A multifunctional fertilizer and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention provides a multifunctional fertilizer and its preparation method, belonging to the field of fertilizer production technology. The multifunctional fertilizer provided by this invention comprises: 10-30% A component, 20-40% B component, 30-50% C component, 1-2% Span-80, 4-5% Tween-80, 1-2% silica, 1-3% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.01-0.15% xanthan gum, 0.03-0.05% Kathon, 0.004-0.006% defoamer, and the balance being deionized water; wherein component A includes: peat moss, functional substances, calcium acetate, and alkyl glycosides; component B includes: active bacterial strains and adjuvants; and component C includes: vitamin E, methylated soybean oil, isocyanate, fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution, EO-PO block polyether, polyvinyl alcohol solution, ethylene glycol, and formaldehyde. This invention achieves controllability of the generation conditions for the pore size and pore density of microcapsules by adjusting the formulation and preparation process, and ultimately realizes the controllable release of the core material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer production technology, specifically to a multifunctional fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Fertilizer utilization is typically low during plant cultivation. Large amounts of fertilizer are not effectively utilized by plants in the current season or are largely lost, leading to resource waste and serious pollution problems such as soil compaction and eutrophication of water bodies. Furthermore, due to limitations in raw material solubility, existing water-soluble fertilizers have low effective ingredient content. Moreover, when the solubility of raw materials approaches its upper limit, water-soluble fertilizers are prone to crystallization during temperature fluctuations, reducing product efficacy. Therefore, developing fertilizers with high effective ingredient content and improving fertilizer utilization is of great significance to my country's economic development.

[0003] Microencapsulation technology refers to a technique that uses physical, chemical, or physicochemical methods to encapsulate solid, liquid, or gaseous core materials within membrane materials. Due to the isolating effect of the membrane material (shell), direct contact between the core material and the external environment can be effectively avoided, reducing the impact of external environmental conditions (such as light, temperature, pH, oxygen, and solvents) on the core material, thereby improving the stability of the core material. Simultaneously, the presence of the shell endows the microcapsules with controlled release and extended duration of effect. Depending on the specific application, the particle size of the microcapsules ranges from nanometers to micrometers, with common shapes being spherical or near-spherical, although a small number of irregular shapes also exist.

[0004] Chinese invention patent application number 201810562516.3 discloses a tobacco-specific fertilizer and its preparation method. The tobacco-specific organic fertilizer, by weight percentage, comprises: 60%-70% well-rotted organic material and 30%-40% inorganic fertilizer. The well-rotted organic material is fermented from 40%-50% dried mushroom residue, 25%-33% dried pig manure, 8%-17% dried straw, 9%-18% dried oilseed cake, 0.2%-0.5% fermentation agent, and 0.18%-1.05% monoammonium phosphate. The inorganic fertilizer, by weight percentage, comprises: 5%-8% monoammonium phosphate, 13%-17% potassium nitrate, and 12%-15% potassium sulfate. Although this patent promotes tobacco plant growth and improves tobacco leaf quality, it lacks slow-release properties, resulting in low utilization of the effective components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a multifunctional fertilizer, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 10-30% of component A, 20-40% of component B, 30-50% of component C, 1-2% of Span-80, 4-5% of Tween-80, 1-2% of silica, 1-3% of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.01-0.15% of xanthan gum, 0.03-0.05% of Kathon, 0.004-0.006% of defoamer, and the balance of deionized water;

[0006] Preferably, the multifunctional fertilizer comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: 20% of component A, 30% of component B, 40% of component C, 1.5% of Span-80, 4.5% of Tween-80, 1% of silica, 2% of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.05% of xanthan gum, 0.04% of Kathon, 0.005% of defoamer, and the balance being deionized water.

[0007] Material A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts peat moss, 0.5-1 part functional substance, 2-4 parts calcium acetate, and 1-2 parts alkyl glycoside;

[0008] Material B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-0.5 parts of active bacterial strain and 2-4 parts of adjuvant.

[0009] The C component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts vitamin E, 1-2 parts methylated soybean oil, 0.5-1.5 parts isocyanate, 1-2 parts fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution, 3-5 parts EO-PO block polyether, 0.5-0.7 parts polyvinyl alcohol solution, 2-4 parts ethylene glycol, and 0.2-0.5 parts formaldehyde.

[0010] Preferably, the fatty alcohol ether phosphate is of type MOA-3P and is purchased from Nantong Jiuzhe Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0011] Preferably, the molar ratio of repeating EO (ethylene oxide) units to repeating PO (propylene oxide) units in the EO-PO block polyether is 5:95 to 25:75, and the number average molecular weight is 6000-8000.

[0012] Preferably, the peat moss can also be replaced with mineral-derived potassium humate or biochemical potassium humate.

[0013] Preferably, the functional substances mainly play a role in enhancing crop stress resistance, including at least one of Penicillium wansi extract, Penicillium erythropoiesis extract, and Sargassum extract.

[0014] Preferably, the active bacterial strains mainly play a role in preventing soil-borne diseases and nematodes, including at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, and Paecilomyces lilacinus.

[0015] Preferably, the additives include at least one of gum arabic solution, gelatin solution, dispersant, and lignin sulfonate.

[0016] Preferably, the concentration of the gum arabic solution is 10% to 50%, and more preferably, the concentration of the gum arabic solution is 10%.

[0017] Preferably, the concentration of the gelatin solution is 20% to 70%, and more preferably, the concentration of the gelatin solution is 60%.

[0018] Preferably, the isocyanate is toluene diisocyanate.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration of the fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution is 10% to 30%, and more preferably, the concentration of the fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution is 20%.

[0020] Preferably, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 5% to 10%, and more preferably, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 8%.

[0021] Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol has an average molecular weight of 6000.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the multifunctional fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Preparation of material A: After crushing the peat and functional substances separately according to the proportion, add them into the reaction vessel in batches and stir until fully dispersed. Then add calcium acetate dropwise. After the addition is complete, add alkyl glycosides and adjust the pH to 6-7.

[0024] (2) Preparation of B material: Add the active strains into the reaction vessel according to the proportion, add water until fully wetted, disperse evenly, add the auxiliary agent, stir evenly, and adjust the pH to 6-7.

[0025] (3) Preparation of C material: Dissolve vitamin E in methyl esterified soybean oil according to the proportion. After complete dissolution, add isocyanate and stir thoroughly to form a homogeneous solution. Then pour it into fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution and perform shear emulsification to obtain O / W emulsion. While stirring, slowly add formaldehyde, continue stirring, and heat to 50-70℃. Keep it warm and cure for 20-40 minutes. Then add polyvinyl alcohol solution, EO-PO block polyether and ethylene glycol according to the proportion.

[0026] (4) Mix materials A, B and C in proportion, then add Span-80, Tween-80, silica, magnesium aluminum silicate, xanthan gum, defoamer, Kathon and deionized water, stir well to make a multifunctional fertilizer.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation process of material B in step (2) includes the following steps: adding Bacillus subtilis amyloliquefaciens to the reaction vessel in proportion, adding water until fully moistened, dispersing evenly, adding gum arabic solution, heating to 50-70℃, keeping warm and curing for 20-40 minutes, adding gelatin solution dropwise under high pressure, adding dispersant after the dropwise addition is complete, stirring evenly, adjusting pH to 6-7, and it is ready.

[0028] Preferably, both steps (1) and (2) control the system viscosity within the range of ≤200 mPa·s.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention rationally selects the complex coagulation process and the interfacial polymerization encapsulation process based on the different properties of materials. It utilizes different encapsulation materials to separately or in multiple layers encapsulate nutrients, functional substances, and active bacterial strains. Because the encapsulation process is carried out layer by layer, effective isolation of different functional substances within the same product is achieved through multiple encapsulation layers. The rate of degradation and release of the encapsulated substances is controllable depending on the number of encapsulation layers. This is beneficial for maintaining the activity of the bacterial strains. Furthermore, through multiple encapsulations, the release of relevant active ingredients at different crop growth stages is achieved, allowing for precise release of nutrients and functional substances tailored to the specific needs of different crop growth stages. This represents a technological innovation in existing fertilizer products.

[0031] This invention achieves controllability of the generation conditions for the pore size and pore density of microcapsules by adjusting the formulation and preparation process, and ultimately realizes the controllable release of the core material.

[0032] The microcapsule premix prepared by this invention possesses the characteristics of triggered microcapsules and porous microcapsules. For example, the gel-based capsule shell will not release nutrients when soil moisture conditions are good. When the soil moisture content drops to less than 20%, the gel-based capsule shell will naturally rupture. After irrigation, the encapsulated material inside can be released into the soil periphery. Crops that receive timely water replenishment after drought stress can recover quickly from the stress under the action of stress-resistance functional substances. This allows the stress-resistance functional substances to be released more rationally according to changes in field natural conditions when the crop needs them and the environment improves. This greatly reduces the degradation and performance decline of effective functional substances in the natural environment, significantly prolongs fertilizer effect, reduces field fertilization operations, and saves labor and time. Rational controlled release according to the crop growth stage improves fertilizer utilization. This invention also solves the difficulty of preventing mixing in the field and is less prone to crystallization and deterioration. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods or experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and additives are obtained from conventional commercial sources or prepared by conventional methods.

[0035] The fatty alcohol ether phosphate described in the following examples is of type MOA-3P, purchased from Nantong Jiuzhe Chemical Co., Ltd.; the molar ratio of repeating units of EO (ethylene oxide) to repeating units of PO (propylene oxide) in the EO-PO block polyether is 5:95, and the number average molecular weight is 6000.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The specific steps of a method for preparing a multifunctional fertilizer are as follows:

[0038] (1) Preparation of Material A: Add 10 kg of crushed peat moss, 1 kg of *Penicillium wani* extract, and 150 kg of *Sargassum fusiforme* extract to a reactor containing 700 kg of deionized water. Stir until fully dispersed. Heat the reactor to 60°C and increase the speed of the high-speed shear machine to 3000 r / min. Begin adding calcium acetate dropwise. Control the dropwise rate of calcium acetate according to the viscosity increase of the material. Continue adding calcium acetate until all 40 kg of calcium acetate has been added without significant lumps or insoluble matter. Then add 10 kg of alkyl glycoside and adjust the pH of the system to 6-7. Control the viscosity of the system to ≤200 mPa·s. Add water to bring the remaining volume to 1 kg. If not used immediately, a suitable amount of preservative can be added. The finished product is ready for use.

[0039] (2) Preparation of Material B: Add 50 kg of Bacillus subtilis (amylopectin) to a reactor containing 100 kg of deionized water, stir until the material is fully wetted, disperse using a high-pressure homogenizer, then add 500 kg of 10% gum arabic solution. Heat the reactor to 60°C, and under 0.8 MPa high-pressure homogenization conditions, add 59 kg of 60% gelatin solution dropwise. Adjust the dropwise rate of the gelatin solution according to the viscosity increase of the material. After the dropwise addition is complete, add 20 kg of dispersant NNO (sodium methylene bis(naphthalene) sulfonate), cool to room temperature, adjust the pH to 6-7, and control the system viscosity to ≤200 mPa·s. Add deionized water to bring the remaining volume to 1 kg. If not used immediately, a suitable amount of preservative can be added. The finished product is ready for use.

[0040] (3) Preparation of C material: Dissolve 15 kg of vitamin E in 20 kg of methylated soybean oil, then add 15 kg of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), stir thoroughly to form a homogeneous solution, then pour it into an aqueous phase containing 20 kg of fatty alcohol ether phosphate, the amount of water used is 500 kg, shear emulsify to obtain O / W emulsion, while stirring slowly add 5 kg of formaldehyde, during which shear state is maintained, gradually raise the temperature to 70℃, keep it warm and solidify for 30 min, after the reaction is complete, change to 300 r / min stirring, and keep it warm for 1 h for solidification, then add 50 kg of 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PEG6000) solution, 50 kg of EO-PO block polyether, and 40 kg of ethylene glycol to form a vitamin E microcapsule suspension product for use;

[0041] (4) Add 200kg of material A, 300kg of material B, and 400kg of material C into the reactor and mix them evenly. Add 15kg of Span-80, 45kg of Tween-80, 10kg of silica, 20kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 500g of xanthan gum, and 400g of Kathon. Make up the remaining amount with water to 1KL. Add defoamer appropriately during the stirring process to suppress foam and facilitate filling operation.

[0042] The key points for product quality control in Example 1 are shown in Table 1:

[0043] Table 1 Key Points of Product Quality Control in Example 1

[0044] project Indicator range Measured value Water-insoluble matter content; g / L ＜5 0.2 pH value (1:250 dilution) 3.0～6.0 5.6 Viscosity (200 mPa·s) 300～500 240

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] Commercially available fertilizers: Brand 100g / L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (product of Sinochem Syngenta Group)

[0047] Using indoor potted seedling cultivation, a comparative experiment on the bioassay efficacy of the product in Example 1 and a component determination experiment at the mature plant stage were conducted. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Experimental methods: Transplanted seedlings with uniform growth were selected. Following the strawberry agronomic trait survey and measurement methods, plant height, stem diameter, and above-ground fresh weight were measured 30 days after transplanting. Fruit quantity, weight, color change rate, vitamin C content, and reducing sugar content were measured 90 days later.

[0049] Table 2 shows the comparison results of bioassay efficacy and component determination results at the mature plant stage between the products of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Biological testing showed that the plants treated in Example 1 had superior plant height, stem diameter, and above-ground fresh weight compared to commercially available products of the same type, demonstrating that the product of Example 1 has a significant growth-promoting effect. Component analysis at the mature plant stage showed that the number of fruits, average single fruit weight, color change rate, vitamin C content, and soluble sugar content of the plants treated in Example 1 were all superior to commercially available products of the same type, indicating that this invention can not only significantly improve the vegetative growth status of crops in the early stages, but also improve fruit yield and quality when used throughout the entire growth period.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The specific steps of a method for preparing a multifunctional fertilizer are as follows:

[0055] (1) Preparation of Material A: Add 50 kg of potassium humate, 25 kg of potassium fulvate, 2 kg of Penicillium rubrum extract, and 150 kg of Sargassum extract to a reactor containing 500 kg of deionized water. Stir until fully dispersed. Heat the reactor to 60°C and increase the speed of the high-speed shear press to 3000 r / min. Begin adding calcium acetate dropwise. Control the dropwise rate of calcium acetate according to the viscosity increase of the material. Continue adding calcium acetate until all 40 kg of calcium acetate has been added without significant lumps or insoluble matter. Then add 10 kg of alkyl glycoside and adjust the pH of the system to 6-7. Control the viscosity of the system to ≤200 mPa·s. Add water to bring the remaining volume to 1 kg. If not used immediately, a suitable amount of preservative can be added. The finished product is ready for use.

[0056] (2) Preparation of Material B: Add 50 kg of *Paecilomyces lilacinus* dormant spore powder to a reactor containing 100 kg of deionized water, stir until the material is fully wetted, disperse using a high-pressure homogenizer, then add 300 kg of 10% gum arabic solution. Heat the reactor to 60°C, and under 0.8 MPa high-pressure homogenization conditions, add 39 kg of 60% gelatin solution dropwise. Adjust the dropwise rate of the gelatin solution according to the viscosity increase process of the material. After the dropwise addition is complete, add 15 kg of dispersant NNO (sodium methylene bis(naphthalene) sulfonate), cool to room temperature, adjust the pH to 6-7, control the system viscosity to ≤200 mPa·s, and replenish the remaining volume with deionized water to 1 kg. If not used immediately, an appropriate amount of preservative can be added. The finished product is ready for use.

[0057] (3) Preparation of C material: Dissolve 7.5 kg of vitamin E in 20 kg of methylated soybean oil, then add 15 kg of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), stir thoroughly to form a homogeneous solution, then pour it into an aqueous phase containing 20 kg of fatty alcohol ether phosphate, the amount of water used is 500 kg, shear emulsify to obtain O / W emulsion, while stirring slowly add 5 kg of formaldehyde, during which shear state is maintained, gradually raise the temperature to 70℃, keep it warm and solidify for 30 min, after the reaction is complete, change to 300 r / min stirring, and keep it warm for 1 h for solidification, then add 50 kg of 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PEG6000) solution, 50 kg of EO-PO block polyether, and 40 kg of ethylene glycol to form a vitamin E microcapsule suspension product for use;

[0058] (4) Add 200kg of material A, 300kg of material B, and 400kg of material C into the reactor and mix them evenly. Add 15kg of Span-80, 45kg of Tween-80, 10kg of silica, 20kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 500g of xanthan gum, and 400g of Kathon. Make up the remaining amount with water to 1KL. Add defoamer appropriately during the stirring process to suppress foam and facilitate filling operation.

[0059] The key points for product quality control in Example 2 are shown in Table 3:

[0060] Table 3 Key Points of Product Quality Control in Example 2

[0061] project Indicator range Measured value Humic acid content; g / L 30±3 30.5 Water-insoluble matter content; g / L ＜5 1.2 pH value (1:250 dilution) 3.0～6.0 8.2 Viscosity (200 mPa·s) 300～500 310

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] Commercially available fertilizers: Brand 30g / L humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (product of Sinochem Syngenta Group)

[0064] Large-scale field trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of the product in Example 2 with that of similar commercially available products and to determine the components at the mature plant stage. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0065] Experimental methods: Cucumbers were grown in a greenhouse with uniform water and fertilizer management. The previous crop of this plot was tomatoes, and root-knot nematode infestation was severe. One irrigation fertilization was carried out during the flowering period of the first cucumber crop, and another irrigation fertilization was carried out after fruiting. Fifteen days after the two applications, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of above-ground parts, root knot index, and nematode population reduction rate were measured by random sampling at 5 points.

[0066] Table 4 shows the comparison results of bioassay efficacy and component determination results at the mature plant stage between the products of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.

[0067]

[0068] Biological testing showed that the plant height, stem diameter, and above-ground fresh weight of the plants treated in Example 2 were superior to those of commercially available products of the same type, demonstrating that the product of Example 2 has a better growth-promoting effect than Comparative Example 2. Measurements of the root knot index and nematode population reduction rate showed that the root knot index of the treatment in Example 2 was very low, and the further measured nematode population reduction rate was also significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2. This indicates that the present invention can not only significantly improve the growth status of crops in the early stages, but also play a role in the control of root-knot nematodes with continuous use.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional fertilizer, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it includes the following components: A component 10-30%, B component 20-40%, C component 30-50%, Span-80 1-2%, Tween-80 4-5%, silica 1-2%, magnesium aluminum silicate 1-3%, xanthan gum 0.01-0.15%, Kathon 0.03-0.05%, defoamer 0.004-0.006%, and deionized water balance. Material A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts peat moss, 0.5-1 parts functional substance, 2-4 parts calcium acetate, and 1-2 parts alkyl glycoside; Material B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-0.5 parts of active bacterial strain and 2-4 parts of adjuvant. Material C comprises the following components in parts by weight: Vitamin E 0.5-1.5 parts, methylated soybean oil 1-2 parts, isocyanate 0.5-1.5 parts, fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution 1-2 parts, EO-PO block polyether 3-5 parts, polyvinyl alcohol solution 0.5-0.7 parts, ethylene glycol 2-4 parts, and formaldehyde 0.2-0.5 parts; The functional substance includes at least one of Penicillium wansi extract, Penicillium erythropoiesis extract, and Sargassum extract. Preparation of Material A: Peat moss and functional substances are crushed separately according to the proportion, and then added to the reaction vessel in batches. The mixture is stirred until fully dispersed, and then calcium acetate is added dropwise. After the addition is complete, alkyl glycosides are added, and the pH is adjusted to 6-7. The preparation process of material B The steps include: adding the active bacterial strain into the reaction vessel according to the ratio, adding deionized water until fully wetted, dispersing evenly, adding gum arabic solution, heating to 60℃, keeping warm and curing for 20-40 minutes, adding gelatin solution dropwise under high pressure, adding dispersant after the dropwise addition is complete, stirring evenly, adjusting the pH to 6-7, and it is ready; Preparation of the C material: Dissolve vitamin E in methylated soybean oil according to the ratio. After complete dissolution, add isocyanate and stir thoroughly to form a homogeneous solution. Then pour it into a fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution and perform shear emulsification to obtain an O / W emulsion. While stirring, slowly add formaldehyde, continue stirring, and raise the temperature to 50-70℃. Keep it warm and cure for 20-40 minutes. Then add polyvinyl alcohol solution, EO-PO block polyether and ethylene glycol according to the ratio. The active bacterial strain includes at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. The additives include at least one of gum arabic solution, gelatin solution, dispersant, and lignin sulfonate.

2. The multifunctional fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peat moss was replaced with biochemical potassium humate.

3. The multifunctional fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the gum arabic solution is 10% to 50%, and the concentration of the gelatin solution is 20% to 70%.

4. The multifunctional fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the fatty alcohol ether phosphate solution is 10%–30%, and the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 5%–10%.

5. The method for preparing the multifunctional fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix components A, B, and C in the specified proportions, then add Span-80, Tween-80, silica, magnesium aluminum silicate, xanthan gum, defoamer, Kathon, and deionized water. Stir well to obtain a multifunctional fertilizer.

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