Shearing box device matched with rock-soil body single shear test and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil mass mechanical tests, and particularly discloses a shear box device matched with a rock-soil mass single shear test and a test method. The shear box device matched with the rock-soil body single shear test comprises a stacked ring shear box module, a base, an X-direction antifriction roller pin, a single shear box base tray, a power loading module, a Y-direction antifriction roller pin, a ball head compression plate, a normal pressure head and a horizontal counter-force assembly. According to the method, a rock mass single shear function can be realized, so that rock masses and structural surface samples with different sizes can be subjected to a single shear test to research a size effect in actual engineering; friction resistance reducing roller pins are arranged at the top and the bottom of the upper shear box, so that the friction resistance of each contact part of the shear box can be reduced, and the test precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil mechanical testing, and in particular to a shear box device and a testing method for a rock and soil single shear test. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in the engineering geological environment, rock mass and soil-rock mixtures and their slopes and tunnel projects are often prone to large-scale engineering geological problems. There are a large number of joints and fissures in natural rock mass, which significantly reduce the shear resistance of rock mass, making the shear strength and rock structure stability of jointed rock mass lower than those of intact rock; soil-rock mixture is a complex geological material composed of soil and stone, which is widely used in engineering and exists in nature, with high heterogeneity, permeability and pore structure. Reasonable evaluation of the shear strength characteristics of rock mass by experimental means is the premise for stability analysis of rock mass structures. In engineering practice, the shear strength and stability of rock mass have become key factors in the stability of rock mass structures. In particular, in recent years, a large number of infrastructure construction has been carried out in the difficult mountainous areas of southwest my country, but faced with frequent geological disasters and the engineering environment of rock mass fragmentation in mountainous areas, it is of great practical significance to explore and quantify the strength and deformation characteristics of rock mass under complex seismic loads for engineering practice.

[0003] As an important means to study the shear resistance of rock and soil, the single shear test evaluates the shear strength characteristics of rock or soil-rock mixture by simulating the deformation and failure process of rock and soil under shear. Although the traditional single shear test provides important information for understanding the shear behavior of materials, it usually only considers shear loading in a single direction, which is significantly different from the stress characteristics of rock and soil in actual engineering. Under the action of earthquakes, rock and soil often bear seismic loads in different directions, that is, the same monitoring point is subjected to different stresses in different directions. This multi-directional load has a profound impact on the mechanical response and failure mode of the soil, which cannot be fully and accurately simulated by the traditional single shear test. In addition, the existing single shear test equipment faces many challenges in realizing shear tests on specimens of different sizes, including friction between the specimen and the wall of the shear box, gap problems caused by mismatched shear box sizes, collisions when the specimen moves, and uneven stress distribution during the shear process.

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing rock and soil single shear box test equipment, it is difficult to realize the single shear test with integrated test objects and three-way dynamic loading, and it is impossible to conduct a detailed study on the strength and shear characteristics of rock and soil under complex seismic loads. These problems limit the accurate evaluation of the performance of rock and soil under actual engineering conditions and affect the scientificity and safety of engineering design. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, it is particularly urgent to develop a rock and soil single shear test supporting shear box device and test method. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a shear box device and a test method for single shear test of rock and soil, which can realize the integrated single shear function of rock and soil, thereby realizing single shear test of rock and soil mixture samples of different sizes, solving the problem of uneven normal stress loading of rock and soil samples during the shear process, and is of great significance for accurately obtaining the shear mechanical properties of rock and soil and evaluating the engineering stability under complex seismic loads.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a shear box device for rock and soil single shear test, the shear box device for rock and soil single shear test comprising: a stacked ring shear box module, a base, an X-axis anti-friction roller needle, a single shear box base tray, a power loading module, a Y-axis anti-friction roller needle, a ball head compression plate, a normal pressure head and a horizontal reaction force component;

[0007] The stacking ring shear box module includes a common stacking ring, a stacking ring with reserved acoustic emission holes, an upper stacking ring shear box, and a lower stacking ring shear box; the lower stacking ring shear box is connected to the upper stacking ring shear box by a guide column, and a common stacking ring is placed between the shear boxes; the common stacking ring is provided with a guide column fixing hole, and the guide column fixing hole is aligned with the guide column for stacking, and a stacking ring with reserved acoustic emission holes is placed near the middle of the guide column; normal deformation sensor channel holes are provided on the left and right sides of the top of the upper stacking ring shear box for monitoring the normal deformation of the shear box.

[0008] Preferably, the horizontal reaction force assembly includes an oil pressure buffer, a horizontal reaction force column, a horizontal reaction force column connecting flange, a vertical friction reducing top plate, a horizontal reaction force pad, a horizontal limiter and a vertical friction reducing roller;

[0009] The horizontal reaction column is connected to the horizontal reaction pad by a horizontal reaction column connecting flange, the inner side of the pad is connected to the vertical anti-friction roller, and a vertical anti-friction upper top plate is arranged on the top; the horizontal limit is fixed on both sides of the vertical anti-friction roller to limit the smooth movement of the vertical anti-friction roller, and the anti-friction roller needle of the vertical anti-friction roller ensures that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion; the oil pressure buffer supports the anti-friction roller needle to prevent the anti-friction roller needle from falling due to gravity when not subject to reaction force and being unable to move effectively.

[0010] Preferably, two horizontal reaction column weight reduction holes are symmetrically arranged in the column body of the horizontal reaction column to reduce the weight of the horizontal reaction column and prevent the vertical friction-reducing roller from vertically sliding due to the deadweight of the horizontal reaction column.

[0011] Preferably, the stacked ring lower shear box is placed on the base, the X-axis friction reducing roller is located on the upper side of the single shear box base tray and in contact with the base, guide rails are set in the tray wall grooves on both sides of the roller, and a row of X-axis friction reducing balls are set in the slide rails to reduce the friction resistance of the base movement, and stacked ring lower shear box blocks are set at the ends of both sides of the guide slide rails and are fixedly connected to the single shear box base tray.

[0012] Preferably, the power loading module includes an X-direction servo cylinder, a Y-direction servo cylinder, a normal servo cylinder, an X-direction loading reaction force cap, a Y-direction loading reaction force cap and a loading pad assembly; the loading pad assembly includes an X-direction loading pad and a Y-direction loading pad; the side of the stacked ring lower shear box is connected to the X-direction loading pad by bolts, a pad fixing hole is provided on the pad, the X-direction connecting column is connected to the pad fixing hole by bolts, the X-direction loading reaction force cap is connected to the outside and fastened through the X-direction loading reaction force cap fastening hole, the X-direction servo cylinder acts on the X-direction loading reaction force cap to apply X-direction static and dynamic loads.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the stacking ring upper shear box is connected to the circular shear pressure head by bolts, and a Y-axis friction-reducing roller needle is arranged on the top of the circular shear pressure head. A stacking ring upper shear box stopper is arranged on the front end of each side of the stacking ring upper shear box to prevent the shear box from slipping in the Y direction under a no-load state.

[0014] Preferably, the normal pressure head is located above the Y-axis anti-friction roller needle, the ball head compression plate contacts the spherical groove at the top of the normal pressure head through the bottom ball head, the upper side of the ball head compression plate is connected to the normal servo cylinder, the normal servo cylinder acts on the ball head compression plate, and then applies normal static and dynamic loads; a Z-axis pressure head tilting block connected to the shear box on the stacking ring is also provided below the normal pressure head to prevent the normal pressure head from tilting under the action of vertical load.

[0015] Preferably, the side of the shear box on the stacking ring is connected to the Y-direction loading pad by bolts, a pad fixing hole is arranged on the pad, the Y-direction connecting column is connected to the pad fixing hole by bolts, the Y-direction loading reaction force cap is connected on the outside and fastened through the Y-direction loading reaction force cap fastening hole, and the Y-direction servo cylinder acts on the Y-direction loading reaction force cap to apply Y-direction static and dynamic loads.

[0016] On the other hand, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a test method based on a shear box device for a rock and soil single shear test, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. First, place the X-axis anti-friction roller on the single shear box base tray of the corresponding size, then place the stacked ring lower shear box on the base, and finally place the base on the X-axis anti-friction roller. Select the stacked ring of the corresponding size according to the size of the sample, and then place the sample in the middle of the stacked ring lower shear box;

[0018] S2 inserts the four holes of the stacking ring lower shear box into the guide column, and then places the common stacking rings and the stacking rings with reserved acoustic emission holes layer by layer. After the last layer of stacking rings is placed, the stacking ring upper shear box is placed, and finally the guide column is removed, and the circular shearing pressure head and the Y-axis anti-friction roller needle are placed in sequence to complete the sample loading;

[0019] S3: After the sample is loaded, the stacked ring upper and lower shear boxes are transported to the bottom of the normal pressure head through the conveying guide rail, and the computer control system is controlled to issue an instruction to apply the initial normal stress. The normal servo cylinder provides the power source, and the normal pressure head is pressed on the Y-axis friction-reducing roller needle. The normal pressure is applied to 5 MPa at a rate of 1 MPa / min;

[0020] Then, a command is simultaneously issued to the horizontal tangential system, and the X-direction servo cylinder and the Y-direction servo cylinder simultaneously provide power sources to apply initial tangential forces to the lower shear box and the upper shear box of the stacked rings respectively;

[0021] S4. Turn on the servo control system and perform a simple shear test on the specimen under a constant normal load or a dynamic normal load until the specimen is destroyed;

[0022] When applying dynamic normal load, different measured earthquake records are selected as needed and corrected. Then, the corresponding acceleration time history curve records after correction are integrated twice to obtain the displacement time history curve. Finally, the discrete points of the displacement versus time curve are derived and input into the operating software to apply strong earthquake wave load.

[0023] S5. When the shear displacement reaches the set stroke, the machine automatically stops and saves the test data. The computer control system processes and analyzes the collected data.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) the method of the present invention can realize the integrated single shear function of rock and soil, so as to realize single shear test of rock and soil-rock mixture samples of different sizes; 2) the strength and shear characteristics of rock and soil under complex seismic loads are realized through a multi-directional static and dynamic loading system; 3) by placing friction-reducing rollers at the top and bottom of the upper shear box, the friction of each contact part of the shear box can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the credibility of the test results; 4) by adding an anti-tilt device, the tilt caused by uneven stress distribution during the shearing process can be eliminated, thereby causing errors such as shear displacement and shear strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a shear box device for a single shear test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is the front view of the shear box device for single shear test with normal pressure head added;

[0027] Figure 3 It is an isometric view of the lower shear box and base structure;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single shear box base tray;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the X-axis loading head structure;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the Y-direction loading head structure;

[0031] In the figure, 1-hydraulic buffer; 2-vertical friction reduction upper top plate; 3-horizontal reaction column connection flange; 4-horizontal limit; 5-horizontal reaction pad; 6-vertical friction reduction roller; 7-ordinary stacking ring; 8-stack ring with reserved acoustic emission hole; 9-shear box under stacking ring; 10-base; 11-X-direction loading pad; 12-pad fixing hole; 13-X-direction loading reaction cap; 15-horizontal reaction column; 16-horizontal reaction column weight reduction hole; 17-guide column fixing hole; 18-normal deformation sensor channel hole; 19-shear Cutting head; 20-Y-axis friction-reducing needle roller; 21-Y-axis loading pad; 22-Y-axis loading reaction cap; 23-ball head compression plate; 24-normal pressure head; 25-anti-Z-axis pressure head tilting block; 26-stack ring upper shear box block; 27-stack ring lower shear box block; 28-X-axis friction-reducing ball; 29-X-axis friction-reducing needle roller; 30-single shear box base tray; 31-X-axis loading reaction cap fastening hole; 32-X-axis connecting column; 33-Y-axis loading reaction cap fastening hole; 34-Y-axis connecting column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention considers using a two-way three-degree-of-freedom (simultaneous loading along the X-axis and Y-axis directions) detachable single shear box to form a test device, which can realize multi-directional independent loading in the X-direction, Y-direction and normal direction in displacement control, force control, deformation control and stiffness control modes, respectively, to simulate the real physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil under the action of multi-directional seismic motion.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 6The present invention provides a technical solution: a shear box device for single shear test of rock and soil, which includes: a stacked ring shear box module, a base 10, an X-axis anti-friction roller 29, a single shear box base tray 30, a power loading module, a Y-axis anti-friction roller 20, a ball head compression plate 23, a normal pressure head 24 and a horizontal reaction force component.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the stacking ring shear box module includes a common stacking ring 7, a stacking ring 8 with reserved acoustic emission holes, an upper stacking ring shear box, and a lower stacking ring shear box 9.

[0036] Furthermore, the lower shear box 9 of the stack ring is connected to the upper shear box of the stack ring through a guide column, and an ordinary stack ring 7 is placed between the shear boxes; the ordinary stack ring 7 is provided with a guide column fixing hole 17, and the guide column fixing hole 17 is aligned with the guide column for stacking, and a stack ring 8 with a reserved acoustic emission hole is placed near the middle of the guide column; normal deformation sensor channel holes 18 are provided on the left and right sides of the top of the upper shear box of the stack ring for monitoring the normal deformation of the shear box (vertical displacement under the action of normal load).

[0037] Furthermore, the horizontal reaction force assembly includes an oil pressure buffer 1, a horizontal reaction force column 15, a horizontal reaction force column connecting flange 3, a vertical friction reducing upper top plate 2, a horizontal reaction force pad 5, a horizontal limit 4 and a vertical friction reducing roller 6.

[0038] Furthermore, the horizontal reaction column 15 is connected to the horizontal reaction pad 5 through the horizontal reaction column connecting flange 3. The inner side of the pad is connected to the vertical anti-friction roller 6, and a vertical anti-friction upper top plate 2 is arranged on the top; the horizontal limit 4 is fixed on both sides of the vertical anti-friction roller 6 to limit the horizontal sliding of the vertical anti-friction roller 6. The anti-friction rollers of the vertical anti-friction roller 6 ensure that the normal pressure head 24 does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion; the oil pressure buffer 1 supports the anti-friction rollers to prevent the anti-friction rollers from falling due to gravity when not subjected to reaction force and being unable to move effectively.

[0039] Furthermore, two horizontal reaction column weight reduction holes 16 are symmetrically arranged in the column body of the horizontal reaction column 15 to reduce the weight of the horizontal reaction column 15, prevent the vertical friction reduction roller 6 from vertically sliding due to the deadweight of the horizontal reaction column, and increase the experimental accuracy.

[0040] Further, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the stacked ring lower shear box 9 is placed on the base 10, the X-axis friction reducing needle roller 29 is located on the upper side of the single shear box base tray 30 and contacts the base 10, guide rails are set in the tray wall grooves on both sides of the needle roller, and a row of X-axis friction reducing balls 28 are provided in the slide rails to reduce the friction resistance of the base movement, and stacked ring lower shear box blocks 27 are provided at the ends of both sides of the guide rails and are fixedly connected to the single shear box base tray 30.

[0041] Furthermore, the power loading module includes an X-direction servo cylinder, a Y-direction servo cylinder, a normal servo cylinder, an X-direction loading reaction force cap 13, a Y-direction loading reaction force cap 22 and a loading pad assembly; the loading pad assembly includes an X-direction loading pad 11 and a Y-direction loading pad 21.

[0042] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the side of the stacked ring lower shear box 9 is connected to the X-direction loading pad 11 by bolts, and a pad fixing hole 12 is provided on the pad. The X-direction connecting column 32 is connected to the pad fixing hole 12 by bolts, and is connected to the X-direction loading reaction force cap 13 on the outside and fastened through the X-direction loading reaction force cap fastening hole 31. The X-direction servo cylinder acts on the X-direction loading reaction force cap 13 to apply X-direction static and dynamic loads.

[0043] Furthermore, the top of the stacked ring shear box is connected to the circular shear pressure head 19 by bolts, and a Y-axis friction-reducing needle roller 20 is arranged on the top of the circular shear pressure head 19. A stacked ring shear box stopper 26 is arranged on the front end of each side of the stacked ring shear box to prevent the shear box from slipping in the Y direction under a no-load state.

[0044] Furthermore, the normal pressure head 24 is located above the Y-axis anti-friction roller needle 20, the ball head compression plate 23 contacts the spherical groove at the top of the normal pressure head 24 through the bottom ball head, the upper side of the ball head compression plate 23 is connected to the normal servo cylinder, the normal servo cylinder acts on the ball head compression plate 23, and then applies normal static and dynamic loads; below the normal pressure head 24, there is also an anti-Z-axis pressure head tilting block 25 connected to the shear box on the stacking ring to prevent the normal pressure head 24 from tilting under the action of vertical load.

[0045] Further, such as Figure 6 As shown, the side of the shear box on the stacking ring is connected to the Y-direction loading pad 21 by bolts, and a pad fixing hole 12 is set on the pad. The Y-direction connecting column 34 is connected to the pad fixing hole 12 by bolts, and the Y-direction loading reaction force cap 22 is connected on the outside and fastened through the Y-direction loading reaction force cap fastening hole 33. The Y-direction servo cylinder acts on the Y-direction loading reaction force cap 22 to apply Y-direction static and dynamic loads.

[0046] A test method based on a shear box device for rock and soil single shear test, that is, when the test is carried out by the above device, it includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. First, place the X-axis anti-friction needle roller 29 on the single shear box base tray 30 of the corresponding size, then place the stacked ring lower shear box 9 on the base 10, and finally place the base 10 on the X-axis anti-friction needle roller 29, select the stacked ring of the corresponding size according to the size of the sample, and then place the sample in the middle of the stacked ring lower shear box 9;

[0048] S2 inserts the four holes of the stacking ring lower shear box 9 into the guide column, and then places the ordinary stacking rings 7 and the stacking rings 8 with reserved acoustic emission holes layer by layer. After the last layer of stacking rings is placed, the stacking ring upper shear box is placed, and finally the guide column is removed, and the circular shearing pressure head 19 and the Y-axis anti-friction roller needle 20 are placed in sequence to complete the sample loading;

[0049] S3: After the sample is loaded, the stacked ring upper and lower shear boxes are transported to the bottom of the normal pressure head 24 through the conveying guide rail, and the computer control system is controlled to issue an instruction to apply the initial normal stress. The normal servo cylinder provides a power source to press the normal pressure head 24 on the Y-axis friction-reducing needle roller 20. In this embodiment, the normal pressure is applied to 5 MPa at a rate of 1 MPa / min;

[0050] Then, a command is simultaneously issued to the horizontal tangential system, and the X-direction servo cylinder and the Y-direction servo cylinder simultaneously provide power sources to apply initial tangential forces to the stacking ring lower shear box 9 and the stacking ring upper shear box respectively;

[0051] S4. Turn on the servo control system and perform a simple shear test on the specimen under a constant normal load or a dynamic normal load until the specimen is destroyed;

[0052] When applying dynamic normal load, different measured earthquake records are selected as needed and corrected (for example, baseline correction). Then, the corresponding acceleration time history curve record after correction is integrated twice to obtain the displacement time history curve. Finally, the discrete points of the displacement versus time curve are derived and input into the operating software to apply strong earthquake wave load.

[0053] S5. When the shear displacement reaches the set stroke, the machine automatically stops and saves the test data. The computer control system processes and analyzes the collected data.

[0054] The present invention can realize the integrated single shear function of rock and soil, so as to realize single shear test of rock and soil-rock mixture samples of different sizes, and solve the problem of uneven normal stress loading and compensation of rock and soil samples during shearing.

[0055] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear box device for single shear test of rock and soil. It is characterized in that The rock and soil single shear test matching shear box device comprises: a stacked ring shear box module, a base (10), an X-direction friction reduction needle roller (29), a single shear box base tray (30), a power loading module, a Y-direction friction reduction needle roller (20), a ball head compression plate (23), a normal pressure head (24) and a horizontal reaction force component; The stacking ring shear box module comprises a common stacking ring (7), a stacking ring with a reserved acoustic emission hole (8), an upper stacking ring shear box, and a lower stacking ring shear box (9); the lower stacking ring shear box (9) is connected to the upper stacking ring shear box via a guide column, and a common stacking ring (7) is placed between the shear boxes; the common stacking ring (7) is provided with a guide column fixing hole (17), the guide column fixing hole (17) is aligned with the guide column for stacking, and a stacking ring with a reserved acoustic emission hole (8) is placed near the middle of the guide column; the left and right sides of the top of the upper stacking ring shear box are provided with normal deformation sensor channel holes (18) for monitoring the normal deformation of the shear box.

2. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 1, Features: The horizontal reaction force assembly comprises a hydraulic buffer (1), a horizontal reaction force column (15), a horizontal reaction force column connecting flange (3), a vertical friction reducing upper top plate (2), a horizontal reaction force pad (5), a horizontal limiter (4) and a vertical friction reducing roller (6); The horizontal reaction column (15) is connected to the horizontal reaction pad (5) through the horizontal reaction column connecting flange (3); the inner side of the pad is connected to the vertical anti-friction roller (6), and a vertical anti-friction upper top plate (2) is arranged on the top; the horizontal limiter (4) is fixed on both sides of the vertical anti-friction roller (6) to limit the horizontal sliding of the vertical anti-friction roller (6); the anti-friction roller of the vertical anti-friction roller (6) ensures that the normal pressure head (24) does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion; the oil pressure buffer (1) supports the anti-friction roller to prevent the anti-friction roller from falling due to gravity when it is not subjected to reaction force and being unable to move effectively.

3. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 2, Features: Two horizontal reaction column weight reduction holes (16) are symmetrically arranged in the column body of the horizontal reaction column (15) to reduce the weight of the horizontal reaction column (15) and prevent the vertical friction reduction roller (6) from vertically sliding due to the deadweight of the horizontal reaction column.

4. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 1, Features: The stacked ring lower shear box (9) is placed on the base (10), the X-axis friction-reducing needle roller (29) is located on the upper side of the single shear box base tray (30) and contacts the base (10), the tray wall grooves on both sides of the needle roller are provided with guide rails, a row of X-axis friction-reducing balls (28) are provided in the rails to reduce the friction resistance of the base movement, and stacked ring lower shear box blocks (27) are provided at both ends of the guide rails and are fixedly connected to the single shear box base tray (30).

5. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 1, Features: The power loading module comprises an X-direction servo cylinder, a Y-direction servo cylinder, a normal servo cylinder, an X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (13), a Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (22) and a loading pad assembly; the loading pad assembly comprises an X-direction loading pad (11) and a Y-direction loading pad (21); the side of the stacked ring lower shear box (9) is connected to the X-direction loading pad (11) by bolts, a pad fixing hole (12) is provided on the pad, an X-direction connecting column (32) is connected to the pad fixing hole (12) by bolts, and the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (13) is connected to the outside and fastened through the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap fastening hole (31); the X-direction servo cylinder acts on the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (13) to apply X-direction static and dynamic loads.

6. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 1, Features: The top of the stacked ring upper shear box is connected to a circular shear pressure head (19) by bolts, and a Y-axis friction-reducing needle roller (20) is arranged on the top of the circular shear pressure head (19). A stacked ring upper shear box stopper (26) is arranged at the front ends of both sides of the stacked ring upper shear box to prevent the shear box from slipping in the Y direction under a no-load state.

7. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 1, Features: The normal pressure head (24) is located above the Y-direction anti-friction roller needle (20); the ball head compression plate (23) contacts the spherical groove at the top of the normal pressure head (24) through the bottom ball head; the upper side of the ball head compression plate (23) is connected to the normal servo cylinder; the normal servo cylinder acts on the ball head compression plate (23) to apply normal static and dynamic loads; and a Z-direction pressure head tilting prevention block (25) connected to the shear box on the stacking ring is also provided below the normal pressure head (24) to prevent the normal pressure head (24) from tilting under the vertical load.

8. The shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to claim 1, Features: The side surface of the shear box on the stacking ring is connected to a Y-direction loading pad (21) by bolts, a pad fixing hole (12) is arranged on the pad, a Y-direction connecting column (34) is connected to the pad fixing hole (12) by bolts, a Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (22) is connected on the outside and is fastened through a Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap fastening hole (33), and a Y-direction servo cylinder acts on the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (22) to apply a Y-direction static and dynamic load.

9. A test method according to the shear box device for rock and soil single shear test according to any one of claims 1 to 8, Features: The steps include: S1. First, place the X-axis anti-friction needle roller (29) on a single shear box base tray (30) of corresponding size, then place the stacked ring lower shear box (9) on the base (10), and finally place the base (10) on the X-axis anti-friction needle roller (29), select a stacked ring of corresponding size according to the size of the sample, and then place the sample in the middle of the stacked ring lower shear box (9); S2 inserts the four holes of the stacking ring lower shear box (9) into the guide column, and then places the ordinary stacking rings (7) and the stacking rings with reserved acoustic emission holes (8) layer by layer. After the last layer of stacking rings is placed, the stacking ring upper shear box is placed, and finally the guide column is removed, and the circular shearing head (19) and the Y-axis anti-friction roller needle (20) are placed in sequence to complete the sample loading; S3: After the sample is loaded, the stacked ring upper and lower shear boxes are transported to the bottom of the normal pressure head (24) through the conveying guide rail, and the computer control system is controlled to issue an instruction to apply the initial normal stress. The normal servo cylinder provides a power source, and the normal pressure head (24) is pressed on the Y-axis friction-reducing needle roller (20), and the normal pressure is applied to 5 MPa at a rate of 1 MPa / min; Then, a command is simultaneously issued to the horizontal tangential system, and the X-direction servo cylinder and the Y-direction servo cylinder simultaneously provide power sources to apply initial tangential forces to the stacking ring lower shear box (9) and the stacking ring upper shear box respectively; S4. Turn on the servo control system and perform a simple shear test on the specimen under a constant normal load or a dynamic normal load until the specimen is destroyed; When performing dynamic normal load, different measured earthquake records are selected as needed and corrected, and then the corresponding acceleration time history curve records after correction are integrated twice to obtain the displacement time history curve; Finally, the discrete points of the displacement versus time curve are derived and input into the operating software to apply strong seismic wave loads; S5. When the shear displacement reaches the set stroke, the machine automatically stops and saves the test data. The computer control system processes and analyzes the collected data.

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