Photovoltaic cell test system and photovoltaic cell test method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic cell test system and a photovoltaic cell test method, which are used for carrying out electrical test on a photovoltaic cell to be tested, and the photovoltaic cell to be tested comprises a laminated cell composed of a perovskite type top cell and a crystalline silicon type bottom cell. The test system comprises a pretreatment device, a ventilation device and an electrical property test device, the pretreatment device is configured to perform light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell so as to enable anions and cations in the perovskite type top cell to migrate to reach an equilibrium state; the ventilation device is configured to introduce adjusting gas into the pretreatment device so as to regulate and control the environment temperature in the pretreatment device; and the electrical test device is configured to perform an electrical test on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment so as to obtain electrical parameters of the photovoltaic cell to be tested. According to the invention, after the negative ions and the positive ions in the to-be-tested photovoltaic cell are migrated to reach the equilibrium state, the electrical property test is carried out, so that the test accuracy is improved, the test time is remarkably shortened, and the production line efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic cell testing, and in particular to a photovoltaic cell testing system and a photovoltaic cell testing method. Background Art

[0002] At present, new configurations are constantly being introduced in the field of photovoltaic cells, and new technologies are rapidly updated and iterated, demonstrating the broad development prospects and enthusiasm for innovation in this field.

[0003] Crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cells are one of the hot research directions in the field of photovoltaic cells. Related products are in the stage of rapid advancement from laboratory to industrialization. In the process of photovoltaic cell development, battery testing is an important means to obtain photovoltaic cell performance parameters and an important reference to help improve technology.

[0004] The photovoltaic cell testing device and photovoltaic cell testing method currently used in the industrialization end are designed to match the structure and characteristics of mature photovoltaic cells (such as PERC type, TOPCon type cells). They usually use transient or steady-state light sources to simulate sunlight conditions to measure the relevant electrical parameters of photovoltaic cells. However, since the anions and cations in the components of the newly prepared crystalline silicon / perovskite stacked cells are in a relatively active migration state, and the chemical bonds between the anions and cations are unstable, they are easily disturbed by external factors such as temperature and humidity and break, which may cause deformation of the crystalline silicon / perovskite stacked cells and abnormal fluctuations in electrical properties. Based on this, if the transient photovoltaic cell testing device and photovoltaic cell testing method provided in the relevant technology are directly used to perform electrical testing on the crystalline silicon / perovskite stacked cells, not only can the relevant electrical parameters not be accurately obtained, but also a long test time is required. In addition, the increase in ambient temperature caused by long-term illumination conditions in the relevant technology may also aggravate the instability of the crystalline silicon / perovskite stacked cells, thereby further adversely affecting the accuracy of the test.

[0005] The above problems have caused certain obstacles to the industrial application of crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cells, and it is necessary to make technical improvements. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell testing system and a photovoltaic cell testing method, which are helpful to improve the accuracy of photovoltaic cell testing, while also significantly shortening the testing time and effectively improving the production line efficiency.

[0007] On the one hand, some embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic cell testing system for performing electrical testing on a photovoltaic cell to be tested, wherein the photovoltaic cell to be tested includes a stacked cell consisting of a perovskite top cell and a crystalline silicon bottom cell, and the photovoltaic cell testing system includes: a pretreatment device, a ventilation device, and an electrical testing device; wherein the pretreatment device is configured to: at least perform a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested so that the migration of anions and cations in the perovskite top cell reaches a balanced state; the ventilation device is arranged at a preset position of the pretreatment device; the ventilation device is configured to: introduce a regulating gas into the pretreatment device so as to regulate the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device; the electrical testing device is arranged at a process downstream of the pretreatment device and connected to the pretreatment device; the electrical testing device is configured to: perform an electrical test on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment so as to obtain its electrical parameters.

[0008] In the above embodiment, a pretreatment device is provided to perform a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested, so as to activate the relevant anions and cations in each component of the perovskite top cell and accelerate their migration rate to achieve an equilibrium state. In this way, the chemical bonds formed between the anions and cations can maintain a strong interaction, thereby stabilizing the physical and chemical properties of the photovoltaic cell to be tested; and a ventilation device is provided to introduce a regulating gas into the pretreatment device, so as to facilitate the regulation of the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device during the light pretreatment by means of the circulation of the regulating gas, so as to avoid excessively high ambient temperature in the pretreatment device due to the light bath treatment, which may cause collateral damage to the photovoltaic cell to be tested (especially the temperature-sensitive perovskite top cell). Based on this, the electrical testing device connected to the pretreatment device continues to perform electrical testing on the photovoltaic cells to be tested whose physical and chemical properties are relatively stable after the light bath treatment, so as to accurately obtain their relevant electrical parameters. In addition, there is no need for long-term exposure processing during the electrical testing stage as in the related art, thereby significantly shortening the test time, and effectively improving the production line efficiency, achieving a beneficial balance between test efficiency and test accuracy at the industrial application end.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preprocessing device includes: a preprocessing box, at least one preprocessing transmission track and multiple exposure light sources; wherein the preprocessing box includes an entrance and an exit for the photovoltaic cell to be tested to pass through; the preprocessing transmission track is arranged at the bottom of the preprocessing box and connects the entrance and the exit of the preprocessing box; the preprocessing transmission track is configured to: carry the photovoltaic cell to be tested and transmit it from the entrance to the exit; multiple exposure light sources are arranged in the upper part of the preprocessing box and arranged along the extension direction of the preprocessing transmission track; the exposure light source is configured to: perform pre-exposure of the photovoltaic cell to be tested for a preset time.

[0010] In the above embodiments, the structural design of the pretreatment device enables it to achieve better production line practicality while realizing light bath treatment, that is, by setting an entrance, an exit and a pretreatment transmission track connecting the entrance and exit, the pretreatment device can be more conveniently matched and connected with the production transmission track on the relevant production line, so as to facilitate receiving the photovoltaic cells to be tested from the production line through the entrance and performing light bath treatment on them, and then transmitting the photovoltaic cells to be tested after the light bath treatment to the electrical testing device in time through the exit to continue the electrical testing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the pre-exposure time range includes: 30s-10min; wherein, the interval range between the exposure light source and the pre-processing transmission track includes: 0.3m-1m; the light intensity range of the exposure light source includes: 0.5sun-1sun; the spectral range of the exposure light source includes: 300nm-1200nm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the regulating gas includes: cooling gas; correspondingly, the pretreatment device also includes: multiple air vents, arranged at the bottom of the pretreatment box; the air vents are configured to: be connected to the ventilation device, so that the cooling gas can enter the pretreatment box, so as to regulate the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box to be within a preset range; wherein the preset range of ambient temperature includes: less than or equal to 35°C.

[0013] It can be understood that with the continuous opening of the exposure light source, the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box will rise rapidly, which may easily destroy the chemical bonds between the related anions and cations in the battery cell to be tested, and may further cause collateral damage to the battery cell to be tested. In the above embodiment, by setting a plurality of vents at the bottom of the pretreatment box, connected to the ventilation device, cooling gas is allowed to enter the pretreatment box, so as to control the amount of cooling gas introduced to more efficiently and accurately regulate the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box, so as to avoid damage to the battery cell to be tested caused by excessively high ambient temperature, and further ensure the accuracy of subsequent electrical tests.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pre-processing device further includes: a speed controller configured to: adjust the transmission speed of the pre-processing transmission track according to the duration of the pre-exposure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the pretreatment device also includes: a cooling device, which is arranged at a preset position at the outlet of the pretreatment box; the cooling device is configured to: perform a cooling treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment, wherein the temperature range of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the cooling treatment includes: 23°C - 27°C.

[0016] In the above embodiments, a cooling device for cooling the photovoltaic cell to be tested is arranged at a preset position at the outlet of the pretreatment box, so as to ensure that the temperature of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment is within a preset range, and further ensure the accuracy of subsequent electrical tests.

[0017] In some embodiments, the preprocessing device includes: at least two preprocessing transmission tracks; each preprocessing transmission track is used to arrange multiple photovoltaic cells to be tested; the electrical testing device includes: a test transmission track; correspondingly, the photovoltaic cell testing system also includes: a conversion device, which is arranged between the preprocessing device and the electrical testing device; the conversion device is configured to: connect each preprocessing transmission track with the test transmission track, and transfer the photovoltaic cells to be tested carried on each preprocessing transmission track to the test transmission track in an orderly manner.

[0018] In the above embodiments, at least two pre-treatment transmission tracks are provided in the pre-treatment device to increase the number of photovoltaic cells to be tested that are simultaneously subjected to light bath treatment; and a conversion device is provided between the pre-treatment device and the electrical testing device to orderly transfer the photovoltaic cells to be tested carried on each pre-treatment transmission track to the test transmission track. In this way, while effectively increasing the number of photovoltaic cells to be tested that are simultaneously subjected to light bath treatment, it is also ensured that the cells to be tested are orderly transferred to the electrical testing device, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequent electrical testing.

[0019] On the other hand, some embodiments of the present application also provide a photovoltaic cell testing method, which is applied to the photovoltaic cell testing system described in some of the aforementioned embodiments. The photovoltaic cell testing method also has the technical advantages possessed by the photovoltaic cell testing system described in some of the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. The photovoltaic cell testing method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Providing a photovoltaic cell to be tested, wherein the photovoltaic cell to be tested includes a stacked cell consisting of a perovskite top cell and a crystalline silicon bottom cell;

[0021] Performing a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested so that the migration of anions and cations in the perovskite top cell reaches a balanced state;

[0022] During the light bath treatment, cooling gas is introduced into the pretreatment device to adjust the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device;

[0023] An electrical test is performed on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment to obtain its electrical parameters.

[0024] In some embodiments, a light bath treatment is performed on the photovoltaic cell to be tested, including: pre-exposure of the photovoltaic cell to be tested for a preset time; wherein: the pre-exposure time range includes: 30s-10min; the light intensity range of the exposure light source includes: 0.5s-1sun; the spectral range of the exposure light source includes: 300nm-1200nm.

[0025] In some embodiments, the testing method further comprises:

[0026] The photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment is subjected to a cooling treatment; wherein the temperature range of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the cooling treatment includes: 23°C - 27°C.

[0027] As described above, the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell testing system and a photovoltaic cell testing method, which have the above advantages compared with the prior art and will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell testing system provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 A front view schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell testing system provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic top view of a photovoltaic cell testing system provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another photovoltaic cell testing system provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic top view of another photovoltaic cell testing system provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell testing method provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic flow chart of another photovoltaic cell testing method provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0036] Description of reference numerals:

[0037] 00-Photovoltaic cell test system; 10-Pretreatment device; 20-Ventilation device; 30-Electrical test device; 40-Conversion device;

[0038] 11-pretreatment box; 12-pretreatment transmission track; 13-exposure light source; 14-ventilation port; 15-cooling device; 31-test transmission track;

[0039] C0 - photovoltaic cell to be tested; C1 - the first photovoltaic cell to be tested; C2 - the second photovoltaic cell to be tested; C3 - the third photovoltaic cell to be tested. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0041] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] See also Figures 1 to 3 It is understood that some embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic cell testing system 00 for performing electrical testing on a photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested, and the photovoltaic cell testing system 00 includes: a pretreatment device 10, a ventilation device 20 and an electrical testing device 30; wherein the pretreatment device 10 is configured to: perform at least a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested, so that the ion migration in the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested reaches an equilibrium state; the ventilation device 20 is arranged at a preset position of the pretreatment device 10; the ventilation device 20 is configured to: introduce a regulating gas into the pretreatment device 10 to regulate the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device 10; the electrical testing device 30 is arranged at the process downstream of the pretreatment device 10 and is connected to the pretreatment device 10; the electrical testing device 30 is configured to: perform an electrical test on the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the light bath treatment, so as to obtain its electrical parameters.

[0047] After the preparation of the crystalline silicon / perovskite laminated photovoltaic cell, since the film layers composed of different components are newly formed in its structure, the related anions and cations are in a relatively active migration state, and the chemical bond between the anions and cations is weak, which makes the performance of the photovoltaic cell unstable, which is reflected in the electrical test, and the measured values ​​of the related electrical parameters fluctuate greatly. The "light bath treatment" referred to in the embodiments of the present application refers to: by applying a light source with a specific spectrum and light intensity to the photovoltaic cell to be tested, the photovoltaic cell to be tested is prompted to generate photogenerated carriers, thereby being activated, and driving the migration rate of the related anions and cations to accelerate to a relative equilibrium state, so that the performance of the photovoltaic cell is restored and remains stable. Based on this, it can be ensured that in the subsequent electrical tests, more accurate electrical parameter measurement results are obtained.

[0048] In some embodiments, the type of the crystalline silicon bottom cell in the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested includes: a PERC photovoltaic cell, a HJT (heterojunction) cell, a TOPCon cell or a BC cell.

[0049] In some embodiments, the number of photovoltaic cells C0 to be tested includes at least one.

[0050] In some embodiments, the electrical test may be performed on a single photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested; in other embodiments, the electrical test may be performed on a cell group including at least two photovoltaic cells C0 to be tested.

[0051] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include: one or more of: volt-ampere characteristic curve (I-V characteristic curve), open circuit voltage, short circuit current, optimal operating voltage, optimal operating current, maximum output power, conversion efficiency, fill factor, internal series resistance, and internal parallel resistance.

[0052] In some embodiments, the ventilation device 20 includes: a gas tank and a control valve; wherein the gas tank is used to store regulated gas; the control valve is used to introduce a preset amount of cooling gas into the pretreatment device 10 under manual operation of an operator or in response to a control instruction.

[0053] In some embodiments, regulating the gas includes cooling the gas.

[0054] In some embodiments, the cooling gas includes: compressed gas, which can reduce the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device 10 by absorbing heat through gasification; at the same time, by controlling the amount of compressed gas introduced, the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device 10 can be regulated to a certain extent.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cooling gas includes one or more of compressed argon, compressed nitrogen, compressed helium, and compressed neon.

[0056] In the above embodiment, a pretreatment device 10 is provided to perform a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested, so as to activate the relevant anions and cations in each component of the perovskite top cell and accelerate their migration rate to achieve an equilibrium state. In this way, the chemical bonds between the anions and cations can maintain a strong force, thereby stabilizing the physical and chemical properties of the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested; cooling gas is introduced into the pretreatment device 10 through the ventilation device 20 to facilitate regulating the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device 10 during the light pretreatment, so as to avoid excessively high ambient temperature in the pretreatment device 10 due to the light bath treatment, which may cause collateral damage to the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested (especially the temperature-sensitive perovskite top cell). Based on this, the electrical testing device 30 connected to the pretreatment device 10 continues to perform electrical testing on the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the light bath treatment, so as to accurately obtain relevant electrical parameters, and there is no need to perform long-term exposure processing during the electrical testing stage as in the related art, thereby significantly shortening the test time, and then effectively improving the production line efficiency, and achieving a beneficial balance between test efficiency and test accuracy at the industrial application end.

[0057] In some embodiments, the pretreatment device 10 includes: a pretreatment box 11, at least one pretreatment transmission track 12 and a plurality of exposure light sources 13; wherein the pretreatment box 11 includes an entrance and an exit for the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested to pass through; the pretreatment transmission track 12 is arranged at the bottom of the pretreatment box 11 and connects the entrance and the exit of the pretreatment box 11; the pretreatment transmission track 12 is configured to: carry the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested and transmit it from the entrance to the exit; a plurality of exposure light sources 13 are arranged at the upper part of the pretreatment box 11 and are arranged along the extension direction of the pretreatment transmission track 12; the exposure light source 13 is configured to: perform pre-exposure of a preset time length on the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested.

[0058] In some embodiments, the pretreatment box 11 can be movably configured in the production line. The entrance of the pretreatment box 11 can receive the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested from the production line, and the exit of the pretreatment box 11 is for the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the light bath treatment to pass through, so that the pretreatment needs in actual production can be flexibly responded to.

[0059] In some embodiments, the pre-processing transfer track 12 can be matched and docked with the production transfer track in the main production line to facilitate smooth reception of the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested from the production line.

[0060] In some embodiments, the pre-processing transfer track 12 includes one or more of a sliding guide rail, a bearing guide rail, a roller guide rail, and a conveyor belt.

[0061] In some embodiments, the exposure light source 13 includes one or more of an incandescent lamp, a halogen lamp, a tungsten-halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, and an LED lamp.

[0062] In some embodiments, the number of exposure light sources 13 includes: 1-100; illustratively, the number of exposure light sources 13 includes: 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 or 100.

[0063] In some embodiments, multiple exposure light sources 13 are arranged along the extension direction of the preprocessing transfer track 12. For example, the arrangement area of ​​the multiple exposure light sources 13 overlaps with the preprocessing transfer track 12 in the positive projection at the bottom of the preprocessing box 11, so as to maximize the utilization of the exposure light sources 13.

[0064] In some embodiments, the pre-exposure duration range includes: 30s-10min; illustratively, the pre-exposure duration includes: 30s, 40s, 50s, 1min, 2min, 5min, 7min, 9min or 10min.

[0065] In some embodiments, the preprocessing device 10 further includes: a speed controller configured to: adjust the transmission speed of the preprocessing transmission track 12 according to the pre-exposure duration; so as to ensure that each photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested meets the aforementioned pre-exposure duration requirement.

[0066] In some embodiments, the interval H1 between the exposure light source 13 and the pre-processing transfer track 12 ranges from 0.3m to 1m; illustratively, the interval H1 between the exposure light source 13 and the pre-processing transfer track 12 includes: 0.3m, 0.4m, 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.8m, 0.9m or 1m.

[0067] In some embodiments, the light intensity range of the exposure light source 13 includes: 0.5 sun-1 sun; illustratively, the light intensity of the exposure light source 13 includes: 0.5 sun, 0.6 sun, 0.7 sun, 0.8 sun, 0.9 sun or 1 sun.

[0068] In some embodiments, the spectrum range of the exposure light source 13 includes: 300nm-1200nm; illustratively, the spectrum of the exposure light source 13 includes: 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 800nm, 1000nm or 1200nm.

[0069] In the above embodiments, the structural design of the pretreatment device 10 enables it to achieve better applicability to production lines while realizing photothermal treatment, that is, by setting an entrance, an exit and a pretreatment transmission track 12 connecting the entrance and the exit, the pretreatment device 10 can be more conveniently matched and docked with the production transmission track on the existing production line, so as to facilitate receiving the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested from the production line through the entrance and photothermal treatment thereof, and then timely transmitting the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the photothermal treatment to the electrical testing device 30 through the exit to continue the electrical testing.

[0070] In some embodiments, the regulating gas includes cooling gas; correspondingly, the pretreatment device 10 further includes a plurality of vents 14 disposed at the bottom of the pretreatment box 11; the vents 14 are configured to communicate with the ventilation device 20 for cooling gas to enter the pretreatment box 11, so as to adjust the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box 11 to be within a preset range; wherein the preset range of ambient temperature includes less than or equal to 35°C. For example, the ambient temperature includes 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C or 35°C.

[0071] It can be understood that as the exposure light source 13 is continuously turned on, the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box 11 will rise rapidly, which may easily destroy the chemical bonds between the related anions and cations in the battery cell to be tested, and may further cause collateral damage to the battery cell to be tested C0. In the above embodiment, by providing a plurality of vents 14 at the bottom of the pretreatment box 11, cooling gas is passed into the pretreatment box 11, so that the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box 11 can be regulated, so as to avoid damage to the battery cell to be tested C0 caused by excessively high ambient temperature, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of subsequent electrical tests.

[0072] In some embodiments, the pretreatment device 10 also includes: a cooling device 15, which is arranged at a preset position at the exit of the pretreatment box 11; the cooling device 15 is configured to: perform a cooling treatment on the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the light bath treatment, wherein the temperature range of the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the cooling treatment includes: 23°C - 27°C.

[0073] In some embodiments, the cooling device 15 is disposed near the outlet end of the pre-processing transfer track 12 ; in other embodiments, the cooling device 15 is disposed at the bottom of the pre-processing box 11 and at least partially surrounds the pre-processing transfer track 12 .

[0074] In some embodiments, the cooling device 15 includes: a liquid cooling device, an air cooling device, or a heat pipe device.

[0075] In some embodiments, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the cooling treatment includes: 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C or 27°C.

[0076] In the above embodiments, a cooling device 15 for cooling the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested is arranged at a preset position at the outlet of the pretreatment box 11, so as to ensure that the temperature of the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested after the light bath treatment is within a preset range, and further ensure the accuracy of subsequent electrical tests.

[0077] In some embodiments, the preprocessing device 10 includes: at least two preprocessing transmission tracks 12; each preprocessing transmission track 12 is used to arrange multiple photovoltaic cells C0 to be tested; the electrical testing device 30 includes: a test transmission track 31; correspondingly, the photovoltaic cell testing system 00 also includes: a conversion device 40, which is arranged between the preprocessing device 10 and the electrical testing device 30; the conversion device 40 is configured to: connect each preprocessing transmission track 12 with the test transmission track 31, and transfer the photovoltaic cells C0 to be tested carried on each preprocessing transmission track 12 in an orderly manner to the test transmission track 31.

[0078] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 It is understood that some of the following embodiments are described by taking the preprocessing device 10 including three preprocessing transmission tracks 12; and the electrical testing device 30 including a test transmission track 31 as an example; wherein the photovoltaic cell to be tested from the first preprocessing transmission track 12 is identified as C1; the photovoltaic cell to be tested from the second preprocessing transmission track 12 is identified as C2; and the photovoltaic cell to be tested from the third preprocessing transmission track 12 is identified as C3.

[0079] In some embodiments, the conversion device 40 connects the three pre-processing transmission tracks 12 to the test transmission track 31, and by adjusting the transmission speed and transmission trajectory at the end of each pre-processing transmission track 12, the arrangement order of each photovoltaic cell to be tested is adjusted in an orderly manner, for example, the first photovoltaic cell C1 to be tested is arranged at the first position, the second photovoltaic cell C2 to be tested is arranged at the second position, and the third photovoltaic cell C3 to be tested is arranged at the third position. It should be noted that the above setting of the arrangement order is only used as an example, and the order adjustment that can be achieved in this application is not limited to this. For example, it is also possible to arrange the first photovoltaic cell C1 to be tested at the third position, the second photovoltaic cell C2 to be tested is arranged at the second position, and the third photovoltaic cell C3 to be tested is arranged at the first position.

[0080] In some embodiments, the conversion device 40 includes one or more of a sliding guide rail, a bearing guide rail, a roller guide rail, and a conveyor belt.

[0081] In some embodiments, the test transport track 31 includes one or more of a sliding guide rail, a bearing guide rail, a roller guide rail, and a conveyor belt.

[0082] In the above embodiment, at least two pre-treatment transmission tracks 12 are provided in the pre-treatment device 10 to increase the number of photovoltaic cells to be tested that are simultaneously subjected to light bath treatment; and a conversion device 40 is provided between the pre-treatment device 10 and the electrical testing device 30 to orderly transfer the photovoltaic cells to be tested carried on each pre-treatment transmission track 12 to the test transmission track 31. In this way, while effectively increasing the number of photovoltaic cells to be tested that are simultaneously subjected to light bath treatment, it is also ensured that the cells to be tested are orderly transferred to the electrical testing device 30, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequent electrical testing.

[0083] On the other hand, some embodiments of the present application also provide a photovoltaic cell testing method, which is applied to the photovoltaic cell testing system 00 described in some of the aforementioned embodiments. The technical advantages possessed by the photovoltaic cell testing system 00 described in some of the aforementioned embodiments are also possessed by the photovoltaic cell testing method, which will not be repeated here.

[0084] See also Figure 6 , the photovoltaic cell testing method comprises the following steps:

[0085] S10, providing a photovoltaic cell to be tested, wherein the photovoltaic cell to be tested includes a stacked cell consisting of a perovskite top cell and a crystalline silicon bottom cell;

[0086] S20, performing a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested, so that the migration of anions and cations in the perovskite top cell reaches a balanced state;

[0087] S30, during the light bath treatment, introducing a regulating gas into the pretreatment device to adjust the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device;

[0088] S40, performing electrical test on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment to obtain its electrical parameters.

[0089] In step S10, the type of the crystalline silicon bottom cell in the photovoltaic cell to be tested includes: a PERC photovoltaic cell, an HJT (heterojunction) cell, a TOPCon cell or a BC cell.

[0090] In some embodiments, the number of photovoltaic cells to be tested includes at least one.

[0091] In some embodiments, the electrical test may be performed on a single photovoltaic cell to be tested; in other embodiments, the electrical test may be performed on a cell group consisting of at least two photovoltaic cells to be tested.

[0092] In step S20, a light bath treatment is performed on the photovoltaic cell to be tested, so that the ion migration in the photovoltaic cell to be tested reaches a balanced state.

[0093] Here, the "light bath treatment" refers to: by applying a light source with a specific spectrum and light intensity to the photovoltaic cell to be tested, the photovoltaic cell to be tested is prompted to generate photogenerated carriers, thereby being activated, and driving the migration rate of related anions and cations to accelerate to a relative equilibrium state, thereby restoring the performance of the photovoltaic cell and maintaining stability.

[0094] In some embodiments, performing a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested includes: performing a pre-exposure of the photovoltaic cell to be tested for a preset time.

[0095] Please combine the following Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is understood that, in some embodiments, the light bath treatment is performed in the pretreatment device 10 provided in some of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein, in some embodiments, the exposure light source 13 includes: one or more of: an incandescent lamp, a halogen lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a xenon lamp and an LED lamp.

[0096] In some embodiments, the number of exposure light sources 13 includes: 1-100; illustratively, the number of exposure light sources 13 includes: 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 or 100.

[0097] In some embodiments, the interval H1 between the exposure light source 13 and the pre-processing transfer track 12 ranges from 0.3m to 1m; illustratively, the interval H1 between the exposure light source 13 and the pre-processing transfer track 12 includes: 0.3m, 0.4m, 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.8m, 0.9m or 1m.

[0098] In some embodiments, the pre-exposure duration range includes: 30s-10min; illustratively, the pre-exposure duration includes: 30s, 40s, 50s, 1min, 2min, 5min, 7min, 9min or 10min.

[0099] In some embodiments, the light intensity range of the exposure light source 13 includes: 0.5 sun-1 sun; illustratively, the light intensity of the exposure light source 13 includes: 0.5 sun, 0.6 sun, 0.7 sun, 0.8 sun, 0.9 sun or 1 sun.

[0100] In some embodiments, the spectrum range of the exposure light source 13 includes: 300nm-1200nm; illustratively, the spectrum of the exposure light source 13 includes: 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 800nm, 1000nm or 1200nm.

[0101] In step S30 , during the light bath treatment, a regulating gas is introduced into the pre-treatment device to adjust the ambient temperature in the pre-treatment device.

[0102] In some embodiments, regulating the gas includes cooling the gas.

[0103] In some embodiments, the cooling gas includes: compressed gas, which can reduce the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device by absorbing heat through gasification; at the same time, by controlling the amount of compressed gas introduced, the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device can be regulated to a certain extent.

[0104] In some embodiments, the cooling gas includes one or more of compressed argon, compressed nitrogen, compressed helium, and compressed neon.

[0105] It can be understood that as the exposure light source is continuously turned on, the ambient temperature of the pretreatment device will rise rapidly, which may easily destroy the chemical bonds between the related anions and cations in the cell to be tested, and may further cause collateral damage to the cell to be tested. In the above embodiment, by introducing cooling gas into the pretreatment device, the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device can be regulated to avoid damage to the cell to be tested due to excessively high ambient temperature, and to perform cooling treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment, so as to further ensure the accuracy of subsequent electrical tests.

[0106] In step S40, electrical test is performed on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment to obtain its electrical parameters.

[0107] In some embodiments, the electrical testing device 30 provided in some of the aforementioned embodiments is used to perform electrical testing on the photovoltaic cell to be tested.

[0108] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include: one or more of: volt-ampere characteristic curve (I-V characteristic curve), open circuit voltage, short circuit current, optimal operating voltage, optimal operating current, maximum output power, conversion efficiency, fill factor, internal series resistance, and internal parallel resistance.

[0109] In some embodiments, the duration of the electrical test ranges from 1 s to 3 s; illustratively, the duration of the electrical test ranges from 1 s to 3 s.

[0110] In the above embodiment, by performing a light bath treatment for a preset time on the photovoltaic cell to be tested, the relevant anions and cations in each component of the perovskite top cell are activated and their migration rate is accelerated to reach an equilibrium state. In this way, the chemical bonds between the anions and cations can maintain a strong force, so that the physical and chemical properties of the photovoltaic cell to be tested are stabilized; by introducing cooling gas into the pretreatment device, it is convenient to regulate the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device during the light pretreatment, so as to avoid excessive ambient temperature in the pretreatment device due to the light bath treatment, and cause collateral damage to the photovoltaic cell to be tested (especially the temperature-sensitive perovskite top cell). Based on this, the electrical test of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment is continued, and the relevant electrical parameters can be accurately obtained, and there is no need to perform long-term exposure treatment in the electrical test stage as in the related art, thereby significantly shortening the test time, thereby effectively improving the production line efficiency, and achieving a beneficial balance between the test efficiency and test accuracy at the industrial application end.

[0111] See also Figure 7 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell testing method further comprises:

[0112] S31, performing a cooling process on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath process; wherein the temperature range of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the cooling process includes: 23°C - 27°C.

[0113] In some embodiments, a cooling device is used to cool the photovoltaic cell to be tested, and the cooling device includes: a liquid cooling device, an air cooling device, or a heat pipe device.

[0114] In some embodiments, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the cooling treatment includes: 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C or 27°C.

[0115] In some of the following embodiments, the inventors of this case also conducted comparative tests on the photovoltaic cell testing device and photovoltaic cell testing method used in the related art and the photovoltaic cell testing device and photovoltaic cell testing method provided in this application. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1: I-V characteristic curves of the photovoltaic cell to be tested measured using the relevant technical solutions and the solution of this application

[0117] Test items (I-V characteristic curve) Related technical solutions This application plan Photovoltaic cell test time (s) 98s 1.2s Photovoltaic cell second test time (s) 151s 1.8s Hourly testing volume (pieces / hour) 60 tablets 3000 pieces

[0118] In the above-mentioned control test, the relevant technical solution and the solution of the present application were respectively used to carry out single electrical parameter tests on two groups of photovoltaic cells, that is, the two different types of photovoltaic cells to be tested were subjected to electrical tests of the same target electrical parameters (such as I-V characteristic curves), and the relevant test time was recorded; and the hourly detection volume was separately counted, and the relevant data records are shown in Table 1.

[0119] Please refer to Table 1, and use the relevant technical solution and the solution of this application to measure the IV characteristic curves of photovoltaic cell piece 1 (for example, a stacked cell composed of a perovskite top cell and a TOPCon bottom cell) and photovoltaic cell piece 2 (for example, a stacked cell composed of a perovskite top cell and a HJT bottom cell). Among them, the relevant technical solution adopts a steady-state test method, that is, a steady-state light source is used to expose and test the cell to be tested. According to the test results, the test time of photovoltaic cell piece 1 is 98s, and the test time of photovoltaic cell piece 2 is 151s, and the detection volume per hour is 60 pieces / hour.

[0120] By adopting the photovoltaic cell testing system and detection method provided by this application, the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested is first subjected to a light bath treatment to ensure that the migration of anions and cations inside the photovoltaic cell C0 to be tested has reached a state of equilibrium, and then the I-V characteristic curve test is performed. According to the test results: the test of photovoltaic cell one only takes 1.2 seconds, and photovoltaic cell two only takes 1.8 seconds, with an hourly detection volume of up to 3,000 pieces / hour. It can be seen that the test capacity can be increased from the original 60 pieces / hour to 3,000 pieces / hour, which is more suitable for the mass production of stacked batteries.

[0121] Based on the results of the above control tests, the steady-state test method used in the relevant technology still has a large disadvantage in test efficiency and cannot meet the electrical test requirements for the industrialization of new photovoltaic cells, including crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cells. The solution provided in this application shows excellent test efficiency in both single-cell testing and batch continuous testing (for example, testing the number of cells in one hour), which has positive significance for promoting the industrialization of crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cells.

[0122] The above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell testing system for performing electrical testing on a photovoltaic cell to be tested, wherein the photovoltaic cell to be tested comprises a stacked cell consisting of a perovskite top cell and a crystalline silicon bottom cell, characterized in that: The test system comprises: A pre-treatment device is configured to: perform at least a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested, so that the migration of anions and cations in the perovskite top cell reaches a balanced state; A ventilation device is arranged at a preset position of the pre-treatment device; the ventilation device is configured to: introduce a regulated gas into the pre-treatment device to adjust the ambient temperature in the pre-treatment device; The electrical testing device is arranged downstream of the pretreatment device and connected to the pretreatment device; the electrical testing device is configured to perform electrical testing on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment to obtain its electrical parameters.

2. The photovoltaic cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-processing device comprises: A pre-processing box, the pre-processing box comprising an inlet and an outlet for the photovoltaic cell to be tested to pass through; At least one pre-processing transfer track is arranged at the bottom of the pre-processing box and connects the entrance and the exit of the pre-processing box; the pre-processing transfer track is configured to: carry the photovoltaic cell to be tested and transfer it from the entrance to the exit; A plurality of exposure light sources are arranged in the upper part of the pre-processing box and along the extension direction of the pre-processing transmission track; the exposure light sources are configured to perform pre-exposure of a preset time length on the photovoltaic cell to be tested.

3. The photovoltaic cell testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The duration of the pre-exposure includes: 30s-10min; wherein, The interval between the exposure light source and the pre-processing transmission track ranges from 0.3m to 1m; The light intensity range of the exposure light source includes: 0.5 sun - 1 sun; The spectral range of the exposure light source includes: 300nm-1200nm.

4. The photovoltaic cell testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating gas includes: cooling gas; correspondingly, the pre-processing device also includes: A plurality of vents are provided at the bottom of the pretreatment box; the vents are configured to communicate with the ventilation device to allow the cooling gas to flow into the pretreatment box so as to adjust the ambient temperature in the pretreatment box to be within a preset range; wherein, The preset range of the ambient temperature includes: less than or equal to 35°C.

5. The photovoltaic cell testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pre-processing device further includes: a speed controller; the speed controller is configured to: adjust the transmission speed of the pre-processing transmission track according to the duration of the pre-exposure.

6. The photovoltaic cell testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-processing device also includes: A cooling device is arranged at a preset position at the outlet of the pretreatment box; the cooling device is configured to: perform a temperature reduction treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment; wherein the temperature range of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the temperature reduction treatment includes: 23°C - 27°C.

7. The photovoltaic cell testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-processing device comprises: at least two pre-processing transmission tracks; each pre-processing transmission track is used to arrange a plurality of photovoltaic cells to be tested; the electrical testing device comprises: a testing transmission track; Correspondingly, The photovoltaic cell testing system also includes: a conversion device, which is arranged between the pretreatment device and the electrical testing device; the conversion device is configured to: connect each of the pretreatment transmission tracks with the test transmission track, and transfer the photovoltaic cells to be tested carried on each of the pretreatment transmission tracks to the test transmission track in an orderly manner.

8. A photovoltaic cell testing method, applied to the photovoltaic cell testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Providing a photovoltaic cell to be tested, wherein the photovoltaic cell to be tested includes a perovskite top cell and a crystalline silicon bottom cell; Performing a light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested so that the migration of anions and cations in the perovskite top cell reaches a balanced state; During the light bath treatment, a regulating gas is introduced into the pretreatment device to adjust the ambient temperature in the pretreatment device; An electrical test is performed on the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the light bath treatment to obtain its electrical parameters.

9. The photovoltaic cell testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The performing of light bath treatment on the photovoltaic cell to be tested comprises: performing pre-exposure of the photovoltaic cell to be tested for a preset time; wherein: The duration of pre-exposure ranges from 30s to 10min. The light intensity range of the exposure light source includes: 0.5sun-1sun; The spectral range of the exposure light source includes: 300nm-1200nm.

10. The photovoltaic cell testing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The test method also includes: The photovoltaic cell to be tested is subjected to a cooling treatment after the light bath treatment. The temperature range of the photovoltaic cell to be tested after the cooling treatment includes: 23°C - 27°C.

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