by cutting branches. The blade should be smooth and the wounds should be treated with a healing agent to prevent rot, dryness and promote healing.

[0083] The preparation method of the healing agent comprises the following steps:

[0084] 30 mL of deionized water was added to 15 g of sodium alginate, heated to 50° C. and stirred, then 5 g of tea tree oil, 0.02 g of naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.05 g of indoleacetic acid and 1 g of xanthan gum were added, and 3 g of bentonite was added under stirring to obtain a healing agent;

[0085] (3) Transplantation: Investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, sample the planting soil, conduct soil testing, accurately control the soil fertility, and use chemicals to accurately control the soil environment to ensure that it is suitable for planting azaleas; the chemicals, measured by mass, include 10g ferrous sulfate, 8g humic acid, 15g diatomaceous earth, 6g zeolite, 6g sepiolite, 10g calcium chloride, 40g potassium alginate, and 30g water-soluble silicon fertilizer;

[0086] Soak the azalea treated with the healing agent in clean water for 5 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the pile to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the roots to spread out in all directions.

[0087] (4) Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, shade nets should be used in time to reduce water loss. The shade nets should be removed in the beginning of autumn, and full-day maintenance should be carried out. Water, fertilizer and soil management should be strengthened, and pest and disease control should be carried out. Scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures should be taken for azaleas.

[0088] In spring and autumn, water once every two days; in summer, new branches sprout, the growth is vigorous, and the water consumption is also high. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so watering is required twice a day; if it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity; in the plum rain season or rainy conditions, watering should be stopped and the water in the gullies should be drained in time; although the temperature drops after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist; when flower buds differentiate, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds; after October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate, the water content in the branches is low, and the plant tissues are fully developed, which can increase the cold resistance; at this time, keep the soil slightly moist;

[0089] Apply 25 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once in mid-June to promote flower bud differentiation; stop fertilizing after June; after the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow, apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but do not apply too concentrated, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system; after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth begins. During this short period of time, apply two times of dilute liquid of superphosphate or other phosphorus fertilizers to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation; after each fertilization, water once every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] A method for ex situ conservation of azaleas, transplanting trees: azaleas, number: 20 trees, trees native to mountainous areas, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0092] (1) Root cutting in advance: In mid-August of the year before the azalea is transplanted, saw off the main root system, then cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots;

[0093] The rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 900 times sterilization solution;

[0094] (2) Early shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, use the branch-cutting pruning method. The blade should be smooth during pruning to prevent rot, dryness, and promote healing.

[0095] (3) Transplantation: Investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, sample the planting soil, conduct soil testing, accurately control the soil fertility, and use chemicals to accurately control the soil environment to ensure that it is suitable for planting azaleas; the chemicals, measured by mass, include 5g of ferrous sulfate, 6g of humic acid, 12g of diatomaceous earth, 5g of zeolite, 4g of sepiolite, 6g of calcium chloride, 30g of potassium alginate, and 20g of water-soluble silicon fertilizer;

[0096] Soak the azalea in clean water for 5 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the stake to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the roots to spread out in all directions.

[0097] (4) Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, shade nets should be used in time to reduce water loss. The shade nets should be removed in the beginning of autumn, and full-day maintenance should be carried out. Water, fertilizer and soil management should be strengthened, and pest and disease control should be carried out. Scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures should be taken for azaleas.

[0098] In spring and autumn, water once every two days; in summer, new branches sprout, the growth is vigorous, and the water consumption is also high. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so watering is required twice a day; if it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity; in the plum rain season or rainy conditions, watering should be stopped and the water in the gullies should be drained in time; although the temperature drops after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist; when flower buds differentiate, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds; after October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate, the water content in the branches is low, and the plant tissues are fully developed, which can increase the cold resistance; at this time, keep the soil slightly moist;

[0099] Apply 25 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once in mid-June to promote flower bud differentiation; stop fertilizing after June; after the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow, apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but do not apply too concentrated, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system; after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth begins. During this short period of time, apply two times of dilute liquid of superphosphate or other phosphorus fertilizers to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation; after each fertilization, water once every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] A method for ex situ conservation of azaleas, transplanting trees: azaleas, number: 20 trees, trees native to mountainous areas, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0102] (1) Root cutting in advance: In mid-August of the year before the azalea is transplanted, saw off the main root system, then cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots;

[0103] The rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 900 times sterilization solution;

[0104] (2) Pre-shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, prune them by cutting branches. The blade should be smooth and the wounds should be treated with a healing agent to prevent rot, dryness and promote healing.

[0105] The preparation method of the healing agent comprises the following steps:

[0106] 30 mL of deionized water was added to 12 g of sodium alginate, heated to 50° C. and stirred, then 0.5 g of tea tree oil, 0.01 g of naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.04 g of indoleacetic acid and 0.5 g of xanthan gum were added, and 2 g of bentonite was added under stirring to obtain a healing agent;

[0107] (3) Transplantation: Investigate the soil, environment, and climate of the source area in advance, sample the planting soil, conduct soil testing, and accurately control soil fertility to ensure that it is suitable for planting azaleas;

[0108] Soak the azalea treated with the healing agent in clean water for 5 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the pile to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the roots to spread out in all directions.

[0109] (4) Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, shade nets should be used in time to reduce water loss. The shade nets should be removed in the beginning of autumn, and full-day maintenance should be carried out. Water, fertilizer and soil management should be strengthened, and pest and disease control should be carried out. Scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures should be taken for azaleas.

[0110] In spring and autumn, water once every two days; in summer, new branches sprout, the growth is vigorous, and the water consumption is also high. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so watering is required twice a day; if it has not rained for a few days and the air is dry, use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray water on the flowers and leaves to increase the air humidity; in the plum rain season or rainy conditions, watering should be stopped and the water in the gullies should be drained in time; although the temperature drops after autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still large, so watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist; when flower buds differentiate, the amount of water should be properly controlled to promote the formation of flower buds; after October, the amount of watering should be reduced as appropriate, the water content in the branches is low, and the plant tissues are fully developed, which can increase the cold resistance; at this time, keep the soil slightly moist;

[0111] Apply 25 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once in mid-June to promote flower bud differentiation; stop fertilizing after June; after the flowers fade, it is the time for new branches to grow, apply liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration, but do not apply too concentrated, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the root system; after the beginning of autumn, the second period of vigorous growth begins. During this short period of time, apply two times of dilute liquid of superphosphate or other phosphorus fertilizers to meet the needs of plant growth and bud formation; after each fertilization, water once every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated.

[0112] According to the above-mentioned methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, the survival of each of the 20 azalea trees transplanted was checked one month later. The survival rate of Example 1 was 100%, the survival rate of Example 2 was 90%, the survival rate of Example 3 was 95%, while the survival rate of Comparative Example 1 was 55%, and the survival rate of Comparative Example 2 was 60%. It can be seen that the method for ex situ conservation of azalea provided by the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of azalea.

[0113] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ex situ conservation of azalea, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Cut off the roots in advance: In August or September of the year before the azalea is transplanted, cut off the main root system, cover it with soil, and pour rooting promoter on the soil around the trunk to promote the growth of absorbing roots; S2. Early shaping and pruning: Before transplanting azaleas, use the branch cutting method to prune. The blade should be flat when pruning, and the pruning wound should be treated with a healing agent to prevent corrosion, dryness, and promote healing. S3. Transplantation: Soak the azalea treated with the healing agent in clean water for 3 to 6 hours to allow the trunk and roots of the pile to absorb water. Then place the azalea with soil and ball in the center of the planting hole to allow the root system to spread out in all directions. S4. Rejuvenation and maintenance: After transplanting, shade nets should be used in time to reduce water loss. The shade nets should be removed in the beginning of autumn, and full-day maintenance should be carried out. Water, fertilizer and soil management should be strengthened, and pest and disease control should be done well. Scientific and reasonable rejuvenation measures should be taken for azaleas; The preparation method of the healing agent comprises the following steps: Deionized water is added to sodium alginate, heated and stirred, and then tea tree oil, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid and xanthan gum are added, and bentonite is added under stirring to obtain a healing agent; wherein the mass ratio of the sodium alginate, tea tree oil, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, xanthan gum and bentonite is (10-15): (0.1-5): (0.01-0.02): (0.03-0.05): (0.1-1): (1-3); Before step S3, the method further includes using a drug to regulate the soil environment in advance; The agent comprises, by weight, 1 to 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 to 8 parts of humic acid, 10 to 15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 4 to 6 parts of zeolite, 3 to 6 parts of sepiolite, 2 to 10 parts of calcium chloride, 20 to 40 parts of potassium alginate and 10 to 30 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer; In step S1, the rooting promoter includes 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 300 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 800-1000 times sterilization liquid.

2. The method for ex situ conservation of azalea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the transplanting is performed during the dormant stage of the azalea.

3. The method for ex situ conservation of azalea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the water and fertilizer management includes water management and fertilization management.

4. The method for ex situ conservation of azalea according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moisture management comprises the following steps: In spring and autumn, water once every 2 to 3 days; in summer, water 1 to 2 times a day; after October, reduce the amount of watering and keep the soil slightly moist.

5. The method for ex situ conservation of azalea according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilization management comprises the following steps: Apply 20 to 30 grams of dry cake fertilizer each spring and autumn; apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once in mid-June; after the beginning of autumn, apply 1 to 2 times of diluted superphosphate phosphate fertilizer; after each fertilization, water once every 2 days, and loosen the soil at the roots once to allow the soil to be fully ventilated.

6. The method for ex situ conservation of azalea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the soil management comprises the following steps: Loosen the soil once in the second year after transplanting to improve soil permeability and replace compacted soil; at the same time, apply organic fertilizer.