A vegetation concrete slope protection structure suitable for high and steep slopes and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes and its construction method, which relates to the technical field of high-steep slope greening and protection. The vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes includes a vegetation concrete layer, a protection net and a drainage ditch; the vegetation concrete layer includes vegetation concrete precast bricks; the vegetation concrete precast bricks are used for planting slope plants; the protection net is laid on the surface of the vegetation concrete layer for strengthening the vegetation concrete layer; the drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the high-steep slope for intercepting and draining water and supporting the vegetation concrete layer. The slope protection structure provided by the technical solution of the present invention can not only stabilize high-steep slopes, prevent soil erosion, but also improve the ecological environment of slopes through the growth of plants, and can be used to solve the problem that the existing vegetation concrete slope protection structures of high-steep slopes are not conducive to the growth and development of plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high and steep slope greening and protection, and in particular to a vegetation concrete slope protection structure suitable for high and steep slopes and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of slope protection, ecological restoration of steep slopes has always been a key and difficult issue in engineering practice. Traditional slope protection methods, such as concrete retaining walls, anti-slide piles, and shotcrete support, although they provide stability to a certain extent, often ignore the importance of ecological restoration and environmental protection. These traditional slope protection methods sometimes even damage the ecological environment of the slope. In recent years, with people's increasing attention to the ecological environment and sustainable development, traditional slope protection methods can no longer meet the needs of modern society.

[0003] Vegetation concrete slope protection technology is a slope protection method that combines bioengineering and geological disaster control engineering. It promotes plant germination and growth by adding plant seeds, organic matter and other nutrients to concrete, thereby achieving a perfect combination of slope protection and ecological restoration. It is an eco-friendly and sustainable slope protection technology. At present, the existing vegetated concrete slope protection technology has been used to a certain extent on slopes with gentle or medium slopes, but it is still less used on steep slopes. The main reason is the limitations of construction technology and the lack of adaptability to the steep slope environment. For example, how to ensure the adhesion and stability of concrete on steep slopes, how to promote plant germination and growth while ensuring structural strength, and how to ensure the safety and efficiency of construction in harsh construction environments are all problems that need to be solved. In addition, the vegetated concrete slope protection structure of steep slopes also needs to take into account factors such as soil and water conservation, environmental erosion and long-term maintenance.

[0004] Therefore, the existing vegetation concrete slope protection structure of high and steep slopes is not conducive to the growth and development of plants. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetation concrete slope protection structure suitable for high and steep slopes and a construction method thereof, aiming to solve the problem that the existing vegetation concrete slope protection structure for high and steep slopes is not conducive to plant growth and development.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a vegetation concrete slope protection structure suitable for high and steep slopes, comprising:

[0007] The vegetation concrete layer includes precast vegetation concrete bricks, which are laid on the surface of the high and steep slope; the precast vegetation concrete bricks are provided with a gap structure for planting slope plants;

[0008] A protective net, comprising an anchoring device, a supporting net, a steel rope net and a suture rope, wherein the anchoring device comprises an anchor rod and an exposed ring sleeve of the anchor rod; the anchor rod is anchored in the high and steep slope to fix the supporting net; the supporting net comprises a transverse supporting rope and a longitudinal supporting rope, the transverse supporting rope and the longitudinal supporting rope are respectively passed through the exposed ring sleeve of the anchor rod and stretched into a mesh structure to support the steel rope net; the supporting net and the steel rope net are fixedly connected by the suture rope; the steel rope net is laid on the surface of the vegetation concrete layer to reinforce the vegetation concrete layer; and,

[0009] A drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the high and steep slope and is used for intercepting and draining water and supporting the vegetation concrete layer.

[0010] In one embodiment, the protective net includes a rope clip for fixing the supporting net to the exposed ring of the anchor rod.

[0011] In one embodiment, the vegetation concrete layer includes a precast brick unit formed by paving the vegetation concrete precast bricks, and a groove is provided between the precast brick unit and adjacent precast brick units, and the groove is used to install the anchor rod and the support net.

[0012] In one embodiment, a pre-buried pipe is provided in the precast vegetation concrete brick, and a steel wire rope is passed through the pre-buried pipe. The steel wire rope is used to pass through the precast vegetation concrete brick and be connected to the support net.

[0013] In one embodiment, at least one embedded pipe is disposed in each of the precast vegetation concrete bricks.

[0014] In one embodiment, the precast vegetation concrete brick is a cube or a cuboid, and the length of the precast vegetation concrete brick is 30 to 45 cm, the width is 30 to 45 cm, and the height is 10 to 15 cm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the precast green concrete bricks include cement particles, a viscosity enhancer, fibers, and nutrients.

[0016] In one embodiment, the cement particles have a diameter of 1 to 2 cm; and / or,

[0017] The cement particles are prepared from water and cement in a mass ratio of (0.25-0.27):1.

[0018] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the cement particles, the viscosity enhancer, the fiber and the nutrient is (70% to 75%): (0.5% to 1%): (1.5% to 2%): (25% to 30%); and / or,

[0019] The tackifier includes any one of mortar glue, polyacrylamide, and hydroxyethyl cellulose ether; and / or,

[0020] The fiber includes any one of polypropylene fiber, wood fiber, and glass fiber.

[0021] The present invention provides a construction method for a vegetative concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0022] (1) Construction preparation: Collect the survey data, design data, climate, surrounding spoil conditions, and transportation conditions of the slope;

[0023] (2) Slope cleaning: According to the slope form, remove the dangerous rocks, loose rocks, floating roots of plants, weeds, and garbage on the slope, and perform slope shaping on the slope;

[0024] (3) Preparation of vegetative concrete precast bricks: Pour cement and the tackifier into a mixer for mixing, add water during the mixing process, granulate the mixed cement mixture, and after granulation, put the cement particles, fibers, and nutrient agent into a mold for forming;

[0025] (4) Anchor installation: Drill holes according to the design standard, insert the anchor after the holes are formed, and fix the anchor;

[0026] (5) Excavate and construct the bottom beam drainage ditch;

[0027] (6) Installation of the support net: Install the horizontal and vertical support ropes, and after tensioning, fix and connect them to the exposed loop of the anchor with rope clamps;

[0028] (7) Laying of vegetative concrete precast bricks: Lay and install the vegetative concrete precast bricks in a horizontal layered manner from bottom to top, and connect and fix the vegetative concrete precast bricks to the support ropes with steel wires;

[0029] (8) Laying of the steel wire mesh: Lay the steel wire mesh on the paving layer of the vegetative concrete precast bricks, and fix the steel wire mesh to the support net with sewing ropes;

[0030] (9) Plant seeding: Mix the seeds, pre-cultivated soil covering, water-retaining agent, binder, and water, and use a hydroseeder for seeding; after seeding, cover a layer of moisture-preserving material on the surface of the protective net;

[0031] (10) Maintenance management and growth monitoring.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention provides a vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes and its construction method. The vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes includes a vegetation concrete layer, a protection net, and a drainage ditch. Using precast vegetation concrete bricks instead of the conventional vegetation concrete spraying process, the precast vegetation concrete bricks provide a good base for the growth and development of plant seeds, are also convenient for factory prefabrication and standardized production, reduce the construction difficulty, save the corresponding time and labor costs, and solve the problem that the direct spraying of vegetation concrete on the slope surface is prone to caking and is not conducive to the growth and development of plants. Therefore, the slope protection structure provided by the technical solution of the present invention can not only stabilize high and steep slopes, prevent soil erosion, but also improve the ecological environment of the slope through the growth of plants, achieving the dual effects of solidifying high and steep slopes and ecological revegetation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the slope protection structure in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the protection net in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 For Figure 1 the partial enlarged view at A in

[0037] Figure 4 For Figure 1 the partial enlarged view at C in

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic installation diagram of the support net in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 For Figure 1 the front view at B in

[0040] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the embedded pipe in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the steel wire rope in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 Physical diagram of the vegetation concrete precast brick in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 Installation schematic diagram of the steel wire mesh in an embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes of the present invention.

[0044] Explanation of the attached drawing reference numerals:

[0045] 100, Vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes; 1, Vegetation concrete layer; 11, Vegetation concrete precast brick; 12, Embedded pipe; 13, Steel wire rope; 2, Protection net; 21, Anchoring device; 22, Support net; 23, Steel wire mesh; 24, Sewing rope; 25, Wire clip; 3, Drainage ditch.

[0046] The realization, functional features and advantages of the object of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) involved in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0049] In addition, if the embodiments of the present invention involve descriptions such as "first" and "second", the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears throughout the text, its meaning includes three parallel scenarios. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes Scenario A, or Scenario B, or the scenario where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or inability to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0050] The vegetative concrete slope protection technology is a slope protection method that combines bioengineering and geological disaster control engineering. It promotes the germination and growth of plants by adding plant seeds, organic matter, and other nutrients to the concrete, thus achieving a perfect combination of slope protection and ecological restoration. It is an ecological-friendly and sustainable slope protection technology.

[0051] Currently, the existing vegetative concrete slope protection technology has been applied to a certain extent on gentle or moderately sloped slopes, but its application on high and steep slopes is still relatively rare. The particularity of high and steep slopes lies in their large slope, complex geological conditions, fragile ecological environment, and high construction difficulty. These characteristics pose more stringent requirements for the design and construction methods of the vegetative concrete slope protection structure. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop a vegetative concrete slope protection structure and construction method applicable to high and steep slopes.

[0052] The present invention proposes a vegetative concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes.

[0053] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the vegetative concrete slope protection structure 100 applicable to high and steep slopes includes:

[0054] A vegetative concrete layer 1, including vegetative concrete precast bricks 11, and the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 are laid on the surface of the high and steep slope; the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 are provided with void structures for planting slope plants;

[0055] The protection net 2 includes an anchoring device 21, a support net 22, a steel wire mesh 23 and a stitching rope 24. Among them, the anchoring device 21 includes an anchor rod and an exposed sleeve of the anchor rod; the anchor rod is anchored in the high-steep slope to fix the support net 22; the support net 22 includes a transverse support rope and a longitudinal support rope, and the transverse support rope and the longitudinal support rope are respectively passed through the exposed sleeve of the anchor rod and pulled into a mesh structure to support the steel wire mesh 23; the support net 22 and the steel wire mesh 23 are fixedly connected by the stitching rope 24; the steel wire mesh 23 is laid on the surface of the vegetative concrete layer 1 for strengthening the vegetative concrete layer 1; and,

[0056] The drainage ditch 3 is arranged at the bottom of the high-steep slope for intercepting and draining water and supporting the vegetative concrete layer 1.

[0057] The vegetative concrete slope protection structure 100 applicable to high-steep slopes provided by the technical solution of the present invention is provided with a vegetative concrete layer 1, a protection net 2 and a drainage ditch 3. The vegetative concrete layer 1 is laid by vegetative concrete precast bricks 11. Since the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 are provided with void structures inside or on the surface, when seeds are sprayed, the seeds can enter the gaps, voids, micropores in the body structure of the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11, the gaps between the bricks, and adhere to the rough and uneven brick surfaces. And the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 also contain nutrient components. Therefore, the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 provide a good base for the growth and development of plant seeds, which is beneficial to promoting the germination and growth of plants; the protection net 2 provides support and protection functions, can enhance the integrity of the vegetative concrete layer 1 and the slope body, prevent the vegetative concrete layer 1 from falling off the slope surface, and avoid phenomena such as hillside collapse and weathering and spalling; the drainage ditch 3 is arranged at the bottom of the slope. On the one hand, it serves as a bottom beam for the slope protection to support the vegetative concrete layer 1, and on the other hand, it collects and drains the water flow on the slope surface in time, playing a role in intercepting and draining water. The vegetative concrete slope protection structure 100 provided by the present invention has good adhesion ability, stability and structural strength. It can not only stabilize high-steep slopes, prevent soil erosion, but also improve the ecological environment of the slopes through the growth of plants, achieving the dual effects of solidifying high-steep slopes and ecological revegetation.

[0058] In addition, using the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 to replace the conventional vegetative concrete spraying process is convenient for factory prefabrication and standardized production, reduces the construction difficulty, saves the corresponding time and labor costs, and also avoids the problem that the vegetative concrete is easily caked when directly sprayed on the slope surface. The size and shape of the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11 in the technical solution of the present invention can be designed according to needs to adapt to different high-steep slope conditions, reduce the skill requirements for construction personnel, and also reduce the construction risk.

[0059] It should be noted that after installing the anchor bolts, when fixing the support net 22 to the anchor bolts, the support net 22 needs to be pre-tensioned for the first time; when stitching and connecting the steel wire mesh 23 and the support net 22 with the stitching rope 24, the second pre-tensioning is required. This pre-tensioning process enables the system to apply a certain normal pre-tightening pressure to the slope surface, enhancing stability and strength.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 4 , in the embodiment of the present invention, the drainage ditch 3 is made of reinforced concrete structure, arranged at the toe of the slope of the vegetative concrete layer, with a burial depth of not less than 30 cm. The top surface of the drainage ditch 3 is not less than 5 cm higher than the ground in front of the ditch, and the foundation soil at the bottom of the ditch should be tamped to meet the bearing capacity requirements. It adopts a trapezoidal cross-section, with the side wall of the ditch standing upright and the back wall of the ditch set according to the slope of the slope, so that the vegetative concrete precast brick 11 can be directly seated on the drainage ditch 3. The width and depth of the ditch are determined according to the catchment area and flow rate of the slope surface, both not less than 200 mm. The concrete strength grade is 30, and the steel bars adopt Φ10 deformed steel bars.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 5 , in the embodiment of the present invention, the protection net 2 includes rope clamps 25 for fixing the support net 22 to the exposed ring sleeve of the anchor bolt. The support net 22 passes through the exposed ring sleeve of the anchor bolt and is fixed by a plurality of rope clamps 25. The technical solution of the present invention does not specifically limit the specifications and numbers of the rope clamps 25, as long as it can achieve fixing the support net 22 to the exposed ring sleeve of the anchor bolt. In an embodiment of the present invention, DIN741 steel wire rope clamps with a diameter of Φ16 are selected as the rope clamps, and the rope clamps are respectively arranged at each anchor bolt and the end of the support rope.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 2 , in the embodiment of the present invention, the vegetative concrete layer 1 includes precast brick units laid by the vegetative concrete precast bricks 11, and grooves are provided between adjacent precast brick units for installing the anchor bolts and the support net 22. Please refer to Figure 3 , before positioning and drilling holes in the slope body, anchor bolt hole grooves are reserved in the slope body, and the anchor bolts are inserted into the slope body through the anchor bolt hole grooves for fixation. According to the situation of the slope body, the size of the precast brick units is set by comprehensively considering the strength of the slope body and the planting density. Considering that the positions for installing the anchor bolts and the support net 22 are not conducive to plant growth, grooves are provided between adjacent precast brick units for installing the anchor bolts and the support net.

[0063] Please refer to Figures 6 to 8, in an embodiment of the present invention, a pre-buried pipe 12 is provided inside the vegetation concrete precast brick 11, and a steel wire rope 13 is threaded through the pre-buried pipe 12. The steel wire rope 13 is used to pass through the vegetation concrete precast brick 11 and connect to the support net 22. By arranging the pre-buried pipe 12 and the steel wire rope 13 inside the vegetation concrete precast brick 11, the steel wire rope 13 can fix the vegetation concrete precast brick 11 through the pre-buried pipe 12, thereby improving the overall stability of the slope protection structure and preventing sudden and overall landslides.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , in an embodiment of the present invention, at least 1 pre-buried pipe 12 is provided inside each vegetation concrete precast brick 11. It should be noted that the position of the pre-buried pipe 12 can be set horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically, and the number of pre-buried pipes 12 can be 1 or more, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention. As the number of pre-buried pipes increases, the construction difficulty and cost also increase. In an embodiment of the present invention, considering strength, structural stability, and cost comprehensively, 1 horizontal pre-buried pipe 12 is selected to be arranged inside each vegetation concrete precast brick 11.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation concrete precast brick 11 is a cube or a cuboid, and the length of the vegetation concrete precast brick 11 is 30 - 45 cm, the width is 30 - 45 cm, and the height is 10 - 15 cm. The design of the length, width, and height is considered comprehensively to ensure the overall stability after slope protection (no local bricks protrude and fall), local stability (the bricks will not be crushed and cracked due to pressure), convenient transportation, and easy construction (convenient for internal embedding of reserved holes). If the size is too thick and too large, the weight of the brick body is relatively large, which will cause local bricks, especially those at the bottom, to be crushed or damaged; if the size is too thin and too small, it is not convenient to lay on the slope surface and not convenient for plants to take root and grow. During construction, for slopes with a relatively steep gradient (more than 65 degrees), the vegetation concrete precast brick 11 can be appropriately thickened and the single area can be reduced; for slopes with a relatively gentle gradient (less than 65 degrees), the brick body can be appropriately thinned and the area of a single plane can be increased. In an embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation concrete precast brick 11 is selected to be prepared into a cuboid with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 100 mm.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, the vegetative concrete precast brick comprises cement particles, a thickening agent, fibers, and a nutrient agent. Adding a certain amount of thickening agent to the cement mortar can improve the viscosity and water retention of the cement paste; adding fibers can enhance the strength and durability of the vegetative concrete precast brick; the nutrient agent is mainly composed of inorganic materials, added with organic matter beneficial to plant growth, rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and then rapidly solidified to form a granular material with a particle size of 1 - 2 cm and a honeycomb hole structure inside. It can slowly release nutrients within 5 years. Due to the relatively high material strength of the nutrient agent, it can withstand long-term immersion and scouring by water flow, and the material itself contains nutrients available for plant growth, can also store sufficient water and nutrients, and has a porous structure, so it is beneficial for plant roots to penetrate and absorb nutrients and water. The performance parameters of the nutrient agent are shown in Table 1 below.

[0067] Table 1 Performance Parameters of the Nutrient Agent

[0068]

[0069] In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the cement particles is 1 - 2 cm. The particle size affects the porosity, and thus affects the space for plant growth and rooting; secondly, the particle size affects the compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability of the brick. During construction, for slopes with a relatively steep gradient (more than 65 degrees), the particle size of the cement particles will be appropriately reduced, and for slopes with a relatively gentle gradient (less than 65 degrees), the particle size of the cement particles will be appropriately increased. In an embodiment of the present invention, when preparing the vegetative concrete precast brick, the size of the cement particles is set to 1.5 cm.

[0070] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cement particles are prepared from water and cement at a mass ratio of (0.25 - 0.27):1. Setting the water-cement ratio within the above range is beneficial for the prepared cement particles to have relatively high strength, density, and durability. The cement used is Ezhou Junfeng brand P.O.42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and its chemical composition and physical and mechanical property indexes are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The water is ordinary tap water.

[0071] Table 2 Chemical Composition of P.O.42.5 Cement

[0072] Inspection index <![CDATA[SiO2 / %]]> CaO / % Loss on ignition / % <![CDATA[Fe2O3 / %]]> <![CDATA[Al2O3 / %]]> MgO / % <![CDATA[SO3 / %]]> Others / % Test result 20.51 57.72 1.05 3.92 5.9 1.4 2.54 6.92

[0073] Table 3 Physical and Mechanical Properties of P.O.42.5 Cement

[0074]

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the cement particles, tackifier, fiber, and nutrient is (70% - 75%): (0.5% - 1%): (1.5% - 2%): (25% - 30%). Setting the mass ratio of the cement particles, tackifier, fiber, and nutrient within the above range can, on the premise of meeting the strength requirements and durability requirements for slope protection and greening of bricks on slopes, enable the prepared vegetative concrete precast bricks to have good water retention performance, porosity, and a relatively low acid-base environment, while also providing nutrients for plants in the long term and providing a suitable growth environment for plants.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, the tackifier includes any one of mortar glue, polyacrylamide, and hydroxyethyl cellulose ether. In an embodiment of the present invention, the selected tackifier is the strong mortar glue of Guangdong Desini Building Materials Co., Ltd.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fiber includes any one of polypropylene fiber, wood fiber, and glass fiber. In an embodiment of the present invention, the selected fiber is the polypropylene fiber with a length of 20 mm and a diameter of 1.5 mm produced by Changsha Ningxiang, and the performance parameters are shown in Table 4 below.

[0078] Table 4 Performance Parameters of Polypropylene Fiber

[0079] Inspection index L / mm d / m <![CDATA[ρ / g·cm -3 > <![CDATA[f t / MPa]]> E / GPa T 10、16、20 0.15 0.91 750 8 P 40 0.6 0.91 650 7

[0080] The present invention provides a construction method for the vegetative concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes, including the following steps:

[0081] (1) Construction preparation: Collect the survey data, design data, climate, surrounding waste soil conditions, and transportation conditions of the slope;

[0082] (2) Slope cleaning: According to the slope shape, remove the dangerous rocks, floating stones, floating roots of plants, weeds, and garbage on the slope, and perform slope shaping on the slope;

[0083] (3) Preparation of vegetative concrete precast bricks: Pour the cement and tackifier into a mixer for mixing, add water during the mixing process, granulate the mixed cement mixture, and after granulation, put the cement particles, fiber, and nutrient into a mold for forming;

[0084] (4) Anchor installation: Drill holes according to the design standard, insert the anchor after the hole is formed, and fix the anchor;

[0085] (5) Excavation and construction of the bottom beam drainage ditch;

[0086] (6) Installation of the support net: Install the horizontal and vertical support ropes, and after tensioning, fix them to the exposed loop of the anchor with rope clamps;

[0087] (7) Laying of precast vegetation concrete bricks: The precast vegetation concrete bricks are laid and installed in a horizontal layered manner from bottom to top, and the precast vegetation concrete bricks are connected and fixed to the support ropes with steel wires;

[0088] (8) Laying of steel wire mesh: The steel wire mesh is laid on the paving layer of the precast vegetation concrete bricks, and the steel wire mesh is fixed to the support mesh with sewing ropes;

[0089] (9) Plant seeding: After mixing seeds, soil covering for pre-cultivation, water retaining agent, binder and water, use a hydroseeder for seeding; after seeding, a layer of moisture-preserving material is covered on the surface of the protective net;

[0090] (10) Maintenance management and growth monitoring.

[0091] The construction method provided by the technical solution of the present invention does not spray vegetation concrete on the entire high-steep slope surface, but uses precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 for laying, which is convenient for factory prefabrication and standardized production, reduces the construction difficulty, saves the corresponding time and labor costs, and also avoids the problem that the vegetation concrete is easily caked when directly sprayed on the slope surface. In addition, since the size and shape of the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 in the technical solution of the present invention can be designed according to the needs of different high-steep slopes to adapt to different high-steep slope conditions, the application range is wide, the skill requirements for construction personnel are reduced, and the construction risk is also reduced.

[0092] It should be noted that when performing step (9), first calculate the seeding rate according to the expected number of surviving plants per square meter, seed purity, germination rate, seeding loss rate, etc., and then adopt the idea of combining grass and shrubs to reasonably arrange the vegetation density. The seeding varieties include Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev, Elymus dahuricus Turcz., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Ophiopogon japonicus (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl., and Robinia pseudoacacia L. After seeding, a layer of non-woven fabric or other moisture-preserving materials is covered on the surface of the active protection net for sun protection and moisture preservation, which is beneficial to creating a rapid germination environment for seeds.

[0093] It should be noted that when performing step (10), the water consumption for spray watering is adjusted according to the watering method. Usually, the water consumption for thoroughly watering a single brick at one time is about 1.5 L. If micro-spray irrigation or drip irrigation with a smaller irrigation water loss coefficient is used, the amount can be appropriately reduced. Whether maintenance is required depends on keeping the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 in a moist state during the survival period, and the watering amount during the growth period and management period is based on keeping the plants without wilting. The survival period is generally 15 days - 20 days, and the growth period is limited by the initial turf formation of the plants covering the high-steep slope (about 60 days).

[0094] In the embodiment of the present invention, the steps of growth monitoring include observing the growth of plants, regularly counting the germination rate, seedling height, root length and dispersion, vegetation uniformity, and vegetation coverage, and performing replanting or reconstruction according to the survival preservation rate and coverage rate evaluated by the statistics.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, the construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure 100 applicable to high and steep slopes is as follows:

[0096] (1) Construction preparation: Before construction, collect the survey data, design data, climate, surrounding spoil conditions, and transportation conditions of the slope; prepare the construction organization design and improve various emergency plans;

[0097] (2) Slope cleaning: According to the slope shape, remove the dangerous rocks, floating stones, plant floating roots, weeds, and garbage on the slope by a combination of manual and mechanical methods, and perform slope shaping on the slope to make the slope flat without debris;

[0098] (3) Preparation of vegetation concrete precast bricks 11: Select the water-cement ratio of 0.27, the dosage of thickening agent of 1.5%, the dosage of polypropylene fiber of 0.13%, the dosage of nutrient agent of 40%, and the cement particles of 1.5 cm as the basic parameters for the production of vegetation concrete precast bricks 11. The mold uses a 300mm×300mm×100mm wooden mold. Put 5500g of cement and 100g of thickening agent into the cement mixer and mix for 120s. Add 1500g of water during the mixing process. Granulate the mixed cement mixture. After granulation, put 200g of polypropylene fiber and 2500g of nutrient agent into the mold for forming; After the vegetation concrete precast bricks 11 are demolded, perform post-curing on the vegetation concrete precast bricks 11 by manual watering;

[0099] (4) Anchor installation: First, after measuring and positioning the anchor holes, use a down-the-hole drill to mechanically form the holes. Among them, the diameter of the anchor holes is 10 cm, the hole depth is 2.5 m to 3 m, the inclination angle of the anchor rods with the horizontal plane is 20° to 30°, and the spacing is arranged at 2m*2m. Use single-piece fiberglass hollow grouting anchor rods. Secondly, after the anchor holes are formed and cleaned, install the anchor rods, and use a bottom-up grouting type to pour green and environmentally friendly anchoring agent (polyurethane-sodium silicate anchoring agent) until the grouting stops when thick slurry overflows from the hole mouth. Within 24 hours after the grouting is completed, do not knock or collide with the anchor rods. After the grouting reaches the strength requirement, perform a pull-out test.

[0100] (5) Excavation and construction of drainage ditches 3: Use machinery to excavate the foundation trench of the bottom beam drainage ditch. After the foundation trench is formed and accepted, install the steel bars and formwork, and then pour and form with C30 concrete. Remove the formwork after 12 hours and water it for curing on time;

[0101] (6) Installation of support nets 22: Install the horizontal support ropes and vertical support ropes. After tensioning, fix and connect them to the exposed ring sleeves of the anchor rods with 3 to 5 rope clamps 25 each;

[0102] (7)Laying of precast vegetation concrete bricks 11: The precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 are laid and installed in a horizontal layered manner from bottom to top, and a steel wire rope 13 is passed through the embedded pipe 12 to connect and fix the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 on the support net 22; the embedded pipe 12 is horizontally arranged, and there is 1 embedded pipe 12 in each precast vegetation concrete brick ( Figure 9 );

[0103] (8)Laying of steel wire rope net 23: The steel wire rope net 23 is laid on the surface layer of the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11, and the steel wire rope net 23 is fixed on the support net 22 with a sewing rope 24 ( Figure 10 );

[0104] (9)Plant seeding: After mixing seeds, pre-cultivated soil covering, water retaining agent, binder and water, use a hydroseeder to spray-seed on the vegetation concrete layer 1; after seeding, cover a layer of moisture-keeping material on the surface of the protective net 2;

[0105] (10)Maintenance management and growth monitoring;

[0106] Among them, the anchor rod is a Φ25 glass fiber reinforced plastic hollow grouting anchor rod, the exposed ring of the anchor rod is a steel wire rope anchoring node heavy-duty shackle (H5 / 8), the specification of the support rope is Φ16, the specification of the wire clip is DIN714, the specification of the sewing rope is Φ8, the specification of the steel wire rope net is DO / 08 / 300 type, the above materials are anti-corrosive by hot-dip galvanized plastic coating process, and the service life is not less than 50 years;

[0107] Taking 6 pieces × 6 pieces of precast vegetation concrete bricks as a precast brick unit, a 1.8m × 1.8m DO / 08 / 300 type steel wire rope net is laid on each precast brick unit.

[0108] For the vegetation concrete slope protection structure in the above embodiment, compressive strength, flexural strength, porosity test, pH value test, freeze-thaw cycle test, and acid corrosion test are carried out. The test methods and test results are as follows:

[0109] Compressive strength: According to GB / T50081-2002 "Standard for Test Methods of Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete", a hydraulic press (YAW-2~OCO type) is used for compressive test. The specification size of the precast vegetation concrete compressive test block is 150mm × 150mm × 150mm, which is placed in the center of the hydraulic press for compressive test, the maximum load is recorded, and its compressive strength is calculated. The test result is 3.63 - 4.31MPa, which meets the requirements for the application of vegetation concrete slope protection and greening on high and steep slopes (3MPa), indicating that the slope protection structure provided by the technical solution of the present invention can be applied to the protection and restoration of high and steep slopes.

[0110] Flexural strength: According to the "Standard for Test Methods of Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete" (GB / T 50081-2002), a WDW-100H universal material testing machine was used for the flexural test. The size of the test block for the flexural test of vegetative concrete was 100 mm × 100 mm × 400 mm. The distance between the two lower supports of the test block from the edge of the test block was 50 mm. The upper concentrated load was evenly transmitted to the three-point position on the upper surface of the test block through the steel plate and steel bars. During the pressurization process, the appearance of a through crack on the side surface of the test block was used as the failure criterion. Record the maximum load F when the test block fails, and calculate its flexural strength. The test results were 1.57 - 1.85 MPa, meeting the requirements for the application of vegetative concrete slope protection and greening on high and steep slopes (1.5 MPa), indicating that the slope protection structure provided by the technical solution of the present invention can be applied to the protection and restoration of high and steep slopes.

[0111] Porosity: (1) Use a steel straightedge to measure the length, width, and height of the vegetative concrete test block respectively. The obtained volume is the external volume of the test block, denoted as V1. (2) According to Archimedes' principle, the volume of water discharged when the test block is completely immersed in water is the apparent volume of the test block, which includes two parts: the actual volume of the skeleton and the volume of the closed pores, denoted as V2. At this time, the volume of the connected pores can be represented by the difference between V1 and V2. (3) Measure the dry weight M1 and the mass M2 suspended in water of the test block through a hydrostatic electronic balance. The continuous porosity P = 0.5V2 can be obtained by dividing the difference between M1 and M2 by the density of water. The measured porosity was 28.5%.

[0112] pH value test: (1) Take out the test block to be tested that has been cured for 28 days from the standard curing box, place the test block in a container, and add tap water to soak it for 24 h. The mass ratio of the test block to tap water is 1:3. (2) Use a pH value tester to measure the pH value of the test block after standing for 24 h. Stir the soaking solution of the test block evenly when measuring the pH. (3) Read the pH value after the reading is stable, accurate to 0.1. The measured pH value was 9.7, less than 10, indicating that the slope protection structure provided by the technical solution of the present invention is beneficial to plant growth.

[0113] Freeze-thaw cycle test: After curing the test blocks required for the freeze-thaw test for 24 d, immerse them in water at (20±2)°C for 4 d, with the water surface 20 - 30 mm above the top surface of the test blocks. When the curing age reaches 28 d, promptly take out the vegetative concrete test blocks, wipe off the moisture on the surface of the test blocks and measure their external dimensions, and then number and weigh them respectively. Then place them in the test block rack with a 20-mm gap between the test blocks and the inner wall of the refrigerator, and keep a 30-mm distance between each test block. Start timing when the temperature in the refrigerator reaches -20°C, and the freezing time is specified as 6 h. After freezing, take out the test blocks and put them into the water tank for thawing. Control the water temperature in the thawing water tank at 20°C, and the thawing time is 6 h. After the thawing time ends, conduct the next round of tests. Before the test, also wipe off the residual moisture on the surface of the vegetative concrete test blocks. Repeat the operation 25 times and 50 times until the freeze-thaw cycle test ends. After the freeze-thaw cycle ends, record the appearance of the test blocks, and promptly conduct weighing and determination of the compressive strength, and calculate the mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate of the test blocks. The test results show that after 50 freeze-thaw cycle tests on the test blocks to be tested, the mass loss rate of the test blocks is 1.37% - 2.73%, and the compressive strength loss rate is 2.22% - 3.75%.

[0114] Acid corrosion test: Take out the vegetative concrete test blocks from the standard curing room 2 d before curing to the age of 28 d, wipe the surface clean, and put them into the oven for 48 h. The oven temperature is (80±5)°C. After drying, number the test blocks, weigh them and record their appearance, and then put them into a large test block box containing a 5% Na2SO4 solution for soaking. Specify the soaking time as 12 h, and the distance between the test blocks and the side wall of the test block box should not be less than 20 mm, and a 20-mm distance should be maintained between adjacent test blocks. After soaking, put the test blocks into the oven for drying, with the drying temperature set at 80°C and the drying time set at 6 h; after the test blocks are dried, take them out for natural cooling, and the cooling time is 2 h; after completing the above steps, one cycle of the sulfate wet-dry cycle test of vegetative concrete ends. Repeat the operation until the designed number of cycles ends. After the test ends, weigh the test blocks and conduct compressive strength determination. The test results show that after 30 sulfate wet-dry cycle tests on the test blocks to be tested, the mass loss rate of the test blocks is 1.47% - 2.76%, and the compressive strength loss rate is 0.68% - 2.41%.

[0115] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes, characterized in that The vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes includes: A vegetation concrete layer, including vegetation concrete precast bricks, which are laid on the surface of the high-steep slope; the vegetation concrete precast bricks are provided with void structures for planting slope plants; A protection net, including an anchoring device, a support net, a steel wire mesh and a stitching rope. Among them, the anchoring device includes an anchor rod and an exposed sleeve of the anchor rod; the anchor rod is anchored in the high-steep slope to fix the support net; the support net includes a transverse support rope and a longitudinal support rope, and the transverse support rope and the longitudinal support rope are respectively passed through the exposed sleeve of the anchor rod and pulled into a mesh structure to support the steel wire mesh; the support net and the steel wire mesh are fixedly connected by the stitching rope; the steel wire mesh is laid on the surface of the vegetation concrete layer for strengthening the vegetation concrete layer; and, A drainage ditch, which is arranged at the bottom of the high-steep slope for intercepting and draining water and supporting the vegetation concrete layer; where: A pre-buried pipe is arranged in the vegetation concrete precast brick, and a steel wire rope is passed through the pre-buried pipe. The steel wire rope is used to pass through the vegetation concrete precast brick and connect to the support net; The length of the vegetation concrete precast brick is 30 - 45 cm, the width is 30 - 45 cm, and the height is 10 - 15 cm. The vegetation concrete precast brick includes cement particles, a thickening agent, fibers and a nutrient agent, and the diameter of the cement particles is 1 - 2 cm; The construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high-steep slopes includes the following steps: (1) Construction preparation: Collect the survey data, design data, climate, surrounding waste soil conditions and transportation conditions of the slope; (2) Slope surface cleaning: According to the slope surface form, remove the dangerous rocks, floating rocks, plant floating roots, weeds and garbage on the slope surface, and perform slope shaping on the slope surface; (3) Preparation of vegetation concrete precast bricks: Pour cement and a thickening agent into a mixer for mixing, and add water during the mixing process. Granulate the mixed cement mixture. After granulation, put the cement particles, fibers and nutrient agents into a mold for forming; (4) Installation of anchor rods: Drill holes according to the design standard. After the holes are formed, insert the anchor rods and fix the anchor rods; (5) Excavation and construction of the bottom beam drainage ditch; (6) Installation of the support net: Install the transverse and longitudinal support ropes, and after tensioning, fixedly connect them to the exposed sleeve of the anchor rod with rope clamps; (7) Laying of vegetation concrete precast bricks: Lay and install the vegetation concrete precast bricks in a horizontal layered manner from bottom to top, and connect and fix the vegetation concrete precast bricks to the support ropes with steel wire ropes; (8) Laying of the steel wire mesh: Lay the steel wire mesh on the paving layer of the vegetation concrete precast bricks, and fix the steel wire mesh to the support net with a stitching rope; (9) Plant seeding: Mix seeds, pre-cultivated covering soil, a water retaining agent, an adhesive and water, and use a hydroseeder for seeding; after seeding, cover a layer of moisture-keeping material on the surface of the protection net; (10) Maintenance management and growth monitoring.

2. The construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetation concrete layer includes precast brick units laid by the vegetation concrete precast bricks. Grooves are provided between the precast brick units and adjacent precast brick units, and the grooves are used to install the anchor rods and the support mesh.

3. The construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the embedded pipes is provided in each of the vegetation concrete precast bricks.

4. The construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cement particles are prepared from water and cement at a mass ratio of (0.25 to 0.27):

1.

5. The construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure applicable to high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the cement particles, the thickening agent, the fiber, and the nutrient agent is (70% to 75%):(0.5% to 1%):(1.5% to 2%):(25% to 30%); and / or, The thickening agent includes any one of mortar glue, polyacrylamide, and hydroxyethyl cellulose ether; and / or, The fiber includes any one of polypropylene fiber, wood fiber, and glass fiber.

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