A method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as the main material

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as the main material. The ecological restoration substrate includes the following components: slag, planting soil, plant straw, a water-retaining agent, a fertilizer-retaining agent, a structural modifier, a growth promoter, and moss powder. The present invention utilizes slag as the main material to effectively convert construction waste into resources for ecological restoration, reducing environmental pollution and resource waste. Admixtures such as water-retaining agents improve the physical structure of the soil, increase soil aeration and drainage, promote the growth of moss roots, and promote ecological restoration and increased biodiversity. The formation of moss crusts can improve the local microclimate, increase soil moisture, and promote the growth of other plants. The physical properties of slag combined with moss growth can help moss survive better in drought conditions, enhance its adaptability to dry and hot environments, effectively prevent soil wind erosion, and protect soil resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, specifically to the technical field of soil conditioner manufacturing, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as a main material. Background Art

[0002] Dry and hot valleys are important ecosystems in many regions around the world, endowed with unique biodiversity and ecological functions. Bare slopes are a common geomorphological feature in dry and hot valleys. These areas are often water reservoirs, supporting the health of surrounding ecosystems. However, with the layout of the national energy strategy, the large-scale development of water conservancy and hydropower projects in dry and hot valleys has disturbed and affected these exposed slopes. The lack of vegetation on these exposed slopes makes the soil susceptible to wind and rain erosion. The huge amount of dust on the slopes poses a serious threat to the environment, causing soil loss and surface water pollution. The lack of organic matter and nutrients in the soil makes it difficult for plants to survive, forming a vicious cycle. The deterioration of the ecological environment has led to a decrease in biomass and a significant decline in biodiversity, exacerbating droughts and extreme weather events, further exacerbating the vulnerability of the ecological environment, and facing serious ecological degradation.

[0003] Currently, ecological restoration of engineering-disturbed slopes in dry and hot river valleys relies heavily on traditional vegetation restoration methods. These methods often rely on planting water-intensive plants, which are poorly adapted to dry and hot environments and have low survival rates. Many restoration methods have short-lived effects and fail to achieve long-term ecological stability. Therefore, the harmless, efficient, and resourceful utilization of engineering waste in dry and hot river valleys for the fragile ecological restoration sector is a current research priority for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0004] Combining the principles of resource utilization of hydropower project byproducts with soil and water conservation and ecological restoration, a remediation method using construction waste slag as the primary material is well-suited to the unique environmental conditions of dry and hot river valleys, providing an excellent growth substrate. Slag, as an industrial byproduct, is abundant and inexpensive. Proper processing and utilization can effectively reduce the cost of ecological restoration while simultaneously realizing waste resources. The formation of moss crusts provides a growth base for other plants, promoting biodiversity restoration. By optimizing the slag substrate and moss species, the growth rate and coverage of moss crusts can be increased, effectively resisting dust pollution caused by strong winds, shortening the restoration process and achieving long-term ecological stability. This method utilizes natural materials and bioremediation techniques, minimizing negative environmental impacts and aligning with the principles of sustainable development. It aims to provide an innovative, effective, and sustainable approach to ecological restoration in dry and hot river valleys, promoting the restoration and protection of the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys with slag as the main material. This method uses slag as the main material to effectively convert engineering waste into resources for ecological restoration, reduce environmental pollution and resource waste, and improve the physical structure of the soil through admixtures such as water-retaining agents, increase the air permeability and drainage of the soil, promote the growth of moss roots, promote ecological restoration and increase biodiversity. The formation of moss crusts can improve the local microclimate, increase soil moisture, and promote the growth of other plants. The combination of the physical properties of slag and the growth of moss can help moss survive better under drought conditions, enhance its adaptability to dry and hot environments, effectively prevent soil wind erosion, and protect soil resources.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical features, the purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: a method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as the main material, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Clean the slope: remove gravel and loose soil from the slope to ensure the slope is stable and the habitat substrate is not easy to slip;

[0008] Step 2: Hanging mesh and anchoring: Drill holes on the slope, plant anchor rods, lay hollow galvanized mesh, and use wire to tie the hollow galvanized mesh and anchor rods firmly;

[0009] Step 3: Spraying the base material: Use dry spraying to spray the ecological restoration base material on the slope surface with a spraying thickness of 40-60mm. After the ecological restoration base material is sprayed, use dry spraying to spray the ecological restoration surface base material with a spraying thickness of 10-20mm.

[0010] Step 4: Drip irrigation maintenance: After the surface base material of ecological restoration is sprayed, cover the slope with degradable non-woven fabric, connect the maintenance water pipe to the hollow water inlet of the hollow galvanized mesh, inject water for maintenance, form a drip irrigation effect, keep the slope moist, and the moss on the slope will take root and sprout in 7 to 15 days, realizing the ecological restoration of moss crust.

[0011] Preferably, in step 2, the anchor rod spacing is set to 1000~1500mm, the anchor rod implantation depth is 5000~8000mm, the anchor rod exposure height is 50~800mm, the hollow galvanized mesh is a mesh woven from galvanized pipes with a hollow diameter of 2~4mm, the mesh length and width are 20~40mm, and the galvanized pipe wall is distributed with water-permeable holes with a spacing of 100~200mm, and the water-permeable hole diameter is 1~1.5mm. Threaded threads are set at both ends of the galvanized pipe, which can be connected to an external pressurized water injection pipe or a closed screw cap.

[0012] Preferably, in the ecological restoration substrate of step three, the ecological restoration bottom substrate includes the following components in proportions by weight: 50~60 parts of slag, 20~30 parts of planting soil, 2~4 parts of plant straw, 0.8~1.6 parts of water retaining agent, 0.2~0.5 parts of fertilizer retaining agent, and 5~8 parts of structure improver, which are evenly mixed; the ecological restoration surface substrate includes the following components in proportions by weight: 50~60 parts of slag, 20~30 parts of planting soil, 1~2 parts of plant straw, 0.5~0.8 parts of growth promoter, 0.8~1.6 parts of water retaining agent, 0.1~0.3 parts of fertilizer retaining agent, and 0.5~1 parts of moss powder, which are evenly mixed.

[0013] Preferably, the slag is ore excavated during construction, which is crushed by a crusher and then screened, and the slag particle size is 1-5 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the plant straw is sun-dried stalks of wheat, corn, rice, or soybean after harvest, the moisture content of the plant straw is no more than 6%, and the straw length is 5 to 20 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the water-retaining agent is formed by uniformly mixing anionic polyacrylamide, ammonium alginate, and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1.2-2.4:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, wherein the anionic polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of 15-18 million and a solid content of not less than 90%; the ammonium alginate has a molecular weight of 50,000-200,000 Daltons and a purity of not less than 90%; the chitosan has a particle size of 50-500 microns, a molecular weight of 100,000-500,000 Daltons, and a purity of not less than 85%.

[0016] Preferably, the fertilizer retainer is an organic fertilizer retainer formed by uniformly mixing humic acid and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.8-1.2. The particle size of the fertilizer retainer is 0.1-1 mm, the molecular weight is 1000-10000 Daltons, and the purity is not less than 70%, ensuring the effectiveness of its organic components.

[0017] Preferably, the structure modifier is formed by uniformly mixing vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.8-1.2, the particle size of the structure modifier is 1-5 mm, and the purity is not less than 90%, ensuring that it has good air permeability and water permeability.

[0018] Preferably, the growth promoter is a uniform mixture of rhizobia, actinomycetes, Trichoderma, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 0.6-1.4:1.0-2.0:0.8-1.2:1.2-2.0. The rhizobia particle size is 10-100 microns and the activity is not less than 108 CFU / g; the actinomycetes particle size is 10-100 microns and the activity is not less than 107 CFU / g; the Trichoderma particle size is 10-100 microns and the activity is not less than 106 CFU / g; and the Bacillus particle size is 10-100 microns and the activity is not less than 108 CFU / g. When exposed to water, it can promote the rooting and germination of moss, improve the growth environment of moss, and promote its root development and growth.

[0019] Preferably, the moss powder is made by uniformly mixing stone moss, sparse moss and thin leaf moss in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:0.5-1, all of which are in the form of powder after air-drying and passing through a 5mm sieve, with a moisture content of no more than 6%, wherein the reference amount of stone moss is 200-400g / m 2 , moss 200~400g / m 2 , thin leaf moss 100~200g / m 2 The total amount of moss used is 500~1000g / m 2 .

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention's matrix, primarily made of construction waste slag, not only effectively utilizes resources and reduces environmental pollution, but also boasts a particle structure that improves soil aeration, promotes root growth and development, and exhibits excellent water retention properties, helping to maintain soil moisture in dry, hot environments. The slag contains a variety of minerals (such as silicon, calcium, and magnesium), which provide essential nutrients for mosses and other plants, promoting their growth and thereby enhancing the soil's ecological function. This method can continuously improve soil structure, provide nutrients, enhance plant resistance, and promote ecological restoration, resulting in significant ecological, economic, and environmental benefits, in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0022] 2. Compared with the traditional hanging mesh using flexible galvanized wire mesh, the hollow galvanized mesh can not only increase the stability of the slope substrate, effectively fix the substrate, reduce the erosion of the slope by water flow and wind, prevent soil loss and prevent the slope substrate from sliding and cracking, but also the hollow galvanized pipe of the hollow galvanized mesh can play a role of drip irrigation, which can not only accurately control the amount of water to ensure that the moss obtains the required water, but also avoid excessive water leading to insufficient strength of the substrate and slippage, or even the occurrence of slope water flow into strands and fine gully erosion, or insufficient water leading to the inability of moss to grow due to lack of water, but also directly transport water to the inside of the substrate, playing a drip irrigation effect, significantly reducing water evaporation and leakage losses, and improving water utilization efficiency.

[0023] 3. A mixture of polyacrylamide, ammonium alginate, and chitosan, as a water-retaining agent for moss crust ecological restoration in dry and hot river valleys, exhibits excellent water retention and forms hydrated colloids in the soil, significantly increasing its water-holding capacity. The combination of ammonium alginate and chitosan slowly releases water, providing a sustained moisture supply suitable for plant growth in dry and hot environments. Polyacrylamide promotes the aggregation of soil particles, forming a well-defined soil aggregate structure, improving soil structure and reducing soil erosion and wind erosion. Chitosan and ammonium alginate provide nutrients for soil microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. The increased bioactivity contributes to nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition in the soil, improving soil health. This mixture works effectively in the extreme climatic conditions of dry and hot river valleys, providing essential water support, effectively increasing soil water retention, improving soil structure, promoting plant growth, and enhancing ecosystem stability and sustainability.

[0024] 4. Rhizobia and other microorganisms in growth promoters can promote the growth of mosses, increase their biomass and coverage. Growth promoters can improve the reproductive capacity of mosses and promote their expansion in the restoration area. Rhizobia form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of mosses, enhance the absorption capacity of the roots, and further improve nutrient acquisition. Actinomycetes and Bacillus can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients for mosses to absorb, and improve their nutrient utilization efficiency. The microorganisms in growth promoters can improve the water retention capacity of the soil and help mosses survive better under drought conditions. At the same time, Trichoderma and Bacillus can inhibit the growth of pathogens, protect mosses from diseases, and improve their survival rate. Rhizobia, actinomycetes, Trichoderma and Bacillus are all natural microorganisms and will not have a negative impact on the environment.

[0025] 5. Choose a moss species made from a uniform mixture of stone moss, sparse moss, and thin-leaf moss. These mosses have strong drought resistance and can survive in dry and hot environments. They are suitable for the climatic conditions of dry and hot river valleys. The growth of mosses can promote the aggregation of soil particles, improve soil aeration and water retention, and enhance the physical properties of the soil. The growth and death of mosses will increase the organic matter content in the soil, improve soil fertility, and provide a good foundation for subsequent plant growth. Mosses can absorb and store water, slowly release water under drought conditions, help maintain soil moisture, and support plant growth. Using mosses for ecological restoration can not only quickly improve the soil's resistance to water erosion and wind erosion, inhibit dust pollution, but also reduce costs, especially in areas with scarce water resources.

[0026] 6. In summary, the present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as the main material. This method uses slag as the main material to effectively convert engineering waste into resources for ecological restoration, reducing environmental pollution and resource waste. The particle characteristics of slag can improve the physical structure of the soil, increase soil aeration and drainage, and promote the growth of plant roots. Moss crusts can provide a good matrix for subsequent plant growth, promote vegetation recovery and increase biodiversity. The formation of moss crusts can improve the local microclimate, increase soil moisture, and promote the growth of other plants. The combination of the physical properties of slag and the growth of moss can help moss survive better under drought conditions, enhance its adaptability to dry and hot environments, effectively prevent soil wind erosion, and protect soil resources. At the same time, using slag as a repair material can reduce the cost of ecological restoration, especially in resource-scarce dry and hot river valleys, reducing the negative impact on the environment and complying with the concept of sustainable development. The purpose is to provide an innovative, effective, and sustainable method for ecological restoration in dry and hot river valleys, and promote the restoration and protection of the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0028] Figure 1 These are the ecological restoration effects of the present invention after 1 day and 30 days of maintenance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This invention is based on the high slope ecological restoration test of the Benzilan Hydropower Station and the research on the degree of degradation and quality improvement technology of engineering deposited topsoil carried out in the Benzilan Hydropower Development Project on the upper reaches of the Jinsha River. A series of experimental studies have been carried out to produce the following example results.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] A method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as the main material, wherein the ecological restoration substrate is specifically composed of the following components:

[0033] Slag is ore excavated during construction. It is crushed by a crusher and then screened. The slag particle size is 1~5mm.

[0034] The planting soil is mature soil, which is taken from the planting surface soil within 800mm of the ground surface. It is sieved after being air-dried, with a particle size of 0.5~8mm and a soil moisture content of no more than 6%.

[0035] Plant straw refers to the sun-dried stems of wheat, corn, rice, and soybeans after harvest. The moisture content of the plant straw is no more than 6%, and the straw length is 5 to 20 mm.

[0036] The water-retaining agent is a uniform mixture of anionic polyacrylamide, ammonium alginate and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1.6:1.0:1.0, wherein the anionic polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of 15 million and a solid content of not less than 90%; the ammonium alginate has a molecular weight of 100,000 Daltons and a purity of not less than 90%; the chitosan has a particle size of 200 microns, a molecular weight of 200,000 Daltons and a purity of not less than 85%.

[0037] The fertilizer retainer is an organic fertilizer retainer formed by uniformly mixing humic acid and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 1.0:1.0. The particle size of the fertilizer retainer is 0.1-1 mm, the molecular weight is 5000 Daltons, and the purity is not less than 70%.

[0038] The structure improver is formed by uniformly mixing vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 1.0:1.0. The particle size of the structure improver is 1-5 mm and the purity is not less than 90%.

[0039] The growth promoter is a mixture of rhizobium, actinomycetes, trichoderma and bacillus in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:1:1.6. The particle size of the rhizobium is 10-100 microns and the activity is not less than 10 8 CFU / g; the particle size of actinomycetes is 10~100 microns, and the activity is not less than 10 7 CFU / g; the particle size of Trichoderma is 10~100 microns, and the activity is not less than 10 6 CFU / g; Bacillus particle size is 10~100 microns, and the activity is not less than 10 8 CFU / g. When in contact with water, it can promote the rooting and germination of moss, improve the growth environment of moss, and promote the development and growth of its root system.

[0040] The moss powder is made by uniformly mixing stone moss, sparse moss and thin leaf moss in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:0.75. All of them are in the form of powder after air drying and passing through a 5mm sieve, with a moisture content of no more than 6%. The reference amount of stone moss is 300g / m 2 , moss 300g / m 2 , thin leaf moss 150g / m 2 The total amount of moss used is 750g / m 2 .

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] A method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material, wherein the slope vegetation restoration specifically comprises the following implementation steps:

[0043] Step 1: Clean the slope: remove gravel and loose soil from the slope to ensure the slope is stable and the habitat substrate is not easy to slip;

[0044] Step 2: Hanging mesh and anchoring: Drill holes on the slope, plant 6000mm long anchor rods, and lay hollow galvanized mesh with a mesh length and width of 40mm. The hollow galvanized mesh is made of galvanized pipes with a hollow diameter of 4mm. The pipe wall has 100mm spacing and 1mm water-permeable holes evenly distributed. Use wire to tie the hollow galvanized mesh to the anchor rods for security;

[0045] Step 3: Spraying the base material: Use dry spraying to spray the ecological restoration base material on the slope surface with a spraying thickness of 50mm. After the ecological restoration base material is sprayed, use dry spraying to spray the ecological restoration surface base material with a spraying thickness of 10mm.

[0046] Step 4: Drip irrigation maintenance: After the surface base material of ecological restoration is sprayed, the slope is covered with degradable non-woven fabric, connected to the hollow water inlet of the hollow galvanized mesh through the maintenance water pipe, and water is pumped for maintenance to keep the slope moist. The moss on the slope will take root and sprout in 8 days, and the moss coverage will reach 90% in 30 days, achieving the ecological restoration effect of moss crust.

[0047] Example 3:

[0048] A method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as a main material, the method having the following implementation effects:

[0049] Tables 1 and 2 show the various parameter indicators of the ecological restoration base and surface substrates after application at the Benzilan Hydropower Station test base in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River in various embodiments. In the method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys provided by the present invention, using slag as the main ingredient, the mixture of polyacrylamide, ammonium alginate, and chitosan, as a water-retaining agent for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys, has excellent water retention capacity and can form a hydrated colloid in the soil, significantly improving the soil's water-holding capacity. The combination of ammonium alginate and chitosan can slowly release water, providing a long-lasting water supply suitable for plant growth in dry and hot environments. Rhizobia and other microorganisms in growth promoters can promote the growth of mosses, increase their biomass and coverage, and growth promoters can improve the reproductive capacity of mosses and promote their expansion in the restoration area. Rhizobia form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of mosses, enhance the absorption capacity of the roots, and further improve nutrient acquisition. Actinomycetes and Bacillus can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients for mosses to absorb, and improve their nutrient utilization efficiency. The microorganisms in growth promoters can improve the water retention capacity of the soil and help mosses survive better under drought conditions. At the same time, Trichoderma and Bacillus can inhibit the growth of pathogens, protect mosses from diseases, and improve their survival rate. Rhizobia, actinomycetes, Trichoderma and Bacillus are all natural microorganisms and will not have a negative impact on the environment. The moss species selected, a uniform blend of stone moss, sparse moss, and thin-leaved moss, are highly drought-tolerant and can survive in dry, hot environments, making them suitable for the climatic conditions of dry and hot river valleys. The growth of mosses can promote the aggregation of soil particles, improve soil aeration and water retention, and enhance the physical properties of the soil. The growth and death of mosses increase the organic matter content in the soil, improving soil fertility and providing a good foundation for subsequent plant growth. Mosses can absorb and store water, slowly releasing it under drought conditions, helping to maintain soil moisture and support plant growth. Using mosses for ecological restoration can not only quickly improve the soil's resistance to water and wind erosion, but also inhibit dust pollution.

[0050] Table 1 Moss coverage of the moss crust ecological restoration method in the dry and hot valley area using slag as the main material

[0051]

[0052] Table 2 Erosion modulus of moss crust ecological restoration in dry-hot valley area using slag as main material under different rainfall intensities

[0053]

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry and hot river valleys using slag as the main material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Clean the slope: remove gravel and loose soil from the slope to ensure the slope is stable and the habitat substrate is not easy to slip; Step 2: Hanging mesh and anchoring: Drill holes on the slope, plant anchor rods, lay hollow galvanized mesh, and use wire to tie the hollow galvanized mesh and anchor rods firmly; Step 3: Spraying the base material: Use dry spraying to spray the ecological restoration base material on the slope surface with a spraying thickness of 40-60mm. After the ecological restoration base material is sprayed, use dry spraying to spray the ecological restoration surface base material with a spraying thickness of 10-20mm. Step 4: Drip irrigation and maintenance: After the ecological restoration surface base material is sprayed, the slope surface is covered with biodegradable non-woven fabric. The maintenance water pipe is connected to the hollow water inlet of the hollow galvanized mesh. Water is injected for maintenance to form a drip irrigation effect to keep the slope moist. In 7-15 days, the moss on the slope will take root and sprout, achieving the ecological restoration of moss crust. In the ecological restoration substrate of step three, the ecological restoration bottom substrate includes the following components in a weight ratio: 50-60 parts of slag, 20-30 parts of planting soil, 2-4 parts of plant straw, 0.8-1.6 parts of water retaining agent, 0.2-0.5 parts of fertilizer retaining agent, and 5-8 parts of structure improver, which are evenly mixed; the ecological restoration surface substrate includes the following components in a weight ratio: 50-60 parts of slag, 20-30 parts of planting soil, 1-2 parts of plant straw, 0.5-0.8 parts of growth promoter, 0.8-1.6 parts of water retaining agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of fertilizer retaining agent, and 0.5-1 parts of moss powder, which are evenly mixed.

2. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the anchor rod spacing is set to 1000~1500mm, the anchor rod implantation depth is set to 5000~8000mm, the anchor rod exposure height is set to 50~800mm, the hollow galvanized mesh is a mesh woven from galvanized pipes with a hollow diameter of 2~4mm, the mesh length and width are 20~40mm, and the galvanized pipe wall is distributed with water-permeable holes with a spacing of 100~200mm, and the water-permeable hole diameter is 1~1.5mm. Threaded threads are set at both ends of the galvanized pipe, which can be connected to an external pressurized water injection pipe or a closed screw cap.

3. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag is ore excavated during construction, which is crushed by a stone crusher and then screened. The slag particle size is 1-5 mm.

4. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant straw is sun-dried stems of wheat, corn, rice, and soybean after harvesting, the moisture content of the plant straw is not more than 6%, and the straw length is 5-20 mm.

5. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining agent is prepared by uniformly mixing anionic polyacrylamide, ammonium alginate, and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1.2-2.4:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, wherein the anionic polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of 15-18 million and a solid content of not less than 90%; the ammonium alginate has a molecular weight of 50,000-200,000 Daltons and a purity of not less than 90%; and the chitosan has a particle size of 50-500 microns, a molecular weight of 100,000-500,000 Daltons, and a purity of not less than 85%.

6. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer retainer is an organic fertilizer retainer formed by uniformly mixing humic acid and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.8-1.

2. The particle size of the fertilizer retainer is 0.1-1 mm, the molecular weight is 1000-10000 Daltons, and the purity is not less than 70%, ensuring the effectiveness of its organic components.

7. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure improver is formed by uniformly mixing vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.8-1.

2. The particle size of the structure improver is 1-5 mm and the purity is not less than 90%, ensuring that it has good air permeability and water permeability.

8. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth promoter is formed by uniformly mixing rhizobia, actinomycetes, Trichoderma, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 0.6-1.4:1.0-2.0:0.8-1.2:1.2-2.

0. The particle size of the rhizobia is 10-100 microns, and the activity is not less than 108 CFU / g; the particle size of the actinomycetes is 10-100 microns, and the activity is not less than 107 CFU / g; the particle size of the Trichoderma is 10-100 microns, and the activity is not less than 106 CFU / g; the particle size of the Bacillus is 10-100 microns, and the activity is not less than 108 CFU / g. When in contact with water, the growth promoter can promote the rooting and germination of moss, improve the growth environment of the moss, and promote the development and growth of its root system.

9. The method for ecological restoration of moss crusts in dry-hot river valleys using slag as the main material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moss powder is made by uniformly mixing stone moss, sparse moss and thin leaf moss in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:0.5-1. All of them are in the form of powder after being air-dried and passed through a 5mm sieve, with a moisture content of no more than 6%. The reference amount of stone moss is 200-400g / m 2 , moss thinning 200~400g / m 2 , thin leaf moss 100~200g / m 2 The total amount of moss used is 500~1000g / m 2 .

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