A step-by-step grouting method for sealing and preventing leaks in underground engineering projects, capable of detecting water flow channels.

Abstract

This invention discloses a step-by-step grouting method for sealing and stopping leaks in underground engineering, capable of detecting water flow channels, belonging to the field of grouting and water-stopping technology for underground engineering. The method includes: first, during the underground engineering excavation process, surveying and detecting the leaking area to determine the approximate channel and location of the flowing water; setting up a grouting hole layout scheme and implementing step-by-step grouting; sealing the flowing water channel in the leaking area using a viscous grout obtained by mixing first grouting material A and first grouting material B; after the flowing water channel is sealed, injecting a second grouting material to achieve full-section reinforcement of the leaking area; finally, observing the flowing water inflow at the grouting holes and the water flow channel, and checking and analyzing the grouting and water-stopping effect based on theoretical knowledge. This invention uses the methods of "surveying and detecting," "step-by-step grouting," and "non-destructive testing" to improve the grouting and water-stopping effect, achieving effective sealing and reinforcement of the leaking area, and ensuring the safety and stability of the underground structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground engineering grouting and water plugging technology, specifically relating to a method for step-by-step grouting and sealing to stop leakage in underground engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Groundwater inrush hazards cause the highest direct economic losses among all underground disasters, severely impacting the stable construction and safe production of underground engineering projects. Groundwater inrush hazards are characterized by their high degree of concealment, destructiveness, difficulty in surveying and monitoring, difficulty in prevention and control, and wide-ranging impact. Therefore, controlling groundwater inrush hazards has become a key and challenging aspect of disaster prevention and mitigation in underground engineering. To ensure the safety and efficiency of underground engineering construction, scientific construction methods and water-blocking materials can effectively promote the sealing of water in leaking areas.

[0003] Current technologies for addressing sudden water inrush damage generally employ three methods: dredging and drainage, a combination of dredging and blocking, and grouting for water plugging. Drainage and water plugging can effectively reduce the pressure and flow rate of flowing water, but dredging requires significant time and effort to construct drainage structures, and excessive drainage can severely impact the underground ecosystem. Regarding grouting for water plugging, existing construction methods are simplistic, using basic chemical grouting materials or cement-water glass mixtures to seal the leaking area. This only provides a rough seal, lacking a basis for selecting the location and spacing of grouting holes. The simplicity of existing grouting methods and the limited material properties make them highly susceptible to secondary seepage and water inrush in rock strata with well-developed fissures. Furthermore, the lack of long-term monitoring after grouting for water plugging prevents the water plugging effect from remaining stable and effective in the long term.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and effective grouting and water plugging construction method and a new type of grouting material to solve the shortcomings of traditional grouting and water plugging in terms of construction methods and materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a step-by-step grouting method for sealing and stopping leaks in underground engineering projects that can detect water flow channels. It adopts the methods of "investigation and detection", "step-by-step grouting" and "non-destructive testing" to improve the grouting and water-stopping effect, achieve effective sealing and reinforcement of the leaking area, and ensure the stability and integrity of the underground structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, characterized by the following steps:

[0008] S1. During the underground engineering mining process, conduct surveys and tests on the leakage area to determine the approximate channel and location of the flowing water;

[0009] S2. A grouting hole layout scheme is designed based on the water inflow and crack development in the water flow channel, and grouting is carried out in stages. The specific steps are as follows:

[0010] S21. Injecting the first grouting material A to modify the aquifer or delamination water-conducting channel, wherein the first grouting material A comprises the following raw materials by weight:

[0011] The composition includes 850-900 parts of composite cement, 5-8 parts of water-reducing agent, 100-150 parts of expansion agent, 0.5-1 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 10-15 parts of retarder, 10-15 parts of defoamer, and 5-10 parts of early-strength agent.

[0012] S22. When the grout comes into contact with the fracture wall of the surrounding rock, it produces an adsorption effect to form an adsorbed water film, which changes the fracture seepage space, increases the seepage resistance, reduces the dynamic water flow pressure, and injects the first grouting material B. The mixture of B and the first grouting material A makes the grout viscous and solidifies.

[0013] The first grouting material B, by weight, comprises the following raw materials:

[0014] 8000-10000 parts water glass, 8000-10000 parts water, 10-15 parts carboxypropyl methylcellulose, 20-25 parts polyanionic cellulose, 35-50 parts composite food gum, and 5-25 parts sodium polyacrylate;

[0015] The composite food gum, by weight, is composed of 20-30 parts guar gum, 20-30 parts xanthan gum, 20-30 parts sodium alginate and 30-40 parts sucrose fatty acid ester.

[0016] The water glass in the first grouting material B forms a cement flocculent similar to slag after contacting the first grouting material. The guar gum and xanthan gum in the composite food adhesive are used together to form a gel structure to improve the viscosity, stability and crack resistance of the cement grout. The sodium alginate comes into contact with calcium ions in the cement and forms a gel structure. The sucrose fatty acid ester is used as an emulsifier.

[0017] S23. In the leaking area, a viscous mixed grout material obtained by mixing the first grouting material A and the first grouting material B appears. The proportion of the first grouting material B is increased to block the water flow channel, so as to reduce the water flow pressure.

[0018] S3. After the water channel is sealed, inject the second grouting material to reinforce the entire cross-section of the leaking area;

[0019] S4. After grouting, water plugging, and reinforcement are completed, observe the dynamic water flow in the grouting holes and water flow channels, and check and analyze the grouting and water plugging effect in combination with theoretical knowledge.

[0020] The above-mentioned method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, wherein the exploration and detection step S1 is to add conductive materials to ordinary silicate cement grout to grout the leaking area, monitor the conductivity in real time, and observe the distribution area of ​​the water flow channels and the degree of development of cracks in the leaking area.

[0021] In the above-mentioned method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, the specific steps of the grouting hole step scheme in S2 are as follows: when the roadway is a roadway undergoing repair or expansion, and the cracks are relatively developed, a full-section grouting scheme is selected. The spacing between the grouting holes in the full-section grouting scheme is no more than 4m, and water is blocked from both sides of the roadway towards the middle area; when the roadway is a newly excavated roadway, a point-to-point grouting scheme is implemented.

[0022] In the above-mentioned method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, in step S2, when the water flow rate is less than 15L / min, the first grouting material A is directly injected to modify the aquifer or the water channel of the delamination layer; when the water flow rate is greater than 15L / min, the method of first draining and then injecting is adopted; the outer end of the grouting hole used for grouting is connected to a grout stop plug, which can expand under the action of grouting pressure in the grouting hole and squeeze the inner wall of the grouting hole.

[0023] In the above-mentioned method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, in S2, during the initial grouting and sealing, the volume ratio of the first grouting material A to the first grouting material B is 1:0.2 to 0.4. After successful sealing, the sealing stage is carried out, and the volume ratio of the high-fluidity, fast-setting, high-strength, anti-dispersion grouting material to the modified alkali-activated material is 1:0.5 to 0.8. The grouting pressure does not exceed 5 MPa.

[0024] In the above-mentioned method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, in step S3, the second grouting material includes the following raw materials by weight: 900-950 parts of ultrafine silicate cement, 4-6 parts of water-reducing agent, 50-100 parts of expansion agent, 3-10 parts of quick-setting agent, 20-50 parts of nano-silica, and 0.5-1 parts of graphene oxide.

[0025] The above-mentioned method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels that can detect water flow channels uses ultrafine silicate cement with a particle size of 2000 mesh.

[0026] Another objective of this invention is to provide a system for the aforementioned method of step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, which can detect water flow channels. This system includes a water inflow monitoring system, a radar non-destructive testing system, and a data analysis system. The water inflow monitoring system is used to detect changes in water inflow before and after grouting. The radar non-destructive testing system includes a signal transmitting antenna and a signal receiving antenna. The signal transmitting antenna transmits high-frequency electromagnetic waves underground. When the electromagnetic waves encounter interfaces with electrical differences, they are reflected. The signal receiving antenna receives and records the reflected data, which is then analyzed by the data analysis system to ultimately determine the grouting remedial measures.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] (1) The “exploration and detection” method of the present invention uses conductive materials such as metal powder to add to ordinary silicate cement slurry to grout the leakage area and monitor parameters such as conductivity in real time. It can accurately detect the distribution area of ​​water flow channels and the degree of development of cracks in the leakage area, providing a basis for setting the grouting hole layout scheme, and can effectively improve the efficiency and effect of grouting and water plugging.

[0029] (2) This invention employs a "distributed grouting" method to improve upon the limitations of traditional grouting and water-blocking methods. First grouting material A is used to modify the aquifer or delamination water-conducting channels. When the grout comes into contact with the surrounding rock fissure walls, it generates an adsorption effect, forming an adsorbed water film. This alters the fissure seepage space, increases seepage resistance, reduces dynamic water flow pressure, and even approximates static water. Next, first grouting material B is injected in combination with first grouting material A, rapidly thickening and solidifying. This solidified body differs from the brittle solidified body of ordinary cement-water glass; the solidified body produced by this material mixture has better viscosity, plasticity, and is less prone to fracture, effectively sealing water flow channels. Finally, a second grouting material is used to grout the entire cross-section of the original leaking area, injecting micro-nano grout into tiny fissures to achieve grouting reinforcement. This achieves the goals of "instant water stoppage, permanent reinforcement, and prevention of recurrence."

[0030] (3) This invention employs "radar non-destructive testing" to conduct long-term monitoring of leaking areas that have already been sealed, predicting the possibility of secondary water inrush in advance, analyzing the causes using electromagnetic waves, and implementing grouting remedial measures. This eliminates the need for secondary repairs, improves the efficiency of grouting and water plugging, and ensures the effectiveness of grouting and water plugging.

[0031] In summary, this invention proposes a step-by-step grouting method for sealing and preventing leakage in underground engineering projects, which can detect water flow channels. The method involves the distributed injection of the first grouting material A and the second grouting material B, combined with improvements in the raw materials of both materials. Compared with the one-step grouting method in the prior art, the method of this invention has a better sealing effect. The method of this invention is simple to operate and easy to promote and apply. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a step-by-step grouting and sealing method for detecting water flow channels in underground engineering, according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection status of the grouting pipeline during grouting according to the present invention;

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 1. Dual-liquid grouting machine; 2. Grouting tank for first grouting material B; 3. Grouting tank for first grouting material A; 4. Grout suction port; 5. Grout outlet; 6. T-joint; 7. Pressure gauge; 8. Pressure relief valve; 9. Surrounding rock of the tunnel; 10. Sealing device; 11. Grouting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] In the description of this application, the words "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish different objects and do not limit the quantity or order of execution, nor do they imply that they must be different. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0039] The technical solution of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The main technical concept of this invention is as follows: First, by surveying and detecting the leaking area, the approximate channel and location of the flowing water are determined. Then, based on the water inrush and crack development in the water flow channel, a grouting hole arrangement scheme is set up, and step-by-step grouting is carried out. By improving the first grouting material A and the first grouting material B, and combining them with the step-by-step grouting method, a viscous mixed grout can be quickly formed in the leaking area. Then, by combining it with the second grouting material, the entire cross-section of the leaking area can be reinforced.

[0041] All raw materials used in the first grouting material A, the first grouting material B, and the second grouting material described in this invention can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0042] The first grouting material A of the present invention comprises the following raw materials by weight: 850-900 parts of composite cement, 5-8 parts of water-reducing agent, 100-150 parts of expansion agent, 0.5-1 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 10-15 parts of retarder, 10-15 parts of defoamer, and 5-10 parts of early strength agent.

[0043] The aforementioned composite cement refers to a composite material made by adding fillers, chemical additives, and water through a composite process, with ultrafine silicate cement as the matrix, alkali-resistant glass fiber, general synthetic fiber, various ceramic fiber, carbon and aramid high-performance fibers, metal wire, and natural plant and mineral fibers as reinforcements; the aforementioned water-reducing agent can be sodium lignosulfonate water-reducing agent, naphthalene-based high-efficiency water-reducing agent, aliphatic high-efficiency water-reducing agent, amino high-efficiency water-reducing agent, or polycarboxylate high-efficiency water-reducing agent.

[0044] Preferably, the water-cement mass ratio in the first grouting material A is 0.8 to 1:1.

[0045] The first grouting material B of this invention comprises the following raw materials by weight: 8000-10000 parts of water glass, 8000-10000 parts of water, 10-15 parts of carboxypropyl methylcellulose, 20-25 parts of polyanionic cellulose, 35-50 parts of composite food gum, and 5-25 parts of sodium polyacrylate; the composite food gum by weight is composed of 20-30 parts of guar gum, 20-30 parts of xanthan gum, 20-30 parts of sodium alginate, and 30-40 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester.

[0046] Although the raw materials used in the first grouting material A and the first grouting material B mentioned above are all common raw materials in the existing technology, their combined use can bring about significant beneficial technical effects. The principle is explained in detail below.

[0047] When the first grouting material A comes into contact with the first grouting material B, the presence of water glass in grouting material B causes grouting material A and water glass to form cement flocs resembling slag. Meanwhile, the carboxypropyl methylcellulose in grouting material B dissolves rapidly in cold water, and the polyanionic cellulose and sodium polyacrylate enhance the viscosity of the cement flocs, causing them to aggregate into clumps. At this point, the composite food gum in grouting material B acts as a "reinforcing steel." Guar gum, when combined with xanthan gum, can form a gel structure, improving the viscosity, stability, and crack resistance of the cement slurry. The gel structure formed when sodium alginate in the composite food gum comes into contact with calcium ions in the composite cement further increases the viscosity and stability of the slurry, enhancing its crack resistance and toughness. Sucrose fatty acid esters in composite food gums act as emulsifiers, refining and stabilizing particles in cement paste, improving the fluidity and uniformity of the paste, and increasing the bond between the cement paste and the soil. By using guar gum, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, and sucrose fatty acid esters as composite food gums, multiple mechanisms such as thickening, gelation, emulsification, and bonding can significantly improve the mechanical properties, durability, and workability of cement and concrete, providing an innovative and effective material reinforcement method for engineering applications.

[0048] The second grouting material in this invention is a fast-hardening, early-strength, high-fluidity, rapid-setting, expanding micro / nano grouting reinforcement material, the raw materials of which include the following:

[0049] 2000 mesh ultrafine silicate cement, water-reducing agent, expanding agent, quick-setting agent, nano silica, graphene oxide.

[0050] Furthermore, by weight, its proportions are 900-950 parts of 2000-mesh ultrafine silicate cement, 4-6 parts of water-reducing agent, 50-100 parts of expansion agent, 3-10 parts of quick-setting agent, 20-50 parts of nano-silica, and 0.5-1 parts of graphene oxide.

[0051] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a step-by-step grouting and sealing method for detecting water flow channels in underground engineering, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1. During the underground engineering mining process, the leakage area is investigated and detected to determine the approximate channel and location of the flowing water. The specific steps of the investigation and detection are: adding conductive materials such as metal powder to ordinary silicate cement slurry, grouting exploration of the leakage area, real-time monitoring of parameters such as conductivity, observation of the distribution area of ​​water flow channels and the degree of development of cracks in the leakage area, and based on this, setting up a grouting hole layout scheme.

[0054] The above-mentioned grouting hole arrangement scheme is as follows: when the roadway is a repair or expansion roadway, the fissures are relatively developed, so a full-section grouting scheme is selected (the spacing between grouting holes should not exceed 4m), and water is blocked from both sides towards the middle area; when the roadway is a newly excavated roadway, the rock mass is relatively intact and there are almost no fissures, so a point-to-point grouting scheme is implemented.

[0055] Furthermore, the construction method is selected according to the water flow rate. Specifically, with a water flow rate of 15L / min as the standard, when the water flow rate is less than 15L / min, the first grouting material A is directly injected to modify the aquifer or the water-conducting channel of the separation layer; when the water flow rate is greater than 15L / min, the method of first draining and then injecting should be considered.

[0056] Furthermore, when setting up grouting holes, a grout stop plug is connected to the outer end of the grouting hole. The grout stop plug can expand under the action of grouting pressure inside the grouting hole, squeezing the inner wall of the grouting hole to prevent grout leakage along the hole wall. The grout stop plug contains a one-way valve, which only allows external grout to enter the interior and prevents grout from flowing out from the interior.

[0057] S2. After the grouting hole layout design is completed, grouting will be carried out in stages. The specific steps are as follows:

[0058] S21. Inject the first grouting material A to modify the aquifer or delamination water conduction channel. When the grout comes into contact with the surrounding rock fissure wall, it produces an adsorption effect to form an adsorbed water film, which changes the fissure seepage space, increases the seepage resistance, reduces the dynamic water flow pressure, and even turns it into approximately static water.

[0059] S22. Inject the first grouting material B, which mixes with the first grouting material A to make the grout viscous and solidify.

[0060] S23. In the leaking area, a viscous grout mixture obtained by mixing the first grouting material A and the first grouting material B appears. The proportion of the first grouting material B is increased to block the water flow channel, so as to reduce the water pressure or even stop the water flow.

[0061] S3. After the water channel is sealed, inject the second grouting material to reinforce the entire cross-section of the leaking area;

[0062] S4. After grouting, water plugging, and reinforcement are completed, observe the dynamic water flow in the grouting holes and water flow channels, and check and analyze the grouting and water plugging effect in combination with theoretical knowledge.

[0063] Furthermore, during the initial grouting and leak-stopping stage, the volume ratio of the first grouting material A to the first grouting material B is 1:0.2 to 0.4. After successful sealing, the hole sealing stage is carried out, and the volume ratio of the first grouting material A to the first grouting material B is 1:0.5 to 0.8. The grouting pressure should not exceed 5MPa.

[0064] Example 1:

[0065] Applying the method of this invention to practical engineering projects, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the required equipment includes a dual-liquid grouting machine 1, a grouting tank 2 for the first grouting material B, a grouting tank 3 for the first grouting material A, a suction port 4, a discharge port 5, a tee connector 6, a pressure gauge 7, a pressure relief valve 8, surrounding rock of the tunnel 9, a sealing device 10, and a grouting pipe 11. The dual-liquid grouting machine 1, the grouting tank 2 for the first grouting material B, and the grouting tank 3 for the first grouting material A provide the second grouting material, the first grouting material B, and the first grouting material A, respectively. A suction port 4 and a discharge port 5 are provided on the side of the dual-liquid grouting machine 1. Both the grouting tank 2 for the first grouting material B and the grouting tank 3 for the first grouting material A are connected to the suction port 4 via their respective pipes. The discharge port 5 is connected to the tee connector 6, the pressure gauge, and the sealing device 10 via pipes. The upper end of the sealing device 10 is connected to the grouting pipe 11.

[0066] After the above systems are installed, a water inflow monitoring system, a radar non-destructive testing system, and a data analysis system are deployed. A water inflow monitoring station is set up underground to monitor changes in seepage water volume before and after grouting. The radar non-destructive testing system includes a signal transmitting antenna and a signal receiving antenna. The transmitting antenna transmits high-frequency electromagnetic waves (1MHz~10GHz) underground. When the electromagnetic waves encounter interfaces (cracks) with electrical differences, they are reflected. The receiving antenna receives and records the reflected data. The collected data is analyzed and processed using digital filtering and deconvolution methods in the data analysis system to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. Then, abnormal signal strength enhancements and frequency changes are analyzed on the radar reflection waveform to determine the location, length, width, and depth of the leakage area. The leakage area is monitored over a long period, with checks every 10 days for the first three months, and then every two months thereafter, to predict the possibility of secondary water inflow. Electromagnetic wave detection is used to analyze the causes and implement grouting remedial measures.

[0067] Any parts not mentioned in this invention can be achieved by referring to existing technologies.

[0068] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any appropriate changes and variations made to the above embodiments within the essential spirit and scope of this application fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. During the underground engineering mining process, conduct surveys and tests on the leakage area to determine the approximate channel and location of the flowing water; S2. A grouting hole layout scheme is designed based on the water inflow and fracture development in the water flow channel, and grouting is carried out in stages. The specific steps are as follows: S21. Injecting the first grouting material A to modify the aquifer or delamination water-conducting channel, wherein the first grouting material A comprises the following raw materials by weight: The composition includes 850-900 parts of composite cement, 5-8 parts of water-reducing agent, 100-150 parts of expansion agent, 0.5-1 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 10-15 parts of retarder, 10-15 parts of defoamer, and 5-10 parts of early-strength agent. S22. When the grout comes into contact with the fracture wall of the surrounding rock, it produces an adsorption effect to form an adsorbed water film, which changes the fracture seepage space, increases the seepage resistance, reduces the dynamic water flow pressure, and injects the first grouting material B. The mixture of B and the first grouting material A makes the grout viscous and solidifies. The first grouting material B, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 8000-10000 parts water glass, 8000-10000 parts water, 10-15 parts carboxypropyl methylcellulose, 20-25 parts polyanionic cellulose, 35-50 parts composite food gum, and 5-25 parts sodium polyacrylate; The composite food gum, by weight, is composed of 20-30 parts guar gum, 20-30 parts xanthan gum, 20-30 parts sodium alginate and 30-40 parts sucrose fatty acid ester. The water glass in the first grouting material B forms a cement flocculent similar to slag after contacting the first grouting material. The guar gum and xanthan gum in the composite food adhesive are used together to form a gel structure to improve the viscosity, stability and crack resistance of the cement grout. The sodium alginate comes into contact with calcium ions in the cement and forms a gel structure. The sucrose fatty acid ester is used as an emulsifier. S23. When a viscous mixed grouting material A and B appears in the leaking area, the proportion of the first grouting material B is increased to block the water flow channel and reduce the water pressure. S3. After the water channel is sealed, inject the second grouting material to reinforce the entire cross-section of the leaking area; S4. After grouting and water plugging are completed, observe the seepage of the grouting holes and water flow channels, and check and analyze the effect of grouting and water plugging based on theoretical knowledge.

2. The method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exploration and detection steps in S1 involve adding conductive materials to ordinary silicate cement grout to grout the leaking area, monitoring the conductivity in real time, and observing the distribution area of ​​water flow channels and the degree of development of cracks in the leaking area.

3. The method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the specific steps of the grouting hole procedure are as follows: when the roadway is a roadway undergoing repair or expansion, and the cracks are relatively developed, a full-section grouting procedure is selected. The spacing between the grouting holes in the full-section grouting procedure is no more than 4m, and water is blocked from both sides of the roadway towards the middle area; when the roadway is a newly excavated roadway, a point-to-point grouting procedure is implemented.

4. The method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels that can detect water flow channels, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In S2, when the water flow rate is less than 15L / min, the first grouting material A is directly injected to modify the aquifer or the water channel of the delamination layer; when the water flow rate is greater than 15L / min, the method of first draining and then injecting is adopted; the outer end of the grouting hole used for grouting is connected to a grout stop plug, which can expand under the action of grouting pressure in the grouting hole and squeeze the inner wall of the grouting hole.

5. The method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels that can detect water flow channels, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In S2, during the initial grouting and leak-stopping stage, the volume ratio of the first grouting material A to the first grouting material B is 1:0.2 to 0.

4. After successful sealing, the hole sealing stage is carried out, and the volume ratio of the high-fluidity, fast-setting, high-strength, anti-dispersion grouting material to the modified alkali-activated material is 1:0.5 to 0.

8. The grouting pressure does not exceed 5 MPa.

6. The method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels that can detect water flow channels, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In S3, the second grouting material, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 900-950 parts of ultrafine silicate cement, 4-6 parts of water-reducing agent, 50-100 parts of expansion agent, 3-10 parts of quick-setting agent, 20-50 parts of nano-silica, and 0.5-1 parts of graphene oxide.

7. A method for step-by-step grouting and sealing of underground engineering water flow channels that can detect water flow channels, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: The particle size of ultrafine silicate cement is 2000 mesh.

8. A system used in a step-by-step grouting and sealing method for detecting water flow channels in underground engineering, as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The system includes a water inflow monitoring system, a radar non-destructive testing system, and a data analysis system. The water inflow monitoring system is used to detect changes in water inflow before and after grouting. The radar non-destructive testing system includes a signal transmitting antenna and a signal receiving antenna. The signal transmitting antenna transmits high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the ground. When the electromagnetic waves encounter an interface with electrical differences, they are reflected. The signal receiving antenna receives and records the reflected data. The data analysis system analyzes the data to determine the grouting remedial measures.

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