A method for rapidly improving the structure of the plough layer of saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of quick improvement methods of saline-alkali soil plough layer soil structure, it is related to the field of agricultural technology, the application includes the drainage foundation of setting water-permeable pipe, the soil sampling measurement above water-permeable pipe, including soil bulk density, water content, pH, EC value, SOC and TN content, and calculate SOC reserves, according to the test result to determine the proportion of modifier, carry out deep plough and rotary tillage treatment, uniformly apply modifier;Quick fertilization treatment, apply including gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer and fulvic acid, and carry out drip irrigation or flooding irrigation, plant green manure crop and cover plant straw and press into soil, overall through pipe salt drainage and deep plough physical improvement plus gypsum, biochar and high-carbon-based organic fertilizer chemical improvement plus straw return and green manure cooperate biological improvement, the method is quickly and effectively improved soil structure by comprehensive measures, improve fertility, prevent salt rise, promote the healthy growth of crops, realizes the sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically, it relates to a method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to soil containing high concentrations of soluble salts and alkaline substances, leading to soil structure deterioration and decreased fertility, thus affecting crop growth and agricultural production. The formation of saline-alkali land is mainly related to high groundwater levels, intense evaporation, and inadequate irrigation and drainage management. When cultivated on saline-alkali land, soil salts easily rise to the surface, causing surface salinization, which inhibits crop root growth and nutrient absorption, ultimately leading to reduced yields or even crop failure. Therefore, rapidly and effectively improving the soil structure of saline-alkali land, enhancing soil fertility, and preventing salt rise and accumulation have become important issues in agricultural production.

[0003] Currently, some severely saline-alkali lands are widely distributed, with high salt content, heavy texture, poor soil structure, and poor soil quality, making them difficult to manage. Poor soil structure is one of the key contributing factors to saline-alkali soil problems. For severely saline-alkali lands, which suffer from poor soil structure, poor soil water infiltration, and weak salt leaching capacity, existing technologies and methods often have limited effectiveness and are unlikely to significantly improve soil conditions in a short period.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0007] Dig several trenches with a depth of 60-120cm in the saline-alkali land, with the bottom of the trenches sloped at 0.1% to 0.4% in the direction of drainage.

[0008] The bottom of the trench is filled with 10-20cm of filter media, and a permeable underground pipe with a diameter of 20-70cm is placed on the filter media. The trench is then filled with filter media to a depth of 30-40cm.

[0009] The trench was filled with topsoil from the saline-alkali land.

[0010] Sampling was conducted on the topsoil of saline-alkali land, and the soil bulk density, soil layer thickness, soil moisture content, soil pH, EC value, SOC and TN content of the samples were measured. Finally, the SOC storage of the soil was calculated to obtain comprehensive nutrient information of the topsoil of saline-alkali land.

[0011] A customized improvement plan for the improver is determined by comprehensively analyzing nutrient information;

[0012] The soil amendment is applied evenly once during deep tillage using soil amendment equipment, and then evenly twice during rotary tillage.

[0013] The soil is rapidly enriched and then irrigated.

[0014] Preferably, the filter material includes gravel and crushed stone, the surface of the permeable underground pipe is covered with synthetic fiber filter cloth, and the spacing between adjacent trenches ranges from 8 to 35 m.

[0015] Preferably, the SOC reserves of the soil are calculated using the following method:

[0016] The soil weight at a specific depth is calculated using the thickness and unit weight of each soil layer.

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, m soil Soil weight per unit area (mg / hm) 2 , is the soil bulk density in g / cm³ 3 d i denoted as soil layer thickness in cm, n as the number of layers in the soil layer at a specific depth, and 100 as the unit conversion factor;

[0019] Secondly, the lightest soil weight at a specific depth is selected as the reference mass m. ref Calculate the excess soil weight (m) ex for:

[0020] M ex =M soil -M ref ;

[0021] Finally, calculate the SOC reserves:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, C SOC SOC concentration (g / kg), 0.1 is the conversion factor, SOC stock SOC reserves (mg / hm²) calculated using the equivalent weight method for SOC 2 C sn The SOC concentration in the deepest soil layer is expressed in g / kg.

[0024] Preferably, the modifier includes polyacrylamide, humic acid, nano-carbon, calcium oxide, and water.

[0025] Preferably, the rapid fattening treatment includes the following steps:

[0026] After rotary tillage and soil irrigation in saline-alkali land, gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid and humic acid are applied evenly as fertilizer.

[0027] When the land is deep-tilled and rotary-tilled again using soil improvement equipment, the soil conditioner is added evenly again.

[0028] Green manure crops are planted in the topsoil of saline-alkali land, and during the growing season, plant straw is covered and compacted into the soil.

[0029] Preferably, the soil improvement equipment includes:

[0030] Main frame;

[0031] The inner wall of the main frame is equipped with several plow frames, and a central plow blade or a side plow blade is installed on the surface of the corresponding plow frame. An angle adjuster for adjusting the central force or the angle of the side plow blade is installed on the upper surface of the plow frame.

[0032] Rotary tillage attachment;

[0033] The rotary tillage attachment is fixedly connected to one side of the main frame, and an end support frame for supporting it is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary tillage attachment.

[0034] Diffuser;

[0035] The diffuser is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main frame, and the diffuser is used to evenly disperse the modifier.

[0036] Two liquid dispensing chambers are fixedly connected to the surface of the main frame, and a storage chamber is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the two liquid dispensing chambers. The storage chamber and the two liquid dispensing chambers are all connected to the diffuser through a feeder.

[0037] drive;

[0038] The driver is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotary tiller attachment, and the driver is used to drive the rotary tiller attachment and the diffuser.

[0039] Preferably, a tail lifting structure is installed on the upper surface of the main frame, and the tail lifting structure is used to adjust the ground clearance of the rotary tiller attachment.

[0040] Preferably, the sampling of the topsoil in saline-alkali land includes random sampling;

[0041] Soil bulk density is determined using the ring sampler method;

[0042] Soil moisture content includes measurements taken using the oven-drying method;

[0043] Soil pH and EC values ​​were measured using a pH meter and an electrical conductivity meter, respectively, under a soil-to-water ratio of 1:5.

[0044] SOC and TN contents were determined using a CNS elemental analyzer;

[0045] Before SOC determination, the soil sample needs to be acidified with 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates, washed with deionized water until the pH is neutral, dried, ground and passed through a 0.15 mm soil sieve before being tested.

[0046] Preferably, the soil irrigation includes drip irrigation and flood irrigation treatments.

[0047] Preferably, the customized improvement scheme includes the basic properties of the soil, the influence of soil structure on water and salt transport, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms, in order to determine the composition and mixing ratio of the soil conditioner.

[0048] Beneficial effects:

[0049] This solution involves digging trenches in saline-alkali land and filling them with filter media and permeable underground pipes. This method effectively lowers the groundwater level, reduces the rise of salt to the surface, and prevents salinization of the topsoil. The underground drainage system removes excess surface and groundwater, preventing waterlogging, improving soil aeration and structural stability, and promoting healthy crop root growth. By combining soil irrigation and drainage systems, irrigation water can leach salts from the soil. The salts are carried by the water flow into the drainage pipes and discharged to the surface, thereby reducing soil salinity and improving the soil environment.

[0050] Simultaneously, this solution involves random soil sampling and parameter testing to obtain relevant parameters, effectively calculate SOC reserves, and propose targeted, customized improvement plans. The improvement plan provides specific ratios of soil amendments and methods for soil fertilization treatment. Combined with soil improvement equipment for deep tillage and leveling, the amendments are added three times during the process, along with rapid fertilization treatment. This comprehensive approach coordinates multiple dimensions—field structure improvement, chemical treatment, and microbial cultivation—to effectively optimize the topsoil layer of saline-alkali land.

[0051] In summary, this solution, through the scientific design and implementation of a subsurface drainage system combined with customized improvement measures and fertilization treatments, can significantly improve the tillage performance of saline-alkali land, enhance soil structure and fertility, reduce salinity, and provide a healthier growing environment for crops. It achieves sustainable improvement and efficient utilization of saline-alkali land, particularly effective in typical saline-alkali land conditions in coastal areas characterized by shallow groundwater levels, high mineralization, low-lying terrain, poor drainage, poor soil tillage, and difficulty in salt leaching. The solution alters the topsoil layer of saline-alkali land quickly and effectively, with significant improvement results.

[0052] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0053] In the attached diagram:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the soil improvement equipment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the soil improvement device of the present invention from another perspective;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main frame and plow frame of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main frame of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the rotary tillage attachment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rotary tillage attachment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driver of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the diffuser of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the angle adjuster of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effects of the control group, implementation group 1, and implementation group 2 on soil salinity in the saline-alkali farmland experiment of this invention.

[0066] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effects of the control group, implementation group 1, and implementation group 2 on crop yield in the saline-alkali land cultivation experiment of this invention.

[0067] Figure 14 This invention relates to the effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on soil bulk density.

[0068] Figure 15 This invention investigates the effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on water content, pH, and EC in the 0-60cm soil layer.

[0069] Figure 16 This invention relates to the effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on SOC, TN, and C / N in the 0-60cm soil layer.

[0070] Figure 17 This is a reference table showing the impact of different irrigation methods and fertilization treatments on SOC storage in this invention;

[0071] Figure 18 This invention illustrates the effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on yield.

[0072] Figure 19 This invention provides a partial least squares path model for the influence of soil physicochemical properties on crop yield.

[0073] In the diagram: 1. Main frame; 101. Main beam; 102. Base; 103. Movable beam; 104. Connecting seat; 105. Deflection frame; 106. Threaded slide; 107. Support plate; 108. Threaded rod; 109. Bearing seat; 2. Tail lifting structure; 21. Tripod; 22. Upright frame; 23. Hydraulic tie rod; 3. Angle adjuster; 31. Slide cylinder; 32. Lead screw; 33. Rotating screw sleeve; 34. Rotating connector; 4. Plow frame; 41. Cross brace beam; 42. Angle adjusting plate; 43. Fixed frame; 5. Feeder; 51. Manifold; 52. Merging pipe; 53. Vertical feed pipe; 54. Control valve; 6. Diffuser; 61. Bidirectional dispersion hood; 62. Flywheel; 6 3. Feed inlet; 64. Centrifugal inclined hole; 65. Directional dispersion hole; 66. Guide cover; 67. Shaft frame; 7. Driver; 71. Gear motor; 72. Motor frame; 73. Clutch; 74. Universal coupling; 8. Rotary tillage attachment; 81. Transmission bridge; 82. Traction seat; 83. Fixed seat; 84. Reinforced hanger; 85. Side cover; 86. Transmission shaft sleeve; 87. Synchronous belt pulley set; 88. Crushing shaft; 89. Crushing blade; 9. End support frame; 91. Guide slide; 92. Hydraulic jack; 93. Lifting frame; 94. End roller; 10. Side plow blade; 11. Middle plow blade; 12. Liquid mixing tank; 13. Material rack; 14. Storage tank; 15. Front roller. Detailed Implementation

[0074] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0076] like Figures 1 to 19 As shown,

[0077] A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0078] Farmland infrastructure construction:

[0079] Dig several trenches with a depth of 60-120cm in the saline-alkali land, with the bottom of the trenches sloped at 0.1% to 0.4% in the direction of drainage.

[0080] The bottom of the trench is filled with 10-20cm of filter media, and a permeable underground pipe with a diameter of 20-70cm is placed on the filter media. The trench is then filled with filter media to a depth of 30-40cm.

[0081] The trench was filled with topsoil from the saline-alkali land.

[0082] Soil parameter testing:

[0083] Sampling was conducted on the topsoil of saline-alkali land, and the soil bulk density, soil layer thickness, soil moisture content, soil pH, EC value, SOC and TN content of the samples were measured. Finally, the SOC storage of the soil was calculated to obtain comprehensive nutrient information of the topsoil of saline-alkali land.

[0084] Soil treatment:

[0085] A customized improvement plan for the improver is determined by comprehensively analyzing nutrient information;

[0086] The soil amendment is applied evenly once during deep tillage using soil amendment equipment, and then evenly twice during rotary tillage.

[0087] The soil is rapidly enriched and then irrigated.

[0088] Customized improvement solutions include basic soil properties, the impact of soil structure on water and salt transport, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms, in order to determine the composition and mixing ratio of the soil amendment.

[0089] Soil physical indicators include:

[0090] Soil particle size distribution: the proportion of sand, silt, and clay.

[0091] Soil density: including dry density and wet density.

[0092] Soil porosity: the volume ratio of pores in soil.

[0093] Moisture properties: such as water retention capacity, permeability, and drainage.

[0094] Soil structure: such as granular structure, blocky structure, etc.

[0095] Soil chemical indicators include:

[0096] pH value: Soil acidity or alkalinity.

[0097] Organic matter content: The amount of organic matter in the soil.

[0098] Nutrient content: content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements (such as zinc, iron, manganese, etc.).

[0099] Electrical conductivity: an indicator reflecting salt concentration.

[0100] Exchangeable cations: such as the exchange capacity of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc.

[0101] Soil biological indicators include:

[0102] Microbial quantity: such as the quantity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.

[0103] Microbial diversity: the abundance of different types of microorganisms.

[0104] Enzyme activity: such as the activity of soil enzymes (urease, phosphatase, etc.).

[0105] Soil animal populations: such as the number of nematodes, earthworms, etc.

[0106] Organic matter decomposition rate: the efficiency of organic matter decomposition in soil.

[0107] These indicators provide a better understanding of the soil condition, which helps determine the composition and mixing ratio of soil conditioners.

[0108] Based on the aforementioned physical, chemical, and biological indicators of the soil, in addition to adapting the soil conditioner (including polyacrylamide, humic acid, nano-carbon, calcium oxide, and water) to their specific properties, any other materials may be added, including but not limited to trace elements and fertilizers.

[0109] The basic properties of soil include physicochemical properties (soil chemical properties, soil physical properties, and soil biological properties) and soil pore characteristics (three-dimensional structure, porosity, and pore size distribution);

[0110] The impact of soil structure on water and salt transport includes regular water and salt monitoring and water infiltration parameters;

[0111] The relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms includes soil fertility (organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nutrients) and microorganisms (diversity and community composition);

[0112] The above-mentioned understanding of the impact of basic soil properties and soil structure on water and salt transport allows us to understand the influence of soil structure on water and salt transport. Furthermore, by examining the relationship between soil structure, nutrients, and microorganisms, we can develop targeted and customized improvement plans.

[0113] Case 1: Irrigation combined with agronomic measures for soil improvement in coastal saline-alkali land;

[0114] Test location: Lingang Development Zone, Huanghua City, Cangzhou, Hebei Province;

[0115] Experimental treatment: The test crop was salt-tolerant cotton, and a two-row planting pattern with one film covering all the plants was adopted. The wide row spacing (width between films) was 0.8m, the narrow row spacing was 0.4m, and the plant spacing was 0.3m. The experiment employed a split-plot design. The main treatment consisted of two irrigation water source treatments (deep well water with a total salinity of 1 g / L and sea ice water with a total salinity of 3 g / L, both using flood irrigation). The secondary treatments included two mulching treatments (mulch film and mulch film + liquid film. The liquid film used polyacrylamide dissolved in the irrigation water, with a pre-sowing irrigation dosage of 10 g / t and a flowering dosage of 5 g / t). Four fertilization treatments were also included (control: no fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer alone, organic and inorganic fertilizers combined, and soil conditioner and inorganic fertilizer combined). The inorganic fertilizer dosage was 120 kg / hm² of pure N, 45 kg / hm² of P₂O₅, and 90 kg / hm² of K₂O. The organic fertilizer used was bio-organic fertilizer (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and moisture content were 2.35%, 1.39%, 1.25%, and 42.9%, respectively), at a dosage of 3000 kg / hm². The soil conditioner used was gypsum, at a dosage of (5000-1...). 0000)kg / hm2

[0116] Experimental results: The soil desalination rate in the 0-20cm soil layer was significantly lower than that in the other three treatments. The soil desalination rate in the 0-40cm soil layer of the plot treated with soil conditioner and inorganic fertilizer was significantly higher than that in the plot treated with inorganic fertilizer alone (P<0.05), approximately 53%. The soil desalination rate in the plot treated with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer was 55% higher than that in the inorganic fertilizer alone treatment (P<0.05). The soil desalination rate in the 0-60cm soil layer of the inorganic fertilizer alone treatment was significantly lower than that in the no-fertilizer treatment (P<0.05).

[0117] Because liquid film can improve the physical properties of soil, reduce the erosive effect of irrigation water, accelerate the infiltration of irrigation water, and promote the leaching of salt ions from the soil, it provides a suitable saline environment for the root system of seedlings. During the harvest period, due to the long-term leaching of soil salts by rainy season precipitation, there was no significant difference in soil salinity at all levels in the plots with and without liquid film applied within a 1m soil depth (P>0.05).

[0118] Applying inorganic fertilizers has a certain antagonistic effect on soil salt leaching. Combining inorganic fertilizers with soil conditioners can promote soil aggregate formation, increase soil permeability, and accelerate soil salt leaching. Reasonable agronomic practices can mitigate the inhibitory effect of high soil salinity on cotton emergence rates, with the combined application of conditioners and inorganic fertilizers contributing the most to cotton emergence rates.

[0119] Case 2: Improving coastal saline-alkali land by combining underground pipe drainage with biochar-based fertilizer;

[0120] Test site: Agricultural Yellow River Delta High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone, Dongying City, Shandong Province;

[0121] Experimental Treatments: Buried pipes were laid at intervals of 10, 20, and 30 meters, with a burial depth (deeper end) of 1.1 meters. Four pipes were laid in each plot. The pipes were perforated PVC corrugated pipes, 80 mm in diameter, with a slope of 1‰. Each pipe was 80 meters long and wrapped with non-woven fabric, surrounded by a 10 cm layer of filter material. Four treatments were designed, including trench digging, filter material laying, and pipe installation: control (CK), biochar (BC), biochar + humic acid (BCF), high-carbon organic fertilizer (C1N0), and high-carbon organic fertilizer + nano-carbon (C1N1). Each treatment was replicated three times. Each plot was 40 m². High-carbon organic fertilizer (400 kg / mu), biochar, and humic acid were tilled to the top 0-20 cm of soil before sowing and applied in a single application. Nano-carbon (400 ml / m²) was applied by foliar spraying during the sunflower seedling and flowering stages.

[0122] Experimental results: Soil salinity is closely related to underground pipe drainage. Increased drainage flow leads to increased salt removal and decreased soil salinity. Salt content was significantly reduced above and 5 cm below the underground pipes in all treatments, indicating a clear desalination trend. Compared to the underground pipe drainage area, the open ditch drainage area showed less change in major ions, suggesting that underground pipe drainage has a significant effect on reducing salt ion content.

[0123] The root biomass and stem weight of sunflower treated with biochar were significantly greater than those in the control group (p<0.05). Application of high-carbon-based organic fertilizer and nano-carbon / biochar can promote crop growth and development to some extent, increasing aboveground and belowground biomass by about 10%. Sunflower yield increased to varying degrees under different biochar amounts and fulvic acid treatments. The 100-seed weight was significantly increased in both C1N0 and C1N1 treatments (p<0.05), with the highest yield per acre in the C1N1 treatment, 1.2 times that of the control group. The application of fulvic acid to biochar improved soil aggregate structure and pore characteristics, increasing infiltration capacity by 1.9 times, promoting soil salt leaching in the root zone and inhibiting surface salt accumulation, and increasing soil organic carbon content by 20%.

[0124] The application of biochar and fulvic acid can promote crop growth and development to a certain extent, increasing the biomass of both aboveground and underground parts by about 10%. Biochar and fulvic acid also have a good water retention effect in the 0-40cm soil layer during the seedling stage, ensuring normal emergence of sunflowers. This indicates that biochar and fulvic acid have good water retention properties and can promote downward water transport to a certain extent, resulting in a high water retention effect. Sunflower yield increased to varying degrees under different amounts of biochar and fulvic acid treatments. The 100-seed weight was significantly increased in both C1N0 and C1N1 treatments (p<0.05), with the highest yield per acre in the C1N1 treatment, which was 1.2 times that of the control group.

[0125] Case 3: Straw return to the field + green manure biological improvement technology for coastal saline-alkali land;

[0126] Experimental site: Agricultural Yellow River Delta High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone, Dongying City, Shandong Province;

[0127] Experimental treatments: Four treatments were included: control, vetch, sesbania, and alfalfa. A randomized block design was used, with each plot measuring 8m x 8m and three replicates. Green manure crops were planted in the topsoil of saline-alkali land, and the plant straw was incorporated into the soil during the growing season. Weeding and tilling were carried out once 20 days after emergence. No fertilization or irrigation was applied during the growing season. After harvesting the green manure, the above-ground parts were chopped and evenly spread on-site, followed by tilling and compaction of the top 20cm of soil using small machinery.

[0128] Experimental results: Soil salinity showed a continuous decreasing trend during the early growth stage of green manure. Salt-tolerant green manure is a type of plant that can grow in highly saline-alkali environments, and planting these plants is an effective way to improve saline-alkali land. Salt-tolerant green manure can grow normally in highly saline-alkali environments, absorbing excess salt and toxic substances in the soil, thereby reducing soil salinity. At the same time, planting salt-tolerant green manure can also increase the content of soil organic matter and active minerals, improving soil drought resistance and fertility.

[0129] The advantages of salt-tolerant green manure are: it can provide abundant nutrients, ensuring sufficient nutrition for crop growth; it can restore the ecosystem of saline-alkali land and improve the soil environment; it can protect soil microorganisms and biodiversity; it can improve soil fertility and drought resistance, and reduce plant mortality and death rates. Green manure treatments significantly reduced soil organic matter (EC), with alfalfa-sweet treatment showing the largest reduction. Turning over green manure increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 0.8–1.26 g / kg, 0.1–0.24 g / kg, 0.5–2.65 mg / kg, and 1.8–10.1 mg / kg, respectively.

[0130] Intercropping green manure significantly affected soil salinity. In the 0–20 cm soil layer, compared with the control (CK) treatment, the intercropping green manure treatment showed a reduction in soil salinity, with average reductions of 37.46%, 38.92%, and 40.64% over three years, respectively. The intercropping green manure treatment also significantly reduced soil bulk density (P<0.05). Intercropping green manure and incorporating it into the soil effectively reduced soil bulk density, especially in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The intercropping green manure treatment also significantly reduced soil pH, with average reductions of 7.76%, 8.52%, and 8.93% over three years, respectively. Overall, intercropping green manure and incorporating it into the soil effectively reduced soil pH, with 3-row and 4-row intercropping showing the best effect in inhibiting the rise of soil pH. The average yield of maize treated with intercropping green manure increased by 6%–8%. The green manure and incorporation method effectively improves saline-alkali soil, enhances soil fertility, and promotes crop yield increase, making it a good comprehensive improvement and utilization technology model for saline-alkali land.

[0131] Green manure crops include hairy vetch, sesbania, and alfalfa. These green manure crops are planted in the topsoil of saline-alkali land to utilize their salt tolerance to improve the soil, absorb excess salt, and improve soil structure and fertility.

[0132] The main steps regarding standard planting techniques are as follows:

[0133] A randomized block design was used, with each treatment's green manure crop planted in an 8m×8m plot, and the results were replicated three times to ensure data reliability.

[0134] Weeding should be carried out once 20 days after the green manure crops emerge, and after the green manure growth period ends, the above-ground parts along with the covering plant straw should be turned into the top 20cm of the soil to promote the return of organic matter and improve soil fertility.

[0135] During the growing season, no fertilizer or irrigation is applied to the green manure crops, preserving the original ecological conditions of the soil. Through this technique, green manure crops grow in a high-salt-alkali environment, reducing soil salinity while increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, and enhancing soil fertility.

[0136] Case 4: Improvement of Soil Structure in Saline-Alkali Land Along the Yellow River Irrigation Area by Combining Irrigation with Organic Materials

[0137] Experimental location: Dalad Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. The test environment is a temperate continental climate on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, with an average annual temperature of 6.1-7.1℃, an average annual sunshine of 3000h, an average annual precipitation of 200-400mm, mainly concentrated in July to September, an annual evaporation of 2000-2400mm, and an average annual frost-free period of 130-140 days. The soil at the experimental site was loam. The basic soil properties of the 0-20cm soil layer were: bulk density 1.39 g / cm³, pH 8.27, electrical conductivity (EC) 2140 μS / cm, salt content 7.80 g / kg, soil organic carbon (SOC) 7.51 g / kg, total nitrogen (TN) 0.92 g / kg, and available phosphorus 20.98 mg / kg. The basic soil properties of the 20-40cm soil layer were: bulk density 1.32 g / cm³, pH 8.20, EC 2220 μS / cm, salt content 7.90 g / kg, SOC 8.15 g / kg, TN 0.93 g / kg, and available phosphorus 19.75 mg / kg. This indicates severely saline-alkali soil.

[0138] Experimental Treatments: The experiment employed a split-plot design. The main plot included two irrigation methods: flood irrigation and drip irrigation. The subplot included four fertilization treatments (more than four): chemical fertilizer alone (F), chemical fertilizer + straw (FS), chemical fertilizer + cow manure (FM), and chemical fertilizer + high-carbon organic fertilizer. Each treatment had three replicate plots, each 100 m². Flood irrigation was conducted 15 days before sowing, with a water volume of 750 m³ / hm². Intelligent integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation was implemented after sowing. The drip irrigation time was controlled by a real-time conductivity meter and a vacuum tension meter installed below the transmitter. Drip irrigation was automatic when the soil conductivity was higher than 4 dS / m and the soil matrix potential was lower than -5 kPa, with a water volume of 6 mm per irrigation. The base fertilizer application rates were N 120 kg / hm², P₂O₅ 270 kg / hm², and K₂O 72 kg / hm², and the application was integrated with fertilization, mulching, and sowing. The amount of corn straw returned to the field was 9000 kg / hm2 (all corn straw). Based on the principle of equal organic carbon input, the application rates of cow manure and high-carbon base fertilizer were determined to be 8654 kg / hm2 and 8182 kg / hm2, respectively, which were broadcast and rotary tilled before sowing. The test crop was sunflower (Sanrui 9), planted in wide-narrow row planting at the end of May, with wide rows 100 cm wide, narrow rows 40 cm narrow, and plant spacing of 50 cm. Topdressing was applied before the budding stage (July), with N 180 kg / hm2 and K2O 48 kg / hm2. For flood irrigation plots, application was done in holes; for drip irrigation plots, application was done with drip irrigation water. Other field management practices remained consistent.

[0139] Experimental results: Figure 14 It can be seen that, compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil bulk density in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers (P < 0.05). Figure 14In the 0-20cm soil layer, compared to treatment F, the soil bulk density of FS decreased by 6.59% and 4.05% under flood irrigation and drip irrigation, respectively. In the 20-40cm soil layer, the bulk density of FS under flood irrigation was 6.34% lower than that of treatment F; the bulk density of FH under drip irrigation was 3.45% higher than that of treatment F. Soil moisture content showed an increasing trend with increasing soil depth (e.g., ...). Figure 15 (As shown in a, b, and c). Meanwhile, the soil moisture content in the drip irrigation treatment was higher than that in the flood irrigation treatment. Under flood irrigation conditions, compared with treatment F, the FS treatment significantly increased the moisture content in the 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers, with increases of 18.55%, 33.05%, and 5.53%, respectively; the FM treatment increased the moisture content in the 40-60 cm soil layer by 11.61%; while the FH treatment increased the moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer by 16.64%. Under drip irrigation conditions, compared with treatment F, FS increased the moisture content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers by 5.94% and 11.11%, respectively; however, in the 40-60 cm soil layer, the moisture content of FM significantly decreased by 7.89%, while the moisture content of FH significantly increased by 6.69%. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the irrigation method significantly affected the SOC content, with flood irrigation generally showing a lower effect than drip irrigation (e.g., ...). Figure 16 (As shown in a). Meanwhile, the addition of materials increased the SOC content under both flood irrigation and drip irrigation conditions. Specifically, compared with F, the SOC of FS and FH increased significantly by 10.74% and 4.50% under flood irrigation conditions; under drip irrigation conditions, the SOC of FM and FH increased significantly by 5.73% and 13.51% respectively. TN content showed a higher level under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation (e.g., TN content is higher under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation). Figure 16 (As shown in d). Under flood irrigation conditions, the TN content of FS was 6.11% higher than that of the F treatment, but the TN content of FH was 4.17% lower than that of the F treatment; under drip irrigation conditions, FM and FH significantly increased the TN content by 14.20% and 8.46%, respectively. The C / N ratio was lower under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation. Under flood irrigation conditions, FH significantly increased the C / N ratio; while under drip irrigation conditions, FM significantly decreased the C / N ratio.

[0140] The addition of organic materials plays an important role in carbon sequestration and productivity improvement in saline-alkali land. The results of this study show that, compared to F, the FS, FM, and FH treatments under flood irrigation and drip irrigation increased sunflower yield (e.g., Figure 18 As shown in the figure, the addition of materials can increase crop yield in saline-alkali land. Bulk density, moisture content, EC, SOC, and C / N ratio are the main factors affecting crop yield. Partial least squares path analysis also shows that the added materials can increase crop yield by increasing carbon sequestration and reducing salinity, with a total effect of 0.460. In conclusion, drip irrigation and material addition in saline-alkali land can improve crop yield by improving soil structure, reducing soil salinity, and increasing soil nutrients.

[0141] Experiment Summary:

[0142] In summary, the results show that both treatment groups effectively regulated soil salinization in the main cultivated layer. Treatment group two (C1N1) showed the largest decrease in soil electrical conductivity (EC), with soil salinity decreasing by 15% to 30%. Regarding sunflower growth, both treatment groups showed significant effects, with root biomass and stem weight significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), and aboveground and belowground biomass increasing by approximately 10%. The 100-seed weight significantly increased in both C1N0 and C1N1 treatment groups (P<0.05), with the C1N1 treatment group exhibiting the highest sunflower yield per acre, 1.2 times that of the control group.

[0143] To alleviate the salinity problem in saline-alkali land, soil irrigation is used for salt leaching and suppression, and drainage measures are employed to remove salt. However, due to water scarcity, flood irrigation presents problems of over-irrigation and under-irrigation. This experiment was conducted under temperate continental climate conditions, employing two irrigation methods—flood irrigation and drip irrigation—and four fertilization treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (F), chemical fertilizer plus straw (FS), chemical fertilizer plus cow manure (FM), and treatments involving gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid, humic acid, and a soil conditioner (FH). The results showed that under drip irrigation conditions, soil bulk density significantly decreased, water content increased, EC value significantly decreased, and SOC and TN contents significantly increased. Therefore, drip irrigation combined with fertilizers can significantly improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, reduce salinity, and increase crop yield in saline-alkali land.

[0144] The above experiments demonstrate that this scheme has multiple roles and significant benefits in the treatment of saline-alkali land. Firstly, by excavating trenches, filling them with filter media, and installing permeable underground pipes, the scheme effectively lowers the groundwater level, reduces the rise of salt to the surface, and prevents surface soil salinization. This improves soil structure, significantly enhances permeability and drainage, and reduces waterlogging. Secondly, soil parameter testing scientifically assessed the soil's improvement needs. Based on this, the mixing ratio of the soil amendment was determined, and combined with deep tillage and rotary tillage, the amendment was applied evenly, further enhancing the soil structure improvement effect. In particular, the application of high-carbon-based organic fertilizer and biochar / nanocarbon significantly improved the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promoted the effective utilization of fertilizers, and enhanced crop growth and development. The combination of rapid fertilization treatment and irrigation measures also played a crucial role. By applying a variety of fertilizers, including gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid, and humic acid, and using drip or flood irrigation, soil salinity was effectively leached, soil electrical conductivity was reduced, and soil fertility and crop yield were improved. Furthermore, planting green manure crops and covering them with plant straw, which was then incorporated into the soil during their growing season, not only increased soil organic matter but also further improved soil structure, reduced soil erosion, and promoted healthy crop growth. The experimental results showed that the second group (C1N1) experienced the greatest reduction in soil salinity and a significant increase in sunflower yield per acre.

[0145] Overall, this scheme, through scientific design and comprehensive application of soil conditioners, combined with deep tillage, rotary tillage, and irrigation, can rapidly and effectively improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land, enhance soil fertility, prevent salt accumulation and rise, achieve sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land, and significantly increase crop yield. These multiple effects and significant benefits make this scheme of great value for widespread application in saline-alkali land management.

[0146] Soil sampling was conducted in September. Random sampling was used to collect soil samples from the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers using a ring sampler, and soil samples from the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers using a soil auger. Two parallel pools were collected from each plot, and three replicates were performed for each treatment. Soil samples collected by the soil auger were sieved through a 2 mm soil sieve and air-dried for determination of basic soil physicochemical properties.

[0147] Soil bulk density was determined using the ring sampler method; soil moisture content was determined using the oven-drying method; soil pH and EC values ​​were determined using a pH meter and a conductivity meter, respectively (soil-to-water ratio 1:5); SOC and TN contents were determined using a CNS elemental analyzer. Before SOC determination, soil samples were acidified with 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates, washed with deionized water until pH was neutral, dried, ground, and passed through a 0.15 mm soil sieve before being analyzed. C / N is the ratio of SOC to TN.

[0148] Soil SOC reserves are calculated using the following methods:

[0149] The soil weight at a specific depth is calculated using the thickness and unit weight of each soil layer.

[0150]

[0151] In the formula, m soil Soil weight per unit area (mg / hm) 2 , ρ b Soil bulk density (g / cm³) 3 d i denoted as soil layer thickness in cm, n as the number of layers in the soil layer at a specific depth, and 100 as the unit conversion factor;

[0152] Secondly, the lightest soil weight at a specific depth is selected as the reference mass m. ref Calculate the excess soil weight (m) ex for:

[0153] M ex =M soil -M ref ;

[0154] Finally, calculate the SOC reserves:

[0155]

[0156] In the formula, C SOC SOC concentration (g / kg), 0.1 is the conversion factor, SOC stock SOC reserves (mg / hm²) calculated using the equivalent weight method for SOC 2 Csn is the SOC concentration in the deepest soil layer (g / kg).

[0157] By calculating the reserves of SOC, we can understand the basic shape of the soil and provide a good reference for the proportion of relevant chemical materials added for targeted soil improvement, which mainly includes the proportion of biochar and nano-carbon added.

[0158] Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of irrigation and fertilization treatments and their interactions on soil bulk density, water content, pH, EC, SOC and TN content, C / N ratio, and sunflower yield at different soil layers. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of different fertilization treatments under each irrigation method on soil physicochemical properties and sunflower yield. The least significant difference (LSD) method was used to compare the means, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. Figure 19As shown, the partial least squares path model (PLS-Pm) was used in R with the "plsp m" package to analyze the relationship between irrigation method and fertilization treatment, soil physicochemical properties and yield. The reliability of PLS-Pm was evaluated based on explained variance (R²) and goodness of fit. Plotting and correlation analysis were performed using Origin 2021.

[0159] In the 0-20cm soil layer, irrigation method significantly affected SOC content, with flood irrigation showing a lower content than drip irrigation (e.g., ...). Figure 16 (As shown in a). Meanwhile, the addition of materials increased the SOC content under both flood irrigation and drip irrigation conditions. Specifically, compared with F, the SOC of FS and FH increased significantly by 10.74% and 4.50% under flood irrigation conditions; under drip irrigation conditions, the SOC of FM and FH increased significantly by 5.73% and 13.51% respectively. TN content showed a higher level under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation (e.g., TN content is higher under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation). Figure 16 (As shown in d). Under flood irrigation conditions, the TN content of FS was 6.11% higher than that of the F treatment, but the TN content of FH was 4.17% lower than that of the F treatment; under drip irrigation conditions, FM and FH significantly increased the TN content by 14.20% and 8.46%, respectively. The C / N ratio was lower under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation. Under flood irrigation conditions, FH significantly increased the C / N ratio; while under drip irrigation conditions, FM significantly decreased the C / N ratio.

[0160] At a soil depth of 20-40 cm, the SOC content of the flood irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the drip irrigation treatment (e.g., ...). Figure 16 (As shown in b). Under flood irrigation, the SOC of the FS, FM, and FH treatments was significantly higher than that of the F treatment, increasing by 27.85%, 11.84%, and 8.19%, respectively. Under drip irrigation, the SOC of FM and FH increased significantly by 7.28% and 12.00%, respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in TN content between flood irrigation and drip irrigation (P > 0.05). Figure 16 (As shown in e). Under flood irrigation, the TN of FS and FM increased by 15.98% and 6.07%, respectively, but that of FH decreased by 7.17%; under drip irrigation, the TN of FM and FH increased by 13.62% and 19.52% compared to F. Irrigation method did not significantly change the C / N ratio of this soil layer (P > 0.05; as shown in e). Figure 16 (As shown in h). Under flood irrigation, the C / N ratios of FS and FH were significantly higher than those of the F treatment, but under drip irrigation, there was no significant difference in C / N among the fertilization treatments.

[0161] In the 40-60cm soil layer, irrigation method significantly affected SOC content, with flood irrigation showing lower levels than drip irrigation (e.g., ...). Figure 16(As shown in c). Under flood irrigation conditions, the SOC of FM, FS, and FH increased significantly by 9.35%, 7.50%, and 3.83% compared to F, respectively; under drip irrigation conditions, only the SOC of FS increased significantly by 4.76% compared to F. Irrigation method had no significant effect on TN content (e.g., Figure 16 (As shown in f). Under flood irrigation, only FM showed a significant decrease of 14.04% compared to F; under drip irrigation, the TN content of FS, FM, and FH were all lower than that of the F treatment, decreasing by 6.11%, 14.55%, and 13.38%, respectively. The effect of irrigation method on C / N was less pronounced under flood irrigation than under drip irrigation (e.g., f). Figure 16 (As shown in i). Under flood irrigation, the C / N ratio of the FM treatment was significantly higher than that of the F treatment; while under drip irrigation, the C / N ratios of FS, FM, and FH were significantly higher than those of F by 19.68%, 19.68%, and 15.16%, respectively.

[0162] In the 0-20cm soil layer, the SOC storage is higher under drip irrigation conditions than under flood irrigation (e.g., Figure 17 (As shown in a). Under flood irrigation, the SOC storage of FS increased significantly by 9.15% compared to F; under drip irrigation, the SOC storage of FM and FH increased by 5.69% and 13.00% respectively compared to F. In the 0-40 cm soil profile, there was no significant difference in SOC storage between flood and drip irrigation conditions (P > 0.05). Compared to F, the SOC storage of FS, FM, and FH increased by 18.62%, 6.48%, and 6.00% under flood irrigation, respectively; while the SOC storage of FM and FH increased by 6.49% and 13.00% respectively under drip irrigation.

[0163] Overall, when sunflowers are grown as a crop, the yield is significantly higher under drip irrigation conditions than under flood irrigation conditions (e.g., ...). Figure 18 (As shown). Under flood irrigation, compared with F, the yields of FS, FM, and FH increased significantly by 15.81%, 10.81%, and 20.21%, respectively. Under drip irrigation, the yields of FM and FH were significantly increased by 16.85% and 21.54% compared with the F treatment.

[0164] Specifically, such as Figures 2 to 11 As shown: Soil improvement equipment includes:

[0165] The main frame 1 includes a main beam 101 as the main support. One end of the main beam 101 is fixedly connected to a connecting seat 104. Both ends of the connecting seat 104 are movably connected to a deflector frame 105 via pins. One end of the deflector frame 105 is movably connected to a support plate 107 via a pin. The opposite ends of the two support plates 107 are movably connected to a threaded slide block 106 that slides on the surface of the main beam 101. A threaded rod 108 is threaded through the surface of the threaded slide block 106. A bearing seat 109 is rotatably disposed on the surface of the threaded rod 108. The bearing seat 109 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the main beam 101. A base 102 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the main beam 101. Movable beams 103 are movably connected to both sides of the base 102 via pins.

[0166] The inner wall of the main frame 1 is equipped with several plow frames 4, and a central plow blade 11 or a side plow blade 10 is installed on the surface of the corresponding plow frame 4. An angle adjuster 3 for adjusting the angle of the central force or the side plow blade 10 is installed on the upper surface of the plow frame 4.

[0167] Among them, three plow frames 4 are fixedly connected to the ends of the main beam 101 and one end of the two deflection frames 105. The upright frame 22 includes a cross brace beam 41 fixed to the main frame 1. The inner wall of the cross brace beam 41 is movably connected to an adjustable height angle adjustment plate 42 by a pin. The bottom end of the angle adjustment plate 42 is fixedly connected to a fixing frame 43 for installing the middle plow blade 11 or the side plow blade 10. The surface of the angle adjustment plate 42 is movably connected to the top end of the angle adjuster 3. The angle adjuster 3 is movably connected to the upper surface of the cross brace beam 41.

[0168] By rotating the threaded rod 108, the threaded rod 108 rotates on the surface of the bearing seat 109. At the same time, the surface of the threaded rod 108 slides on the surface of the main beam 101 with the threaded slide 106 under the threaded engagement. When the threaded slide 106 is displaced, it deflects the support plates 107 on both sides through the pin. At the same time, after the tilt angle of the support plates 107 changes, it drives the deflection frame 105 to rotate. The deflection frame 105 moves on one side of the connecting seat 104 through the pin. The two deflection components change the angle of the figure-eight shape, which changes the distance between the two side plow blades 10. The position of the middle plow blade 11 remains unchanged, so that the range of its deep plowing process can be adjusted slightly.

[0169] The angle adjuster 3 includes a slide cylinder 31 that is movably connected to the upper surface of the cross brace beam 41 via a pin. A rotating screw sleeve 33 is rotatably provided at one end of the slide cylinder 31. A lead screw 32 is threaded through the inner wall of the rotating screw sleeve 33. A rotating connector 34 is fixedly connected to the top end of the lead screw 32. The surface of the rotating connector 34 is movably connected to one side of the angle adjusting plate 42 via a pin.

[0170] By rotating the rotating sleeve 33, which rotates at one end of the slide cylinder 31, its inner wall thread fits on the surface of the lead screw 32. When rotating, the lead screw 32 can be moved by the thread action. When the lead screw 32 moves, it causes the angle adjustment plate 42 to deflect through the rotating connector 34. When the angle adjustment plate deflects, it causes the side plow blade 10 and the middle plow blade 11 to change the tilt angle and height through the fixing frame 43, so as to achieve different depths of tillage operations.

[0171] The rotary tillage attachment 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the main frame 1, and an end support frame 9 for supporting it is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary tillage attachment 8.

[0172] The rotary tillage attachment 8 includes a traction seat 82 fixed to one end of the tail lifting structure. Two fixed seats 83 are fixed below the traction seat 82. The two fixed seats 83 are fixedly connected to one end of the movable beam 103. The traction seat 82 and the two fixed seats 83 are together fixed to a transmission bridge 81. Both sides of the transmission bridge 81 are provided with side covers 85 for connecting to the transmission shaft sleeve 86. A crushing shaft 88 is provided below the transmission shaft sleeve 86. The crushing shaft 88 and one end of the transmission shaft sleeve 86 are provided with a synchronous belt pulley set 87 for transmission. When the driver 7 drives the transmission bridge 81 to rotate, the transmission bridge 81 drives the power shaft in the transmission shaft sleeve 86 to rotate through the reversing coupling in the side covers 85. The power shaft drives the crushing shaft 88 to rotate in the transmission shaft sleeve 86 through the belt pulley set, thereby causing the crushing blades 89 on the surface of the crushing shaft 88 to refine and level the soil.

[0173] The diffuser 6 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main frame 1. The diffuser 6 is used to evenly disperse the modifier.

[0174] The diffuser 6 includes a flywheel 62 that is driven by one end of the driver 7. One end of the flywheel 62 is rotatably mounted on a shaft bracket 67 via a bearing. The shaft bracket 67 is fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of two movable beams 103. The flywheel 62 rotates on the inner wall of a bidirectional dispersion hood 61. A guide hood 66 is fixedly connected to one side of the bidirectional dispersion hood 61. A feed inlet 63 is provided on one side of the flywheel 62. Several centrifugal inclined holes 64 are provided on the arc-shaped sidewall of the flywheel 62. Several directional dispersion holes 65 are fan-shaped on the upper and lower sides of the bidirectional dispersion hood 61. When the flywheel rotates, the modifier is directed towards the centrifugal inclined holes 64. The soil conditioner is dispersed around the perimeter and sprayed out through the directional dispersion holes 65 on the upper and lower sides within the bidirectional dispersion cover 61. The diffuser 6 is inclined and located between the side plow blades 10 and the rotary tillage attachment 8. The lower dispersion hole, in a fan shape, sprays the soil conditioner onto the surface of the saline-alkali soil after deep tillage by the central plow blade 11 and the two side plow blades 10, completing the first uniform application of the soil conditioner. At the same time, the upper dispersion hole, also in a fan shape, sprays the soil conditioner upwards in a parabolic arc, passing diagonally upwards over the rotary tillage attachment 8. After the rotary tillage attachment 8 levels the ground, the soil conditioner is applied uniformly a second time.

[0175] Two liquid dispensing chambers 12 are fixedly connected to the surface of the main frame 1. A storage chamber 14 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the two liquid dispensing chambers 12. The storage chamber 14 and the two liquid dispensing chambers 12 are all connected to the diffuser 6 through the feeder 5.

[0176] The liquid preparation tank 12 includes two liquid preparation tanks 12 fixed to the upper surface of the movable beam 103, and a storage tank 14 fixed between the two liquid preparation tanks 12. A material rack 13 is provided on the upper surface of each liquid preparation tank 12. The feeder 5 includes a confluence pipe 52 communicating with the two liquid preparation tanks 12. A vertical feed pipe 53 and a manifold 51 are connected to the surface of the confluence pipe 52. The manifold 51 is fixedly connected to a guide hood 66. The vertical feed pipe 53 is connected to the storage tank 14, and a control valve 54 is provided on the surface of the vertical feed pipe 53. During use, polyacrylamide (C3) is fed through the confluence pipe. A mixture of H5NO)n, humic acid, nano-carbon, and calcium oxide is added to either the mixing chamber 12 or the storage chamber 14. The mixing chamber 12 contains water. Depending on the actual needs of the soil, other chemical amendments are added. Those soluble in water are added to the mixing chamber 12, while those insoluble in water are added to the storage chamber 14. The relevant chemical amendments are uniformly mixed in the mixing chamber 12 and enter the manifold 51 through the confluence pipe 52. Under the action of the diffuser 6, the mixture is dispersed. At the same time, the storage chamber 14 controls the discharge speed through the material control valve 54. The mixture can be mixed with water in the confluence pipe 52 or directly enter the manifold 51 in granular or powder form. During this process, the rotation of the flywheel 62 generates a suction force, which completes the uniform attraction of the amendment.

[0177] In summary, this solution can achieve deep tillage and rotary tillage, while simultaneously coordinating the primary and secondary application of soil conditioners. It boasts high overall operational efficiency, fast processing speed, strong specialization for saline-alkali land treatment, and excellent improvement of the field structure of the topsoil layer in saline-alkali land.

[0178] The driver 7 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotary tiller 8. The driver 7 is used to drive the rotary tiller 8 and the diffuser 6.

[0179] The driver 7 includes a geared motor 71, and motor frames 72 are fixedly connected to both sides of the geared motor 71. The motor frames 72 are fixed to the opposite surfaces of two movable beams 103. The two output shafts of the geared motor 71 drive the transmission bridge 81 and the universal coupling 74 respectively. The other end of the universal coupling 74 is fixedly connected to one end of the flywheel 62.

[0180] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown: A tail lifting structure is installed on the upper surface of the main frame 1. The tail lifting structure is used to adjust the ground clearance of the rotary tillage attachment 8.

[0181] The tail-end lifting structure includes a stand 22 movably connected to the upper surface of the bearing seat 109 via a pin. One end of the stand 22 is movably connected to a hydraulic rod 23 via a pin, and the bottom end of the hydraulic rod 23 is movably connected to the upper surface of the connecting seat 104 via a pin. The other end of the stand 22 is movably connected to the inner wall of the traction seat 82 via a pin. The tail-end lifting structure also includes a tripod 21 fixed to the surface of the stand 22.

[0182] When the hydraulic rod 23 extends or retracts, it can control the deflection angle of the upright frame 22. When the upright frame 22 deflects, it controls the height of the traction seat 82. When the overall height of the rotary tiller 8 changes, it causes the movable beam 103 to deflect, thus achieving stable lifting and lowering control of the rotary tiller 8.

[0183] While the lifting and lowering are being carried out, the end support frame 9 retracts and extends through the hydraulic push rod 92. The hydraulic push rod 92 can slide the lifting frame 93 on the inner wall of the guide slide 91, so that its end roller 94 rises and falls accordingly. It can provide support for rotary tillage attachment 8 at different heights.

[0184] The front roller 15 and the end roller 94 enable overall support and rolling movement.

[0185] In summary, this solution combines targeted optimization and transformation of the topsoil structure of saline-alkali land with chemical treatment and rapid fertilization to enable crop planting after the transformation of the topsoil. Simultaneously, the use of specialized soil improvement equipment, through clever design and multiple functions, allows for efficient deep tillage and rotary tillage of saline-alkali land, as well as the uniform application of soil conditioners, achieving comprehensive improvement of the topsoil.

[0186] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Including the following methods: Dig several trenches with a depth of 60-120 cm in the saline-alkali land, with the bottom of the trenches sloped at 0.1% to 0.4% in the direction of drainage; The bottom of the trench is filled with 10-20 cm of filter media, and a permeable underground pipe with a diameter of 20-70 cm is placed on the filter media. The trench is then filled with filter media to a depth of 30-40 cm. The trench was filled with topsoil from the saline-alkali land. Sampling was conducted on the topsoil of saline-alkali land, and the soil bulk density, soil layer thickness, soil moisture content, soil pH, EC value, SOC and TN content were measured. Finally, the SOC storage of the soil was calculated to obtain comprehensive nutrient information of the topsoil of saline-alkali land. The SOC storage of the soil was calculated using the following methods: The soil weight at a specific depth is calculated using the thickness and unit weight of each soil layer. ； In the formula, M soil Soil weight per unit area (mg / hm) 2 ; ρ b Soil bulk density (g / cm³) 3 ; d i The soil layer thickness is in centimeters. n The number of layers in a soil layer at a specific depth; 10 11 This is the unit conversion factor; Secondly, the lightest soil weight at a specific depth is selected as the reference mass. M ref Calculate the weight of excess soil M ex for: M ex = M soil - M ref ； Finally, calculate the SOC reserves: ； In the formula, C SOC SOC concentration (g / kg); 10 14 This is the unit conversion factor; M stock SOC reserves (mg / hm²) calculated using the equivalent weight method for SOC 2 ; C sn The SOC concentration in the deepest soil layer is expressed in g / kg. A customized improvement plan for the improver is determined by comprehensively analyzing nutrient information; The soil amendment is applied evenly once during deep tillage using soil amendment equipment, and then evenly twice during rotary tillage. The soil is rapidly enriched and then irrigated.

2. The method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter media includes gravel and crushed stone, the surface of the permeable underground pipe is covered with synthetic fiber filter cloth, and the spacing between adjacent trenches ranges from 8 to 35 m.

3. The method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modifiers include polyacrylamide, humic acid, nano-carbon, calcium oxide, and water.

4. The method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid fattening process includes the following steps: After rotary tillage and soil irrigation in saline-alkali land, gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid and humic acid are applied evenly as fertilizer. When the land is deep-tilled and rotary-tilled again using soil improvement equipment, the soil conditioner is added evenly again. Green manure crops are planted in the topsoil of saline-alkali land, and during the growing season, plant straw is covered and compacted into the soil.

5. A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil improvement equipment includes: Main frame (1); The inner wall of the main frame (1) is equipped with several plow frames (4), and a central plow blade (11) or a side plow blade (10) is installed on the surface of the corresponding plow frame (4). An angle adjuster (3) for adjusting the angle of the central force or the side plow blade (10) is installed on the upper surface of the plow frame (4). Rotary tillage attachment (8); The rotary tillage attachment (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the main frame (1), and an end support frame (9) for supporting it is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary tillage attachment (8). Diffuser (6); The diffuser (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main frame (1), and the diffuser (6) is used for the uniform spraying and dispersion of the modifier; Two liquid dispensing chambers (12) are fixedly connected to the surface of the main frame (1), and a storage chamber (14) is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the two liquid dispensing chambers (12). The storage chamber (14) and the two liquid dispensing chambers (12) are all connected to the diffuser (6) through the feeder (5). Driver (7); The driver (7) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotary tillage attachment (8), and the driver (7) is used to drive the rotary tillage attachment (8) and the diffuser (6); The upper surface of the liquid preparation chamber (12) is fixedly connected to a material rack (13), and the lower surface of the main frame (1) is provided with front rollers (15).

6. A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper surface of the main frame (1) is equipped with a tail lifting structure (2), which is used to adjust the ground clearance of the rotary tillage attachment (8).

7. A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling of the topsoil in saline-alkali land includes random sampling; Soil bulk density was determined using the ring sampler method; Soil moisture content was measured using the oven-drying method; Soil pH and EC values ​​were measured using a pH meter and an electrical conductivity meter, respectively, under a soil-to-water ratio of 1:

5. SOC and TN contents were determined using a CNS elemental analyzer; Before SOC determination, the soil sample was acidified with 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates, washed with deionized water until the pH was neutral, dried, ground and passed through a 0.15 mm soil sieve before being tested.

8. A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that, The soil irrigation includes drip irrigation and flood irrigation treatments.

9. A method for rapidly improving the structure of topsoil in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The customized improvement scheme includes: determining the composition and mixing ratio of the soil amendment based on the basic properties of the soil, the influence of soil structure on water and salt transport, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms.

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