An acrylic dielectric elastomer

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of dielectric elastomers and specifically discloses an acrylate-based dielectric elastomer with a high dielectric constant and low modulus. The acrylate-based dielectric elastomer is obtained by curing with butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinker in the presence of a photoinitiator. The acrylate-based dielectric elastomer exhibits the advantages of a high dielectric constant and low modulus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dielectric elastomers, and specifically discloses an acrylic ester dielectric elastomer with high dielectric constant and low modulus. Background Art

[0002] Some polymers can change shape and size in response to external stimuli (such as light, electric fields, and magnetic fields). Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are among the most widely studied. As the name suggests, EAPs are polymer materials that respond to an applied electric field. Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are a highly sought-after electroactive smart material. They can convert electrical input into mechanical output, and vice versa, efficiently achieving force-to-electricity conversion.

[0003] Dielectric elastomers have large deformation (>100%) and high energy density (>3.4MJ / m 3 ), which responds quickly and is similar to the natural muscles of the human body when deformed by force, and is often used to make actuators. In practical applications, dielectric elastomer actuators are involved in the fields of bionics, biomedicine, and aerospace. Dielectric elastomers can be mainly divided into three categories according to the material: acrylates, silicone rubber, and polyurethane. However, acrylates still have some defects, such as slow creep recovery, which affects their drive recovery performance, large viscoelasticity, and high sensitivity to temperature and humidity. Compared with acrylates, silicone rubber dielectric elastomers have a wider operating temperature range and smaller viscoelastic hysteresis, but silicone rubber is a non-polar material with a relatively low dielectric constant (~2.8), which makes it relatively small when used as a dielectric elastomer actuator. At the same time, it also has a very low energy density (0.75 J / cm 3 ). Therefore, to improve the driving performance of silicone rubber as a flexible actuator, a pre-strain of 50-150% is generally applied, which in turn requires additional stretching devices. Although polyurethane elastomers have a high dielectric constant (>7), breakdown strength, and a certain thickness strain, compared to acrylics and silicone rubber, polyurethane has a higher Young's modulus. This defect will reduce its electric driving performance in flexible actuator applications, and it is more difficult to improve the electric driving strain performance through pre-stretching. Therefore, how to improve the driving performance of dielectric elastomers has always been a hot research topic.

[0004] Methods for improving the driving performance of dielectric elastomers primarily include reducing their elastic modulus and thickness, and increasing their dielectric constant and driving voltage. However, when the applied electric field exceeds the maximum voltage the material can withstand, the dielectric elastomer film will be damaged, resulting in driving failure.

[0005] Improving driving performance by reducing the elastic modulus often leads to changes in other film properties, such as viscosity loss and hysteresis. Too low an elastic modulus can lead to a loss of mechanical stability and integrity of the elastomer, impairing the long-term performance and life of the material.

[0006] Reducing the film thickness can make the material produce a larger driving strain at a smaller voltage. Reducing the film thickness is generally achieved by pre-stretching. In addition, pre-stretching can also rearrange the polymer molecular chains perpendicular to the direction of the applied electric field, thereby limiting the flow of charge and improving the dielectric strength. However, the main commercial dielectric elastomer VHB4910 currently requires a reinforcing frame to maintain the pre-stretched state after pre-stretching, and it will cause stress relaxation and fatigue. Although the interpenetrating polymer network structure can solve the problem of reinforcing the frame, the thickness of the film produced on a large scale can only reach 10-20μm at most. If the thickness is further reduced, the unevenness of the film will increase, which will cause the film to be locally subjected to high electric fields and stresses, resulting in premature electrical breakdown.

[0007] The dielectric constant is one of the key parameters that determines the performance of dielectric elastomers. However, existing polymer elastomer materials (such as natural rubber, silicone rubber, and polyurethane elastomers) all have relatively low dielectric constants. A common approach to increasing the dielectric constant is to add high-dielectric-constant or conductive fillers to the liquid elastomer matrix. However, solid fillers can agglomerate in liquid elastomer matrices, leading to localized stress concentrations and a sharp increase in the material modulus. Therefore, optimizing the driving performance of dielectric elastomers remains a question that requires further in-depth research. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome these challenges, the present invention copolymerizes polyacrylonitrile (AN) and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFOEA) with butyl acrylate (BA) to introduce highly polar groups, resulting in an acrylate-based dielectric elastomer with a high dielectric constant. T-butyl acrylate can also be copolymerized to adjust the polymer's viscoelastic properties. The acrylate-based dielectric elastomer exhibits excellent actuation performance and a low elastic modulus, making it suitable for applications in fields such as electroactive actuation.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides an acrylate dielectric elastomer, which is obtained by curing butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinking agent under a photoinitiator.

[0011] Preferably, tert-butyl acrylate or a short-chain crosslinking agent is further added to the above-mentioned acrylic ester dielectric elastomer.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned acrylate dielectric elastomer, the short-chain crosslinking agent is selected from hexylene glycol diacrylate (HDDA), neopentyl glycol diacrylate (PNPDA) or polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA).

[0013] Specifically, in the above-mentioned acrylic ester dielectric elastomer, the polyurethane diacrylate is selected from CN9021NS, CN9893NS or CN9014NS, preferably CN9021NS.

[0014] Specifically, in the above-mentioned acrylic dielectric elastomer, the photoinitiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, benzophenone (BP), or a combination of benzophenone (BP) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA). A combination of benzophenone (BP) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) is preferred. The combination of BP and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) is preferably in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0015] Specifically, in the acrylic ester-based dielectric elastomer, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, the molar ratio of butyl acrylate to acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate is 60-90%:10-40%. Preferably, the ratio is 85%:15%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, or 60%:40%. More preferably, the ratio is 80%:20%.

[0016] Specifically, in the acrylic dielectric elastomer, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile, the molar ratio of butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile is 30-50%: 30-50%: 20%. Preferably, the ratio is 32%: 48%: 20%, 40%: 40%: 20%, or 48%: 32%: 20%. More preferably, the ratio is 40%: 40%: 20%.

[0017] Specifically, in the acrylic ester-based dielectric elastomer, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, the molar ratio of butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate is 35-45%: 35-45%: 10-30%. Preferably, the ratio is 45%: 45%: 10%, 40%: 40%: 20%, or 35%: 35%: 30%. More preferably, the ratio is 40%: 40%: 20%.

[0018] Specifically, in the acrylic dielectric elastomer, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, the molar ratio of butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate is 40%: 40%: 5-15%: 5-15%. Preferably, the ratio is 40%: 40%: 6%: 14%, or 40%: 40%: 8%: 12%. More preferably, the ratio is 40%: 40%: 8%: 12%.

[0019] Preferably, in the above-mentioned acrylic dielectric elastomer, the amount of the photoinitiator added is 0.5-2 wt % of the precursor solution, which is the sum of the monomers, the crosslinking agent and the photoinitiator, preferably 1 wt %.

[0020] Preferably, in the above-mentioned acrylic dielectric elastomer, the crosslinking agent is added in an amount such that the crosslinking density reaches 0.26%.

[0021] This invention uses butyl acrylate as a raw material, introduces strongly polar groups such as cyano and / or fluorine into its side chains, and further adds tert-butyl acrylate to adjust the viscoelasticity, thereby producing a high-dielectric-constant butyl acrylate dielectric elastomer. This invention employs random copolymerization for crosslinking, avoiding the problem of filler agglomeration caused by blending to increase the dielectric constant, as well as the problem of reducing the material modulus or film thickness to increase the dielectric constant, which can lead to a decrease in other material properties. The acrylate dielectric elastomer of this invention has an elastic modulus of 0.075-0.153 MPa, an elongation at break of 1566%-1775%, and a dielectric constant of 7.48-11.8, making it suitable for use as a functional material. Preferred products of this invention exhibit an even better dielectric constant (11.8 @ 1 kHz) and a lower Young's modulus (0.081 MPa). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Stress-strain curves of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3;

[0023] Figure 2 Frequency dependence of dielectric constant of samples of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3;

[0024] Figure 3 Frequency dependence of dielectric constant of samples in Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3;

[0025] Figure 4 Frequency dependence of dielectric constant of samples in Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3;

[0026] Figure 5 Drive test of samples of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3;

[0027] Figure 6 Driving performance test of samples of Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3;

[0028] Figure 7 FT-IR analysis spectrum of the sample of Example 1;

[0029] Figure 8 Actual pictures of the samples, a is the sample in Example 1 placed above the scale and font, b is the landscape picture without the sample, and c is the landscape picture through the sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a novel high-dielectric-constant acrylate dielectric elastomer, which is obtained by curing butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and / or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinking agent under a photoinitiator.

[0031] In the present invention, tert-butyl acrylate or other short-chain crosslinking agents may be added as monomers to adjust the viscosity and modulus of the polymer. The short-chain crosslinking agent may be selected from hexylene glycol diacrylate (HDDA), neopentyl glycol diacrylate (PNPDA), or polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA).

[0032] In the present invention, the polyurethane diacrylate is selected from CN9021NS (number average molecular weight of 28,000 g / mol), CN9893NS (number average molecular weight of 1,600 g / mol) or CN9014NS (number average molecular weight of 6,800 g / mol).

[0033] In the present invention, the photoinitiator is selected from 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, benzophenone (BP), or a combination of benzophenone (BP) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA). Preferably, a combination of benzophenone (BP) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) in a 1:1 mass ratio is used to ensure sufficient film curing.

[0034] In the present invention, the structural formula of butyl acrylate is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Butyl acrylate.

[0037] In the present invention, the acrylonitrile structural formula is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Acrylonitrile.

[0040] In the present invention, the structural formula of the 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyl acrylate.

[0043] In the present invention, the structural formula of CN9021NS is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] CN9021NS

[0046] Wherein: R1 = polyol, R2 = isocyanate. Preferably, CN9021NS produced by Sartomer is used.

[0047] In the present invention, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, the molar percentages are 60-90% butyl acrylate and 10-40% acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. Preferably, the molar percentages are 85% butyl acrylate and 15% acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The molar percentages are 80% butyl acrylate and 20% acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The molar percentages are 70% butyl acrylate and 30% acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The molar percentages are 60% butyl acrylate and 40% acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. More preferably, the content of butyl acrylate is 80% and the content of acrylonitrile or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate is 20%. The prepared acrylic polymer has a higher dielectric constant and a lower elastic modulus.

[0048] In the present invention, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile, in molar percentage, butyl acrylate 30-50%, tert-butyl acrylate 30-50%, and acrylonitrile 20%. Preferably, butyl acrylate 32%, tert-butyl acrylate 48%, and acrylonitrile 20%. Butyl acrylate 40%, tert-butyl acrylate 40%, and acrylonitrile 20%. Butyl acrylate 48%, tert-butyl acrylate 32%, and acrylonitrile 20%. More preferably, butyl acrylate 40%, tert-butyl acrylate 40%, and acrylonitrile 20% are controlled, and the prepared acrylic ester polymer also has a lower elastic modulus while having a higher dielectric constant.

[0049] In the present invention, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, the molar percentages are: 35-45% butyl acrylate, 35-45% tert-butyl acrylate, and 10-30% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. Preferably, the molar percentages are: 45% butyl acrylate, 45% tert-butyl acrylate, and 10% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The molar percentages are: 40% butyl acrylate, 40% tert-butyl acrylate, and 20% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The molar percentages are: 35% butyl acrylate, 35% tert-butyl acrylate, and 30% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. It is more preferred to control 40% butyl acrylate, 40% tert-butyl acrylate, and 20% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The prepared acrylic polymer has a higher dielectric constant and a lower elastic modulus.

[0050] In the present invention, when the monomer raw materials are butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, the molar percentage is 40% butyl acrylate, 40% tert-butyl acrylate, 5-15% acrylonitrile, and 5-15% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. Preferably, the molar percentage is 40% butyl acrylate, 40% tert-butyl acrylate, 6% acrylonitrile, and 14% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. More preferably, the molar percentage is 40% butyl acrylate, 40% tert-butyl acrylate, 8% acrylonitrile, and 12% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The prepared acrylic polymer has a higher dielectric constant and a lower elastic modulus.

[0051] In the present invention, the above-mentioned monomer raw materials, photoinitiator and cross-linking agent are added in proportion and then cured by conventional methods in the art to obtain the acrylic dielectric elastomer.

[0052] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below.

[0053] In the examples, CN9021NS was purchased from Sartomer, butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and benzophenone were purchased from Aladdin, acrylonitrile and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate were purchased from MacLean Reagent, and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] Weigh 3.5g of CN9021NS with an analytical balance and calculate the total molar amount of the comonomer using a crosslink density of 0.26% (referring to the ratio of the number of double bond functional groups of the crosslinker to the total number of double bond functional groups of the comonomer. The crosslinker CN9021NS is bifunctional, and the total molar amount of the comonomer is calculated as the ratio of twice the molar amount of the crosslinker to the crosslink density. The amount of crosslinker substance: 3.5 / 28000=0.000125mol, CN9021NS is bifunctional: 0.000125*2=0.00025mol, the total molar amount of the comonomer: 0.00025 / 0.26%=0.09615mol). Weigh 85% molar amount of butyl acrylate, 15% molar amount of acrylonitrile (PBA 0.85 -AN 0.15 ), then add 1% each of benzophenone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as photoinitiators. The solutions were mixed in a beaker and stirred at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to prepare the precursor solution.

[0056] After vacuum degassing the precursor solution for 15 minutes, an appropriate amount was deposited onto an optical glass slide. The thickness of the resulting polymer film was determined using spacers, and a coverslip was placed over the solution. The solution was then cured under a 250W UV light source at a wavelength of 480nm for 20 minutes. The resulting sample was then cured in a 40°C vacuum oven for 24 hours to remove any residual monomers. After demolding, a high-k dielectric elastomer with acrylic acid was obtained.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that 80% (70%, 60%) of the total molar amount of butyl acrylate and 20% (30%, 40%) of the total molar amount of acrylonitrile (PBA 0.8 -AN 0.2 ). The curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Weigh 3.5g of CN9021NS using an analytical balance and calculate the total molar amount of comonomers, assuming a crosslink density of 0.26%. Weigh 32% butyl acrylate, 48% tert-butyl acrylate, and 20% acrylonitrile. Add 1% each of benzophenone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as photoinitiators. Combine the solutions in a beaker and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to prepare the precursor solution. Curing conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that 40% (48%) of the total mol amount of butyl acrylate, 40% (32%) of the total mol amount of tert-butyl acrylate, and 20% of the total mol amount of acrylonitrile are weighed. The curing conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] Weigh 1.765g of CN9021NS using an analytical balance and calculate the total molar amount of comonomers, assuming a crosslink density of 0.26%. Weigh 45% butyl acrylate, 45% tert-butyl acrylate, and 10% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. Add 1% each of benzophenone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as photoinitiators. Combine the solutions in a beaker and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to prepare the precursor solution. Curing conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] Compared to Example 5, the difference is that 40% (35%) of the total molar amount of butyl acrylate, 40% (35%) of the total molar amount of tert-butyl acrylate, and 20% (30%) of the total molar amount of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate are weighed. The curing conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] Weigh 1.765g of CN9021NS using an analytical balance and calculate the total molar amount of comonomers, assuming a crosslink density of 0.26%. Weigh 40% butyl acrylate, 40% tert-butyl acrylate, 6% acrylonitrile, and 14% 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. Add 1% each of benzophenone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as photoinitiators. Combine the solutions in a beaker and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to prepare the precursor solution. Curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] Compared with Example 7, the difference is that 8 mol% of the total amount of acrylonitrile and 12 mol% of the total amount of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate are weighed in. The curing conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the monomer is only butyl acrylate, there is no comonomer, and the crosslinking density is still 0.26%. The curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] Compared with Example 5, the difference is that the monomers are butyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate, the crosslinking density is still 0.26%, and the curing conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 3

[0076] This comparative example is VHB4910 commercial adhesive tape purchased from 3M Company of the United States.

[0077] Dielectric properties test: measured using a Keysight E4980AL impedance analyzer. The sample thickness was 1 mm and the electrode was a circular shape with a diameter of 10 mm.

[0078] Mechanical Properties: A universal testing machine (TestStar ETM102B) from WanCe Corporation was used to measure stress-strain curves, from which Young's modulus was determined. Samples were fabricated into dumbbell-shaped specimens according to ISO 37-2005.

[0079] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the PBA-AN (Examples 1 and 2) series has relatively excellent elongation at break and relatively satisfactory tensile strength, which can meet the pre-tensile test of the sample.

[0080] The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of each sample in Examples 1 and 2 were measured at 50 KHz and are shown in Table 1 below.

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] As can be seen from Table 1 above, the dielectric constants of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention are significantly improved compared to those of the comparative example, thereby proving that the acrylic dielectric elastomer of the present invention has a high dielectric constant.

[0084] from Figure 3 It can be seen that the dielectric constants of the samples of Examples 5 and 6 of the present invention are significantly improved compared to the commercial VHB4910 and the sample of Comparative Example 2. This shows that the present invention improves the problem of low dielectric constant of acrylic dielectric elastomers and is significantly helpful in improving the driving performance of acrylic dielectric elastomers.

[0085] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the samples of Examples 7 and 8 significantly help improve the dielectric constant of acrylic dielectric elastomers, solving the problem of low dielectric constant of acrylic dielectric elastomers. In addition, compared with the sample in Example 6, the dielectric constant of the sample is significantly improved after the introduction of acrylonitrile.

[0086] from Figure 5It can be seen that under the same electric field strength, the PBA-AN series has better driving ability than VHB4910 and PBA, which proves that the present invention can solve the problem of low dielectric constant and high driving voltage required for acrylic dielectric elastomers.

[0087] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the addition of tert-butyl acrylate and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate appropriately increased the elastic modulus of the sample, resulting in a significant improvement in breakdown voltage. Furthermore, the driving capability of the sample was significantly improved compared to both commercial VHB4910 and Comparative Example 2. This demonstrates that Examples 5 and 6 address the issues of poor driving performance and high driving voltage associated with acrylic-based dielectric elastomers.

[0088] Figure 8 The following are images of actual samples: (a) shows the sample placed above the scale and font in Example 1; (b) shows the scenery without the sample; and (c) shows the scenery through the sample. The images above show that the PBA-AN series has good transparency.

Claims

1. An acrylic dielectric elastomer, characterized in that: The acrylic dielectric elastomer is obtained by curing with butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinking agent under a photoinitiator; wherein, in terms of molar percentage, butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile = 60-90%: 10-40%; the crosslinking agent is added in an amount such that the crosslinking density reaches 0.26%; the polyurethane diacrylate is CN9021NS.

2. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 1, wherein: Butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile = 85%: 15%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30% or 60%: 40%.

3. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 2, wherein: Butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile = 80%: 20%.

4. An acrylic dielectric elastomer, characterized in that: The acrylic dielectric elastomer is obtained by using butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinking agent and curing under a photoinitiator; wherein, in terms of molar percentage, butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile = 30-50%: 30-50%: 20%.

5. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 4, wherein: Butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile = 32%: 48%: 20%, 40%: 40%: 20% or 48%: 32%: 20%.

6. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 5, wherein: Butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile = 40%: 40%: 20%.

7. An acrylic dielectric elastomer, characterized in that: The acrylate dielectric elastomer is obtained by using butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinking agent, and curing under a photoinitiator. The acrylate dielectric elastomer comprises the following components in molar percentages: butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate = 35-45%: 35-45%: 10-30%.

8. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 7, wherein: Butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate = 45%: 45%: 10%, 40%: 40%: 20% or 35%: 35%: 30%.

9. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 8, wherein: Butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate = 40%: 40%: 20%.

10. An acrylic dielectric elastomer, characterized in that: The acrylic dielectric elastomer is obtained by using butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate as monomers and polyurethane diacrylate as a crosslinking agent, and curing under a photoinitiator. The molar percentage of the acrylate dielectric elastomer is 40%: 40%: 5-15%: 5-15%.

11. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 10, wherein: Butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate = 40%: 40%: 6%: 14% or 40%: 40%: 8%: 12%.

12. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 11, wherein: Butyl acrylate: tert-butyl acrylate: acrylonitrile: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate = 40%: 40%: 8%: 12%.

13. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: A short chain cross-linker is also added.

14. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 13, wherein: The short-chain crosslinking agent is selected from hexylene glycol diacrylate or neopentyl glycol diacrylate.

15. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to any one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that: The polyurethane diacrylate is selected from CN9021NS, CN9893NS or CN9014NS.

16. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 15, wherein: The polyurethane diacrylate is CN9021NS.

17. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The photoinitiator is selected from 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, benzophenone, or a combination of benzophenone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone.

18. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 17, wherein: The photoinitiator is a combination of benzophenone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone.

19. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The amount of the photoinitiator added is 0.5-2 wt % of the precursor solution, and the precursor solution is the sum of the monomers, the crosslinking agent and the photoinitiator.

20. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to claim 19, wherein: The amount of the photoinitiator added is 1 wt % of the precursor solution.

21. The acrylic dielectric elastomer according to any one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is added in an amount such that the cross-linking density is 0.26%.

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