Blackvision photosensitivity

Abstract

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising one or more light generating devices (100), where each of the one or more light generating devices (100) is configured to generate device light (101), where the light generating system (1000) is configured to generate system light (1001) comprising the device light (101) of at least one light generating device (100), wherein the light generating system (1000) is configured to provide the system light (1001) according to the following characteristics (in operating mode): A) during a first time period t1, the system light (1001) is white light having a radiation flux [phi] 11 in a first wavelength range and a radiation flux [phi] 12 in a second wavelength range; (B) during a second time period t2, the system light (1001) is light having a radiation flux [phi] 21 in a first wavelength range and a radiation flux [phi] 22 in a second wavelength range; (C) during a third time period t3, the system light (1001) is light having a radiation flux [phi] 31 in the first wavelength range and a radiation flux [phi] 32 in the second wavelength range; (D) [phi] 21lt; [phi] 11 and [phi] 31 lt; [phi] 11; (E) [phi] 22gt; phi 12 and phi 32 lt; phi 12; (F) t2 is selected from the range of 1 second to 30 minutes; and t1gt; t2; and (G) the first wavelength range is 380 nm-[lambda] 1, and the second wavelength range is [lambda] 1-780 nm, where [lambda] 1 is selected from the range of 485-550 nm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a light generating system and a lighting device comprising such a light generating system. Background Art

[0002] Lighting devices designed for circadian effects are known in the art. For example, US11071187 describes a circadian entrainment enhancement device comprising a housing, a first directional light source, a second directional light source, and a driver. During the day, the driver turns on the first directional light source with a high melanopic ratio to enhance the user's daytime circadian entrainment. During the night, the driver turns on the second directional light source with a low melanopic ratio to enhance the user's nighttime circadian entrainment. US11071187 also describes the use of a light sensor, a memory module, and a computing module to calculate the necessary light output of the device by taking into account the ambient light level. US11071187 also describes the use of a distance sensor to adjust the light level of the light source according to the distance between the device and the user.

[0003] US2013 / 0119891 A1 discloses a method for controlled lighting of an area using a lighting system, wherein the method comprises providing general lighting during a predetermined general lighting period and providing colored lighting during a predetermined first colored lighting period using the lighting system according to a predetermined time program. The predetermined time program runs for at least 6 hours. In addition, in the method, a control unit is applied, which is configured to control the lighting system according to the predetermined time program.

[0004] US2019 / 0387593 A1 discloses an exemplary device configured to emit a first light having a first luminous flux and a peak intensity at a first wavelength greater than or equal to 400 nanometers (nm) and less than or equal to 480nm. The first luminous flux is variable and / or the emission of the first light is interrupted one or more times. The device is also configured to emit a second light having a second luminous flux and a peak intensity at a second wavelength greater than or equal to 500nm and less than or equal to 630nm. The second luminous flux is variable and / or the emission of the second light is interrupted one or more times. At least during the time when the second luminous flux is not at a maximum value, the first luminous flux is at a maximum value. Summary of the invention

[0005] It seems that bright light at night (and especially short wavelength light) may be able to suppress the natural accumulation of melatonin, a pineal hormone that is involved in preparing our bodies for sleep. The fundamental mechanism of suppressing melatonin may begin with the absorption of light by the melanopsin photopigment present in a small portion of retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC). These cells may be able to signal the brain (SCN), causing changes in the signal to begin synthesizing melatonin in the pineal gland. Therefore, the production of melatonin seems to be negatively affected by light stimulation of melanopsin. The intensity of melanopsin stimulation is quantified by melanopsin EDI (abbreviated herein as MEDI), see also, for example: 2018CIE S 026-CIE system for metrologyofoptical radiation for ipRGC-influenced responses to light ("CIE system for metrology of optical radiation for ipRGC-influenced responses to light") (which is incorporated herein by reference). The extent to which light can stimulate melanopsin and thereby the potential to affect (the inhibition of) melatonin production can be quantified by the melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance (also called melanopsin EDI or MEDI). It appears that the lower the MEDI in the evening, the better the preparation for sleep. Therefore, lighting applications that support bedtime routines can target a low MEDI during the evening; preferably a MEDI of 10 lx 2-3 hours before bedtime. One strategy is to reduce the illumination level. Another strategy is to move to low CCT values ​​(e.g., 2700K or even 2200K) and / or modify the spectrum to minimize radiation in the cyan part of the spectrum to which melanopsin is most sensitive. However, it is desirable to provide improved lighting devices that can have a different or better effect on circadian rhythms.

[0006] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an alternative light generating system which preferably further at least partially obviates one or more of the above disadvantages.An object of the present invention may be to overcome or ameliorate at least one disadvantage of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.

[0007] According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a light generating system ("system") comprising one or more light generating devices, wherein each of the one or more light generating devices is configured to generate device light. In an embodiment, the light generating system may be configured to generate system light comprising device light of at least one light generating device (of the one or more light generating devices). In particular, in an embodiment, the light generating system may be configured to provide system light according to the following characteristics (in an operating mode): (a) during a first time period t1, the system light is visible light, more particularly white light, and (b) during a second time period t2, the system light has a spectral power distribution different from that of the system light during the first time period. Optionally, during a third time period t3, system light having a spectral power distribution may be provided, which spectral power distribution may be the same as during the first time period, or the same as during the second time period, or may be different from both. In a specific embodiment, during the first time period t1, the system light may be (white) light having a radiant flux Φ11 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in the second wavelength range; during the second time period t2, the system light may be light having a radiant flux Φ21 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in the second wavelength range; and optionally, during the third time period t3, the system light may be light having a radiant flux Φ31 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ32 in the second wavelength range. In particular, in an embodiment, the following conditions may apply: Φ21<Φ11, Φ22>Φ12, t2 is selected from the range of 1 second-30 minutes, and the first wavelength range may be 380nm-λ1, and the second wavelength range may be λ1-780nm, wherein λ1 may be selected from the range of 485-550nm. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the following conditions may (also) apply: Φ31<Φ11, Φ32<Φ12, and t1>t2.Therefore, in particular, the present invention provides a light generating system comprising one or more light generating devices, wherein each of the one or more light generating devices is configured to generate device light, wherein the light generating system is configured to generate system light comprising the device light of at least one light generating device, wherein the light generating system is configured to provide system light according to the following characteristics (in an operating mode): (A) during a first time period t1, the system light is visible light, in particular white light, having a radiant flux Φ11 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in a second wavelength range; (B) during a second time period t2, the system light is visible light, in particular white light, having a radiant flux Φ11 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in a second wavelength range; (C) during a third time period t3, the system light is light having a radiant flux Φ31 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ32 in the second wavelength range; (D) Φ21<Φ11 and Φ31<Φ11; (E) Φ22>Φ12 and Φ32<Φ12; (F) t2 is selected from the range of 1 second-30 minutes, and t1>t2; and (G) the first wavelength range is 380nm-λ1, and the second wavelength range is λ1-780nm, wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 485-550nm.

[0008] Using such a system, an enhanced light pulse can be provided that may unexpectedly have a favorable effect on circadian rhythms. Instead of reducing the intensity, a relatively strong light pulse can be provided shortly before going to bed, which may have a favorable effect. Without being bound by theory, the present invention can use the (counterintuitive) application of brief and relatively high intensity light to force a portion of the melanopsin pigment (the portion that can actively contribute to brain signaling) into a silent state. This can effectively reduce the interference of light on melatonin accumulation and therefore facilitate preparation for sleep. Therefore, the present invention can provide a sleep routine that includes, among other things, enhanced light pulses.

[0009] As described above, the light generating system may include one or more light generating devices. In particular, each of the one or more light generating devices may be configured to generate device light. The light generating device may be particularly configured to generate device light. In particular, the light generating device may include a light source. The light source may be particularly configured to generate light source light. In an embodiment, the device light may consist essentially of device light. In other embodiments, the device light may consist essentially of converted light source light. In yet other embodiments, the device light may include (unconverted) light source light and converted light source light. The light source light may be converted into luminescent material light with a luminescent material and / or converted into up-converted light with an up-converter (see also below). The term "light generating device" may also refer to a plurality of light generating devices that can provide device light with substantially the same spectral power distribution. In a specific embodiment, the term "light generating device" may also refer to a plurality of light generating devices that can provide device light with different spectral power distributions.

[0010] The term "light source" may in principle relate to any light source known in the art. It may be a conventional (tungsten) bulb, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a fluorescent lamp, an LED (light emitting diode). In a specific embodiment, the light source comprises a solid-state LED light source (such as an LED or a laser diode (or "diode laser")). The term "light source" may also relate to a plurality of light sources, for example 2-2000 (solid-state) LED light sources. Therefore, the term LED may also refer to a plurality of LEDs. In addition, the term "light source" may also refer to a so-called chip-on-board (COB) light source in an embodiment. The term "COB" refers in particular to an LED chip in the form of a semiconductor chip, which is neither packaged nor connected, but is directly mounted on a substrate such as a PCB. Therefore, a plurality of light-emitting semiconductor light sources may be configured on the same substrate. In an embodiment, a COB is a plurality of LED chips configured together into a single lighting module.

[0011] The light source may have a light escape surface. With reference to a conventional light source, such as a light bulb or a fluorescent lamp, this may be the outer surface of a glass or quartz housing. For an LED, this may be, for example, the LED die, or the outer surface of a resin when the resin is applied to the LED die. In principle, it may also be the end of an optical fiber. The term escape surface particularly relates to a part of the light source, where light actually leaves or escapes from the light source. The light source is configured to provide a light beam. The light beam (therefore) escapes from the light exit surface of the light source.

[0012] Likewise, the light generating device may comprise a light escape surface, such as an end window. Furthermore, likewise, the light generating system may comprise a light escape surface, such as an end window.

[0013] The term "light source" may refer to a semiconductor light emitting device, such as a light emitting diode (LED), a resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED), a vertical cavity laser diode (VCSEL), an edge emitting laser, etc. The term "light source" may also refer to an organic light emitting diode (OLED), such as a passive matrix light emitting diode (PMOLED) or an active matrix light emitting diode (AMOLED). In a specific embodiment, the light source includes a solid-state light source (such as an LED or a laser diode). In one embodiment, the light source includes an LED (light emitting diode). The term "light source" or "solid-state light source" may also refer to a superluminescent diode (SLED).

[0014] The term LED may also refer to a plurality of LEDs.

[0015] The term "light source" may also relate to a plurality of (substantially identical (or different)) light sources, such as 2-2000 solid-state light sources. In an embodiment, the light source may comprise one or more micro-optical elements (micro-lens arrays) downstream of a single solid-state light source (such as an LED) or downstream of a plurality of solid-state light sources (i.e., for example shared by a plurality of LEDs). In an embodiment, the light source may comprise an LED with on-chip optics. In an embodiment, the light source comprises a pixelated single LED (with or without optics) (on-chip beam control is provided in an embodiment).

[0016] In an embodiment, the light source may be configured to provide primary radiation, which is used as such, such as, for example: a blue light source, such as a blue LED; or a green light source, such as a green LED; and a red light source, such as a red LED. Such LEDs that may not include a luminescent material ("phosphor") may be denoted as direct color LEDs.

[0017] However, in other embodiments, the light source may be configured to provide primary radiation, and a portion of the primary radiation is converted into secondary radiation. The secondary radiation may be based on the conversion of the luminescent material. The secondary radiation may therefore also be indicated as luminescent material radiation. In an embodiment, the luminescent material may be included by the light source, such as an LED having a luminescent material layer or a dome including luminescent material. Such an LED may be represented as a phosphor conversion LED or a PC LED (phosphor conversion LED). In other embodiments, the luminescent material may be configured at a distance ("far away") from the light source, such as an LED having a luminescent material layer that is not in physical contact with the die of the LED. Therefore, in a specific embodiment, the light source may be a light source that emits at least light of a wavelength selected from the range of 380-470nm during operation. However, other wavelengths may also be possible. This light may be partially used by the luminescent material.

[0018] In an embodiment, the light generating device may include a luminescent material. In an embodiment, the light generating device may include a PCLED. In other embodiments, the light generating device may include a direct LED (i.e., without a phosphor). In an embodiment, the light generating device may include a laser device, such as a laser diode. In an embodiment, the light generating device may include a super luminescent diode. Thus, in a specific embodiment, the light source may be selected from the group of a laser diode and a super luminescent diode. In other embodiments, the light source may include an LED.

[0019] The light source may in particular be configured to generate a source light having an optical axis (O) (beam shape) and a spectral power distribution. In an embodiment, the source light may comprise one or more bands having a known bandwidth of the laser.

[0020] The term "light source" may (thus) refer to such a light generating element, such as, for example, a solid-state light source, or, for example, to a packaging of a light generating element (such as a solid-state light source), and one or more luminescent material containing elements and (other) optical devices, such as lenses, collimators. A light converter element ("converter element" or "converter") may include a luminescent material containing element. For example, a solid-state light source like a blue LED is a light source. A combination of a solid-state light source (as a light generating element) and a light converter element (such as a blue LED and a light converter element) optically coupled to the solid-state light source may also be a light source (but may also be denoted as a light generating device). Thus, a white LED is a light source (but may, for example, also be denoted as a (white) light generating device).

[0021] The term "light source" herein may also refer to light sources including solid state light sources, such as LEDs or laser diodes or super luminescent diodes.

[0022] In embodiments, the term "light source" may (therefore) also refer to a light source that is (also) based on light conversion, such as a light source in combination with a luminescence conversion material. Thus, the term "light source" may also refer to a combination of an LED and a luminescent material configured to convert at least part of the LED radiation, or to a combination of a (diode) laser and a luminescent material configured to convert at least part of the (diode) laser radiation.

[0023] In an embodiment, the term "light source" may also refer to a combination of a light source (such as an LED) and a filter, which may change the spectral power distribution of the light generated by the light source. In particular, the term "light generating device" may be used to refer to a light source as well as additional (optical components) such as filters and / or beam shaping elements, etc.

[0024] In an embodiment, the phrase "different light sources" or "a plurality of different light sources" and similar phrases may refer to a plurality of solid-state light sources selected from at least two different bins. Likewise, the phrase "same light source" or "a plurality of same light sources" and similar phrases may refer to a plurality of solid-state light sources selected from the same bin in an embodiment.

[0025] The terms "solid-state light source" or "solid-state material light source" and similar terms may particularly refer to semiconductor light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), diode lasers or superluminescent diodes.

[0026] In particular, the light generating system is configured to generate system light. The system light may include device light of at least one light generating device (of one or more light generating devices). More particularly, the system light may consist essentially of device light of at least one light generating device. In particular, the system light has a controllable spectral power distribution and a controllable radiant flux. The term "radiant flux" may particularly refer to the radiant energy emitted (by the light generating device) per unit time. The terms "intensity" or "radiant power" may also be applied instead of the term "radiant flux". The term "radiant flux" may be in units of energy, such as in particular watts. The term "spectral power distribution" may particularly refer to the power distribution of light (in particular in units of watts) as a function of wavelength (in particular in units of nanometers), in particular in embodiments within the human visible wavelength range (380-780nm). In particular, the term "spectral power distribution" may refer to the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength, typically expressed in watts / nm. The term "spectral flux" may also be applied instead of the term "spectral power distribution". Therefore, instead of the phrase "controllable spectral power distribution", the phrase "controllable spectral flux" may also be applied. The spectral flux may be expressed as power per unit frequency or wavelength (Watts). In particular, the spectral flux is expressed herein as radiant flux per unit wavelength (W / nm). Furthermore, the spectral flux and radiant flux are particularly based herein on the spectral power of the device light in the wavelength range of 380-780 nm. The term "correlated color temperature" may particularly refer herein to the temperature of a Planckian radiator having a chromaticity that is closest to a given spectral distribution on a modified 1976 UCS diagram, where u', 2 / 3v' are the coordinates of the Planckian locus and the test stimulus.

[0027] Because the system light can be controllable, in particular the spectral power distribution and the radiant flux can be controllable. To this end, in particular, the system can include a light generating device with a controllable spectral power distribution and / or include two or more light generating devices. In the previous (one or more) embodiments, the light generating device with a controllable spectral power distribution can be controlled by a control system. In the following (one or more) embodiments, the spectral power distribution of the system light can be controlled by controlling two or more light generating devices by a control system.

[0028] Thus, in particular, the light generating system may comprise a control system or may be functionally coupled to a control system. The control system may in particular be configured to control one or more light generating devices. In embodiments where there is more than one light generating device, the control system may be configured to control a light generating device individually (or a set of light generating devices individually (see also below)). In particular, the control system may be configured to control the system light (more particularly, the radiant flux and spectral power distribution of the system light).

[0029] The term "control" and similar terms may particularly refer to at least determining behavior or supervising the operation of an element in this article. Therefore, in this article, "control" and similar terms may, for example, refer to applying behavior (determining behavior or supervising the operation of an element) to an element, such as, for example, measuring, displaying, actuating, opening, moving, changing temperature, etc. In addition, the term "control" and similar terms may additionally include monitoring. Therefore, the term "control" and similar terms may include applying behavior to an element, and applying behavior to an element and monitoring the element. The control of the element may be completed with a control system, which may also be indicated as a "controller". Therefore, the control system and the element may be functionally coupled at least temporarily or permanently. The element may include a control system. In an embodiment, the control system and the element may not be physically coupled. Control may be completed via wired and / or wireless control. The term "control system" may also refer to a plurality of different control systems, which are particularly functionally coupled, and wherein, for example, a control system may be a master control system, and one or more other control systems may be slave control systems. The control system may include or may be functionally coupled to a user interface.

[0030] The control system may also be configured to receive and execute instructions from a remote control. In an embodiment, the control system may be controlled via an App on a device such as a portable device (e.g., a smartphone or I-phone, a tablet, etc.). Thus, the device is not necessarily coupled to the light generating system, but may be (temporarily) functionally coupled to the light generating system.

[0031] Therefore, in an embodiment, the control system can (also) be configured to be controlled by an App on a remote device. In such an embodiment, the control system of the light generating system can be a slave control system or a control in slave mode. For example, the light generating system can be identified by a code, in particular a unique code for the corresponding light generating system. The control system of the light generating system can be configured to be controlled by an external control system, which accesses the light generating system based on the knowledge of the (unique) code (input through a user interface or input using an optical sensor (e.g., a QR code reader)). The light generating system may also include components for communicating with other systems or devices, such as based on Bluetooth, WiFi, LiFi, ZigBee, BLE or WiMAX, or other wireless technologies.

[0032] The system or device or equipment may perform actions in a "mode" or "operating mode" or "operable mode". The term "operable mode" may also be indicated as a "control mode". Similarly, in a method, an action or phase or step may be performed in a "mode" or "operating mode" or "operable mode". This does not exclude that the system, or device, or equipment may also be adapted to provide another control mode, or multiple other control modes. Similarly, this may not exclude that one or more other modes may be performed before and / or after the execution of the mode.

[0033] However, in an embodiment, a control system may be available, which is adapted to provide at least a control mode. If other modes are available, the selection of such a mode may in particular be performed via a user interface, although other options (such as executing a mode depending on a sensor signal or a (time) scheme) may also be possible. In an embodiment, an operating mode may also refer to a system, or a device, or an apparatus that can only operate in a single operating mode (i.e. "on", without further tunability).

[0034] Thus, in an embodiment, the control system may be controlled depending on one or more of an input signal of a user interface, a sensor signal (of a sensor), and a timer.The term "timer" may refer to a clock and / or a predetermined time scheme.

[0035] As can be derived from the above, in embodiments, the light generating system may be capable of operating in a single operating mode, or in other embodiments, different operating modes may be selected (e.g., via a user interface, based on a sensor signal, and / or based on a timer (signal)). In the present document, in particular operating modes are described in which the light generating system provides (white) light during a first time period, and then provides a boost of light during a second time period, which may generally mean a lower radiant flux of light in a wavelength range below a certain wavelength, but a higher radiant flux of light in a wavelength range above a certain wavelength. Thereafter, (during a third time period) in embodiments, the system may provide light with a lower radiant flux than during the first time period (and during the second time period), or may be switched off or changed to a sleep mode. For example, in embodiments, during at least 6 hours after the second time period, system light may not be provided at all.

[0036] Thus, in particular, the operating mode may include a first time period in which system light is provided and a second time period in which system light is provided, wherein (i) spectral power distribution and (ii) radiant flux of the system light in the first and second time periods are different.

[0037] Thus, in an embodiment, the light generating system may be configured to provide system light according to the following characteristics (in an operating mode): (a) during a first time period t1, the system light is light having a radiant flux Φ11 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in the second wavelength range, in particular white light; and (b) during a second time period t2, the system light is light having a radiant flux Φ21 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in the second wavelength range. Furthermore, the following characteristics may in particular apply: Φ21<Φ11 and Φ22>Φ12. In particular, in an embodiment, the first time period may be at least 15 minutes, such as at least about 30 minutes. Furthermore, in an embodiment, t2 may be selected from the range of 1 second-30 minutes, more in particular at least about 30 seconds. When the radiant flux Φ22 in the second wavelength range is high during the second time period t2, the second time period may be shorter, while when the radiant flux Φ22 in the second wavelength range is relatively low during the second time period t2, the second time period may need to be longer. However, in particular t1>t2.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the first wavelength range is 380nm-λ1, and the second wavelength range is λ1-780nm, wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 485-550nm. Therefore, in the present invention, the spectral power distribution can be divided into two parts: the wavelength range between 380nm and λ1, and the wavelength range between λ1 and 780nm.

[0039] After the boost light during the second time period, the system light may still be present during the third time period. Typically, its radiant flux will be less than the radiant flux during the first time period. For example, the radiant flux during the third time period (in the wavelength range of 380-780 nm) may be at least 10% lower than during the first time period, such as at least about 15% lower, or even lower, such as at least 50% lower than during the first time period. Alternatively or additionally, the system light during the third time period may have a lower CCT than the system light during the first time period. For example, the CCT may be at least 500K lower, such as at least 1000K lower. As also described below, in some embodiments, after the second time period, the system light may be substantially turned off (and thus there is no third time period). The (lower) radiant flux and / or the (lower) CCT during the third time period may reduce possible negative effects on the circadian rhythm.

[0040] In particular, t1+t2+t3≤24h. For example, t1+t2+t3≤16h. However, in an embodiment, t1+t2+t3≥2h. Furthermore, in an embodiment, t1≥t2+t3 may apply.

[0041] Thus, in a specific embodiment, the light generating system may be configured to provide system light according to the following characteristics (in an operating mode): (a) during a first time period t1, the system light is light having a radiant flux Φ11 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in a second wavelength range, in particular white light; (b) during a second time period t2, the system light is light having a radiant flux Φ21 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range; and (c) during a third time period t3, the system light is light having a radiant flux Φ31 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ32 in a second wavelength range. Furthermore, in particular the following characteristics may also apply: Φ21<Φ11 and Φ31<Φ11. Further, in particular the following characteristics may also apply: Φ22>Φ12 and Φ32<Φ12. In particular, as also described above, t2 may be selected from the range of 1 second-30 minutes, and in particular t1>t2. Furthermore, as described above, the first wavelength range is 380 nm-λ1, and the second wavelength range is λ1-780 nm, wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 485-550 nm.

[0042] The term "white light" and similar terms are known to the person skilled in the art in this document. It may particularly relate to light having a correlated color temperature (CCT) between about 1800K and 20000K, such as between 2000 and 20000K, in particular 2700-20000K, for general lighting, in particular in the range of about 2000-7000K, such as in the range of 2700K and 6500K. In an embodiment, for example for the purpose of backlighting, or for other purposes, the correlated color temperature (CCT) may in particular be in the range of about 7000K and 20000K. Still further, in an embodiment, the correlated color temperature (CCT) is in particular within about 15SDCM (standard deviation of color matching) from the BBL (black body locus), in particular within about 10SDCM from the BBL, even more in particular within about 5SDCM from the BBL. As further explained below, the CCT may in particular be selected from the range of 2000-6500 K, such as from the range of 2000-4000 K, herein. Further note that in embodiments, the CCT may vary over time, such as a higher CCT during a first time period and a lower CCT during an (optional) third time period. In embodiments, the CCT of the system light during the second time period may also be lower when compared to the CCT of the system light during the first time period.

[0043] As described above, the system light during the first time period may be white light. However, in other specific embodiments, the system light during the first time period is visible light rather than white light. In particular, in an embodiment, Φ11 / Φ12≥0.001, more particularly, in an embodiment, Φ11 / Φ12≥0.005. In an embodiment, 0.001≤Φ11 / Φ12<1, for example, 0.005≤Φ11 / Φ12≤0.5. If Φ11 is zero, then typically Φ21 may also be zero. However, in general, in this document Φ11 / Φ12≥0.001.

[0044] The terms "visible", "visible light" or "visible emission" and similar terms refer to light having one or more wavelengths in the range of about 380-780 nm. In this context, UV may particularly refer to wavelengths selected from the range of 190-380 nm, for example 200-380 nm. The terms "light" and "radiation" are used interchangeably herein, unless it is clear from the context that the term "light" refers only to visible light. The terms "light" and "radiation" may therefore refer to UV radiation, visible light and IR radiation. In specific embodiments, in particular for lighting applications, the terms "light" and "radiation" refer to (at least) visible light. The terms "violet light" or "violet emission" and similar terms may particularly relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 380-440 nm. In specific embodiments, violet light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 380-440 nm. The terms "blue light" or "blue emission" and similar terms may particularly relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 440-490 nm (including some violet and cyan hues). In a specific embodiment, blue light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 440-490 nm. The terms "green light" or "green emission" and similar terms may particularly relate to light with a wavelength in the range of about 490-560 nm. In a specific embodiment, green light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 490-560 nm. The terms "yellow light" or "yellow emission" and similar terms may particularly relate to light with a wavelength in the range of about 560-590 nm. In a specific embodiment, yellow light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 560-590 nm. The terms "orange light" or "orange emission" and similar terms may particularly relate to light with a wavelength in the range of about 590-620 nm. In a specific embodiment, orange light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 590-620 nm. The terms "red light" or "red emission" and similar terms may particularly relate to light with a wavelength in the range of about 620-750 nm. In a specific embodiment, red light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 620-750 nm. The terms "cyan light" or "cyan emission" and similar terms particularly relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 490-520 nm. In a specific embodiment, the cyan light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 490-520 nm. The terms "amber light" or "amber emission" and similar terms particularly relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 585-605 nm, for example about 590-600 nm. In a specific embodiment, the amber light may have a centroid wavelength in the range of 585-605 nm.

[0045] The term "centroid wavelength" (also denoted λc) is known in the art and refers to the wavelength value at which half of the light energy is at shorter wavelengths and half at longer wavelengths; the value is in nanometers (nm). It is this wavelength that divides the integral of the spectral power distribution into two equal parts, as represented by the formula λc = Σλ*I(λ) / ΣI(λ), where the sum is over the wavelength range of interest and I(λ) is the spectral energy density (i.e., the integral of the product of wavelength and intensity over the emission band normalized to the integrated intensity). The centroid wavelength can be determined, for example, under operating conditions.

[0046] The phrase "light having one or more wavelengths within a wavelength range" and similar phrases may specifically indicate that the indicated light (or radiation) has a spectral power distribution having at least one or more intensities at these one or more wavelengths within the indicated wavelength range. For example, a solid-state light source emitting blue will have a spectral power distribution having intensities at one or more wavelengths within the wavelength range of 440-495 nm.

[0047] In the examples, it seems to be expected that R 22,12 ≥1.05, where R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12 to obtain this effect. In addition, when R 21,11 ≤0.9 may be beneficial, where R 21,11 =Φ21 / Φ11, so as to obtain the (enhanced) effect. Therefore, in the embodiment, R 21,11 =Φ21 / Φ11, and R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12, where R 21,11 ≤0.9, and where R 22,12 ≥1.05.

[0048] The reduction in radiant flux below λ1 (during the second time period) may be uniformly distributed over the spectral power distribution below λ1. In alternative embodiments, the reduction in radiant flux below λ1 (during the second time period) may be non-uniformly distributed over the spectral power distribution below λ1. For example, one or more portions of the spectral power distribution below λ1 may decrease more than one or more other portions, or even one or more portions of the spectral power distribution below λ1 may increase while one or more other portions decrease more (such that the total R 21,11 <1).

[0049] The increase in radiant flux above λ1 (during the second time period) may be uniformly distributed over the spectral power distribution above λ1. In alternative embodiments, the increase in radiant flux above λ1 (during the second time period) may be unevenly distributed over the spectral power distribution above λ1. For example, one or more portions of the spectral power distribution above λ1 may increase more than one or more other portions, or even one or more portions of the spectral power distribution above λ1 may decrease while one or more other portions increase more (such that the total R 22,12 >1). Therefore, an increase in the radiation flux during the second time period in the wavelength range above λ1 and / or a decrease in the radiation flux during the second time period in the wavelength range below λ1 may be selected so that R 21,11 <1, more particularly R 21,11 ≤0.9, and R 22,12 >1, more particularly R 22,12 ≥1.05.

[0050] For a wavelength λ1 selected from the range of about 485-550 nm and for a CCT of the system light selected from the range of about 2000-6500 K, in particular from the range of 2000-4000 K, R 22,12 In embodiments, it may be as high as about 5. Larger values ​​may be possible (see also below), especially at higher CCT and / or higher λ1 wavelength values. Thus, λ1 wavelength values ​​greater than 550 nm may be less desirable. Furthermore, a CCT not higher than about 6500 K, for example not higher than 5000 K, may be desirable because R 22,12 The ratio may become relatively high.

[0051] In an embodiment, especially at higher wavelengths of λ1, R 22,12 Values ​​exceeding 5, for example even exceeding 10, can be obtained. 21,11 This is especially true when R is chosen to be high (but still below 1). 22,12 may be less desirable, as a sudden and significant increase in intensity may not always be liked by the user. Therefore, in particular in embodiments, λ1 and R 21,11 can be chosen so that 1.05 ≤ R 22,12 ≤7, more particularly 1.05≤R 22,12 ≤5. In particular, in the embodiment 1.05≤R 22,12 ≤4. Therefore, especially R 22,12 ≤7, more particularly R 22,12 ≤5, for example R 22,12 ≤4.

[0052] In a more specific embodiment, when λ1 is selected from the range of 485-500 nm, 1.05≤R 22,12≤3.0 may be applicable, and when λ1 is selected from the range of 500-550nm, 2.2≤R 22,12 ≤5(e.g. 2.2≤R 22,12 ≤4) may apply. However, as mentioned above, other values ​​may also be possible, although in particular at least the following values ​​may apply: R 21,11 <1 and R 22,12 >1, more particularly R 21,11 ≤0.9 and R 22,12 ≥1.05 (may be applicable).

[0053] In a specific embodiment, R 21,11 ≤0.8. However, in a specific embodiment, R 21,11 = 0. The previous embodiment, but especially the latter embodiment, may result in colored system light during the second period. 21,11 value and relatively small R 22,12 The system light during the second time period may be white light at this value. However, as further explained below, during the second time period, the system light may also be colored light.

[0054] In an embodiment, during the second time period, the increase in the (second) radiant flux in the wavelength range above λ1 may be relatively smaller than the decrease in the first radiant flux in the wavelength range below λ1. 22,12 value, because R 22,12 If the change of is relatively small, it may already have the desired effect. Thus, a significant increase of the radiant flux above λ1 is not excluded, but this may not be necessary, especially when λ1 is not chosen too high.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, R 21,11 *R 22,12 ≤5. For example, in the embodiment, R 21,11 *R 22,12 ≤4, for example, in another specific embodiment, R 21,11 *R 22,12 ≤2.

[0056] At values ​​of λ1 less than about 485 nm, this effect may be relatively small, and at values ​​of λ1 greater than about 550 nm, this effect may be reduced and / or may only be present when using the radiant flux (R 22,12 ), and / or the effect may be only obtainable at a lower CCT during the first time period. Thus, in a specific embodiment, λ1 may be selected from the range of about 490-530 nm.

[0057] The higher λ1 is, the higher R 22,12The larger the split wavelength λ1 may be as desired. This may lead to impractical situations (i.e., the light source in the room is not feasible). In addition, the higher the split wavelength λ1, the smaller the percentage reduction of active melanopsin pigment may be. From the perspective of efficiency, the split wavelength can be selected to be as low as possible, in particular at least not greater than 530nm.

[0058] In an embodiment, the split wavelength λ1 may be selected based on considerations related to, for example, the upper emission wavelength of the blue primary light source. When using such a split wavelength, intensity variations at wavelengths < λ1 may then be achieved by dimming the blue primary.

[0059] Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, the system light during the first time period t1 may have a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2000-6500 K, more particularly selected from the range of 2000-4000 K. Therefore, in particular the system light during the first time period may be white light, in particular having a color within 15 SDCM from the black body locus. However, in other embodiments, the system light may be colored light.

[0060] In particular, the spectral power distribution of the system light during the first time period may be different from the spectral power distribution of the system light during the second time period. In a specific embodiment, the color or color point of the first type of light and the second type of light may be different when the corresponding color points of the first type of light and the second type of light differ by at least 0.01 for u' and / or by at least 0.01 for v', even more particularly by at least 0.02 for u' and / or by at least 0.02 for v'. In a more specific embodiment, the corresponding color points of the first type of light and the second type of light may differ by at least 0.03 for u' and / or by at least 0.03 for v'. Here, u' and v' are the color coordinates of the light in the CIE 1976 UCS (Uniform Chromaticity Scale) diagram. Spectral power distributions of different light sources whose centroid wavelengths differ by at least 10 nm, for example at least 20 nm, or even at least 30 nm may be considered to be different spectral power distributions, for example different colors. Typically, the difference in centroid wavelength will not be greater than about 400 nm, for example not greater than 350 nm.

[0061] In an embodiment, the light generating system may include at least two (i.e., two or more) light generating devices configured to generate device lights with different spectral power distributions. In this way, by controlling at least two light generating devices, the spectral power distribution and (one or more) radiant flux of the system light may be controlled. Therefore, in an embodiment, the one or more light generating devices include (i) a first light generating device configured to generate a first device light, and (ii) a second light generating device configured to generate a second device light; wherein the spectral power distributions of the first device light and the second device light are different; wherein the system light includes one or more of the first device light and the second device light.

[0062] In an embodiment, one of the two or more light generating devices may be configured to generate white light having a relatively low content of one or more of green, yellow, orange, and red light, while another of the two or more light generating devices may be configured to generate white light having a relatively high content of one or more of green, yellow, orange, and red light.

[0063] In an embodiment, one of the two or more light generating devices may be configured to generate white light, while another of the two or more light generating devices may be configured to generate colored light having a relatively high content of one or more of green, yellow, orange and red light.

[0064] In an embodiment, one of the two or more light generating devices may be configured to generate colored light, in particular having one or more wavelengths in the blue wavelength range and / or having one or more wavelengths in the green wavelength range, while another of the two or more light generating devices may be configured to generate colored light having a relatively high content of one or more of green, yellow, orange and red light, while together they may provide white light in an operating mode.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the first device light can be cool white light, and the second device light can be warm white light, and during the second time period t2, the second device light can contribute more to the system light than during the first time period t1. An advantage of combining cool white light and warm white light is that the light generating system always provides system light that is useful for pre-sleep human activities that require acceptable white light conditions or sleep preparation human activities that require acceptable white light conditions without hindering human melatonin production at night and before going to bed. Such human activities include, for example, relaxing, reading in bed, brushing teeth before going to bed, walking to the bedroom, loading the nighttime dishwasher, etc.

[0066] In an (alternative) specific embodiment, the first device light may be cool white light, and the second device light may be colored light having one or more wavelengths in at least one of the yellow, orange, and red wavelength ranges, and during the second time period t2, the second device light may contribute more to the system light than during the first time period t1.

[0067] Of course, the above examples may also involve two groups (or more groups) of light generating devices, wherein the light generating devices within one group may be configured to generate device light having substantially the same spectral power distribution, and wherein light generating devices from different groups may be configured to generate device light having different spectral power distributions. Each group may include at least one light generating device. The control system may be configured to control each group individually.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the second device light may be colored light having a centroid wavelength λ2 selected from the range of λ1 <λ2 ≤ 780 nm, for example selected from the range of λ1 <λ2 ≤ 650 nm.

[0069] In particular, in an embodiment, the first device light may be white light, and the second device light may be colored light having a centroid wavelength λ2 selected from the range of λ1<λ2≤650nm. For example, the second device light may be green light, yellow light, orange light, or red light. And even more particularly, the second light may be green light or yellow light. Thus, in a specific embodiment, the second device light may have a centroid wavelength λ2 selected from the range of λ1<λ2≤550nm.

[0070] When the system light is colored light during the first time period and is colored light during the second time period, a centroid wavelength of the system light during the first time period may be smaller than a centroid wavelength during the second time period.

[0071] The ratio of Φ31 / Φ11 can be defined as R 31,11 In an embodiment, where t3 is not equal to zero minutes, R 31,11 <1. In particular, in the embodiment, R 31,11 ≤0.5. The ratio of Φ32 / Φ12 can be defined as R 32,12 In an embodiment, where t3 is not equal to zero minutes, R 32,12 <1. In particular, in the embodiment, R 32,12 ≤0.5.

[0072] In an embodiment (where t3 is not equal to zero minutes), the spectral power distribution of the system light during the first time period and during the third time period is the same (but the radiant flux is different). In an alternative embodiment (where t3 is not equal to zero minutes), the spectral power distribution of the system light during the second time period and during the third time period is the same (but the radiant flux is different).

[0073] Note that in an alternative embodiment, t3 may be 0 minutes, and therefore Φ31 and Φ32 are zero (either one is zero).

[0074] In an embodiment, the system may be configured to generate system light having an illuminance of at least 100 lux, such as at least 250 lux, such as at least 500 lux, during the second time period, illuminance being defined as the amount of light incident on a surface per unit area (1 m2). 2 )’s luminous flux.

[0075] In an embodiment (where t3 is not equal to zero minutes), the system may be configured to generate system light having an illuminance of a maximum of 100 lux, such as a maximum of 50 lux, such as in particular a maximum of 10 lux, during the third time period, illuminance being defined as the illuminance per unit area (1 m2) incident on a surface. 2 )’s luminous flux.

[0076] In an embodiment, the illuminance value (expressed in "lux") of the system light during the second time period t2 is equal to or greater than (preferably greater than) the illuminance value of the system light during the first time period t1. That is, in such an embodiment, the system light has a variable illuminance value E v , where the variable illuminance value E of the system light during the second time period t2 is v equal to or greater than the illuminance value E of the system light during the first time period t1 v The same relationship of course applies to the luminous flux or optical power of the system light (expressed in "lumens"). This is quite counterintuitive, since the general teaching is to reduce light intensity before going to bed, not increase it.

[0077] In an embodiment, the variable illumination value E of the system light v and variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel D65 Both are greater during the second time period t2 than during the first time period t1. Therefore, in an embodiment, the system light has a variable illuminance value E v and variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel D65 , where (i) the variable illuminance value E of the system light v and (ii) variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel D65 One or more of is greater during the second time period t2 than during the first time period t1. Therefore, in an embodiment, the variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E of the system light during the second time period t2 is v,mel D65 may be equal to or greater than during the first time period t1. In addition, in an embodiment, the variable illuminance value E of the system light v and variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel D65 is smaller during the third time period t3 than during the first time period t1 and / or during the second time period t2.

[0078] The system light (also referred to as an enhancement pulse) during the second time period t2 can be provided during a relatively short period. For example, such an enhancement pulse can be provided shortly before falling asleep and can, for example, last up to about 30 minutes. The time may depend on the radiant flux. Generally, the greater the radiant flux of the system light during the second time period, the shorter the second time period can be. Therefore, the smaller the radiant flux of the system light during the second time period, the longer the second time period can be selected. In an embodiment, t2 can be selected from a range of at least 30 seconds, for example from a range of 1-15 minutes. In particular, the second time period may be no longer than 60 minutes, for example no longer than 30 minutes.

[0079] The first time period may be substantially any time period, but in particular not longer than about 20 hours, such as not longer than about 16 hours. In an embodiment, t1 may be at least 1 hour, such as at least about 1.5 hours. For example, t1 may be selected from the range of 30 minutes-8 hours (e.g. 1-6 hours). For example, t1 may be a time period selected within the time range of 17:00-24:00 hours. In particular, the first time period may be a time period during dusk.

[0080] In an embodiment, an enhancement pulse may be provided during a period before falling asleep, wherein the system light is provided, whereby the enhancement pulse divides the period into two (or in fact three) periods, wherein the time before the enhancement pulse is the first period and the period after the enhancement pulse is the third period. During the first and third time periods, optical properties such as spectral power distribution and (one or more) radiant flux may be the same, but may also be different. In particular, as also described above, during the third period, the radiant flux of the system light may be lower and / or the CCT may be lower compared to the first period. Thus, the third period may in particular be a period shortly before falling asleep.

[0081] In an embodiment, t3 may be at most 2 hours. Too long a period may have an adverse effect on the effect of the enhanced pulse. Therefore, in an embodiment, t3 may be selected from the range of 0-60 minutes, such as 0-45 minutes, such as at least about 10 minutes in an embodiment. In particular, in an embodiment t1>t3. In addition, in other embodiments, t3 is 0 minutes. In an alternative embodiment, t3>0 minutes, such as in an embodiment t3>t2. However, in yet another alternative embodiment, t2>t3. However, in particular, as described above, t3≤60 minutes, more particularly t3≤30 minutes, such as t3≤15 minutes, such as selected from the range of 0-15 minutes. The shorter the third time period, the higher the sustained effect of the enhanced light pulse during the second time period may be.

[0082] As described above, the system may further include a control system configured to control the system light depending on one or more of an input signal of a user interface, a sensor signal (of a sensor) and a timer. In an embodiment, the sensor may be configured at least to generate a sensor signal depending on a parameter related to human behavior. The sensor may be selected from a motion sensor, a presence sensor, a sound sensor, a light sensor, etc. Therefore, the control system may use the system to learn human behavior based on the sensor signal. For example, routines such as turning on a dishwasher, turning off a specific light, dimming the lights, using stairs, using a bathroom, brushing teeth, etc. may be combined with time to produce a pattern that can be recognized. In such an embodiment, the system may determine similar moments when a person may expect to fall asleep, and provide an enhanced pulse at the calculated time. Therefore, in an embodiment, the system may be a self-learning system.

[0083] In an embodiment, the system may include two or more light generating devices, wherein at least two (of the two or more light generating devices) may be configured in different rooms. This may even allow system light to be provided at spatially different locations during a first period, and system light to be provided during a second period (and system light to be provided during a third period). Therefore, in an embodiment, the first light generating device and the second light generating device may be configured in different spaces (in a building); wherein the first light generating device may be configured to generate (white) system light having a radiant flux Φ11 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in a second wavelength range during a first time period t1; and wherein the second light generating device may be configured to generate system light having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range during a second time period t2. In an embodiment, the space in which the first light generating device is configured may be selected from a living room and a kitchen, and the space in which the second light generating device may be configured is selected from a bathroom, a toilet, and a bedroom.

[0084] The system may further include a third light generating device, which is configured in a space different from the first space in which the first light generating device is configured, and optionally configured in a space different from the second space in which the second light generating device is configured. In an embodiment, the space in which the third light generating device can be configured is selected from a bathroom, a toilet and a bedroom, and in particular, the third light generating device can be configured in a bedroom. In a specific embodiment, three spatially differently configured light generating devices in different spaces can be configured to generate system light during the three mentioned time periods, respectively. In other specific embodiments, two spatially differently configured light generating devices in different spaces can be configured to generate system light during the first time period and the second time period, respectively.

[0085] The light generating system may be part of, or may be applied in, for example, a home lighting system, an accent lighting system, a spotlight lighting system, a fiber optic application system, a projection system, a self-luminous display system, a pixelated display system, a segmented display system, a decorative lighting system, and the like.

[0086] In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides one or more lamps or illuminators including a light generating system as defined herein. One or more illuminators may further include a housing, an optical element, a shutter, etc. One or more lamps or illuminators may further include a housing enclosing the light generating system. One or more lamps or illuminators may include a light window or housing opening in the housing, through which the system light escapes from the housing. In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides one or more projection devices including a light generating system as defined herein. In particular, a projection device or "projector" or "image projector" may be an optical device that projects an image (or moving image) onto a surface (such as, for example, a projection screen). One or more projection devices may include one or more light generating systems, such as described herein. Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention also provides a light generating device selected from a group of lamps, illuminators, projector devices, disinfection equipment, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices, including a light generating system as defined herein. The light generating device may include a housing or carrier configured to accommodate or support one or more elements of the light generating system. For example, in an embodiment, a light generating device may include a housing or carrier configured to house or support one or more light generating devices.

[0087] In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for generating system light (i.e., light provided by a light generating system (in particular, such a light generating system as described herein)), wherein the method comprises: (a) generating system light, in particular white system light, having a radiant flux Φ11 within a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 within a second wavelength range during a first time period t1; (b) generating system light having a radiant flux Φ21 within the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 within the second wavelength range during a second time period t2; and (c) optionally generating system light having a radiant flux Φ31 within the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ32 within the second wavelength range during a third time period t3; wherein Φ21<Φ11 and Φ31<Φ11, Φ22>Φ12 and Φ32<Φ12, t2 is selected from the range of 1 second-30 minutes; and t1>t2; and wherein the first wavelength range is 380nm-λ1, and the second wavelength range is λ1-780nm, wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 485-550nm.

[0088] As mentioned above, the third stage of generating system light during the third time period t3 is optional. When available, t3>0 minutes (like in particular at least 1 second), and when this stage is not available, then t3=0 minutes (in fact t3=0 seconds). Therefore, the phrase "optionally during the third time period t3" and similar phrases may refer to embodiments in which t1 and t2 are not equal to zero minutes and in which t3 may be zero minutes or more (but in particular not more than 2 hours, more in particular not more than 1 hour (see also above)). When t3=0 minutes, of course the radiant flux Φ31 in the first wavelength range and the radiant flux Φ32 in the second wavelength range are also zero. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0089] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts, and in which:

[0090] Figure 1a schematically shows the tristable state of melanopsin (see also Emanuel et al., see below). Photoconversion can only occur between R and M and between M and E. In particular, the pigment fractions (in photoequilibrium) for monochromatic light stimulation are depicted. On the y-axis, schematic fractions of the three pigment states are schematically shown. The sum of the three fractions should equal 1;

[0091] Figure 1b shows a numerical simulation of the fraction of melanopsin pigment in the signaling M-state. In this example, at 18 h, the spectrum changes from (a) 4000K office light to (b) 2700K or (c) 2000K night light;

[0092] Figure 1c shows a simulation of a change in illumination (here 23 h) from 2700 K (a) to 525 nm light, resulting in a large reduction in the fraction of M-state pigments. Note that this reduction is achieved much faster when 500 lux (c) is used instead of 100 lux (b);

[0093] Figure 2 schematically depicts an embodiment of a light generating system;

[0094] Figure 3a schematically shows the user adapting to 2700K night light, represented by the dashed line in the graph. 500nm is selected as the wavelength λ1 at which the spectrum is "split". In order to produce light enhancement that improves falling asleep, the intensity of wavelengths < split wavelength (<λ1) is reduced, while the intensity of wavelengths > split wavelength (>λ1) is increased;

[0095] Fig. 3b schematically shows a possible time-dependent radiation flux;

[0096] FIG. 3 c shows an example of a multiplication factor, here for an embodiment where the system light has a CCT of 2700K and λ1=500nm in the first time period;

[0097] 4a-4b schematically depict some further (application) embodiments.

[0098] The schematic drawings are not necessarily to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0099] Current lighting applications ignore the reported discovery that melanopsin pigment has been shown to be tristable, as described by Emanuel et al. in Melanopsin tristability for sustained and broadbandphototransduction, Neuron, 2015, 85(5), 1043-1055, doi: 10.1016 / j.neuron.2015.02.011, which is incorporated herein by reference. When stimulated by light, the process of photoconversion (isomerization) can distribute the melanopsin pigment across three states (two silent and one signaling). This is schematically indicated in Figure 1a by the labels R, M, and E. Only the fraction of melanopsin in the signaling state (M) can contribute to the phototransduction process in ipRGCs. Therefore, the intensity of the signal sent from the ipRGC to the SCN (the signal sent to the brain) might be expected to depend on this melanopsin fraction.

[0100] Whenever the spectral composition of the light reaching the melanopsin photopigment changes, the photoconversion process between states R and M and between M and E reaches a new equilibrium. This may take time, depending on both the spectrum and the intensity of the light. The relative spectral distribution determines the pigment fraction at equilibrium, the absolute intensity determines the speed of the process. For high-intensity light, this may be a few seconds, while low-intensity light may take several hours to reach this equilibrium point. Emanuel et al. showed the ability of several white light sources to change their pigment fractions. It was found that the broadband white light source selected by Emanuel et al. maintained a more or less stable pigment fraction. In addition, it seems that the fraction can be significantly changed by stimulation with monochromatic light.

[0101] The present invention may specifically take into account the fraction of "signaling" melanopsin pigments, thereby providing a novel and more optimized way to control the sensitivity of the melanopsin system through light, as opposed to darkness, which may seem counterintuitive. Specifically, the application of short duration and intense light to quickly force partial silencing of the melanopsin signaling state is described herein. This approach may be counterintuitive because (temporarily) more light (higher lux levels) - rather than less light - is used to reduce melanopsin activation. The short duration and intense light can also be extended to longer duration and less intense light if it is more convenient for the end user. The duration for the tristable melanopsin to transition to the silent state will then take longer, but it will still be more silent than the conventional white and dim situation that is typically used.

[0102] Figure 1b shows an example where a change in lighting was simulated over 18 hours, from a standard office lighting spectrum (4000K, 500 lux) to typical home nighttime lighting. For the latter, we used 2700K or 2000K at 100 lux. The simulations show that by changing the CCT to lower values, the pigment score decreases from 0.51 to 0.48 and 0.45, respectively, and that the decrease is greater for 2000K light. It is expected that the lower this score is, the faster people can fall asleep due to reduced suppression of melatonin production in the pineal gland.

[0103] The scale at which the pigment fraction is reduced and how quickly this occurs depends entirely on the spectrum and intensity of the light. It would appear that longer wavelengths require (substantially) more time than shorter wavelengths. However, for the present goal, to force / maintain a low pigment fraction in the M state, shorter wavelengths should not be used (see also Figure 1a). Therefore, how much the fraction can be reduced may depend on the choice of wavelength used and the time available to the user.

[0104] In Figure 1c, an example is shown where a large reduction (from 0.48 to about 0.3) can be obtained using light of wavelength 525nm. The example also shows that a faster reduction is obtained when the lux level increases from 100 lux to 500 lux, which is completely counterintuitive. Roughly speaking, a 10-fold increase in illuminance speeds up the process 10 times. Simulations show that, assuming that the user turns off all bedroom lighting within a reasonably short time after the light intervention, the present invention can significantly reduce the pigment score from 0.48 to 0.3, and itself serves as a very effective solution for preparing people for sleep.

[0105] refer to Figure 2 - Figure 3, depicts (schematically) several aspects and embodiments.

[0106] Figure 2An embodiment of a light generating system 1000 is schematically depicted. However, many other embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the claims. The light generating system 1000 comprises one or more light generating devices 100. Each of the one or more light generating devices 100 is configured to generate device light 101. The light generating system 1000 may be configured to generate system light 1001 comprising device light 101 of at least one light generating device 100. The light generating system 1000 may be configured to provide (in an operating mode) system light 1001 according to one or more (in particular all) of the following characteristics: (a) during a first time period t1, the system light 1001 may be (white) light having a radiant flux Φ11 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in a second wavelength range; (b) during a second time period t2, the system light 1001 may be light having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range; (c) during a third time period t2, the system light 1001 may be light having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range; (d) during a third time period t3, the system light 1001 may be light having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range; (e) during a third time period t4, the system light 1001 may be light having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range; (f) during a third time period t5, the system light 1001 may be light having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range; (g) during a third time period t6, the system light 1001 may be During interval t3, the system light 1001 may be light having a radiation flux Φ31 within a first wavelength range and a radiation flux Φ32 within a second wavelength range; (d) Φ21<Φ11 and Φ31<Φ11; (e) Φ22>Φ12 and Φ32<Φ12; (f) t2 may be selected from the range of 1 second-30 minutes; (g) t1>t2; (h) the first wavelength range may be 380nm-λ1, and the second wavelength range may be λ1-780nm; and (i) λ1 may be selected from the range of 485-550nm.

[0107] In an embodiment, R 21,11 =Φ21 / Φ11, R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12, R 21,11 ≤0.9 and R 22,12 ≥1.05. In the embodiment, 1.05≤R 22,12 ≤5. In particular, in the embodiment, when λ1 can be selected from the range of 485-500nm, 1.05≤R 22,12 ≤3.0, and when λ1 can be selected from the range of 500-550nm, 2.2≤R 22,12 ≤5. In a specific embodiment, R 21,11 *R 22,12 ≤5. In an embodiment, λ1 may be selected from the range of 490-530 nm. In an embodiment, during the first time period t1, the system light 1001 may have a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2000-6500 K, more particularly selected from the range of 2000-4000 K.

[0108] Figure 2An embodiment of a system 1000 is schematically depicted, wherein one or more light generating devices 100 include (i) a first light generating device 110 configured to generate a first device light 111, and (ii) a second light generating device 120 configured to generate a second device light 121. In particular, the spectral power distributions of the first device light 111 and the second device light 121 may be different. In particular, the system light 1001 may include one or more of the first device light 111 and the second device light 121. Reference numeral 301 indicates a user interface, which may optionally be included by the system 1000.

[0109] In a specific embodiment, the first device light 111 may be cool white light and the second device light 121 may be warm white light. However, other embodiments may also be possible (see above and below).

[0110] Furthermore, in an embodiment, during the second time period t2, the contribution of the system light 1001 and the second device light 121 to the system light 1001 may be greater than during the first time period t1.

[0111] In an embodiment, the second device light 121 may be colored light, the centroid wavelength λ2 of which is selected from the range of λ1<λ2≤780 nm.

[0112] In a specific embodiment, first device light 111 may be white light, and second device light 121 may be colored light having a centroid wavelength λ2 selected from the range of λ1<λ2≤650 nm.

[0113] In particular, in an embodiment, second device light 121 may have a centroid wavelength λ2 selected from the range of λ1<λ2≤550 nm.

[0114] In an embodiment, the system light 1001 may have a variable illumination value E v and variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel d65 In particular, the variable illumination value E of the system light 1001 v and variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel d65 Both may be greater during the second time period t2 than during the first time period t1 .

[0115] In an embodiment, t2 may be selected from the range of 1-15 minutes. Alternatively or additionally, in an embodiment, t1 may be at least 1 hour. Also alternatively or additionally, t3 may be at most 2 hours. In a specific embodiment, t1>t3.

[0116] Likewise Figure 2, the light generating system 1000 may further include a control system 300 configured to control the system light 1001 depending on one or more of an input signal of a user interface, a sensor signal (of a sensor), and a timer. In an embodiment, the sensor 310 may be configured at least to generate a sensor signal depending on a parameter related to human behavior.

[0117] Fig. 3a schematically depicts the spectral power distribution of the system light 1001, where λ1 is at about 500nm, and where the dashed line is the spectral power distribution during a first time period, and where the filled line distribution is the spectral power distribution during a second time period. Here, the intensity at all wavelengths below λ1 is selected to decrease, and the intensity at all wavelengths above λ1 is selected to increase.

[0118] In alternative embodiments, the reduction in radiant flux below λ1 (during the second time period) may be unevenly distributed over the spectral power distribution below λ1. For example, one or more portions of the spectral power distribution below λ1 may decrease more than one or more other portions, or even one or more portions of the spectral power distribution below λ1 may increase while one or more other portions decrease more (such that the total R 21,11 <1). Likewise, in alternative embodiments, the increase in radiant flux above λ1 (during the second time period) may be unevenly distributed over the spectral power distribution above λ1. For example, one or more portions of the spectral power distribution above λ1 may increase more than one or more other portions, or even one or more portions of the spectral power distribution above λ1 may decrease while one or more other portions increase more (such that the total R 22,12 >1). As mentioned above, especially R 21,11 =Φ21 / Φ11, R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12, R 21,11 ≤0.9 and R 22,12 ≥1.05.

[0119] Fig. 3b shows by way of example some possible radiation fluxes over time.In the second time period t2, the enhanced light pulse Φ22 is clearly visible.

[0120] For different intensity reduction factors (for wavelength < splitting wavelength), the minimum required multiplication factor for wavelength > splitting to produce light enhancement was determined.

[0121] The following table and Figure 3c show exemplary curves for λ1=500nm at 2700K. In the following table, some additional results for the multiplication factors are provided. In this article, λ1 indicates the wavelength where the spectral power distribution is divided into a below part (<λ1) and an above part (>λ1). These values ​​are provided at different CCTs. The multiplication factors are determined for an enhanced light pulse time of 5 minutes.

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] The above table is for an embodiment where the system light during the first time period is white light. For colored light during the first time period, the same multiplication factor may be applied.

[0128] According to the above table, it seems that at higher CCT and larger split wavelengths, even the minimum multiplication factor or ratio R 22,12 It may also become greater than 5 (see, for example, the split wavelength of 550 nm, where the minimum ratio R of one entry 22,12 15,6). If it is desired to keep values ​​below 5, the multiplication factor for the lower wavelength range (<λ1) can be adjusted and / or the split wavelength can be adjusted (i.e. in this example of 550 nm: down to below 550 nm). Note that, as mentioned above, 550 nm is anyway a relatively large wavelength. In particular, λ1 can be selected from the range of 490-530 nm.

[0129] Fig. 4a schematically depicts an embodiment of a luminaire 2 comprising a light generating system 1000 as described above. Reference numeral 301 indicates a user interface, which may be functionally coupled with a control system 300, which is comprised by or functionally coupled to the light generating system 1000. Fig. 4a also schematically depicts an embodiment of a lamp 1 comprising a light generating system 1000. Reference numeral 3 indicates a projector device or a projector system, which may be used to project an image (such as on a wall), which may also comprise the light generating system 1000. Thus, Fig. 4a schematically depicts an embodiment of a lighting device 1200, which is selected from the group of a lamp 1, a luminaire 2, a projector device 3, a disinfection device, a photochemical reactor and an optical wireless communication device, comprising the light generating system 1000 as described herein. In an embodiment, such a lighting device may be a lamp 1, a luminaire 2, a projector device 3, a disinfection device or an optical wireless communication device. Light of the lighting device escaping from the lighting device 1200 is indicated with reference numeral 1201. The lighting device light 1201 may essentially consist of the system light 1001 and may therefore be the system light 1001 in a specific embodiment.

[0130] Referring to FIG4b, the light generating system 1000 may include a first light generating device 110 and a second light generating device 120, which may be configured in different spaces. The first light generating device 110 may be configured to generate a white system light 1001 having a radiant flux Φ11 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in a second wavelength range during a first time period t1. The second light generating device 120 may be configured to generate a system light 1001 having a radiant flux Φ21 in a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in a second wavelength range during a second time period t2. The first light generating device 110 may be configured in a space selected from a living room and a kitchen. The second light generating device 120 may be configured in a space selected from a bathroom, a toilet, and a bedroom. Different spaces 1300 are indicated by reference numerals 1310, 1320, and 1330, respectively. Of course, more than two different spaces may be illuminated with device light of one or more light generating devices. In embodiment 1 of FIG4b, the first light generating device 110 is configured in a living room 1310. In addition, the second light generating device 120 is also configured in the living room 1310, but the second light generating device may also be configured in the bedroom 1320 and / or the bathroom 1330. This may allow an enhanced pulse in the living room, and optionally allow the system light 1001 in the bedroom 1320 and / or the bathroom 1330 to be at a reduced intensity and / or a reduced CCT during the third period. However, it may also allow an enhanced pulse in the bedroom 1320 and / or the bathroom 1330 during the third period, and optionally allow the system light 1001 in the bedroom 1320 and / or the bathroom 1330 to be at a reduced intensity and / or a reduced CCT. Although in embodiment I, the system light 1001 in the living room 1310 may be provided by contributions from both the first device 110 and the second device 120, in embodiment II of FIG. 4 b , the system light 1001 in the living room 1310 may be provided only by the device light 111. In such an embodiment, for example, during the third period, a boost pulse may be provided in the bedroom 1320 and / or the restroom 1330 , and optionally the system light 1001 may be provided at a reduced intensity and / or reduced CCT in the bedroom 1320 and / or the restroom 1330 .

[0131] Among other things, the invention provides a lighting system with at least one light setting providing a "high intensity" setting with a dominant wavelength of e.g. 485 nm or higher to be applied before falling asleep. The duration of the falling asleep routine can be set in the preferences of the user (optional) so that the intensity and even the hue can be adjusted according to the preferences. Calculations have shown that duration and illumination are interchangeable. So, 500 lux for 1 minute and 100 lux for 5 minutes have the same effect. Furthermore, longer wavelengths may require more time to achieve the same effect as shorter wavelengths. The enhanced light does not have to be a single wavelength, it can be broadband, with the limitation that wavelengths < 485 nm are essentially not used. For example, turning off the blue LEDs in the white light spectrum from a Hue lamp, thereby producing yellow light, is already a first approximation of such a broadband spectrum.

[0132] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a lighting system with a control unit that receives control signals based on knowledge of a user's bedtime routine (e.g., a Hue sleep routine). The control signals can be calculated either on the fly or in advance to cause light effects as described below.

[0133] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a connected lighting system that, either receiving input from one or more (co-located) sensors, is able to assess or infer a user's current "state", where state refers to the user's lighting history; or derive that current state based on a model (e.g., from previous history).

[0134] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a light bulb that, when a (wall) switch is turned off, automatically provides a light boost first before dimming to complete darkness.

[0135] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a connected bathroom lighting system that turns on a boost light when the connected bathroom lighting system detects or receives a control signal that a user begins using an electric toothbrush at night (before falling asleep).

[0136] The term "plurality" means two or more.

[0137] Those skilled in the art will understand the terms "substantially" or "essentially" and similar terms herein. The terms "substantially" or "essentially" may also include embodiments with "completely", "completely", "all", etc. Therefore, in embodiments, the adjectives substantially or substantially may also be removed. Where applicable, the terms "substantially" or "essentially" may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, particularly 99% or higher, even more particularly 99.5% or higher, including 100%.

[0138] The term "comprising" also includes embodiments in which the term "comprising" means "consisting of.

[0139] The term "and / or" specifically refers to one or more of the items mentioned before and after "and / or". For example, the phrase "item 1 and / or item 2" and similar phrases may refer to one or more of item 1 and item 2. The term "comprising" may mean "consisting of" in one embodiment, but may also mean "including at least the defined categories and optionally one or more other categories" in another embodiment.

[0140] In addition, the terms first, second, third, etc. in the specification and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily to describe a sequential or temporal order. It should be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than those described or illustrated herein.

[0141] During operation, an apparatus, device or system may be described herein - among other things. As will be clear to one skilled in the art, the present invention is not limited to methods of operation, or apparatus, devices or systems in operation.

[0142] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

[0143] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.

[0144] The use of the verb "comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim. Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprises," "comprising," etc. should be interpreted in an inclusive sense, rather than an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, in the sense of "including but not limited to."

[0145] The article "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

[0146] The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a device claim, an apparatus claim or a system claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are cited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. In yet another aspect, the invention (therefore) provides a software product which, when run on a computer, is capable of implementing (one or more embodiments of) the method as described herein.

[0147] The present invention also provides a control system that can control a device, apparatus or system, or can perform the method or process described herein. Still further, the present invention also provides a computer program product that, when functionally coupled to a device, apparatus or system or run on a computer included in the device, apparatus or system, controls one or more controllable elements of such a device, apparatus or system.

[0148] The present invention further applies to an apparatus, device or system comprising one or more characterizing features described in the specification and / or shown in the attached drawings. The present invention further relates to a method or process comprising one or more characterizing features described in the specification and / or shown in the attached drawings.

[0149] The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined to provide additional advantages. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments can be combined, and more than two embodiments can also be combined. In addition, some features can form the basis of one or more divisional applications.

Claims

1. A light generating system (1000) comprising one or more light generating devices (100), wherein each of the one or more light generating devices (100) is configured to generate device light (101), wherein the light generating system (1000) is configured to generate system light (1001) comprising the device light (101) of at least one light generating device (100), wherein the light generating system (1000) is configured to provide the system light (1001) according to the following characteristics: - during the first time period t1, the system light (1001) is white light having a radiant flux Φ11 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 in the second wavelength range; - during the second time period t2, the system light (1001) is light having a radiant flux Φ21 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 in the second wavelength range; - during the third time period t3, the system light (1001) is light having a radiant flux Φ31 in the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ32 in the second wavelength range; -Φ21<Φ11 and Φ31<Φ11 -Φ22>Φ12 and Φ32<Φ12 - t2 is selected from the range of 1 second to 30 minutes; and t1>t2; - the first wavelength range is 380 nm - λ1, and the second wavelength range is λ1 - 780 nm, wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 485 - 550 nm, The one or more light generating devices (100) include (i) a first light generating device (110) configured to generate cold white light (111), and (ii) a second light generating device (120) configured to generate warm white light (121); wherein the spectral power distributions of the first device light (111) and the second device light (121) are different; wherein the system light (1001) includes one or more of the cold white light (111) and the warm white light (121); and wherein during the second time period t2, the contribution of the warm white light (121) to the system light (1001) is greater than the contribution during the first time period t1.

2. The light generating system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the system light (1001) has a variable luminous flux or illuminance value E v , wherein the variable luminous flux or illuminance value E of the system light (1001) during the second time period t2 v equal to or greater than the variable luminous flux or illuminance value E during the first time period t1 v .

3. The light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein 1.05≤R 22,12 ≤5, where R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12.

4. The light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein when λ1 is selected from the range of 485-500 nm, 1.05≤R 22,12 ≤3.0, and wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 500-550nm, wherein 2.2≤R 22,12 ≤5, where R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12.

5. The light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R 21,11 *R 22,12 ≤5, where R 21,11 =Φ21 / Φ11, and R 22,12 =Φ22 / Φ12.

6. The light generating system (1000) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein λ1 is selected from the range of 490-530 nm; wherein during the first time period t1, the system light (1001) has a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2000-6500 K and a color point within 15 standard deviations of a color match to the black body locus.

7. The light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system light (1001) has a variable melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance value E v,mel D65 , where the variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E of the system light (1001) during the second time period t2 is v,mel D65 equal to or greater than the variable melanopsin equivalent daylight illuminance value E during the first time period t1 v,mel D65 .

8. The light generating system (1000) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein t2 is selected from the range of 1-15 minutes; wherein t1 is at least 1 hour, and wherein t3 is selected from the range of 0-60 minutes; and wherein t1>t3.

9. The light generating system (1000) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a control system (300), which is configured to control the system light (1001) depending on one or more of an input signal of a user interface, a sensor signal and a timer.

10. The light generating system (1000) according to claim 9, wherein the sensor (310) is at least configured to generate a sensor signal depending on a parameter related to a behavior of a person.

11. A light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first light generating device (110) and the second light generating device (120) are configured in different spaces; wherein the first light generating device (110) is configured to generate cold white light (1001) having a radiant flux Φ11 within a first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ12 within a second wavelength range during a first time period t1; and wherein the second light generating device (120) is configured to generate warm white light (1001) having a radiant flux Φ21 within the first wavelength range and a radiant flux Φ22 within the second wavelength range during a second time period t2.

12. A light generating system (1000) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first light generating device (110) and / or the second light generating device (120) comprises a lighting device (1200) selected from the group of a lamp (1), an illuminator (2), a projector device (3) and an optical communication device.

Images