Automatic positioning method for bolt flaw detection

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of pressure vessel inspection technology and proposes a method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection, comprising a bolt to be tested, an automatic adjustment machine, and an ultrasonic split-screen display. The automatic adjustment machine is internally provided with multiple ultrasonic probes, one end of which is provided with a rotary wrench glove for matching the bolt head, and the power input end of the rotary plate glove is provided with a drive device. The multiple ultrasonic probes include an end ultrasonic probe, a threaded section ultrasonic probe, and a non-threaded section ultrasonic probe. The present invention can complete comprehensive flaw detection of the bolt to be tested by providing ultrasonic probes at the end, threaded section, and non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested. The flaw detection curve is displayed on the ultrasonic split-screen display. In addition, an automatic adjustment machine with a drive device is used to adjust the detection position of the bolt and the ultrasonic probe, and the corresponding flaw detection work can be automatically completed, which is beneficial to improving the flaw detection efficiency of bolts used in large pressure vessels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure vessel detection, relates to bolts for large pressure vessels, and in particular to a method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection. Background Art

[0002] A pressure vessel is a sealed container capable of withstanding pressure. Pressure vessels have a wide range of uses, playing a vital role in numerous sectors, including industry, civil engineering, and military applications, as well as in numerous fields of scientific research. Pressure vessels can be categorized by size as small, medium, and large. Bolts, as crucial connecting components, play a crucial role in the manufacture and maintenance of critical equipment, such as pressure vessels. Their quality is directly related to the safety and stability of the equipment.

[0003] During routine maintenance, bolts on large pressure vessels need to be removed for flaw detection. Ultrasonic testing, as a mature technology, can be used to perform flaw detection on pressure vessel bolts. For example, existing patent CN112710734B discloses a GOLD code-based ultrasonic detection method for bolt damage. Another example is existing patent CN209745449U, which discloses an ultrasonic bolt stress measuring instrument for measuring bolt stress under operating conditions. The instrument comprises an instrument body containing a measurement circuit, an ultrasonic signal generator, and a generator fixture. The generator fixture comprises a cylindrical body with internal threads in the middle and a suction cup surrounding one end of the cylindrical body. The ultrasonic signal generator is externally threaded with an externally threaded housing that matches the cylindrical body. The ultrasonic signal generator is threaded into the cylindrical body via the externally threaded housing and can be rotated in and out of the cylindrical body. A sampling port connected to the measurement circuit is provided on one side of the instrument body. The ultrasonic signal generator is electrically connected to the sampling port via a wire. This instrument has a simple structure and a rational design, enabling direct and stable contact with the operating bolt to directly measure the bolt stress under operating conditions. However, these devices and methods all detect the location of damage on the bolt from the end. For bolts on large pressure vessels, the diameter of the bolts to be tested is generally greater than 5 cm. It is also necessary to inspect the bolts from the thread surface along the thread path, which makes it difficult to ensure the efficiency of the inspection operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned technical problems existing in bolt detection on large pressure vessels, the present invention proposes a method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection which has a reasonable design and is conducive to improving detection efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts a technical solution as follows: a method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection provided by the present invention includes a bolt to be tested, an automatic adjustment machine, and an ultrasonic split-screen display, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic probes are provided inside the automatic adjustment machine, a rotary wrench sleeve for matching with the bolt head is provided at one end of the automatic adjustment machine, a drive device is provided at the power input end of the rotary wrench sleeve, and the drive device is used to drive the bolt to be tested to perform axial translation and rotation movements, the plurality of ultrasonic probes include an end ultrasonic probe, a threaded section ultrasonic probe, and a non-threaded section ultrasonic probe, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Determine the model of the bolt to be tested;

[0007] S2. Calibrate the ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic split-screen display on the standard block;

[0008] S3. Select a rotary wrench set that matches the model of the bolt to be tested and is used for the automatic adjustment machine, and adjust the positions of the end ultrasonic probe, threaded section ultrasonic probe, and non-threaded section ultrasonic probe in the automatic adjustment machine, including the axial and radial positions of the ultrasonic probes; connect the ends of all ultrasonic probes to the ultrasonic split-screen display via probe cables;

[0009] S4. Apply coupling agent to the surface of all bolts to be tested and set aside;

[0010] S5. Insert the bolt to be tested into the automatic adjustment machine, so that the end of the bolt to be tested is in elastic contact with the end ultrasonic probe, the threaded section of the bolt to be tested is in sliding contact with the threaded section ultrasonic probe, and the non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested is in sliding contact with the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe;

[0011] S6. Start the automatic adjustment machine and the ultrasonic split-screen display. Driven by the drive device, the bolt simultaneously performs axial translation and rotation. The end ultrasonic probe elastically contacts the rotation of the bolt and maintains contact for at least one rotation cycle. The end ultrasonic probe performs rotational flaw detection on the axial portion of the threaded section of the bolt. The threaded section ultrasonic probe and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe respectively perform rotational flaw detection on the radial portions of the threaded and non-threaded sections of the bolt.

[0012] S7, the end ultrasonic probe, the threaded section ultrasonic probe and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe feed back the ultrasonic flaw detection curve to the ultrasonic split-screen display. The damage position of the bolt is determined by the situation where the echo amplitude in the curve displayed on the ultrasonic split-screen display is greater than the quantitative line. By observing the depth value and level value corresponding to the echo, the bolt is marked after removal.

[0013] Preferably, the automatic adjustment machine includes a tubular body, and a head end seat and a tail end seat are respectively provided at both ends of the tubular body. The head end seat is movably coordinated with the driving device forward and backward, and the tail end seat is provided with an elastic support component for the end ultrasonic probe to elastically contact the bolt to be tested. The interior of the tubular body is provided with a wall sleeve support component for installing a threaded section ultrasonic probe and a non-threaded section ultrasonic probe, and the wall sleeve support component is provided with a wiring groove for wiring, and the tubular body is provided with a plurality of wiring ports connected to the wiring groove.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic support component includes a movable sleeve, an annular groove is provided inside the movable sleeve, a spring is provided in the annular groove, one end of the spring is connected to the bottom of the annular groove, and the other end of the spring is connected to an annular limit plate provided inside the tubular fuselage, an outer shoulder is provided on the outer wall of the movable sleeve, the outer shoulder cooperates with an inner shoulder provided on the inner wall of the tail end seat, a mounting plate for installing an end ultrasonic probe is provided inside the movable sleeve, and an end plate is provided at the end of the movable sleeve away from the mounting plate, and the plate surface contour of the end plate corresponds to the end surface contour of the tail end seat.

[0015] Preferably, the wall sleeve supporting component includes a top plate arranged on the inner top of the tubular fuselage, the side of the top plate facing the center of the tubular fuselage is a plane and the plane is provided with connection ports for installing threaded section ultrasonic probes and non-threaded section ultrasonic probes, and the two sides of the top plate are axially movable with the slide rails arranged inside the tubular fuselage.

[0016] Preferably, the tubular fuselage is provided with a C-shaped limit plate near the head end seat, the C-shaped opening of the C-shaped limit plate faces upward and baffles are provided on both sides of the C-shaped opening, the baffles are clamped and cooperated with the two sides of the wall sleeve support component, and a C-shaped plug is provided between the C-shaped limit plate and the head end of the tubular fuselage, and the inner diameter of the C-shaped plug is nested with the non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested.

[0017] Preferably, the rotary wrench sleeve includes a wrench seat that is nested with the head end of the tubular body, and a wrench ring is provided inside the wrench seat for cooperating with the nut head of the bolt to be tested. The wrench ring is connected to the wrench seat by a key and frictionally fits, and the wrench ring is provided with a plurality of mounting holes near its end.

[0018] Preferably, the driving device includes a pipe sleeve component and a transmission component, the pipe sleeve component includes a pipe sleeve that is nested inside and outside the tubular fuselage, the end of the pipe sleeve is connected to the wrench seat by several synchronous bolts, the outer side of the tubular fuselage is provided with an annular waist groove that forms a pressure chamber with the pipe sleeve, and the two ends of the pressure chamber are respectively provided with a fixed sealing ring and a movable sealing ring, the movable sealing ring is provided at a position close to the tail end seat, and the pipe sleeve is provided with a one-way breathing valve at a position close to the movable sealing ring.

[0019] Preferably, the transmission component includes a large bevel gear ring arranged on the outside of the wrench seat, a small bevel gear is provided on the transmission side of the large bevel gear ring, a gear shaft is provided in the center of the small bevel gear, and a rack distributed parallel to the center of the tubular fuselage is provided on the transmission side of the gear shaft. A driving gear meshing with the rack is provided on the transmission side of the rack, a reduction motor is provided at the power input end of the driving gear, a fixed transmission box connected to the head end seat and the tail end seat is provided on the side of the tubular fuselage, the reduction motor is provided on the fixed transmission box, and a movable transmission box connected to the end of the rack is provided at the head end of the fixed transmission box. The movable transmission box is a groove-type structure, and the small bevel gear and the gear shaft are arranged inside the movable transmission box.

[0020] Preferably, a slip ring is provided at the end of the movable transmission box, and the slip ring cooperates with a slip ring seat provided at the end of the wrench seat.

[0021] Preferably, a sliding support ring is provided inside the head end seat for axial movement of the pipe sleeve component, a reinforcing bolt is provided between the head end seat and the tail end seat, the reinforcing bolt is provided on the side opposite to the fixed transmission box, a U-shaped portable handle is provided on the top of the head end seat and the tail end seat, the portable handle is provided with a radial tube at one end close to the head end seat, and a fixing bolt is provided in the radial tube that passes through from top to bottom and is connected to the top of the sliding support ring.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection provided by the present invention can complete comprehensive flaw detection of the bolt to be tested by installing ultrasonic probes at the end, threaded section, and non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested. The flaw detection curve is displayed on an ultrasonic split-screen display. In addition, an automatic adjustment machine with a drive device is used to adjust the detection position of the bolt and the ultrasonic probe, which can automatically complete the corresponding flaw detection work, thereby improving the flaw detection efficiency of bolts used in large pressure vessels. The design is reasonable and suitable for large-scale promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the automatic adjustment machine provided in the embodiment taken along the GG direction;

[0026] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the automatic adjustment machine provided in the embodiment taken along the EE direction;

[0027] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the automatic adjustment machine provided in the embodiment along the FF direction;

[0028] Figure 4 A front view of the automatic adjustment machine provided in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 5 A side view of an automatic adjustment machine provided in an embodiment;

[0030] Figure 6 An axonometric view of an automatic adjustment machine provided in an embodiment;

[0031] Figure 7 A side view of the internal structure of the automatic adjustment machine provided in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 8 An axonometric view of the internal structure of the automatic adjustment machine provided in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 9 An axonometric view of a transmission component provided for an embodiment;

[0034] Figure 10 An axonometric view of a movable transmission case and a slip ring provided for an embodiment;

[0035] Figure 11 A front view of a wall sleeve support component provided in an embodiment;

[0036] Figure 12 An axonometric view of a C-type plug provided in an embodiment;

[0037] In the above figures, 1. Bolt to be tested; 2. Automatic adjustment machine; 21. Tubular body; 211. Wiring port; 212. Annular limit plate; 213. C-type limit plate; 214. Baffle; 22. Head end seat; 23. Tail end seat; 231. Inner shoulder; 24. Elastic support component; 241. Movable sleeve; 242. Annular groove; 243. Spring; 244. Outer shoulder; 245. Mounting plate; 246. End plate; 25. Wall sleeve support component; 251. Wiring trough; 252. Top plate; 253. Connecting port; 254. Slide rail; 26. C-type plug; 27. Sliding support ring; 3. Ultrasonic split-screen display; 4. Ultrasonic probe; 41. End ultrasonic probe; 42 , threaded section ultrasonic probe; 43, non-threaded section ultrasonic probe; 5, rotating wrench sleeve; 51, wrench seat; 52, wrench ring; 53, loading hole; 6, driving device; 61, pipe sleeve component; 611, pipe sleeve; 612, pressure chamber; 613, fixed sealing ring; 614, movable sealing ring; 615, one-way breathing valve; 62, transmission component; 621, large bevel gear ring; 622, small bevel gear; 623, gear shaft; 624, rack; 625, driving gear; 626, reduction motor; 627, fixed transmission box; 628, movable transmission box; 63, slip ring; 64, slip ring seat; 7, strengthening bolt; 8, portable handle; 9, radial tube; 10, fixing bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other unless they conflict. For the convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left", and "right" appearing below only indicate the upper, lower, left, and right directions consistent with the drawings themselves and do not limit the structure.

[0039] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Examples, such as Figures 1 to 12As shown, the method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection provided by the present invention includes a bolt to be tested 1, an automatic adjustment machine 2 and an ultrasonic split-screen display 3. A plurality of ultrasonic probes 4 are provided inside the automatic adjustment machine 2. A rotary wrench sleeve 5 for matching with the bolt head is provided at one end of the automatic adjustment machine 2. A drive device 6 is provided at the power input end of the rotary wrench sleeve. The drive device 6 is used to drive the bolt to be tested 1 to perform axial translation and rotation. The plurality of ultrasonic probes 4 include an end ultrasonic probe 41, a threaded section ultrasonic probe 42 and a non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Determine the model of the bolt to be tested;

[0042] S2, calibrating the ultrasonic probe 4 and the ultrasonic split-screen display 3 on the standard block;

[0043] S3. Select a rotary wrench set 5 that matches the model of the bolt to be tested and is used for the automatic adjusting machine 2. Adjust the positions of the end ultrasonic probe 41, the threaded section ultrasonic probe 42, and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43 located in the automatic adjusting machine 2, including the axial and radial positions of the ultrasonic probe 4. Connect the ends of all ultrasonic probes 4 to the ultrasonic split-screen display 3 via probe cables.

[0044] S4. Apply coupling agent to the surface of all bolts to be tested and set aside;

[0045] S5. Insert the bolt to be tested into the automatic adjusting machine 2, so that the end of the bolt to be tested is in elastic contact with the end ultrasonic probe 41, the threaded section of the bolt to be tested is in sliding contact with the threaded section ultrasonic probe 42, and the non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested is in sliding contact with the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43;

[0046] S6. Start the automatic adjustment machine 2 and the ultrasonic split-screen display 3. Driven by the drive device 6, the bolt simultaneously performs axial translation and rotation. The end ultrasonic probe 41 elastically contacts the rotation of the bolt and maintains contact for at least one rotation cycle. The end ultrasonic probe 41 performs rotational flaw detection on the axial portion of the threaded section of the bolt. The threaded section ultrasonic probe 42 and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43 respectively perform rotational flaw detection on the radial portions of the threaded and non-threaded sections of the bolt.

[0047] S7, the end ultrasonic probe 41, the threaded segment ultrasonic probe 42 and the non-threaded segment ultrasonic probe 43 feed back the ultrasonic flaw detection curve to the ultrasonic split-screen display 3, and judge the damage position of the bolt from the situation where the echo amplitude is greater than the quantitative line in the curve displayed on the ultrasonic split-screen display 3. By observing the depth value and level value corresponding to the echo, the bolt is marked after being removed.

[0048] In the present invention, the ultrasonic split-screen display 3 can simultaneously display the echoes detected by the three ultrasonic probes 4. The location in the curve where the echo amplitude is greater than the quantitative line can be first determined as the location where the bolt has been damaged. A comprehensive judgment based on the curves detected by the three ultrasonic probes 4 can more accurately detect the location where the pressure vessel bolt has been damaged. The present invention can perform comprehensive flaw detection of the bolt 1 to be tested by installing ultrasonic probes 4 at the end, threaded section, and non-threaded section of the bolt 1 to be tested. The flaw detection curve is displayed on the ultrasonic split-screen display 3. Furthermore, an automatic adjustment machine 2 having a drive device 6 is used to adjust the detection position of the bolt and the ultrasonic probe 4, thereby automatically completing the corresponding flaw detection work and facilitating improved flaw detection efficiency for bolts used in large pressure vessels.

[0049] In order to improve the utilization rate of the automatic adjustment machine 2, especially considering the applicability to bolts of different specifications, the automatic adjustment machine 2 provided by the present invention includes a tubular body 21, and a head end seat 22 and a tail end seat 23 are respectively provided at both ends of the tubular body 21. The head end seat 22 is movably coordinated with the driving device 6 in the front and back directions, and the tail end seat 23 is provided with an elastic support component 24 for the end ultrasonic probe 41 to elastically contact the bolt 1 to be tested. The interior of the tubular body 21 is provided with a wall sleeve support component 25 for installing the threaded section ultrasonic probe 42 and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43. The wall sleeve support component 25 is provided with a wiring groove 251 for wiring, and the tubular body 21 is provided with a plurality of wiring ports 211 connected to the wiring groove 251. Among them, the head end seat 22 and the tail end seat 23 serve not only as the support base of the tubular body 21, but also as the support base of the entire ultrasonic flaw detection operation. Further, as Figure 3 As shown, the detection wave and echo generated by the end ultrasonic probe 41 primarily detect the d1 segment of the bolt 1 to be tested. The elastic support component 24 ensures that the end ultrasonic probe 41 maintains contact with the end of the bolt 1 to be tested for a certain period of time, allowing the end ultrasonic probe 41 to complete ultrasonic flaw detection of the d1 segment while the bolt 1 is rotating. This is applicable to most bolts used in large pressure vessels. The wall support component 25 provides mounting nodes for the threaded segment ultrasonic probe 42 and the non-threaded segment ultrasonic probe 43. Their respective radial and axial positions can be adjusted according to the bolt diameter, thereby better contacting the corresponding bolt 1 to be tested and ensuring the accuracy of ultrasonic flaw detection. The threaded segment ultrasonic probe 42 detects the L1 segment of the bolt 1 to be tested, while the non-threaded segment ultrasonic probe 43 detects the L2 segment of the bolt 1 to be tested. Combined with the flaw detection curve for the d1 segment, this ensures comprehensive detection in a single flaw detection operation, which helps improve the efficiency of automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection.

[0050] More specifically, the elastic support component 24 provided by the present invention includes a movable sleeve 241, an annular groove 242 is provided inside the movable sleeve 241, a spring 243 is provided in the annular groove 242, one end of the spring 243 is connected to the bottom of the annular groove 242, and the other end of the spring 243 is connected to the annular limit plate 212 provided inside the tubular fuselage 21, an outer shoulder 244 is provided on the outer wall of the movable sleeve 241, the outer shoulder 244 cooperates with the inner shoulder 231 provided on the inner wall of the tail end seat 23, a mounting plate 245 for mounting the end ultrasonic probe 41 is provided inside the movable sleeve 241, and an end plate 246 is provided at the end of the movable sleeve 241 away from the mounting plate 245, and the plate surface contour of the end plate 246 corresponds to the end surface contour of the tail end seat 23. Among them, after the end ultrasonic probe 41 is installed on the mounting plate 245, it is basically flush with the inner circle of the movable sleeve 241. After the bolt 1 to be tested is inserted into the automatic adjusting machine 2, the end of the bolt 1 to be tested can press against the end ultrasonic probe 41 and move a certain distance toward the far end of the tail end seat 23 until the bolt head of the bolt 1 to be tested is completely seated and no longer has a tendency to move; at the same time, the spring 243 generates tension and causes the movable sleeve 241 to move relatively along the tail end seat 23. As the rotation and translation movement of the bolt 1 to be tested occurs, the spring 243 resets the movable sleeve 241 through its elastic restoring force and ensures that the end ultrasonic probe 41 is always in contact with the d1 section of the bolt 1 to be tested. However, as the translation movement of the bolt 1 to be tested continues, the outer shoulder 244 of the movable sleeve 241 presses against the inner shoulder 231 of the tail end seat 23, and the ultrasonic probe 4 gradually separates from the bolt 1 to be tested. However, the detection of the d1 section of the bolt 1 to be tested has been completed before the movable sleeve 241 is completely reset. After the movable sleeve 241 is completely reset, the end plate 246 coincides with the end face of the tail end seat 23, and the length and width of the end plate 246 are slightly smaller than the tail end seat 23. This ensures that the end plate 246 can move toward the equilibrium position under the restoring action of the spring 243 without generating obvious friction with the supporting plane used to support the device.

[0051] To improve the utilization of the wall sleeve support component 25, the wall sleeve support component 25 provided by the present invention includes a top plate 252 disposed on the inner top of the tubular body 21. The top plate 252 has a flat surface facing the center of the tubular body 21 and is provided with a connection port 253 for mounting the threaded ultrasonic probe 42 and the non-threaded ultrasonic probe 43. Both sides of the top plate 252 are axially movable with slide rails 254 disposed within the tubular body 21. The interaction between the top plate 252 and the slide rails 254 facilitates removal of the top plate 252 from the tubular body 21 to adjust the radial and axial positions of the ultrasonic probe 4. A wiring trough 251 is provided on the top plate 252. The probe wires are arranged in the wiring trough 251 and then led out from the connection port 253 and the wiring port 211. The wiring port 211 is then connected to the probe wires for connecting to the ultrasonic split-screen display 3, thereby ensuring accurate installation of the threaded ultrasonic probe 42 and the non-threaded ultrasonic probe 43.

[0052] Taking into account that the wall sleeve support component 25 needs to be pulled out from the tubular body 21 for assembly and adjustment, and it is necessary to give the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43 a detection distance to the non-threaded section of the bolt 1 to be tested, the tubular body 21 provided by the present invention is provided with a C-shaped limit plate 213 at a position close to the head end seat 22, and the C-shaped mouth of the C-shaped limit plate 213 faces upward and baffles 214 are provided on both sides of the C-shaped mouth, and the baffles 214 are clamped and cooperated with the two sides of the wall sleeve support component 25; in this way, a complete withdrawal path can be given to the wall sleeve support component 25 to complete the adjustment operation of the ultrasonic probe 4, and the non-threaded section of the bolt 1 to be tested can be effectively exposed to the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43. At the same time, taking into account the seating effect of the bolt 1 to be tested, that is, determining the initial detection position, the present invention provides a C-type plug 26 between the C-type limit plate 213 and the head end of the tubular body 21. The inner diameter of the C-type plug 26 is nested with the non-threaded section of the bolt 1 to be tested. The specifications of the C-type plug 26 can be selected according to the specifications of the bolt 1 to be tested. The purpose of selection is to enable the end face of the C-type plug 26 to effectively block the bolt 1 to be tested from continuing to move toward the tail end seat 23, thereby allowing the bolt 1 to be tested to enter the initial detection position.

[0053] In order to improve the synchronous motion performance of the rotating wrench sleeve 5 and the bolt to be tested 1, the rotating wrench sleeve 5 provided by the present invention includes a wrench seat 51 that is nested with the head end of the tubular body 21, and a wrench ring 52 is provided inside the wrench seat 51 for mating with the nut head of the bolt to be tested 1. The wrench ring 52 is keyed and frictionally engaged with the wrench seat 51, and a plurality of mounting holes 53 are provided near the end of the wrench ring 52. The specifications of the wrench ring 52 are selected according to the specifications of the bolt to be tested 1, and in particular, the inner hole of the wrench ring 52 is fully nested with the bolt head of the bolt to be tested 1, so that the wrench seat 51 keyed to the wrench ring 52 maintains synchronous motion with the wrench ring 52 after being driven by the driving device 6, and the synchronous motion includes rotational motion and axial translational motion. The purpose of maintaining the axial frictional engagement between the wrench ring 52 and the wrench seat 51 is to maintain a balance with the supporting elastic force of the spring 243, so as to prevent the elastic force applied by the elastic support component 24 to the bolt to be tested 1 from causing the bolt to be tested 1 and the wrench ring 52 to change relative position. The purpose of providing the removal hole 53 on the wrench ring 52 is that after completing the ultrasonic flaw detection of the bolt 1 to be tested, the bolt 1 to be tested can be removed together with the removal hole 53 by hooking a hook, thereby facilitating the next cycle of flaw detection work.

[0054] In order to improve the automatic adjustment performance of the automatic adjustment machine 2 on the bolt 1 to be tested, the drive device 6 provided by the present invention has rotational drive capability and axial translation drive capability. Specifically, the drive device 6 provided by the present invention includes a pipe sleeve component 61 and a transmission component 62. The pipe sleeve component 61 includes a pipe sleeve 611 that is nested inside and outside the tubular body 21. The end of the pipe sleeve 611 is connected to the wrench seat 51 by several synchronous bolts. The outer side of the tubular body 21 is provided with an annular waist groove that forms a pressure chamber 612 with the pipe sleeve 611. The two ends of the pressure chamber 612 are respectively provided with a fixed sealing ring 613 and a movable sealing ring 614. The movable sealing ring 614 is provided at a position close to the tail end seat 23. The pipe sleeve 611 is provided with a one-way breathing valve 615 near the movable sealing ring 614. Among them, the axial position of the fixed sealing ring 613 remains unchanged, while the movable sealing ring 614 can rotate and translate accordingly with the rotation and translation of the pipe sleeve 611. Furthermore, the fixed seal ring 613 and the movable seal ring 614 have the same structure, both featuring a stepped surface. The stepped surface seals against the inner wall of the sleeve 611 and the surface of the annular groove, thereby ensuring a seal at both ends of the pressure chamber 612. The transmission component 62 is used to transmit rotational power to the sleeve 611, causing the wrench base 51 and the sleeve 611 to rotate. The air in the pressure chamber 612 is then expelled through the one-way breathing valve 615, generating negative pressure that causes the sleeve 611 to simultaneously produce axial translational motion while rotating, thereby ensuring that the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe 43 and the threaded section ultrasonic probe 42 can complete ultrasonic flaw detection of the L1 and L2 sections.

[0055] Furthermore, the transmission component 62 provided by the present invention includes a large bevel gear ring 621 arranged on the outside of the wrench seat 51, and a small bevel gear 622 is provided on the transmission side of the large bevel gear ring 621. A gear shaft 623 is provided at the center of the small bevel gear 622, and a rack 624 distributed parallel to the center of the tubular fuselage 21 is provided on the transmission side of the gear shaft 623. A driving gear 625 meshing with the rack 624 is provided on the transmission side, and a reduction motor 626 is provided at the power input end of the driving gear 625. A fixed transmission box 627 connected to the head end seat 22 and the tail end seat 23 is provided on the side of the tubular fuselage 21, and the reduction motor 626 is provided on the fixed transmission box 627. The head end of the fixed transmission box 627 is provided with a movable transmission box 628 connected to the end of the rack 624. The movable transmission box 628 is a groove-type structure, and the small bevel gear 622 and the gear shaft 623 are arranged inside the movable transmission box 628. Among them, the reduction motor 626 drives the driving gear 625 to drive the rack 624 to translate, the rack 624 drives the gear shaft 623 and the small bevel gear 622 to rotate synchronously, the small bevel gear 622 drives the large bevel gear ring 621 and the wrench seat 51 to rotate, and the wrench seat 51 rotates together with the pipe sleeve 611, and the air in the pressure chamber 612 will be discharged from the one-way breathing valve 615. The negative pressure generated can make the pipe sleeve 611 produce axial translation while rotating, thereby ensuring that the non-threaded segment ultrasonic probe 43 and the threaded segment ultrasonic probe 42 can complete ultrasonic flaw detection of the L1 and L2 segments.

[0056] Furthermore, a slip ring 63 is provided at the end of the movable transmission box 628. The slip ring 63 cooperates with a slip ring seat 64 provided at the end of the wrench seat 51, and the slip ring seat 64 is fixedly connected to the wrench seat 51. In this way, while the rack 624 produces a translational motion, it drives the movable transmission box 628, together with the gear shaft 623 and the small bevel gear 622, to move axially. The movable transmission box 628 does not produce a rotational motion. Instead, the slip ring 63 cooperates with the slip ring seat 64 to ensure the synchronous translational motion of the movable transmission box 628 and the wrench seat 51. Therefore, while the rack 624 drives the movable transmission box 628 to move, it can also provide thrust to the slip ring seat 64 and the wrench seat 51. This, in conjunction with the negative pressure in the pressure chamber 612, ensures automatic adjustment of the internal structure of the device to the bolt 1 to be tested, thereby ensuring the completion of a comprehensive flaw detection operation on the bolt 1 to be tested.

[0057] In order to improve the axial translation stability of the tube sleeve component 61, the present invention provides a sliding support ring 27 for axial movement of the tube sleeve component 61 inside the head end seat 22. The inner ring surface of the sliding support ring 27 is polished to reduce the friction between it and the moving tube sleeve component 61, thereby improving the control accuracy of the present invention on the translation and rotation adjustment of the bolt 1 to be tested, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the ultrasonic testing results.

[0058] To improve the structural reliability of the automatic adjuster 2, the present invention provides a reinforcing bolt 7 between the head end seat 22 and the tail end seat 23, located on the side opposite the fixed transmission case 627. Furthermore, to enhance the portability of the automatic adjuster 2, the present invention provides a U-shaped portable handle 8 at the top of each of the head end seat 22 and the tail end seat 23. Furthermore, the portable handle has a radial tube 9 at one end near the head end seat 22, through which a fixing bolt 10 is inserted, extending from top to bottom, and connected to the top of the sliding support ring 27. The reinforcing bolt 7 serves to enhance the integrity of the head end seat, the tail end seat, and the tubular body. The sliding support ring 27 serves as a supporting node of the portable handle 8. The sliding support ring 27 can be replaced according to actual usage needs to match the pipe sleeve component 61. In addition to supporting the portable handle 8, the side of the sliding support ring 27 is also locked by the corner column on the edge side of the head end seat 22. The side of the corner column is fixed to the sliding support ring 27 by screws, so the sliding support ring 27 has good stability after assembly, which can ensure the performance of its various basic functions, such as supporting the pipe sleeve component 61 with multiple motion states.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any other form of limitation to the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the technical contents disclosed above to change or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes for application in other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification of the above embodiments made in accordance with the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection, comprising a bolt to be tested, characterized in that: The system also includes an automatic adjustment machine and an ultrasonic split-screen display. The automatic adjustment machine is internally provided with a plurality of ultrasonic probes. A rotary wrench sleeve for matching with the bolt head is provided at one end of the automatic adjustment machine. A drive device is provided at the power input end of the rotary wrench sleeve. The drive device is used to drive the bolt to be tested to perform axial translation and rotation. The plurality of ultrasonic probes include an end ultrasonic probe, a threaded section ultrasonic probe, and a non-threaded section ultrasonic probe. The system specifically includes the following steps: S1. Determine the model of the bolt to be tested; S2. Calibrate the ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic split-screen display on the standard block; S3. Select a rotary wrench set that matches the model of the bolt to be tested and is used for the automatic adjustment machine, and adjust the positions of the end ultrasonic probe, threaded section ultrasonic probe, and non-threaded section ultrasonic probe in the automatic adjustment machine, including the axial and radial positions of the ultrasonic probes; connect the ends of all ultrasonic probes to the ultrasonic split-screen display via probe cables; S4. Apply coupling agent to the surface of all bolts to be tested and set aside; S5. Insert the bolt to be tested into the automatic adjustment machine, so that the end of the bolt to be tested is in elastic contact with the end ultrasonic probe, the threaded section of the bolt to be tested is in sliding contact with the threaded section ultrasonic probe, and the non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested is in sliding contact with the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe; S6. Start the automatic adjustment machine and the ultrasonic split-screen display. Driven by the drive device, the bolt simultaneously performs axial translation and rotation. The end ultrasonic probe elastically contacts the rotation of the bolt and maintains contact for at least one rotation cycle. The end ultrasonic probe performs rotational flaw detection on the axial portion of the threaded section of the bolt. The threaded section ultrasonic probe and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe respectively perform rotational flaw detection on the radial portions of the threaded and non-threaded sections of the bolt. S7, the end ultrasonic probe, the threaded section ultrasonic probe and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe feed back the ultrasonic flaw detection curve to the ultrasonic split-screen display. The damage position of the bolt is determined by the situation where the echo amplitude in the curve displayed on the ultrasonic split-screen display is greater than the quantitative line. By observing the depth value and level value corresponding to the echo, the bolt is marked after removal.

2. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic adjustment machine includes a tubular body, with a head end seat and a tail end seat respectively provided at both ends of the tubular body. The head end seat is movably coordinated with the driving device forward and backward, and an elastic supporting component is provided in the tail end seat for elastically contacting the end ultrasonic probe with the bolt to be tested. A wall sleeve supporting component for installing the threaded section ultrasonic probe and the non-threaded section ultrasonic probe is provided inside the tubular body, and a wiring groove for wiring is provided on the wall sleeve supporting component. The tubular body is provided with multiple wiring ports connected to the wiring groove.

3. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic support component includes a movable sleeve, an annular groove is provided inside the movable sleeve, a spring is provided in the annular groove, one end of the spring is connected to the bottom of the annular groove, and the other end of the spring is connected to an annular limit plate provided inside the tubular fuselage. An outer shoulder is provided on the outer wall of the movable sleeve, and the outer shoulder cooperates with an inner shoulder provided on the inner wall of the tail end seat. A mounting plate for mounting an end ultrasonic probe is provided inside the movable sleeve, and an end plate is provided at the end of the movable sleeve away from the mounting plate, and the plate surface contour of the end plate corresponds to the end surface contour of the tail end seat.

4. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wall sleeve supporting component includes a top plate arranged on the inner top of the tubular fuselage, the side of the top plate facing the center of the tubular fuselage is a plane and the plane is provided with connection ports for installing threaded section ultrasonic probes and non-threaded section ultrasonic probes, and the two sides of the top plate are axially movable with the slide rails arranged inside the tubular fuselage.

5. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tubular fuselage is provided with a C-shaped limit plate near the head end seat, the C-shaped opening of the C-shaped limit plate faces upward and baffles are provided on both sides of the C-shaped opening, the baffles are clamped and cooperated with the two sides of the wall sleeve support component, and a C-shaped plug is provided between the C-shaped limit plate and the head end of the tubular fuselage, and the inner diameter of the C-shaped plug is nested with the non-threaded section of the bolt to be tested.

6. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary wrench sleeve includes a wrench seat that is nested with the head end of the tubular body. A wrench ring is provided inside the wrench seat for cooperating with the nut head of the bolt to be tested. The wrench ring is connected to the wrench seat by a key and frictionally fits. The wrench ring is provided with a plurality of mounting holes near its end.

7. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving device includes a pipe sleeve component and a transmission component. The pipe sleeve component includes a pipe sleeve that is nested inside and outside the tubular fuselage. The end of the pipe sleeve is connected to the wrench seat by several synchronous bolts. The outside of the tubular fuselage is provided with an annular waist groove that forms a pressure chamber with the pipe sleeve. The two ends of the pressure chamber are respectively provided with a fixed sealing ring and a movable sealing ring. The movable sealing ring is provided at a position close to the tail end seat. The pipe sleeve is provided with a one-way breathing valve at a position close to the movable sealing ring.

8. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transmission component includes a large bevel gear ring arranged on the outside of the wrench seat, a small bevel gear is provided on the transmission side of the large bevel gear ring, a gear shaft is provided in the center of the small bevel gear, and a rack distributed parallel to the center of the tubular fuselage is provided on the transmission side of the gear shaft. A driving gear meshed with the rack is provided on the transmission side of the rack, and a reduction motor is provided at the power input end of the driving gear. A fixed transmission box connected to the head end seat and the tail end seat is provided on the side of the tubular fuselage, and the reduction motor is provided on the fixed transmission box. A movable transmission box connected to the end of the rack is provided at the head end of the fixed transmission box. The movable transmission box is a groove-type structure, and the small bevel gear and the gear shaft are arranged inside the movable transmission box.

9. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to claim 8, characterized in that: The end of the movable transmission box is provided with a slip ring, and the slip ring is matched with a slip ring seat provided at the end of the wrench seat.

10. The method for automatic positioning of bolt flaw detection according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: A sliding support ring for axial movement of the pipe sleeve component is provided inside the head end seat, a reinforcing bolt is provided between the head end seat and the tail end seat, the reinforcing bolt is provided on the side opposite to the fixed transmission box, a U-shaped portable handle is provided on the top of the head end seat and the tail end seat, the portable handle is provided with a radial tube at one end close to the head end seat, and a fixing bolt is provided in the radial tube that passes through from top to bottom and is connected to the top of the sliding support ring.

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