A forward design method and system for frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM

Abstract

The present invention provides a forward design method and system for frame anchors or anchor cables based on BIM, the method comprising creating a slope BIM model; determining the design parameters of a slope protection project according to project geological survey data and specification requirements; back-calculating the design value of the safety factor of each level of the slope according to the design parameters of the slope protection project, and performing a normative analysis on the design value of the slope safety factor and the standard value of the safety factor in the design specification; obtaining parameters of frame beams, steps and other ancillary facilities of each level of the slope, and creating a design model of a frame anchor or anchor cable of each level of the slope based on the slope BIM model; performing a multi-professional review of the frame anchor or anchor cable model based on a BIM collaborative design management platform, checking whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and performing model review, structural analysis and model optimization; the method realizes standardized, parameterized, refined and collaborative anchor or anchor cable modeling based on BIM technology, thereby improving modeling efficiency and accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering design in the construction industry and the highway industry, and in particular to a forward design method and system for frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] Frame anchor or anchor cable is a structural member used in geotechnical engineering. Its main function is to transfer tension to stable rock and soil layers. It is widely used in slope stability and safety design in construction and highway engineering.

[0003] However, traditional anchor or cable design methods usually rely on two-dimensional drawings and manual calculations, which can easily lead to design errors and low efficiency. The BIM model integrates a variety of data such as geometric information, spatial relationships, geographic information, quantities and attributes, allowing designers from various disciplines to work together on a unified platform. The introduction of BIM technology provides new methods and tools for the forward design of anchors or cables, and through three-dimensional visualization and information integration, more efficient and accurate design can be achieved. However, most of the current BIM model designs for frame anchors or cables use the method of re-molding, that is, referring to the designed two-dimensional drawings for BIM modeling, which cannot give full play to the advantages of visualization and collaborative design of BIM technology, and the application of BIM models in geotechnical engineering also faces problems such as data acquisition and integration, standardization and normalization. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above background, the present invention provides an anchor or anchor cable design scheme based on BIM technology to achieve standardization, parameterization, refinement and coordination, improve the efficiency and accuracy of BIM framework anchor or anchor cable forward design, and is suitable for the design of framework anchor or anchor cables for slope support in the construction industry and highway industry.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a forward design method for frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM, comprising:

[0007] Create a slope BIM model based on the project geological survey data;

[0008] Determine the design parameters of the slope protection project based on the project geological survey data and specification requirements;

[0009] The design value of the safety factor of each level of slope is calculated back according to the design parameters of the slope protection project, and the design value of the slope safety factor is compared with the standard value of the safety factor in the design specification requirements for normative analysis;

[0010] Determine the parameters of each level of slope frame beams, steps and other ancillary facilities according to the engineering design parameters, and create parameterized design models of anchor rods or anchor cables for each level of slope frame based on the slope BIM model;

[0011] Conduct multi-disciplinary review of frame anchor or cable models based on the BIM collaborative design management platform to check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization;

[0012] Assign WBS work breakdown structure codes to model component elements, and link the WBS work breakdown structure codes to corresponding model component elements.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes automatically generating construction drawings, engineering quantity tables and WBS code tables, wherein the construction drawings and engineering quantity tables are output according to the model or parameter data; the WBS code table is an Excel format table in which the WBS codes are arranged in a hierarchical relationship and exported after the WBS codes are attached.

[0014] Furthermore, the slope protection engineering design parameters determined according to the project geological survey data and specification requirements include the design parameters of the anchor rods or anchor cables and frame beams of each level of the multi-level slope;

[0015] The design parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable are determined by slope analysis software, including the material, length, anchoring length, prestress value and / or arrangement of the anchor rod or anchor cable;

[0016] The design parameters of the frame beam are determined by structural analysis software, including the size, material and / or arrangement of the beam, and the type, diameter, length and / or arrangement of the beam reinforcement.

[0017] Furthermore, the back-calculation of the design value of the safety factor of each level of slope according to the design parameters of the slope protection project includes:

[0018] Obtain the tensile strength parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable, and calculate according to the model and diameter of the anchor rod or anchor cable to obtain the standard tensile strength value and the design tensile strength value of the anchor rod or anchor cable;

[0019] Obtain the mortar bonding strength parameters, and calculate based on the borehole diameter, borehole over-hole length, anchor hole mortar model and anchoring length to obtain the design value of the stratum-mortar bonding strength;

[0020] The designed anchoring force and the bonding strength between the stratum and the grouting body are obtained, and the safety factor design value corresponding to each level of slope is calculated in combination with the relevant parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the drilling mortar, including the safety factor design value of the steel bar (anchor cable) section, the safety factor design value of the grouting bonding anchor rod or anchor cable and / or the safety factor design value of the stratum and grouting.

[0021] Furthermore, the engineering design parameters of each level of slope frame beams include cross beam parameters and longitudinal beam parameters, and the beam parameters mainly include beam size parameters and steel bar parameters; wherein the beam size parameters include beam spacing, beam length, beam width, beam height, number of beams, number of beam roots and / or beam concrete consumption; the steel bar parameters include steel bar length, steel bar diameter, steel bar weight, structural dimensions of stirrups, number of stirrups and / or weight of stirrups.

[0022] Furthermore, the engineering design parameters of each level of slope steps include step spacing, step water retaining sill width, step width, step water retaining sill height, step thickness, step step height, anti-skid sill height under the steps and / or anti-skid sill spacing.

[0023] Furthermore, the parameterized creation of each level of slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model based on the slope BIM model includes:

[0024] Use BIM tools to perform parametric design and generate protection sections;

[0025] Determine the position of the longitudinal beams and steps at the bottom of the slope according to the protection section, longitudinal beam spacing and step spacing, and then connect the bottom points of each longitudinal beam and step along the slope to the top of the slope to create the modeling baseline of each longitudinal beam and step on the slope;

[0026] According to the spacing of the cross beams, the modeling baseline of the cross beams on the slope is calculated; and the intersection of the modeling baselines of the cross beams and the longitudinal beams is determined as the modeling base point of the anchor rod or anchor cable;

[0027] Create a 3D model based on the parameters of anchor rods or cables, beams, longitudinal beams and / or steps along the modeling baseline and modeling base point.

[0028] Furthermore, the BIM collaborative design management platform conducts a multi-disciplinary review of the frame anchor or anchor cable model, checks whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conducts model review, structural analysis and model optimization, including:

[0029] Visually verify the anchorage length of anchor rods or cables in the geological model based on BIM;

[0030] Structural analysis software is used to verify whether the mechanical properties of the anchor rod or anchor cable meet the safety and stability requirements. If not, the length of the anchor rod or anchor cable, anchorage length, and spacing parameters of the crossbeam and / or longitudinal beam are adjusted to optimize the model.

[0031] Furthermore, the step of allocating a WBS work breakdown structure code to a model component element and linking the WBS work breakdown structure code to a corresponding model component element includes:

[0032] Manual WBS coding: edit the WBS code of each model component element according to the coding rules, and then select the design model components one by one to attach the WBS code to the corresponding design model component element;

[0033] Automatic WBS coding is to create a model structure tree according to the coding hierarchy when the model is created, and automatically code the hierarchy of model component elements in the model tree.

[0034] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a BIM-based frame anchor or anchor cable forward design system, comprising:

[0035] Slope BIM model creation module, used to create slope BIM model based on project geological survey data;

[0036] Engineering design parameter determination module, used to determine the slope protection engineering design parameters according to the project geological survey data and specification requirements;

[0037] Safety factor analysis module, used to back-calculate the design value of safety factor of each level of slope according to the design parameters of slope protection engineering, and to compare the design value of slope safety factor with the standard value of safety factor in the design specification requirements for normative analysis;

[0038] The slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model creation module is used to determine the parameters of each level of slope frame beams, steps and other ancillary facilities according to the engineering design parameters, and to parametrically create each level of slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model based on the slope BIM model;

[0039] Model review and optimization module, which is used to conduct multi-disciplinary review of frame anchor or anchor cable models based on the BIM collaborative design management platform, check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization;

[0040] A WBS code attachment module is used to assign WBS work breakdown structure codes to model component elements and attach the WBS work breakdown structure codes to corresponding design model component elements;

[0041] The automatic drawing output module is used to automatically generate construction drawings, engineering quantity tables and WBS code tables. The construction drawings and engineering quantity tables can be output according to the model or parameter data. The WBS code table is an Excel format table in which the WBS codes are arranged in a hierarchical relationship after the WBS codes are attached.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] Visual design: The present invention provides a forward design method for frame anchors or anchor cables based on BIM, which uses BIM technology to create a three-dimensional model of the slope, making the design process more intuitive and enabling a better understanding and analysis of complex geological conditions and engineering structures.

[0044] Standardized verification: The safety factor design value of each level of slope is calculated based on the design parameters of the slope protection project, and the design parameters are automatically verified according to the standardized specification parameters to see if they meet the specification requirements for slope safety factor analysis and structural optimization, which reduces manual calculations and human errors and improves design efficiency and accuracy.

[0045] Parametric design: Automatically create frame and anchor rod or cable models through parametric input.

[0046] Refined design: Refine the component parameters of frame beams and anchor rods or cables, including the material, model, prestress value of anchor rods or cables, as well as the steel bar model, diameter, layout method of the main reinforcement and stirrups of the frame beams. Also refine the relevant parameters of the stepped rapids trough, and carry out refined design accordingly.

[0047] Collaborative design: The present invention supports the BIM collaborative design platform, giving full play to the visualization and collaborative design characteristics of BIM, and conducting multi-disciplinary collaborative design and design verification of the discipline. Specifically, through coordination with other disciplines (such as structure, water supply and drainage, electrical, etc.), the model can be updated and adjusted in real time to ensure the consistency and coordination of the designs of various disciplines, reducing design conflicts and rework.

[0048] Automatic drawing design: By automatically generating detailed construction drawings and material lists, manual operations are reduced, the efficiency and accuracy of data generation are improved, and it is suitable for slope support design of various types of construction and highway engineering projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 A flow chart of a forward design method for frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of verifying a frame anchor rod or anchor cable model combined with a slope model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3A schematic diagram of a BIM-based frame anchor or anchor cable forward design system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to further understand the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with examples. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting the claims of the present invention.

[0054] Terminology explanation:

[0055] BIM: (Building Information Modeling) Building Information Modeling uses the relevant information data of the construction project as the basis of the model to establish the building model, and simulates the real information of the building through digital information simulation.

[0056] Frame: In geotechnical engineering, a support system built of reinforced concrete or steel structure used to distribute and transfer loads from anchor rods or cables and enhance the stability of the overall structure.

[0057] Anchor rod or anchor cable: a component or system that transfers tension to stable rock and soil layers. Anchor rods usually consist of three parts: anchor section, free section and external anchor. The anchor section is fixed in the stable stratum, and with the help of slurry or mechanical devices, it can transfer tension to the rod body of the surrounding strata; the free section is responsible for transferring the force on the external anchor to the anchor section, and the external anchor is the part that connects the retaining structure and fixes the tension rod. Anchor cable is the name when the anchor rod body is made of high-strength steel strands or steel wire bundles and prestressed. Anchor rods and anchor cables are both components that transfer tension to stable rock and soil layers. The difference is that anchor rods are usually rod-shaped components, while anchor cables are cable-shaped components.

[0058] Slope: It is divided into single-level slope and multi-level slope. The structure of single-level slope is relatively simple, usually with only one slope surface. Multi-level slope refers to a slope formed naturally or artificially, which is composed of multiple levels of different heights or slopes. In actual projects, the slope to be protected may be a multi-level slope, so it is necessary to create a frame anchor or anchor cable model in a graded manner.

[0059] Step-type rapid flow trough: A rapid flow trough refers to an artificial ditch with a slope greater than the critical slope. A step-type rapid flow trough has steps set on it to facilitate maintenance personnel to go up and down.

[0060] WBS coding: A hierarchical structure coding of the project scope that is decomposed level by level. It is a method of uniquely identifying each element in the project work breakdown structure (Work Breakdown Structure). The grouping of project elements based on deliverables summarizes and defines the entire scope of work of the project. Each descending level represents a more detailed definition of the project work.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a forward design method for frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0063] S1: Create a slope BIM model based on the project geological survey data;

[0064] S2: Determine the design parameters of the slope protection project based on the project geological survey data and specification requirements;

[0065] S3: Back-calculate the design value of the safety factor of the Nth level slope according to the design parameters of the slope protection project, and compare and analyze the design value of the safety factor with the standard value of the safety factor in the design specification to determine whether the design value of the safety factor meets the requirements of the specification; N is the number of slopes of different levels;

[0066] S4: Determine the parameters of the Nth level slope frame beam, steps and other ancillary facilities according to the design parameters of the slope protection project;

[0067] S5: Based on the slope BIM model, parametrically create the Nth level slope frame anchor or anchor cable design model;

[0068] S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 to sequentially create other levels of slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design models;

[0069] S7: BIM collaborative design and model adjustment, as well as model review, structural analysis and model optimization;

[0070] S8: Assign a WBS code to each model component element and link the WBS code to the corresponding design model;

[0071] S9: Output frame anchor rod or anchor cable drawings, bill of quantities and WBS code sheet.

[0072] Specifically:

[0073] S1: Create a slope BIM model based on the project geological survey data.

[0074] Based on the geological survey data, the slope BIM model of the project is established using BIM software such as ORD, Revit, Civil 3D, etc. The slope BIM model includes information such as topography, geology, and groundwater level. Create a three-dimensional model of the slope of the project to ensure that the slope BIM model accurately reflects the actual situation on site.

[0075] It should be noted that different software has different methods for creating slope BIM models based on geological survey data. Each method has its own characteristics and applicable scenarios. The selection of the appropriate method depends on the specific project requirements and geological conditions. Creating slope BIM models based on geological survey data is an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0076] S2: Determine the design parameters of the slope protection project based on the project geological survey data and specification requirements.

[0077] The engineering design parameters determined according to the project geological survey data and specification requirements are the design parameters of the anchor rods or anchor cables and frame beams of each level of the multi-level slope. Specifically:

[0078] Determine the design parameters of anchor rods or cables, including material, length, anchor length, prestress value and / or arrangement method, through slope analysis software (such as Rocscience Slide, Visual Slope, Tongji Qimingxing SLOPE, Lizheng Geotechnical Engineering, etc.);

[0079] The design parameters of the slope frame beam are determined by structural analysis software (such as ANSYS, MIDAS, SAP2000, Lizheng Geotechnical, etc.), including the size, material, layout of the beam, as well as the model, diameter, length and / or layout of the beam reinforcement.

[0080] The determined engineering design parameters also include parameters such as steps and ancillary facilities, as well as load conditions, environmental conditions and service life. The design parameters are not listed here one by one. It should be noted that the design parameters listed in the present invention are only part of the parameters, and the changes in parameters and the expansion of parameters all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] S3: Back-calculate the design value of the safety factor of the Nth level slope according to the engineering design parameters, and analyze the design value of the safety factor of the Nth level slope with the standard value of the safety factor in the design specification to determine whether the design value of the safety factor meets the requirements of the specification; N is the number of slopes of different levels.

[0082] The safety factor is used to reflect the stability of the slope system. When the design value of the safety factor is less than the standard value of the safety factor specified in the design specification, the slope is unstable. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the design value of the safety factor is not less than the standard value of the safety factor; but when the design value exceeds the standard value of the safety factor too much, the slope is stable, which will cause engineering waste corresponding to too strong protective measures. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the design value of the safety factor is a value within the range of "standard value of safety factor + 0.3". When the design value is less than the standard value, the relevant designers need to adjust the design value so that it is not less than the standard value of the safety factor. The specific process of back-calculating the design value of the safety factor based on the engineering design parameters is as follows:

[0083] S301: Obtain the basic parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the tensile resistance parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable, and calculate according to the model and diameter of the anchor rod or anchor cable in the basic parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable to obtain the standard tensile resistance value of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the design tensile resistance value of the anchor rod or anchor cable. In addition, the parameters obtained also include the horizontal angle a (°) of the anchor rod or anchor cable, the type of anchor rod or anchor cable (tension type or pressure type), the number of single-hole anchor rods or anchor cables n, and the length Li (m) of each anchor rod or anchor cable for use in the safety factor verification.

[0084] S302: Obtain the basic parameters of drilling and mortar and the bonding strength parameters of mortar. According to the anchor hole mortar model in the basic parameters of drilling and mortar, obtain the design value fb (Kpa) of the bonding strength between the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable body. In addition, the parameters obtained also include the parameters of the drilling diameter d (m), the drilling excess hole length (m), and the anchoring length Lg (m) for use in the safety factor verification.

[0085] S303: Obtain the design anchoring force Pd (KN) and the bonding strength frb (Kpa) between the stratum and the grouting body, and perform safety factor verification in combination with the relevant parameters in steps S301 and S302. The verification process is to calculate the design value of the safety factor K1 of the steel bar (anchor cable) section and the design value of the safety factor K2 of the grouting bonding strength according to the existing specification formula. Among them, the design value of the safety factor K1 of the steel bar (anchor cable) section reflects the reliability of the material strength, which is the ratio of the material strength to the design anchoring force (tension); the design value of the safety factor K2 of the grouting bonding strength is a reliability value used to measure the pull-out resistance of the anchoring component, including the design value of the safety factor of the stratum and the grouting body and the design value of the safety factor of the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable. Among them, the safety factor design value of the stratum and grouting body reflects the reliability of the bond strength between the stratum and the grouting body, which is the ratio of the bond strength between the stratum and the grouting body to the designed anchoring force (tension); the safety factor design value of the grouting body and the anchor or anchor cable reflects the reliability of the bond strength between the grouting body and the anchor or anchor cable, which is the ratio of the bond strength between the grouting body and the anchor or anchor cable to the designed anchoring force (tension). The larger the safety factor design value, the more stable the slope. When the safety factor design value does not meet the standard value, the user is prompted to modify the design parameters.

[0086] It should be noted that the calculation formulas involved in the above steps, such as the standard value of the tensile strength of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the design value of the tensile strength of the anchor rod or anchor cable, the design value of the bonding strength between the stratum and the grouting body frb (KPa), the bonding strength between the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable fb (Kpa), the design value of the design safety factor of the steel bar section, the design value of the grouting bonding safety factor (the design value of the safety factor of the stratum and the grouting body, the design value of the safety factor of the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable), etc., are given in the relevant specifications such as "JTG D30-2015 Highway Roadbed Design Specification", "GB 50086-2015 Technical Specification for Geotechnical Anchor and Sprayed Concrete Support Engineering", and "GB 50330-2013 Technical Specification for Building Slope Engineering", and are prior arts, and will not be given here one by one.

[0087] In step S4, the parameters of the Nth level slope frame beam, steps and other ancillary facilities are determined according to the engineering design parameters, mainly including:

[0088] S401: Frame beam parameters include cross beam parameters and longitudinal beam parameters, which mainly include beam size parameters and reinforcement parameters. Specifically:

[0089] 1) The beam size parameters determined according to the engineering design parameters include:

[0090] Based on the beam spacing Sy (m) parameter, the number of beams required is calculated through the slope length;

[0091] Based on the beam length Lx (m) parameter, the number of beams is calculated through the length of the protection section;

[0092] Based on the beam width bx (m) and beam height hx (m) parameters, the amount of concrete used for the beam is calculated, providing a parameter basis for creating the beam model.

[0093] 2) The beam reinforcement parameters determined according to the engineering design parameters include:

[0094] Based on the steel bar cover thickness hb (mm), the structural dimensions of the stirrups can be calculated through the beam width bx (m) and beam height hx (m), and the length of the transverse reinforcement (main reinforcement) can be calculated through the beam length;

[0095] Based on the stirrup spacing (mm), the number of stirrups can be calculated by the length of each crossbeam; based on the crossbeam stirrup type and diameter (mm), the weight of the stirrups can be calculated by the known bulk density of the steel bar and the calculated total length of the stirrups;

[0096] The transverse reinforcement (main reinforcement) of the beam is arranged inside the stirrups, divided into upper, lower, left and right sides. After determining the number of reinforcements on each side, the reinforcements are arranged at an average spacing and the corresponding reinforcement diameter is obtained. The weight of the transverse reinforcement is calculated based on the transverse reinforcement model, diameter, and known reinforcement density.

[0097] 3) The longitudinal beam size parameters determined according to the engineering design parameters are basically the same as those for determining the cross beam parameters, which will not be repeated here; the difference lies in the method for determining the longitudinal beam length, which is: first determine the position of each longitudinal beam at the bottom of the slope according to the section length and the longitudinal beam spacing, and then connect the longitudinal beam bottom point to the slope top along the slope surface to calculate the length of each longitudinal beam.

[0098] S402: Step parameters mainly include step spacing (controlled by the number of beam sections), step water barrier width at (cm), step width bt (cm), step water barrier height ht1 (cm), step thickness ht2 (cm), step step height ht (cm), anti-skid sill height hk (cm) under the step, and anti-skid sill spacing sk (cm). The step spacing position is determined according to the length of the beam, generally taking the number of whole sections of the beam. The modeling software creates the model of the step and anti-skid sill according to their sizes.

[0099] It should be noted that the dimensional parameters of other ancillary facilities and detailed components are not related to the stability calculation of the main model and will not be discussed here.

[0100] In step S5, parametric design is performed using BIM tools to create an N-level slope frame anchor or anchor cable design model based on the slope BIM model. Parametric design ensures that the model can be automatically adjusted according to changes in design parameters. The frame anchor or anchor cable modeling function in the present invention uses an automated modeling plug-in developed based on ORD software using C# language. Other software platforms, such as Ravit, Catia, etc., can also perform corresponding secondary development to form corresponding automated modeling plug-ins. The modeling process is:

[0101] First, generate the protection section. Use the protection layout function to select the slope section, set the protection height applicable to the frame anchor or anchor cable, and the current level of the slope that needs to be protected. If it is a road slope, you need to select the road corridor model and the side of the road, and then generate the protection section. This is an existing technology and will not be repeated here.

[0102] Secondly, lay out the model on the protection section. First, determine the position of the longitudinal beams and steps at the bottom of the slope according to the protection section, longitudinal beam spacing and step spacing, and then connect the bottom points of each longitudinal beam and step along the slope to the top of the slope to create the modeling baseline of each longitudinal beam and step on the slope.

[0103] Then, according to the spacing of the cross beams, the modeling baseline of the cross beams on the slope is calculated. The intersection of the modeling baselines of the cross beams and the longitudinal beams is the modeling base point of the anchor rod or anchor cable.

[0104] Finally, a three-dimensional model is created along the modeling baseline and modeling base point according to the parameters of anchor rods or anchor cables, beams, longitudinal beams and steps (including anti-slip sills).

[0105] Step S6 is to repeat steps S3 to S5 to sequentially create frame anchor rod or anchor cable design models for other levels of slopes, ensuring that the design parameters and models of each level of slope are accurate.

[0106] Step S7 uses the file sharing, integrated display, online comparison, compliance check and other functions provided by the BIM collaborative design management platform to conduct a multi-professional review of the frame anchor or anchor cable model, check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and feedback to the designer through the collaborative design process if any problems are found. After the designer modifies the model, he / she will conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization to optimize the frame anchor or anchor cable design model, and then complete the collaborative review process between professional models, and finally share the modified result model with each professional group. If there are any design modifications to the professional models, they will also be collaboratively designed according to this collaborative process. And by updating and adjusting the design model in real time, the consistency and coordination of the designs of various professions can be ensured.

[0107] Model review, structural analysis and model optimization including, e.g. Figure 2 As shown, the anchorage length of the anchor rod or anchor cable in the slope geological model is first verified by using the visualization of BIM, and then the mechanical properties of the anchor rod or anchor cable are verified by the structural analysis software involved in step S2 to see whether they meet the safety and stability requirements. If they do not meet the requirements, steps S2 to S5 are repeated to adjust the anchor rod or anchor cable length, anchorage length, crossbeam and longitudinal beam spacing and other parameters to optimize the model and form the final frame anchor rod or anchor cable model.

[0108] In step S8, WBS code attachment is performed by using a professional coding tool to assign a work breakdown structure WBS code to model component elements such as anchor rods or anchor cables, frame beams, etc., and attach the WBS code to the corresponding design model component element. WBS coding can be divided into manual coding and automatic coding.

[0109] Manual coding is to edit the WBS code of each model component element according to the coding rules through a coding tool, and then select the model component elements one by one to attach the WBS code to the corresponding model component element. WBS manual coding is an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0110] Automatic coding is to create a model structure tree in model management according to the coding level when the model is created. Taking the coding level of the "Uniform Standard for the Application of Highway Engineering Information Model (JTGT 2420-2021)" as an example, the first-level category is the section of the slope, the second-level category is the slope protection, the third-level category is the slope level, the fourth-level category is the frame anchor or anchor cable, the fifth-level category is the frame beam, anchor or anchor cable, step, etc., the sixth-level category is the beam, longitudinal beam, etc., the seventh-level category is the beam concrete, beam steel, etc., and so on, each model component element is further refined into smaller components or sub-elements. When initializing the WBS coding for the frame anchor or anchor cable model, the WBS coding tool automatically obtains the hierarchy of the model component elements in the model tree for automatic coding. For example, the first-level slope beam concrete of the first section protection is coded as the seventh-level category, and its WBS code is 0.1.01.01.01.01.01.01. Then, set the prefix or suffix code according to the project needs, such as project code, professional code, section code, process code, etc. After re-initializing the overall code, attach the code to each model component element.

[0111] It should be noted that the WBS coding rules follow the relevant provisions of the "Uniform Standard for the Application of Highway Engineering Information Model (JTGT 2420-2021)", and coding rules can also be added according to project standards.

[0112] The function of outputting the frame anchor or anchor cable drawings, engineering quantity table and WBS code table in step S9 adopts the automated modeling plug-in developed based on ORD software using C# language. Other software platforms, such as Ravit, Catia, etc., can also perform corresponding secondary development to form corresponding automated modeling plug-ins.

[0113] Outputting drawings of frame anchor rods or anchor cables and bills of quantities can be done based on models or parameter data, which is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0114] The output WBS code table is an Excel format table in which the WBS codes are arranged in a hierarchical relationship after the WBS coding is completed.

[0115] It should be noted that, considering the different drawing standards of different design units, the frame anchor rod or anchor cable drawing module may be partially adjusted according to the requirements of different design units to meet the drawing requirements of the corresponding design units. After the frame anchor rod or anchor cable construction drawings are completed and approved, they can be delivered to the construction unit for corresponding construction. The WBS code is delivered to the owner's construction management platform for construction management and progress control.

[0116] Embodiment 2:

[0117] See also Figure 3 This embodiment provides a BIM-based frame anchor or anchor cable forward design system, including:

[0118] Slope BIM model creation module, used to create slope BIM model based on geological survey data;

[0119] Engineering design parameter determination module, used to determine the slope protection engineering design parameters according to the project geological survey data and specification requirements;

[0120] Safety factor analysis module, which is used to back-calculate the design value of safety factor of each level of slope according to the design parameters of slope protection engineering, and to compare the design value of slope safety factor with the standard value of safety factor in the design specification for normative analysis;

[0121] The slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model creation module is used to determine the parameters of each level of slope frame beams, steps and other ancillary facilities according to the slope protection project design parameters, and parametrically create each level of slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model based on the slope BIM model;

[0122] Model review and optimization module, which is used to conduct multi-disciplinary review of frame anchor or anchor cable models based on the BIM collaborative design management platform, check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization;

[0123] The WBS decomposition structure code attachment module is used to assign a working WBS decomposition structure code to each model component element and attach the WBS decomposition structure code to the corresponding design model;

[0124] The automatic drawing output module is used to automatically generate construction drawings, engineering quantity tables and WBS coding tables. The construction drawings and engineering quantity tables can be output according to the model or parameter data. The WBS coding table is a table in Excel format that arranges the WBS codes in a hierarchical relationship after the WBS codes are attached.

[0125] In this embodiment, the safety factor analysis module has built-in safety factor specification values ​​for highway slopes and building slopes. By selecting the slope grade and slope type, which includes permanent slopes or temporary slopes, the module gives the corresponding safety factor specification value. By comparing the safety factor specification value with the safety factor design value, when the design value is less than the specification value, the designer is prompted to adjust the design value.

[0126] The safety factor analysis module includes the basic setting subunit of anchor rods or anchor cables, the drilling and mortar setting subunit, and the safety factor verification subunit. The calculation process of the safety factor design value in the safety factor analysis module is as follows:

[0127] The anchor or anchor cable basic setting subunit contains the anchor or anchor cable reinforcement and anchor or anchor cable tensile force parameters, and then calculates the anchor or anchor cable tensile force standard value and anchor or anchor cable tensile force design value through the set anchor or anchor cable model and diameter. Other parameters set include the anchor or anchor cable horizontal angle a (°), anchor or anchor cable type (tension type or pressure type), single hole anchor or anchor cable number n and each anchor or anchor cable length Li (m) parameters, which are used for safety factor verification.

[0128] The drilling and mortar setting subunit has built-in mortar bond strength parameters, which are used for safety factor verification by setting the drilling diameter d (m), drilling overhole length (m), anchor hole mortar model, anchoring length (m), and the design value frb (Mpa or KPa) of the bond strength between the formation and the grouting body calculated based on the above parameters.

[0129] The safety factor verification has built-in standard formulas. By setting the design anchoring force Pd (KN) and the bond strength frb (MPa or KPa) between the stratum and the grouting body, and calling the relevant parameters in the basic setting subunit of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the drilling and mortar setting subunit, the design value of the safety factor of the steel bar (anchor cable) section K1 and the design value of the safety factor of the grouting bond strength K2 are automatically calculated according to the built-in formula. Among them, the design value of the safety factor of the steel bar (anchor cable) section reflects the reliability of the material strength, which is the ratio of the material strength to the design anchoring force (tension); the design value of the safety factor of the grouting bond strength is a reliability value used to measure the pull-out resistance of the anchoring component, including the design value of the safety factor of the stratum and the grouting body and the design value of the safety factor of the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable. Among them, the safety factor design value of the stratum and grouting body reflects the reliability of the bond strength between the stratum and the grouting body, which is the ratio of the bond strength between the stratum and the grouting body to the designed anchoring force (tension); the safety factor design value of the grouting body and the anchor or anchor cable reflects the reliability of the bond strength between the grouting body and the anchor or anchor cable, which is the ratio of the bond strength between the grouting body and the anchor or anchor cable to the designed anchoring force (tension). The safety factor design value is associated with the parameters in the basic setting subunit of the anchor or anchor cable. The larger the safety factor design value, the more stable the slope. When the safety factor design value does not meet the standard value, the user is prompted to modify the design parameters.

[0130] The above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0131] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0132] It should be noted that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the steps as sequential processes, many of the steps can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the steps can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but it can also have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

Claims

1. A forward design method for frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM, characterized in that: include, Create a slope BIM model based on the project geological survey data; Determine the design parameters of the slope protection project based on the project geological survey data and specification requirements; The design value of the safety factor of each level of slope is calculated back according to the design parameters of the slope protection project, and the design value of the safety factor of the slope is compared with the standard value of the safety factor in the design specification requirements to perform a normative analysis; wherein, the design value of the safety factor of each level of slope is calculated back according to the design parameters of the slope protection project, including: Obtain the tensile strength parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable, and calculate according to the model and diameter of the anchor rod or anchor cable to obtain the standard tensile strength value and the design tensile strength value of the anchor rod or anchor cable; Obtain the mortar bonding strength parameters, and calculate based on the borehole diameter, borehole over-hole length, anchor hole mortar model and anchoring length to obtain the design value of the stratum-mortar bonding strength; The designed anchoring force and the bonding strength between the stratum and the grouting body are obtained, and the safety factor design value corresponding to each level of the slope is calculated in combination with the relevant parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the drilling mortar, including the safety factor design value of the anchor rod or anchor cable section and the safety factor design value of the grouting bonding strength, wherein the safety factor design value of the grouting bonding strength includes the safety factor design value of the stratum and the grouting body and the safety factor design value of the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable; Determine the parameters of each level of slope frame beams, steps and other ancillary facilities according to the engineering design parameters, and parametrically create the design model of each level of slope frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on the slope BIM model; including: Use BIM tools to perform parametric design and generate protection sections; Determine the position of the longitudinal beams and steps at the bottom of the slope according to the protection section, longitudinal beam spacing and step spacing, and then connect the bottom points of each longitudinal beam and step along the slope to the top of the slope to create the modeling baseline of each longitudinal beam and step on the slope; According to the spacing of the cross beams, the modeling baseline of the cross beams on the slope is calculated; and the intersection of the modeling baselines of the cross beams and the longitudinal beams is determined as the modeling base point of the anchor rod or anchor cable; Create a 3D model based on the parameters of anchor rods or cables, beams, longitudinal beams and / or steps along the modeling baseline and modeling base point; Conduct multi-disciplinary review of frame anchor or cable models based on the BIM collaborative design management platform to check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization; Assign WBS work breakdown structure codes to model component elements, and link the WBS work breakdown structure codes to corresponding model component elements.

2. The forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes automatically generating construction drawings, bill of quantities and WBS code tables, wherein the construction drawings and bill of quantities are output according to the model or parameter data; the WBS code table is an Excel format table in which the WBS codes are arranged in a hierarchical relationship after the WBS codes are attached.

3. The forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope protection engineering design parameters determined according to the project geological survey data and specification requirements include the design parameters of each level of slope anchor rods or anchor cables and frame beams in the multi-level slope; The design parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable are determined by slope analysis software, including the material, length, anchoring length, prestress value and / or arrangement of the anchor rod or anchor cable; The design parameters of the frame beam are determined by structural analysis software, including the size, material and / or arrangement of the beam, and the type, diameter, length and / or arrangement of the beam reinforcement.

4. The forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engineering design parameters of each level of slope frame beams include cross beam parameters and longitudinal beam parameters. The beam parameters mainly include beam size parameters and reinforcement parameters. The beam size parameters include beam spacing, beam length, beam width, beam height, number of beams, number of beam roots and / or beam concrete consumption. The reinforcement parameters include reinforcement length, reinforcement diameter, reinforcement weight, structural dimensions of stirrups, number of stirrups and / or weight of stirrups.

5. The forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engineering design parameters of each level of slope steps include step spacing, step water retaining sill width, step width, step water retaining sill height, step thickness, step step height, anti-skid sill height under the steps and / or anti-skid sill spacing.

6. The forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM collaborative design management platform is used to conduct a multi-disciplinary review of the frame anchor or anchor cable model, check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization, including: Visually verify the anchorage length of anchor rods or cables in the geological model based on BIM; Structural analysis software is used to verify whether the mechanical properties of the anchor rod or anchor cable meet the safety and stability requirements. If not, the length of the anchor rod or anchor cable, anchorage length, and spacing parameters of the crossbeam and / or longitudinal beam are adjusted to optimize the model.

7. The forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of allocating a WBS work breakdown structure code to a model component element and linking the WBS work breakdown structure code to a corresponding model component element includes: Manual WBS coding: edit the WBS code of each model component element according to the coding rules, and then select the design model components one by one to attach the WBS code to the corresponding design model component element; Automatic WBS coding is to create a model structure tree according to the coding hierarchy when the model is created, and automatically code the hierarchy of model component elements in the model tree.

8. A BIM-based frame anchor or anchor cable forward design system, characterized in that: The method for implementing the forward design method of frame anchor rods or anchor cables based on BIM as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: Slope BIM model creation module, used to create slope BIM model based on project geological survey data; Engineering design parameter determination module, used to determine the slope protection engineering design parameters according to the project geological survey data and specification requirements; The safety factor analysis module is used to back-calculate the design value of the safety factor of each level of slope according to the design parameters of the slope protection project, and compare the design value of the safety factor of the slope with the standard value of the safety factor in the design specification requirements to perform a normative analysis; wherein, the back-calculation of the design value of the safety factor of each level of slope according to the design parameters of the slope protection project includes: Obtain the tensile strength parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable, and calculate according to the model and diameter of the anchor rod or anchor cable to obtain the standard tensile strength value and the design tensile strength value of the anchor rod or anchor cable; Obtain the mortar bonding strength parameters, and calculate based on the borehole diameter, borehole over-hole length, anchor hole mortar model and anchoring length to obtain the design value of the stratum-mortar bonding strength; The design anchoring force and the bonding strength between the stratum and the grouting body are obtained, and the safety factor design value corresponding to each level of the slope is calculated in combination with the relevant parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable and the drilling mortar, including the safety factor design value of the anchor rod or anchor cable section and the safety factor design value of the grouting bonding strength, wherein the safety factor design value of the grouting bonding strength includes the safety factor design value of the stratum and the grouting body and the safety factor design value of the grouting body and the anchor rod or anchor cable; The slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model creation module is used to determine the parameters of each level of slope frame beams, steps and other ancillary facilities according to the engineering design parameters, and parametrically create each level of slope frame anchor rod or anchor cable design model based on the slope BIM model; including: Use BIM tools to perform parametric design and generate protection sections; Determine the position of the longitudinal beams and steps at the bottom of the slope according to the protection section, longitudinal beam spacing and step spacing, and then connect the bottom points of each longitudinal beam and step along the slope to the top of the slope to create the modeling baseline of each longitudinal beam and step on the slope; According to the spacing of the cross beams, the modeling baseline of the cross beams on the slope is calculated; and the intersection of the modeling baselines of the cross beams and the longitudinal beams is determined as the modeling base point of the anchor rod or anchor cable; Create a 3D model based on the parameters of anchor rods or cables, beams, longitudinal beams and / or steps along the modeling baseline and modeling base point; Model review and optimization module, which is used to conduct multi-disciplinary review of frame anchor or anchor cable models based on the BIM collaborative design management platform, check whether the model conflicts with other professional models, and conduct model review, structural analysis and model optimization; The WBS code attachment module is used to assign WBS work breakdown structure codes to model component elements and to attach the WBS work breakdown structure codes to corresponding design model component elements.

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