A device and method for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant root pull-out resistance simulation, and specifically relates to a device and a method for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance, the device comprises a fixed plate and a test pit, a pulling and measuring mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the fixed plate, a root simulation mechanism is arranged in the test pit, an adjustment component and a sealing component are arranged on the root simulation mechanism, the root simulation mechanism comprises a simulated pile body, a motor is fixedly connected to the top of the simulated pile body, a screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and a piston is connected to the simulated pile body. The device and method for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance can adjust the angle of the simulated root rod according to actual needs through the use of the root simulation mechanism and the adjustment component, and at the same time adjust the length of the inner rod extended, so that it can simulate the root growth state of each plant, and improve the accuracy and reliability of subsequent pull-out resistance measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant root pullout resistance simulation, in particular to a device and a method for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pullout resistance. Background Art

[0002] The pull-out resistance of the root system is one of the important indicators to measure the strength of the root system's anchoring effect on the soil, and it is also a key parameter in the study of the root system's soil-fixing mechanism.

[0003] At present, in the prior art, a Chinese patent with the announcement number CN115452565B discloses a device and a method for quickly simulating the root growth of trees and shrubs and measuring their pull-out resistance. The device simulates the anchoring effect of the root system and performs pull-out resistance measurement. The material is simple and easy to obtain, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the controllability is strong, which has great advantages over using real plants.

[0004] However, when the device is actually used, due to the diversity of plant species, their roots show different degrees of spread growth during the growth process. This means that although the root simulation component of the device is intended to simulate the growth of plant roots for subsequent pull-out resistance measurement, in actual operation, this simulation component lacks sufficient flexibility to make corresponding adjustments. The root simulation component of the device is relatively fixed in design and function, and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. This results in that when simulating the roots of certain specific plants, the component may not accurately match the actual growth state of the root system, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent pull-out resistance measurement. In view of this, the present invention proposes a device and a measurement method for simulating the growth of plant roots and measuring their pull-out resistance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for simulating the growth of plant roots and measuring their pull-out resistance, which can solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance comprises a fixing plate and a test pit, wherein a pulling measuring mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the fixing plate, a root simulation mechanism is arranged in the test pit, an adjusting component and a sealing component are arranged on the root simulation mechanism, and the root simulation mechanism comprises:

[0008] A simulated pile body, wherein a motor is fixedly connected to the top of the simulated pile body, and a screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor;

[0009] Piston 1, the piston 1 is connected in the simulated pile body, a square column is fixedly connected to the upper side of the piston 1, the square column slides with the inner wall of the simulated pile body, and the square column is threadedly connected with the screw;

[0010] A root system simulation component, wherein the root system simulation component is arranged at the bottom of a simulated pile body, an oil tank is provided in the simulated pile body, and the oil tank is filled with oil; wherein the root system simulation component comprises a hollow ball, a simulated root rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow ball, a piston in the inner wall of the simulated root rod is connected to piston 2, an inner rod is fixedly connected to the lower side of piston 2, a thin rod is provided on the outer wall of the inner rod, the top of the thin rod is elastically connected to the inner rod by a torsion spring, the piston 2 is elastically connected to the inner wall of the simulated root rod by a return spring, the hollow ball is movably connected in a connecting block, an elastic airtight pad is inlaid and installed in the connecting block, and through the use of the elastic airtight pad, the simulated root rod can be sealed in the process of oil entering the simulated root rod after the angle is adjusted, so as to prevent the oil from overflowing from the gap between the hollow ball and the connecting block.

[0011] Preferably, the connection block is fixedly connected to the lower side of the simulated pile body, and a through opening is opened on the lower side of the simulated pile body, and the through opening and the hollow ball are in the same vertical plane.

[0012] Preferably, the pulling measurement mechanism includes an electric telescopic frame, which is fixedly connected to the upper side of a fixed plate, a winding roller is provided on the upper side of the fixed plate, a steel rope is wound on the winding roller, an end of the steel rope away from the winding roller is fixedly connected to a hook, a fixing piece is hung on the hook, and the fixing piece is fixedly connected to the top of the simulated pile body, and a tension sensor is provided on the hook. Through the use of the tension sensor, the pull-out resistance of the root simulation mechanism can be measured after it is placed in a test pit and covered with soil.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a fixed seat, a slide plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat, the slide plate is elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat by a connecting spring, a cam is tightly attached to the side of the slide plate away from the connecting spring, the cam is penetrated by the positioning shaft and fixedly connected to the positioning shaft, a cross bar is fixedly connected to the side of the slide plate away from the cam, an end of the cross bar away from the slide plate is hinged with a hinged rod, an end of the hinged rod away from the cross bar is hinged to a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is fixed to the simulated root rod.

[0014] Preferably, a square groove is opened inside the positioning shaft, and a square block is slidably connected in the square groove, the square block and the square groove are elastically connected by a tightening spring, a rotating rod is fixedly connected to the lower side of the square block, a toothed disc 1 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed seat, and the rotating rod passes through toothed disc 2 and is fixedly connected to toothed disc 2.

[0015] Preferably, the cross bar passes through the inner wall of the fixed seat and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat, and the toothed disc one is meshed with the toothed disc two, and the rotating rod can be fixed by meshing the toothed disc two with the toothed disc one, and the rotating rod can rotate when the toothed disc two and the toothed disc one are disengaged.

[0016] Preferably, the sealing assembly includes an air column, which is embedded in a connecting block, the piston in the air column is connected to piston three, the air column is connected to the elastic airtight pad via a connecting pipe, the lower side of piston three is fixedly connected to an L rod, the end of the L rod away from piston three is fixedly connected to a ring, when the rotating rod is pulled to move downward, the rotating rod drives the ring to descend, and then the L rod pulls piston three, and the gas in the elastic airtight pad enters the air column through the connecting pipe, and after the L rod drives piston three to move upward and reset, the gas in the air column enters the elastic airtight pad through the connecting pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the circular ring is penetrated by a rotating rod and is rotatably connected to the rotating rod, and the circular ring is rotatably connected to the lower side of the second toothed disc.

[0018] Preferably, the root system simulation components are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of root system simulation components are arranged in a circular array simulating the central axis of the pile body.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Pull down the rotating rod first, the block moves downward to compress the spring, and the engagement between the second toothed disc and the first toothed disc is disengaged. Then rotate the rotating rod, the block drives the positioning shaft to rotate, and then the cam rotates, and the cross bar drives the hinged rod to move, adjust the angle of the simulated root rod, and simulate the scattered growth mode of the plant root system;

[0021] S2. When the simulated root rod angle is adjusted, the rotating rod drives the ring to move downward, the L rod drives the piston 3 to move downward, the gas in the elastic airtight cushion enters the air column through the connecting pipe, and the elastic airtight cushion contracts to reduce the friction with the simulated root rod;

[0022] S3. After adjusting the angle of the simulated root rod, the rotating rod is opened, the spring is pressed against and reset, the toothed disc 2 is re-engaged with the toothed disc 1, and the angle of the simulated root rod is fixed. The L rod drives the piston 3 to move upward and reset, and the gas in the gas column enters the elastic gasket through the connecting pipe, and the elastic gasket seals the simulated root rod;

[0023] S4, start the motor, the output shaft of the motor drives the screw to rotate, and then the square column drives the piston 1 to move downward, squeezing the oil in the oil tank into the simulated root rod, and then the piston 2 is squeezed to drive the inner rod to move out of the simulated root rod, simulating the growth length of the plant root system, and the motor is turned off after the adjustment is completed;

[0024] S5. Place the root system simulation mechanism into the test pit and cover it with soil. Then fix the fixing parts to the simulated pile body, start the winding roller to rotate, and the steel rope pulls the hook to move. The hook lifts the root system simulation mechanism, and its pull-out resistance is measured by the reading of the tension sensor.

[0025] The present invention provides a device and a method for simulating the growth of plant roots and measuring their pull-out resistance. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) Through the use of the root simulation mechanism and the adjustment component, the angle of the simulated root rod can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the length of the inner rod can be adjusted at the same time, so that it can simulate the root growth state of each plant and improve the accuracy and reliability of subsequent pull-out force measurement.

[0027] (2) Through the use of the root simulation mechanism, after the inner rod extends out to simulate the root rod, the thin rod can be opened under the action of the torsion spring to simulate the tiny roots of the plant root system. After the inner rod shrinks to simulate the root rod, the thin rod can shrink close to the inner rod, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the device in simulating the growth of plant roots and measuring their pull-out resistance.

[0028] (3) Through the use of the adjustment component and the sealing component, when the angle of the simulated root rod needs to be adjusted during the use of the device, the gas in the elastic airtight pad enters the air column through the connecting tube, and the elastic airtight pad contracts to reduce the friction with the simulated root rod. After the angle of the simulated root rod is adjusted, the rotating rod is opened, the spring is pressed to reset, and the gear plate 2 is re-engaged with the gear plate 1 to fix the angle of the simulated root rod. The L rod drives the piston 3 to move upward and reset, and the gas in the air column enters the elastic airtight pad through the connecting tube. The elastic airtight pad seals the simulated root rod to ensure the stable use of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the root simulation component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of A;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the regulating component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cam structure of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the root simulation component and the regulating component of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1. fixed plate; 2. test pit; 3. pulling measurement mechanism; 4. root system simulation mechanism; 5. adjustment component; 6. sealing component; 31. electric telescopic frame; 32. winding roller; 33. steel rope; 34. hook; 35. fixing piece; 41. simulated pile; 42. motor; 43. screw rod; 44. square column; 45. piston 1; 46. oil tank; 47. root system simulation component; 471. hollow ball; 472 , simulated root rod; 473, piston two; 474, inner rod; 475, thin rod; 476, connecting block; 477, elastic airtight pad; 51, fixed seat; 52, slide plate; 53, cam; 54, positioning shaft; 55, cross bar; 56, hinged rod; 57, block; 58, rotating rod; 59, gear disc one; 510, gear disc two; 61, air column; 62, piston three; 63, connecting pipe; 64, L rod; 65, ring.

[0040] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] See also Figure 1-Figure 9The present invention proposes a device for simulating the growth of plant roots and measuring their pull-out resistance, comprising a fixing plate 1 and a test pit 2, wherein a pulling and measuring mechanism 3 is arranged on the upper side of the fixing plate 1, and a root simulation mechanism 4 is arranged in the test pit 2. After the root simulation mechanism 4 is placed in the test pit 2, the pull-out resistance of the root simulation mechanism 4 is detected by covering the test pit 2 with soil and then pulling the root simulation mechanism 4, and an adjusting component 5 and a sealing component 6 are arranged on the root simulation mechanism 4.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to be able to simulate the growth of the root simulation mechanism 4, specifically, the root simulation mechanism 4 includes a simulation pile body 41, a piston 45 and a root simulation component 47, the top of the simulation pile body 41 is fixedly connected to a motor 42, the output shaft of the motor 42 is fixedly connected to a screw 43, the piston 45 is connected to the simulation pile body 41, the upper side of the piston 45 is fixedly connected to a square column 44, the square column 44 slides with the inner wall of the simulation pile body 41, the square column 44 is threadedly connected to the screw 43, the root simulation component 47 is arranged at the bottom of the simulation pile body 41, and the root simulation component 47 is provided with multiple The root system simulation components 47 are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the simulated pile body 41, an oil tank 46 is provided in the simulated pile body 41, and the oil tank 46 is filled with oil, the root system simulation components 47 include a hollow ball 471, a simulated root rod 472 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow ball 471, a piston in the inner wall of the simulated root rod 472 is connected to a piston 2 473, an inner rod 474 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the piston 2 473, a thin rod 475 is provided on the outer wall of the inner rod 474, the top of the thin rod 475 is elastically connected to the inner rod 474 through a torsion spring, and the piston 2 473 and the inner wall of the simulated root rod 472 are connected by a compound The hollow ball 471 is movably connected to the connecting block 476, and an elastic airtight pad 477 is embedded in the connecting block 476. The connecting block 476 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the simulated pile body 41. A through hole is opened on the lower side of the simulated pile body 41, and the through hole and the hollow ball 471 are in the same vertical plane. By starting the motor 42, the output shaft of the motor 42 drives the screw 43 to rotate, and then the square column 44 drives the piston 1 45 to move downward, squeezing the oil in the oil tank 46 into the simulated root rod 472, and then the piston 2 473 is squeezed to drive the inner rod 474 to move out of the simulated root rod 472, simulating the plant The growth length of the root system is determined, and then the angle of the simulated root rod 472 is adjusted according to actual needs, and the extended length of the inner rod 474 is adjusted at the same time, so that it can simulate the root growth state of each plant, and improve the accuracy and reliability of subsequent pull-out resistance measurement. At the same time, after the inner rod 474 extends out of the simulated root rod 472, the thin rod 475 can be opened under the action of the torsion spring to simulate the tiny roots of the plant root system. After the inner rod 474 shrinks to the simulated root rod 472, the thin rod 475 can shrink close to the inner rod 474, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the device in simulating the growth of plant roots and measuring its pull-out resistance.

[0044] Furthermore, in order to be able to adjust the angle of the simulated root rod 472 and simulate the scattered growth mode of the plant root system, specifically, the adjustment component 5 includes a fixed seat 51, and a slide plate 52 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat 51, and the slide plate 52 is elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat 51 through a connecting spring, and a cam 53 is tightly attached to the side of the slide plate 52 away from the connecting spring, and the cam 53 is penetrated by a positioning shaft 54 ​​and fixedly connected to the positioning shaft 54, and a cross bar 55 is fixedly connected to the side of the slide plate 52 away from the cam 53, and an end of the cross bar 55 away from the slide plate 52 is hinged with a hinged rod 56, and an end of the hinged rod 56 away from the cross bar 55 is hinged to a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is fixed to the simulated root rod 472, and a square groove is provided inside the positioning shaft 54, and a Block 57, block 57 and square groove are elastically connected by a tightening spring, a rotating rod 58 is fixedly connected to the lower side of block 57, a toothed disc 1 59 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed seat 51, the rotating rod 58 passes through the toothed disc 2 510 and is fixedly connected to the toothed disc 2 510, the cross bar 55 passes through the inner wall of the fixed seat 51 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat 51, toothed disc 1 59 is meshed with toothed disc 2 510, by pulling down the rotating rod 58, the rotating rod 58 drives the toothed disc 2 510 to disengage from the toothed disc 1 59, so that the limiting state of the rotating rod 58 is released, and then the rotating rod 58 is rotated, so that the block 57 drives the positioning shaft 54 ​​to rotate, and then drives the cam 53 to rotate, so that the cross bar 55 drives the hinged rod 56 to move, adjust the angle of the simulated root rod 472, and simulate the scattered growth mode of the plant root system.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to seal the gap between the connecting block 476 and the hollow ball 471 and prevent the oil from overflowing through the gap between the connecting block 476 and the hollow ball 471, specifically, the sealing assembly 6 includes an air column 61, the air column 61 is embedded in the connecting block 476, the piston in the air column 61 is connected to the piston three 62, the air column 61 is connected to the elastic airtight pad 477 through the connecting pipe 63, the lower side of the piston three 62 is fixedly connected to the L rod 64, the end of the L rod 64 away from the piston three 62 is fixedly connected to the ring 65, the ring 65 is penetrated by the rotating rod 58 and is rotatably connected to the rotating rod 58, the ring 65 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the gear plate two 510, and the rotating rod 58 is pulled down. When the angle of the simulated root rod 472 is adjusted, the rotating rod 58 drives the ring 65 to move downward, and the L rod 64 drives the piston three 62 to move downward, and the gas in the elastic airtight pad 477 enters the air column 61 through the connecting pipe 63, so that during the angle adjustment of the simulated root rod 472, the elastic airtight pad 477 contracts to reduce the friction with the simulated root rod 472. After the angle adjustment of the simulated root rod 472 is completed, the rotating rod 58 is loosened and the spring is pressed to reset, so that the rotating rod 58 drives the ring 65 to move upward, and then the L rod 64 drives the piston three 62 to move upward and reset, and the gas in the air column 61 enters the elastic airtight pad 477 through the connecting pipe 63. The elastic airtight pad 477 seals the simulated root rod 472 to ensure the stable use of the device.

[0046] Furthermore, in order to be able to measure the pull-out resistance of the root simulation mechanism 4, specifically, the pulling measurement mechanism 3 includes an electric telescopic frame 31, the electric telescopic frame 31 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the fixed plate 1, and a winding roller 32 is arranged on the upper side of the fixed plate 1, and a steel rope 33 is wound on the winding roller 32. The end of the steel rope 33 away from the winding roller 32 is fixedly connected to a hook 34, and a fixing part 35 is suspended on the hook 34. The fixing part 35 is fixedly connected to the top of the simulated pile body 41, and a tension sensor is arranged on the hook 34. The root simulation mechanism 4 is placed in the test pit 2, and then filled with soil, and then the fixing part 35 is fixed to the simulated pile body 41. The winding roller 32 is started to rotate, and the steel rope 33 pulls the hook 34 to move. The hook 34 lifts the root simulation mechanism 4, and its pull-out resistance is measured by the reading of the tension sensor.

[0047] It should be noted that the above-mentioned electrical components are all existing technology products. Technical personnel in this field select, install and complete the circuit debugging work according to the needs of use to ensure that all electrical appliances can work normally. The components are all universal standard parts or components known to technical personnel in this field. Their structures and principles can be known to technical personnel through technical manuals or through conventional experimental methods. The applicant does not make specific restrictions here.

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1, first pull down the rotating rod 58, the block 57 moves downward to compress the spring, the toothed disc 2 510 is disengaged from the toothed disc 1 59, and then rotate the rotating rod 58, the block 57 drives the positioning shaft 54 ​​to rotate, and then the cam 53 rotates, the cross bar 55 drives the hinged rod 56 to move, and the angle of the simulated root rod 472 is adjusted to simulate the scattered growth mode of the plant root system;

[0050] S2. When the angle of the simulated root rod 472 is adjusted, the rotating rod 58 drives the ring 65 to move downward, and the L rod 64 drives the piston 3 62 to move downward. The gas in the elastic airtight pad 477 enters the air column 61 through the connecting pipe 63, and the elastic airtight pad 477 contracts to reduce the friction with the simulated root rod 472.

[0051] S3, after adjusting the angle of the simulated root rod 472, the rotating rod 58 is opened, the spring is pressed against and reset, the toothed disc 2 510 and the toothed disc 1 59 are re-engaged, the angle of the simulated root rod 472 is fixed, the L rod 64 drives the piston 3 62 to move upward and reset, the gas in the gas column 61 enters the elastic gasket 477 through the connecting pipe 63, and the elastic gasket 477 seals the simulated root rod 472;

[0052] S4, start the motor 42, the output shaft of the motor 42 drives the screw 43 to rotate, and then the square column 44 drives the piston 1 45 to move downward, squeezing the oil in the oil tank 46 into the simulated root rod 472, and then the piston 2 473 is squeezed to drive the inner rod 474 to move out of the simulated root rod 472, simulating the growth length of the plant root system, and the motor 42 is turned off after the adjustment is completed;

[0053] S5. Place the root simulation mechanism 4 into the test pit 2 and cover it with soil. Then fix the fixing piece 35 to the simulation pile body 41. Start the winding roller 32 to rotate. The steel rope 33 pulls the hook 34 to move. The hook 34 lifts the root simulation mechanism 4. The pull-out resistance is measured by the reading of the tension sensor.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance, comprising a fixing plate (1) and a test pit (2), characterized in that: A pulling measurement mechanism (3) is arranged on the upper side of the fixing plate (1), a root system simulation mechanism (4) is arranged in the test pit (2), an adjustment component (5) and a sealing component (6) are arranged on the root system simulation mechanism (4), and the root system simulation mechanism (4) comprises: A simulated pile body (41), wherein a motor (42) is fixedly connected to the top of the simulated pile body (41), and a screw rod (43) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (42); A piston (45), wherein the piston (45) is connected to the simulated pile body (41), a square column (44) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the piston (45), the square column (44) slides with the inner wall of the simulated pile body (41), and the square column (44) is threadedly connected to the screw (43); A root system simulation component (47), wherein the root system simulation component (47) is provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of the root system simulation components (47) are arranged in a ring array along the central axis of a simulated pile body (41), the root system simulation component (47) is arranged at the bottom of the simulated pile body (41), an oil tank (46) is provided in the simulated pile body (41), and the oil tank (46) is filled with oil; wherein the root system simulation component (47) comprises a hollow ball (471), a simulated root rod (472) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow ball (471), a piston in the inner wall of the simulated root rod (472) is connected to a second piston (473), and the second piston (473) is connected to the piston. ) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the simulated pile body (41); a thin rod (475) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rod (474); the top of the thin rod (475) is elastically connected to the inner rod (474) via a torsion spring; the second piston (473) is elastically connected to the inner wall of the simulated root rod (472) via a return spring; the hollow ball (471) is movably connected to the connecting block (476); an elastic airtight pad (477) is embedded in the connecting block (476); the connecting block (476) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the simulated pile body (41); a through opening is opened on the lower side of the simulated pile body (41); and the through opening and the hollow ball (471) are in the same vertical plane; The adjustment assembly (5) comprises a fixed seat (51), a slide plate (52) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat (51), the slide plate (52) is elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat (51) via a connecting spring, a cam (53) is closely attached to the side of the slide plate (52) away from the connecting spring, the cam (53) is penetrated by a positioning shaft (54) and is fixedly connected to the positioning shaft (54), a cross bar (55) is fixedly connected to the side of the slide plate (52) away from the cam (53), an end of the cross bar (55) away from the slide plate (52) is hinged to a hinged rod (56), and an end of the hinged rod (56) away from the cross bar (55) is hinged to the connecting rod (56). The connecting member is hingedly connected to the simulated root rod (472); the interior of the positioning shaft (54) is provided with a square groove, and a square block (57) is slidably connected in the square groove; the square block (57) and the square groove are elastically connected via a tightening spring; a rotating rod (58) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the square block (57); a toothed disc 1 (59) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed seat (51); the rotating rod (58) passes through the toothed disc 2 (510) and is fixedly connected to the toothed disc 2 (510); the cross bar (55) passes through the inner wall of the fixed seat (51) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat (51); the toothed disc 1 (59) is meshed with the toothed disc 2 (510).

2. The device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulling measurement mechanism (3) comprises an electric telescopic frame (31), the electric telescopic frame (31) being fixedly connected to the upper side of a fixed plate (1), a winding roller (32) being provided on the upper side of the fixed plate (1), a steel rope (33) being wound on the winding roller (32), an end of the steel rope (33) away from the winding roller (32) being fixedly connected to a hook (34), a fixing member (35) being suspended on the hook (34), the fixing member (35) being fixedly connected to the top of a simulated pile body (41), and a tension sensor being provided on the hook (34).

3. The device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing assembly (6) comprises an air column (61), wherein the air column (61) is embedded in a connecting block (476), a piston in the air column (61) is connected to a piston three (62), the air column (61) is connected to an elastic airtight gasket (477) via a connecting pipe (63), an L-rod (64) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the piston three (62), and a circular ring (65) is fixedly connected to one end of the L-rod (64) away from the piston three (62).

4. The device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circular ring (65) is penetrated by the rotating rod (58) and is rotatably connected to the rotating rod (58). The circular ring (65) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the second toothed disc (510).

5. The measuring method of the device for simulating plant root growth and measuring its pull-out resistance as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, first pull down the rotating rod (58), the block (57) moves downward to compress the spring, the gear plate 2 (510) is disengaged from the gear plate 1 (59), and then the rotating rod (58) is rotated, the block (57) drives the positioning shaft (54) to rotate, and then the cam (53) rotates, the cross bar (55) drives the hinged rod (56) to move, and the angle of the simulated root rod (472) is adjusted to simulate the scattered growth mode of the plant root system; S2. When the angle of the simulated root rod (472) is adjusted, the rotating rod (58) drives the ring (65) to move downward, the L rod (64) drives the piston three (62) to move downward, the gas in the elastic airtight pad (477) enters the air column (61) through the connecting pipe (63), and the elastic airtight pad (477) contracts to reduce the friction with the simulated root rod (472); S3, after the angle of the simulated root rod (472) is adjusted, the rotating rod (58) is opened, the spring is pressed against and reset, the toothed disc 2 (510) and the toothed disc 1 (59) are re-engaged, and the angle of the simulated root rod (472) is fixed. The L rod (64) drives the piston 3 (62) to move upward and reset, and the gas in the gas column (61) enters the elastic gasket (477) through the connecting pipe (63), and the elastic gasket (477) seals the simulated root rod (472); S4, starting the motor (42), the output shaft of the motor (42) drives the screw (43) to rotate, and then the square column (44) drives the piston 1 (45) to move downward, squeezing the oil in the oil tank (46) into the simulated root rod (472), and then the piston 2 (473) is squeezed to drive the inner rod (474) to move out of the simulated root rod (472), simulating the growth length of the plant root system, and the motor (42) is turned off after the adjustment is completed; S5. Place the root system simulation mechanism (4) into the test pit (2) and cover it with soil. Then fix the fixing member (35) to the simulation pile body (41). Start the winding roller (32) to rotate. The steel rope (33) pulls the hook (34) to move. The hook (34) lifts the root system simulation mechanism (4). The pull-out resistance thereof is measured by readings of the tension sensor.

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