A low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material. The key component, a high-entropy alloy nanomaterial, is prepared by grinding cerium nitrate, ferric nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1. Then, 10-20 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 5-8 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 65°C-70°C for 4-8 hours, followed by overnight vacuum freeze-drying to obtain a mixed powder. The powder is placed in a crucible in a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1000-1200°C for 4-10 hours under nitrogen flow protection, followed by cooling. The prepared cable outer layer material overcomes the shortcomings of conventional cables, such as the tendency to release large amounts of toxic smoke when burned, poor flame retardancy, and the presence of halogens that pollute the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of flame-retardant cable materials, in particular to a low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material. Background Art

[0002] Low-smoke, flame-retardant cable outer layer materials are an important research area in modern cable technology, especially in terms of safety and environmental protection. Traditional cable materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), release large amounts of smoke and toxic gases when burned, which are not only harmful to the human body but also pollute the environment. Therefore, the development of low-smoke, flame-retardant cable outer layer materials has become an urgent need in the cable industry.

[0003] The outer layer materials of low-smoke flame-retardant cables are primarily categorized into flame-retardant cables, halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant cables (LSOH), low-halogen low-smoke flame-retardant cables (LSF), and fire-resistant cables. Flame-retardant cables are characterized by slowing the spread of flames along the cable, preventing the fire from spreading. Halogen-free low-smoke cables are characterized by not only excellent flame-retardant properties but also by the halogen-free materials used. These cables exhibit low corrosiveness and toxicity during combustion, generating minimal smoke. The hydrogen chloride emissions and smoke density of low-halogen low-smoke flame-retardant cables are intermediate between those of flame-retardant and halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant cables. Fire-resistant cables are designed to maintain normal operation for a certain period of time under flame conditions, preserving the integrity of the line. The development of outer layer materials for low-smoke flame-retardant cables requires consideration of multiple factors, including the flame retardancy of the material, smoke density, and gas toxicity. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, halogen acid (HCl) release, gas corrosiveness, smoke density, gas toxicity, and the heat released from the conversion of CO to CO2 during cable combustion are key factors in determining whether people can safely escape a fire scene. Therefore, the development of low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer materials requires comprehensive consideration of these factors.

[0004] Currently, the development of outer layer materials for low-smoke flame-retardant cables is primarily focused on halogen-free and low-halogen flame-retardant cables. Halogen-free and low-smoke cables primarily consist of thermoplastic or thermoset compounds, carefully formulated to effectively prevent the spread of flames while maintaining structural integrity under extreme conditions. Low-halogen and low-smoke flame-retardant cables primarily utilize polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a base material, supplemented with high-efficiency flame retardants, HCl absorbers, and smoke suppressants.

[0005] Low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer materials have a wide range of applications, including construction, transportation, and industry. They offer significant advantages in terms of safety and environmental protection. For example, in the construction sector, they can reduce the risk of fire and protect lives. In the transportation sector, they can also reduce the risk of fire and ensure the normal operation of transportation systems.

[0006] In summary, low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer materials are an important research area in modern cable technology. The development of low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer materials requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as the material's flame retardancy, smoke density, and gas toxicity. Currently, the development of low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer materials focuses primarily on halogen-free and low-halogen low-smoke flame-retardant cables. Low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer materials have a wide range of applications, including construction, transportation, and industry. Low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer materials offer significant advantages in terms of safety and environmental performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of conventional cables, which tend to release large amounts of toxic smoke when burned, have poor flame retardancy, and contain halogens that pollute the environment, the present invention provides a low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material. This material has the following characteristics:

[0008] Excellent flame retardancy: Using special flame retardants, it can effectively prevent the spread of fire in case of fire, providing more time for escape and rescue.

[0009] Low smoke and low toxicity: The amount of smoke produced during combustion is extremely low, and no toxic gas is released, reducing the impact of fire on personal safety and the environment.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0012] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0013]

[0014] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0015] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0016]

[0017] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0018] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0022] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0023] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0024] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0025] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0026] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 10-20 times by weight of a 32% by weight tannic acid solution and 5-8 times by weight of a 10% by weight glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 65°C-70°C for 4-8 hours, followed by overnight vacuum freeze drying to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1000-1200°C for 4-10 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

[0027] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0028] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0029] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0030] The fluorine-containing acrylates are 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2-fluoromethyl acrylate, perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate.

[0031] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0032] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0033] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol are homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder are set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; and the screw speed is set to 280-350rpm.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] Analysis of the chemical reactions between the raw materials. The preparation of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials involves the mixing and reaction of various metal nitrates, including cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate. These metal nitrates react in a tannic acid and glutaraldehyde solution in an oil bath, followed by vacuum freeze-drying and high-temperature calcination to form the high-entropy alloy nanomaterial. The preparation of fluorinated acrylate polymers involves the copolymerization of fluorinated monomers with other acrylate monomers. Commonly used fluorinated monomers include 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, methyl 2-fluoroacrylate, and perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate. Polyethylene masterbatch is mixed with fluorinated acrylates, high-entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, homogenized, and melt-extruded into pellets using a twin-screw extruder to form the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material.

[0036] The addition of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials and fluorinated acrylates significantly improves the flame retardant properties of the material. High-entropy alloy nanomaterials have excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy, and can effectively prevent the spread of fire in the event of a fire. Fluorinated acrylates further improve the flame retardancy of the material through their unique chemical structure. The material produces extremely low amounts of smoke during combustion and does not release toxic gases, reducing the impact on personal safety and the environment during a fire. The synergistic effect of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials and fluorinated acrylates significantly reduces the density of smoke produced by the material during combustion, and the transmittance is as high as 88-92%. The addition of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials significantly improves the mechanical properties of the material, including tensile strength and flexural strength. Test results show that the tensile strength of the embodiment containing high-entropy alloy nanomaterials reaches 92-99 MPa and the flexural strength reaches 120-128 MPa, which are much higher than the 82-90 MPa and 99-111 MPa in the comparison method. High-entropy alloy nanomaterials have excellent high-temperature stability, allowing the material to maintain good mechanical properties and structural integrity even in high-temperature environments. The heat deformation temperature of the embodiment reaches 218-227°C, significantly higher than the 180-201°C of the comparative method. By optimizing the ratio of each component and the preparation process, this low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material exhibits excellent comprehensive performance in terms of flame retardancy, low smoke and low toxicity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. It is suitable for a variety of fields such as construction, transportation, and industry, and has broad application prospects.

[0037] In summary, the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material provided by the present invention significantly improves the flame retardancy, low smoke and low toxicity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the material by introducing high-entropy alloy nanomaterials and fluorine-containing acrylates, overcoming the shortcomings of conventional cable materials that easily release a large amount of toxic smoke when burned, have poor flame retardant properties and contain halogen to pollute the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an outer layer material prepared by the present invention applied to a cable.

[0039] Figure 2 This is an electron microscope image of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial prepared in embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0040] In the picture:

[0041] 10. Cable; 11. Wire; 12. Insulation layer; 13. Outer layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is described in more detail below in an exemplary manner.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0045] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0049] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0050] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0051] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0052] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0053] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 10 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 8 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 65°C for 8 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1000°C for 10 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

[0054] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0055] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0056] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0057] The fluorine-containing acrylate is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate.

[0058] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0059] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0060] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; and the screw speed was set to 280 rpm.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0063] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0067] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0068] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0069] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0070] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0071] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 20 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 5 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 70°C for 4 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1200°C for 4 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

[0072] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0073] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0074] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0075] The fluorine-containing acrylate is 2-methyl fluoroacrylate.

[0076] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0077] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0078] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; and the screw speed was set to 350rpm.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0081] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0085] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0086] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0087] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0088] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0089] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 12 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 7 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 66°C for 7 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1050°C for 9 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

[0090] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0091] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0092] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0093] The fluorine-containing acrylate is perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate.

[0094] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0095] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0096] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; the screw speed was set to 290 rpm.

[0097] Example 4

[0098] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0099] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0100]

[0101] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0102] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0103] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0104] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0105] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0106] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 18 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 6 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 68°C for 5 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1150°C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and then cooled.

[0107] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0108] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0109] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0110] The fluorine-containing acrylate is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate.

[0111] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0112] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0113] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; and the screw speed was set to 340 rpm.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0116] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0117]

[0118] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0119] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0120] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0121] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0122] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0123] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 15 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 7 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 68°C for 6 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1100°C for 8 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

[0124] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0125] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0126] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0127] The fluorine-containing acrylate is 2-methyl fluoroacrylate.

[0128] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0129] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0130] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; the screw speed was set to 320 rpm.

[0131] Comparative Example 1

[0132] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0133] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0134]

[0135] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0136] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0137] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3, average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0138] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0139] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0140] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0141] The fluorine-containing acrylate is 2-methyl fluoroacrylate.

[0142] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0143] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0144] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylic esters, glass fiber, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; and the screw speed was set to 320 rpm.

[0145] Comparative Example 2

[0146] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0147] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0148]

[0149] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0150] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0151] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0152] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0153] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0154] Cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 15 times the mass of a 32% tannic acid solution and 7 times the mass of a 10% glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 68°C for 6 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1100°C for 8 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

[0155] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0156] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0157] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0158] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0159] Polyethylene masterbatch, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; the screw speed was set to 320rpm.

[0160] Comparative Example 3

[0161] Low smoke flame retardant cable outer material,

[0162] In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0163]

[0164] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0165] The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows:

[0166] Average density: 0.940g / cm 3 , average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

[0167] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0168] The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows:

[0169] Cerium nitrate and ferric nitrate were ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1, and then 15 times the mass of 32% tannic acid solution and 7 times the mass of 10% glutaraldehyde solution were added. The mixture was reacted in an oil bath at 68°C for 6 hours, followed by vacuum freeze-drying overnight to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder was placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1100°C for 8 hours under nitrogen protection, and then cooled.

[0170] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0171] The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

[0172] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0173] The fluorine-containing acrylate is 2-methyl fluoroacrylate.

[0174] The outer layer material of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable,

[0175] The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows:

[0176] Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol were homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder were set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; the screw speed was set to 320 rpm.

[0177] The test method is as follows:

[0178] The prepared pellets were injection molded (Arburg Allrounder injection molding machine, injection pressure 28 MPa, injection speed 300 mm / s, holding pressure 80 MPa, melt temperature 230°C, cooling time 10 s) to prepare standard specimens for testing (meeting the shape and size requirements of ISO 527-1 / -2 standard, example specimen dimensions: total length 75 mm, gauge length 25 mm, width 5 mm, thickness 2 mm).

[0179] After testing, the performance parameters of implementation methods 1-6 and comparison methods 1-3 are as follows:

[0180] Implementation 1: Tensile strength 92MPa, flexural strength 120MPa, heat deformation temperature 218°C, flame retardant UL-94V-0;

[0181] Embodiment 2: tensile strength 93MPa, flexural strength 124MPa, heat deformation temperature 219°C, flame retardant UL-94V-0;

[0182] Embodiment 3: tensile strength 95MPa, flexural strength 125MPa, heat deformation temperature 222°C, flame retardant UL-94V-0;

[0183] Embodiment 4: tensile strength 95MPa, flexural strength 128MPa, heat deformation temperature 224°C, flame retardant UL-94V-0;

[0184] Embodiment 5: tensile strength 99MPa, flexural strength 121MPa, heat deformation temperature 227°C, flame retardant UL-94V-0;

[0185] Comparison 1: Tensile strength 82MPa, flexural strength 99MPa, heat deformation temperature 180℃, flame retardant UL-94V-2;

[0186] Comparison 2: Tensile strength 86MPa, flexural strength 104MPa, heat deformation temperature 188°C, flame retardant UL-94V-1;

[0187] Comparison 3: Tensile strength 90 MPa, flexural strength 111 MPa, heat deflection temperature 201°C, flame retardant UL-94V-2.

[0188] In addition, for smoke density, the national standard "GB / T 17651.2-2021 Determination of smoke density of electric cables or optical cables burning under specific conditions" was referred to for testing. The results are as follows: the smoke density transmittances of implementation modes 1-5 are 88%, 89%, 90%, 90%, and 92%, respectively, and the smoke density transmittances of comparison modes 1-3 are 54%, 75%, and 67%, respectively.

[0189] In summary, the comparison method 1 lacks high entropy alloy nanomaterials. According to the information provided, the comparison method 1 lacks high entropy alloy nanomaterials, which will have the following effects on the cable performance:

[0190] Degradation of mechanical properties:

[0191] High-entropy alloy nanomaterials possess excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength, high hardness, and good plasticity. The absence of these materials results in reduced tensile and flexural strength in the cable. The data shows that the tensile strength of Comparative Example 1 is 82 MPa, significantly lower than the 92-99 MPa examples containing high-entropy alloy nanomaterials.

[0192] Reduced thermal stability:

[0193] High-entropy alloys have excellent high-temperature stability. The lack of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials reduces the heat resistance of the cable. The heat deformation temperature of Comparative Example 1 is only 180°C, far lower than the examples containing high-entropy alloy nanomaterials (218-227°C).

[0194] Flame retardant performance decreased:

[0195] High entropy alloy nanomaterials can improve the flame retardancy of materials. The lack of such materials results in the flame retardancy rating of Comparative Method 1 being only UL-94V-2, while the embodiments containing high entropy alloy nanomaterials all reach UL-94V-0.

[0196] Smoke density increases:

[0197] High entropy alloy nanomaterials help reduce smoke density during combustion. The smoke density transmittance of Comparative Example 1 is only 54%, which is much lower than the examples containing high entropy alloy nanomaterials (88-92%).

[0198] Microstructural changes:

[0199] High-entropy alloy nanomaterials can form nanoscale dispersed phases within a polymer matrix, enhancing the overall performance of the material. The lack of such materials can lead to a decrease in microstructural uniformity, affecting the performance of various properties.

[0200] Lack of synergy:

[0201] High-entropy alloy nanomaterials can produce synergistic effects with other components, such as improving flame retardancy together with fluorinated acrylates. The lack of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials will weaken this synergistic effect.

[0202] In summary, high-entropy alloy nanomaterials play a key role in improving the mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and reducing smoke density of cables. The lack of these materials significantly reduces the overall performance of the cable, failing to meet the requirements for Class B1 flame-retardant cables. This also explains why the examples containing high-entropy alloy nanomaterials exhibit excellent overall performance.

[0203] Comparative Method 2 lacks fluorinated acrylates. According to the information provided, the lack of fluorinated acrylates in Comparative Method 2 will have the following effects on cable performance:

[0204] Reduced flame retardancy:

[0205] Fluorinated acrylates are commonly used flame retardants in low-smoke flame-retardant cables. Their absence reduces the flame retardancy of the cables and increases the risk of fire.

[0206] Reduced heat resistance:

[0207] Fluorinated acrylates have high heat resistance and can improve the thermal stability of cables. Their absence reduces the heat resistance of cables, affecting their use in high-temperature environments.

[0208] Reduced chemical stability:

[0209] Fluorinated acrylates have good chemical stability and can improve the corrosion resistance of cables. Their absence reduces the chemical stability of cables, affecting their use in corrosive environments.

[0210] Increased release of toxic gases:

[0211] Fluorinated acrylates can inhibit the release of toxic gases during combustion. Their absence leads to increased release of toxic gases during combustion, affecting human health and environmental safety.

[0212] In summary, the lack of fluorinated acrylates in Comparative Method 2 reduces the flame retardancy, heat resistance, and chemical stability of the cable, and increases the release of toxic gases during combustion. Therefore, fluorinated acrylates are an important component in the design and production of low-smoke flame-retardant cables.

[0213] Comparative Method 3 lacks manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate in the high-entropy alloy nanomaterials. According to the information provided, Comparative Method 3 lacks manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate in the high-entropy alloy nanomaterials, which will have the following effects on the performance of the cable material:

[0214] Flame retardant performance decreases:

[0215] Manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate are important components of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials, which can improve the flame retardancy of the material. The lack of these components will lead to a decrease in the flame retardancy of the material.

[0216] Decreased heat resistance:

[0217] High entropy alloy nanomaterials have excellent heat resistance. The lack of manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate will lead to a decrease in the heat resistance of the material.

[0218] Degradation of mechanical properties:

[0219] High-entropy alloy nanomaterials can improve the mechanical properties of materials, such as tensile strength and flexural strength. The lack of manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate will lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the material.

[0220] Smoke density increases:

[0221] High-entropy alloy nanomaterials can reduce smoke density during combustion. The lack of manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate will lead to increased smoke density.

[0222] Lack of synergy:

[0223] The various components in high-entropy alloy nanomaterials can produce a synergistic effect. The lack of manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate will lead to the loss of this synergistic effect, thereby affecting the overall performance of the material.

[0224] In summary, the lack of manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate and copper nitrate in the high-entropy alloy nanomaterials in comparison method 3 will lead to a decrease in the flame retardant properties, heat resistance, mechanical properties and smoke density of the cable material, thereby affecting its performance in practical applications.

[0225] At the same time Figure 1 As shown in FIG, which shows the structural principle diagram of the outer layer material prepared by the present invention applied to the actual production of cable products. It can be seen that for cable 10, conductor 11 is located at the center, the outer layer of conductor 101 is insulation layer 12, and the outer layer 13 of insulation layer 12 is the outer layer material prepared by us (prepared in embodiment 5). This product was tested and implemented in a power engineering project in Hunan Province (Xiang C No. XXX85 Project), where conductor 11 is made of oxygen-free copper wire and insulation layer 12 is made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) material, with good results.

[0226] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, it shows the structure of the core material high entropy alloy nanomaterial (prepared in embodiment 5) of the present invention.

[0227] The applicant declares that the present invention is illustrated by the above-described embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. This does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above-described embodiments in order to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to the present invention, equivalent substitutions for the raw materials used in the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, and selection of specific methods, etc., fall within the scope of protection and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material, characterized by: In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials: Polyethylene masterbatch 120-180 parts, 60-80 parts of fluorinated acrylates, 20-30 parts of high entropy alloy nanomaterials, 5-15 parts of glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane 3-7 parts, 2-10 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; The preparation method of the high entropy alloy nanomaterial is as follows: Cerium nitrate, ferric nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium hexahydroxyplatinate, and copper nitrate are ground into microparticles in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1, and then 10-20 times by weight of a 32% by weight tannic acid solution and 5-8 times by weight of a 10% by weight glutaraldehyde solution are added. The mixture is reacted in an oil bath at 65°C-70°C for 4-8 hours, followed by overnight vacuum freeze-drying to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder is placed in a crucible of a muffle furnace, and then calcined at 1000-1200°C for 4-10 hours under nitrogen flow protection, and then cooled.

2. The low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials: Polyethylene masterbatch 140-160 parts, 60-70 parts of fluorinated acrylates, 22-30 parts of high entropy alloy nanomaterials, Glass fiber 5-13 parts, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane 3-7 parts, 2-10 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

3. The low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, it includes the following raw materials: 150 parts of polyethylene masterbatch, 65 parts of fluorinated acrylates, 26 parts of high entropy alloy nanomaterials, 8 parts of glass fiber, 5 parts of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 7 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

4. The low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The performance parameters of the polyethylene masterbatch are as follows: Average density: 0.940g / cm³, average yield strength: 8.60MPa, melting point: 102-115℃.

5. The low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the glass fiber is 5-10 μm and the length is 2-5 mm.

6. The low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluorine-containing acrylates are 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2-fluoromethyl acrylate, perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate.

7. The low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the low-smoke flame-retardant cable outer layer material is as follows: Polyethylene masterbatch, fluorinated acrylates, high entropy alloy nanomaterials, glass fiber, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol are homogenized using a homogenizer and then placed in a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of zones 1 to 8 of the twin-screw extruder are set to 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, and 150°C, respectively; and the screw speed is set to 280-350rpm.

Images