A method and system for identifying near-infrared mineral rocks based on a microwave heat source

Abstract

The application provides a near-infrared rock identification method based on a microwave heat source, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1, a microwave irradiation end of a microwave generator is close to a metal ore face to be excavated, and the face is heated by microwave irradiation; S2, the temperature of the face is monitored in real time by an infrared thermometer monitoring system, and the change relationship between the temperature of the face and time under microwave irradiation is recorded; S3, the corresponding metal ore grade of the monitoring area is obtained by comparison and matching of a decision library; and S4, the distribution of ores and surrounding rocks of the face is analyzed in combination with the comparison and matching result in step S3, and a rock boundary line of the face is generated. Through microwave irradiation temperature testing of ores with different metal grades in a certain deposit in a laboratory in advance, the metal grade of the rock surface in each block section can be obtained through matching, and the rock boundary line of the working face is effectively identified, thereby providing a basic condition for subsequent separation and transportation of the mining waste rock by the roadheader.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of non-explosive mining, and particularly relates to a near-infrared ore rock identification method and system based on a microwave heat source. BACKGROUND

[0002] Unlike coal deposits, there is no obvious boundary between ores and surrounding rocks in metal deposits. According to the Technical Requirements for Industrial Index Demonstration of Deposits (DZ / T 0339-2020), the boundary grade after comprehensive analysis and demonstration is generally used as the judgment standard. The grade above is ore, and the grade below is waste rock. The actual working conditions of mines are different, and the boundary grade value also has certain differences. At the same time, the ores and waste rocks of some metal deposits are difficult to effectively distinguish with the naked eye, and it is necessary to use advanced drilling and testing means to determine the boundary of the ore body, which increases the difficulty of on-site operation of the mine and affects the mining efficiency.

[0003] In recent years, especially when mining ore bodies with many branches and complex ore bodies, in order to avoid the problem of serious ore and waste rock mixed mining caused by drilling and blasting method, non-explosive mining methods such as microwave-assisted mechanical tunneling are gradually expanding into the field of metal mines. By controlling the tunneling direction, the mixing of waste rock can be reduced to a certain extent. However, there is still a lack of rapid and effective identification method for ore and waste rock, and the existing tunneling equipment cannot separate the mined ore and waste rock on site, which leads to the mixing of waste rock when tunneling in the working face with ore, increasing the subsequent transportation cost and beneficiation cost.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a rapid ore rock identification method for metal deposit mining working face, and to develop a tunneling equipment that can separate ore and waste rock on site, so as to reduce the mixing rate and dilution rate of waste rock during non-explosive continuous mining. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a near-infrared ore rock identification method and system based on a microwave heat source.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] A near-infrared ore rock identification method based on a microwave heat source, comprising:

[0008] Step S1, the microwave irradiation end of the microwave generator is close to the metal mine tunnel face to be tunneled, and the tunnel face is warmed up by microwave irradiation;

[0009] Step S2, the temperature of the tunnel face is monitored in real time by the infrared temperature measurement instrument monitoring system, and the relationship between the temperature of the tunnel face and time under microwave irradiation is recorded;

[0010] Step S3, inputting the temperature change of the working face with time into the decision base, and obtaining the corresponding metal ore grade of the monitoring area through comparison and matching of the decision base;

[0011] Step S4, determining whether each block section is ore according to the division index of the metal ore industrial grade and the comparison and matching result in step S3, and further generating the ore-rock boundary line of the working face.

[0012] Preferably, the working face is divided into a plurality of 10cm*10cm square block sections, and the temperature change data is collected for each block section as a collection unit, and the metal grade of each block section is determined according to the temperature change with time, so as to identify the ore-rock boundary line of the working face.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature change rule of each block section under microwave irradiation is analyzed and compared and matched with the data in the decision base to back-calculate the metal grade of the ore in each block section.

[0014] Preferably, the ore grade boundary line is determined based on the metal grade of each block section, and the ore-rock boundary line corresponding to the working face is formed for the tunneling machine operator to distinguish on site.

[0015] Preferably, the data stored in the decision base includes the microwave heat source change rule of different metal grade ores, which is compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer to determine the ore-rock boundary line of the working face.

[0016] A near-infrared ore-rock identification system based on microwave heat source, comprising:

[0017] A microwave generator for generating microwaves to warm up the working face by microwave irradiation;

[0018] An infrared thermometer for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the microwave irradiation area of the working face;

[0019] A control center corresponding to the infrared thermometer, obtaining the temperature change of the monitoring area with time under microwave irradiation, and comparing and matching the temperature change of the monitoring area with time with the decision base to obtain the corresponding metal ore grade, determining whether the monitoring area is ore according to the metal ore boundary grade, and further analyzing the distribution of ore and surrounding rock of the working face to generate the ore-rock boundary line of the working face;

[0020] A tunneling module for tunneling the working face in combination with the ore-rock boundary line.

[0021] Preferably, the data stored in the decision base includes the microwave heat source change rule of a plurality of metal ore grades, which is compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer to determine the ore-rock boundary line of the working face.

[0022] Preferably, the identification system further comprises a display connected to the control center to display the shape of the working face and its ore-rock boundary.

[0023] Preferably, the tunneling module is connected to the tunneling machine through a mechanical arm, the tunneling machine comprises a traveling track and a shovel loader, the shovel loader is located below the mechanical arm, the shovel loader has a front downward inclined shovel plane, and two rollers are arranged on the shovel plane.

[0024] A conveying passage is arranged in the middle of the shovel plane and extends to the tail of the shovel loader, a switch plate is arranged at the tail of the shovel loader, the switch plate switches between an ore chute and a waste rock chute, the ore chute is connected to a rear ore belt conveyor, and the waste rock chute extends downward to the side of the tunneling machine.

[0025] Beneficial effects: the microwave sensitivity is closely related to the metal grade, the higher the metal mineral composition, the lower the microwave sensitivity, and the slower the temperature rising speed. Through the temperature test of microwave irradiation on different metal grade ores in the laboratory, the microwave heat source temperature rising law of different metal grade ores is obtained to form a decision library. The temperature change of the microwave irradiated rock surface is recorded in units of 10cm*10cm square block segments, and compared with the data stored in the decision library, the metal grade of each block segment can be obtained, and the ore-rock boundary of the working face can be effectively identified, thereby providing a basic condition for the subsequent in-situ separation of the tunneling machine ore and waste rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings accompanying the specification of this application serve to provide further understanding of the present application, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the description thereof serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. Among them:

[0027] Fig. 1 The structure diagram of the ore-rock identification system in the specific embodiment provided by the present application is shown.

[0028] Fig. 2 The schematic diagram of the ore-rock boundary of the working face in the specific embodiment provided by the present application is shown.

[0029] In the figure: 1, microwave irradiation end; 2, control center; 3, infrared thermometer; 4, display; 5, tunneling machine; 6, traveling track; 7, switch plate; 8, ore chute; 9, waste rock chute; 10, working face; 11, shovel plane; 101, ore; 102, ore-rock boundary; 103, waste rock. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] In the description of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and are not required to be the specific orientations and operations of the present application, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. The terms "connected", "connected" used in the present application should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through intermediate components, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms according to specific circumstances.

[0032] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] As shown in Figs. 1-2 A microwave heat source-based near-infrared mineral rock identification method, based on microwave-assisted mechanical rock breaking mining technology, adds an infrared temperature measuring instrument 3 in the microwave probe, and monitors the temperature change of the mineral rock surface in real time. Since the microwave sensitivity is closely related to the mineral composition, generally speaking, the higher the metal mineral composition, the lower the microwave sensitivity, and the slower the temperature rising speed. Therefore, different metal ore grades have different temperature change curves. In view of this, the specific identification method of the present application comprises the following steps: step S1, starting the microwave generator, the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves, the microwave generator has a microwave irradiation end 1, the microwave irradiation end 1 of the microwave generator is close to the metal mine face to be excavated, and the face 10 is warmed up by microwave irradiation.

[0034] Step S2, an infrared temperature measuring instrument 3 is arranged close to the microwave irradiation lamp, the infrared temperature measuring instrument 3 is started synchronously with the microwave generator, and the temperature change of the face 10 is monitored in real time through the infrared temperature measuring instrument 3, and the corresponding temperature change relationship of the face 10 with time under microwave irradiation is obtained.

[0035] Step S3, analyze the temperature change rule of each block segment under microwave irradiation, input the temperature change relationship of the working face 10 with time into the decision library, and compare and match with the data in the decision library to back calculate the ore metal grade in each block segment, distinguish waste rock 103 and ore 101 based on the ore metal grade, and quickly calculate the mineral composition on the rock surface by means of the temperature change rule generated by microwave irradiation. Compared with the prior art, it is more intuitive, faster in analysis efficiency, and less disturbed. Compared with image recognition, the present application is less affected by light and dust and has higher scanning accuracy; compared with the existing XRF mineral analysis technology, the present application does not need to be close to the surface of the ore 101, and is more suitable for underground dynamic operation conditions.

[0036] Step S4, combine the comparison and matching results in step S3 to analyze the rock metal grade of the working face 10, thereby generating the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the working face 10, and combining the industrial grade index of the ore 101 marked by the mine, the ore and waste rock 103 are distinguished in the working face, which is provided for the operator of the roadheader 5 to distinguish on site, so as to classify the mined ore according to the metal ore grade, which can effectively reduce the mixing rate and dilution rate of the ore 101, and reduce the transportation cost of waste rock 103 and the cost of waste rejection in mineral processing.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the working face 10 is divided into square block segments, and each block segment is independently irradiated and heated and excavated. In order to effectively identify the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the working face, and provide basic conditions for subsequent separation and transportation of the ore and waste rock 103 of the roadheader 5, the temperature change data of each block segment as a collection unit is collected, and the temperature record is transmitted to the ore-rock control center 2. The control center 2 has a data storage unit, and the data in the data storage unit is first analyzed by indoor test to analyze the microwave heat source change rule of different metal ore grades. The temperature change of the microwave irradiated rock surface is recorded in the field with 10cm*10cm square block segments as a unit, the rock metal grade of each block segment is determined according to the monitored temperature change relationship with time, and the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the working face 10 is identified according to the test results of each block segment, so that the type of the ore in the working face 10 during excavation in different regions can be determined, and the ore 101 and waste rock 103 are distinguished.

[0038] The temperature change rule of each block segment under microwave irradiation is analyzed, and the data in the decision library is compared and matched. The decision library is a storage module of the control center 2, and the control center 2 is a PC terminal. By comparison, the metal grade of the ore in each block segment is back calculated.

[0039] The data stored in the decision base includes the change rule of the microwave heat source of different metal ore grades. Existing tests show that the microwave sensitivity of rock is closely related to the mineral composition. Generally speaking, the higher the metal mineral composition, the lower the microwave sensitivity, and the slower the temperature rise speed. The lower the metal mineral composition, the higher the microwave sensitivity, and the faster the temperature rise speed. Therefore, the rock type can be deduced according to the temperature change of each block, and the metal grade of each block of rock can be determined according to the change relationship between the temperature and the time, so as to compare the temperature data of the infrared temperature detector, and determine the rock-ore boundary line 102 of the working face 10.

[0040] The infrared temperature detector 3 is used to detect the surface temperature of the microwave irradiated rock in real time, the rock grade boundary line is determined based on the metal grade of each block of rock, the rock-ore boundary line 102 corresponding to the working face 10 is formed, and the rock-ore boundary line 102 is used for the operator of the roadheader 5 to distinguish on site, so as to master the distribution of the rock 101 of the working face 10, accurately locate the priority excavation area, and facilitate the in-situ separation of the mined rock and waste rock 103, thereby reducing the mixing rate of the waste rock 103. After multiple excavations in the excavation direction of the working face 10, generally 5-10 times are recommended, the working face 10 is divided and irradiated in all directions, so as to meet the judgment of the metal ore grade of the current working face 10, and ensure the accuracy of the excavation.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, the microwave irradiation lamp device is used to irradiate the rock surface at a close distance, so that the rock is quickly heated and expanded to produce cracks, thereby reducing the strength of the rock, improving the crushing efficiency, and reducing the cost. The microwave assisted rock breaking makes the size of the rock 101 smaller, and can further reduce the dilution rate of the rock 101.

[0042] Specifically, a high-speed camera is used to collect the working face 10 image of the metal ore working face to be excavated. The image acquisition module can be an industrial high-definition camera. The image acquisition module data is connected to the control center 2. The image acquisition module is arranged on the mechanical arm and is located in front of the microwave irradiation end 1. The image acquisition module can move synchronously with the microwave irradiation end 1 to collect the microwave irradiation effect of the working face 10 in real time, so as to collect the working face image of the metal ore working face to be excavated. The control center 2 is arranged on the roadheader 5 to process the working face image and identify the microwave thermal crack area. The weakening degree of the rock 101 is determined by the microwave thermal crack area. The microwave generator, the mechanical arm, the image acquisition module, and the excavation module are connected to the control center 2 to control the roadheader 5 according to the microwave thermal crack area.

[0043] The binarization processing of the tunnel face image collected by the tunnel face image collection device is performed in the control center 2, so that the damage degree of the microwave irradiation of the ore rock can be accurately judged. The tunnel face image is transmitted to the control center 2 for processing to identify the microwave thermal crack area in the tunnel face image. The control center 2 monitors and identifies the cracks in the black and white image, identifies the crack density, calculates the proportion of the crack area in the tunnel face image, and controls the tunneling according to the crack area proportion, thereby reducing the tunneling difficulty.

[0044] In the embodiment, when the area proportion of the microwave thermal crack in the tunnel face region collected by the image collection device is greater than 50%, the microwave generator is turned off for tunneling.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the application further provides a microwave heat source based near-infrared ore rock identification system, which comprises a microwave generator, an infrared thermometer 3, a control center 2, and a tunneling module. The microwave generator is used to generate microwaves to heat the tunnel face by microwave irradiation. The infrared thermometer 3 monitors the temperature of the tunnel face in real time. The infrared thermometer 3 is connected to the control center 2 through a data line, so as to monitor the temperature of the microwave irradiation area and test the temperature change of the ore rock surface after microwave irradiation in real time.

[0046] The control center 2 is connected to the infrared thermometer 3, and the temperature change of the tunnel face with time is obtained. The temperature change of the tunnel face with time is compared and matched with the decision library to obtain the corresponding metal ore grade. Since the microwave irradiation heating sensitivity of different grades of ore rock is different, the heating rate of different regions can be judged according to the temperature change, and the high metal grade region can be determined after the complete tunneling of the whole tunnel face. In the subsequent tunneling, the high metal grade region is irradiated by microwaves, so as to improve the tunneling efficiency and reduce the waste rock 103 mixing rate. Thus, the ore rock boundary line 102 of the tunnel face is generated. The data stored in the decision library includes the microwave heat source change rule of different metal ore grades. The temperature data of the infrared thermometer is compared to determine the ore rock boundary line 102 of the tunnel face. The decision library data is obtained by indoor test analysis of different metal ore grades.

[0047] The microwave irradiation end 1 is connected to the mechanical arm through the telescopic rod, which can be telescoped according to the actual use, so as to be retracted during the tunneling operation of the tunneling module, thereby avoiding damage to the microwave irradiation end 1. The tunneling module can be a conventional tunneling drill bit, which is not limited here.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the identification system further comprises a display 4, which is connected to the control center 2 to display the ore-rock boundary line 102 for the operator of the tunneling machine 5 to identify on site.

[0049] The tunneling module is connected to the tunneling machine 5 through a mechanical arm, the tunneling machine 5 comprises a traveling track 6 and a shovel mechanism, the shovel mechanism is located below the mechanical arm, the driving module of the traveling track 6 and the driving motor of the sprocket are connected to the control center 2 through data lines, and the traveling track 6 can travel in the tunnel, the main structure of the tunneling machine 5 is similar to that of a excavator, the shovel mechanism is located in front of the tunneling machine 5 and extends below the mechanical arm, the main body of the shovel mechanism is shovel-shaped, the shovel mechanism has a shovel plane 11 that is downwardly inclined to the front and the bottom surface of the tunnel, and two sprockets are arranged on the shovel plane 11, the sprockets are connected to the driving motor, and a push plate is arranged outside the sprockets, the two sprockets push the broken stones to both sides, so that the ore 101 is prevented from being accumulated in front of the tunneling machine 5.

[0050] A conveying channel is arranged in the middle of the shovel plane 11 and extends to the tail of the shovel mechanism, the tail of the shovel mechanism is provided with a push piece 7, the push piece 7 is driven by a hydraulic rod or a driving motor, the hydraulic rod or the driving motor is connected to the control center 2 through data lines, and the push piece 7 is hinged to the rear of the shovel plane 11 to classify the mined ore 101 according to the metal ore grade, and the classification is achieved by switching the push piece 7 between the ore chute 8 and the waste rock chute 9, the push piece 7 can control the direction of the ore and waste rock 103 according to the metal ore grade of the current tunneling block, and the mined ore 101 enters the subsequent transportation system through a belt; wherein the ore chute 8 is connected to the ore 101 belt conveyor connected thereto, and the waste rock chute 9 is downwardly inclined, the mined waste rock 103 is thrown to the side of the equipment, and the ore and waste rock 103 are separated on site, so as to reduce the transportation cost of the waste rock 103.

[0051] The tunneling machine 5 further comprises a water cooling device, the water cooling device at least has a water pump and a cold water pipe directed to the front of the tunneling module, the water pump is connected to the control center 2 through data lines to cool and crack the irradiated and heated to-be-tunneling area, the tunneling machine 5 that uses microwave heating and cold water cooling to jointly assist in rock breaking can use thermal expansion and cold contraction to improve the breaking degree of hard rock, reduce the tunneling difficulty of the tunneling module, further reduce the wear of the mechanical cutter, and greatly improve the rock breaking efficiency; further, the temperature of the working face can be reduced, and the tunneling environment can be improved.

[0052] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application is within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for identifying a near-infrared ore rock based on a microwave heat source, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, a microwave irradiation end of a microwave generator is close to a metal ore face to be excavated, and the face is heated by microwave irradiation; Step S2, the temperature of the face is monitored in real time by an infrared temperature measuring instrument monitoring system, and the temperature change of the face with time under microwave irradiation is recorded; Step S3, the temperature change of the face with time is input into a decision library, and the corresponding metal ore grade of the monitoring area is obtained by comparison and matching in the decision library; Step S4, according to the division index of the industrial grade of metal ore, the comparison and matching result in step S3 is combined to determine whether each block section is ore, and then a mineral rock boundary line of the face is generated; the face is divided into a plurality of 10cm×10cm square block sections, temperature change data of each block section is collected as a collection unit, the metal grade of each block section is determined according to the temperature change with time, and thus the mineral rock boundary line of the face is identified; the temperature change rule of each block section under microwave irradiation is analyzed, and is compared and matched with the data in the decision library to inversely deduce the metal grade of the ore in each block section; The data stored in the decision library includes the microwave heat source change rule of ore with different metal grades, which is compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared temperature measuring instrument to determine the mineral rock boundary line of the face.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microwave heat source-based near-infrared mineral rock identification method is characterized by, The metal grade boundary line of the ore is determined based on the metal grade of each block section, and the mineral rock boundary line corresponding to the face is formed to provide a site for the operator of the boring machine to distinguish.

3. A near-range infrared mineral and rock identification system based on a microwave heat source, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A microwave generator is used to generate microwaves to heat the face by microwave irradiation; An infrared temperature measuring instrument is used to monitor the temperature of the irradiated area of the face in real time; A control center is connected to the infrared temperature measuring instrument, the temperature change of the monitoring area with time under microwave irradiation is obtained, the temperature change of the monitoring area with time is compared and matched with the decision library to obtain the corresponding metal ore grade, whether the monitoring area is ore is determined according to the metal ore boundary grade, the distribution of ore and surrounding rock of the face is analyzed, and thus the mineral rock boundary line of the face is generated; A boring module is used to excavate the face in combination with the mineral rock boundary line; The face is divided into a plurality of 10cm×10cm square block sections, temperature change data of each block section is collected as a collection unit, the metal grade of each block section is determined according to the temperature change with time, and thus the mineral rock boundary line of the face is identified; The temperature change rule of each block section under microwave irradiation is analyzed, and is compared and matched with the data in the decision library to inversely deduce the metal grade of the ore in each block section; The data stored in the decision library includes the microwave heat source change rule of ore with different metal grades, which is compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared temperature measuring instrument to determine the mineral rock boundary line of the face.

4. The near infrared ray-based ore rock identification system using a microwave heat source according to claim 3, characterized by The data stored in the decision library includes the microwave heat source change rule of ore with different metal grades, which is compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared temperature measuring instrument to determine the mineral rock boundary line of the face.

5. The system for identifying ore rocks using near-infrared rays based on a microwave heat source according to claim 3, characterized in that, The identification system further comprises a display corresponding to the connection control center to display the shape of the working face and its rock boundary.

6. The near infrared ray-based ore rock identification system using a microwave heat source according to claim 3, characterized by The tunneling module is connected with a tunneling machine through a mechanical arm, the tunneling machine comprises traveling tracks and a shovel loader mechanism, the shovel loader mechanism is located below the mechanical arm, the shovel loader mechanism has a front downward inclined shovel loading plane which is parallel to the roadway bottom surface, and two push wheels are arranged on the shovel loading plane; A conveying passage is arranged in the middle of the shovel loading plane and extends to the tail of the shovel loader, a push piece is arranged at the tail of the shovel loader, and the push piece is used for switching between an ore chute and a waste rock chute, wherein the ore chute is connected with a rear ore belt conveyor, and the waste rock chute extends downward and horizontally to the side of the tunneling machine.

Images