Dual-polarized antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a dual-polarized antenna and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The dual-polarized antenna comprises a radiation structure, a first feeder line, a second feeder line, a first phase shift structure, a second phase shift structure and a third phase shift structure, the first phase shifting structure is electrically connected with the radiation structure through the first feeder line, the second phase shifting structure is electrically connected with the radiation structure through the second feeder line, and the feeding directions of the first feeder line and the second feeder line are different; wherein the first phase shifting structure and the second phase shifting structure are also electrically connected with the third phase shifting structure; the first phase shifting structure and the second phase shifting structure are located on different layers from the third phase shifting structure, and the maximum phase shifting degree of the first phase shifting structure and the maximum phase shifting degree of the second phase shifting structure are both smaller than the maximum phase shifting degree of the third phase shifting structure.

Description

Dual-polarization antennas and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, and particularly relates to a dual-polarization antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] As a key antenna component, the phase shifter can be thought of as a delay line. If a tunable dielectric material replaces the traditional solid substrate, a phase-variable phase shifter can be achieved. Liquid crystal serves as a tunable dielectric material here. A liquid crystal phase shifter is a type of phase-variable phase shifter. By applying a voltage to the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal phase shifter, overlapping capacitance is formed, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material and altering the phase constant of the electromagnetic wave in the device. Ultimately, the phase shift is adjusted, thereby enabling the antenna device's wavenumber scanning function.

[0003] In fields such as satellite communications, dual-polarization antennas are often required. Existing liquid crystal antennas require two corresponding 360° phase shifters to be designed under the same antenna to achieve dual polarization. However, due to limited design space and mutual coupling between the phase shifters, it is difficult to arrange the two phase shifters.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art and provides a dual-polarized antenna and an electronic device.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dual-polarized antenna, comprising: a radiating structure, a first feed line, a second feed line, a first phase-shifting structure, a second phase-shifting structure, and a third phase-shifting structure;

[0007] The first phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure via the first feeder, the second phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure via the second feeder, and the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions;

[0008] The first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both electrically connected to the third phase-shifting structure; the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both located in different layers from the third phase-shifting structure, and their maximum phase shift degrees are both smaller than the maximum phase shift degree of the third phase-shifting structure.

[0009] The third phase shifting structure includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer located on a side of the first dielectric substrate close to the first adjustable dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer located on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the first adjustable dielectric layer.

[0010] The first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both located on a side of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate.

[0011] The first phase shifting structure is a fixed phase shifter, and the second phase shifting structure is a phase adjustable phase shifter.

[0012] The second phase shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer arranged on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate close to the third dielectric substrate.

[0013] The third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0014] The positional relationship between the second phase-shifting structure and the first phase-shifting structure includes any one of the following:

[0015] The second phase-shifting structure is located between the third dielectric substrate of the first phase-shifting structure and the third phase-shifting structure;

[0016] The second phase-shifting structure is located on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate of the first phase-shifting structure facing away from the third dielectric substrate;

[0017] The second phase-shifting structure is provided on the same layer as the third electrode of the first phase-shifting structure;

[0018] The second phase-shifting structure is provided on the same layer as the fourth electrode of the first phase-shifting structure.

[0019] Wherein, the first phase-shifting structure is a phase delay line.

[0020] The phase delay line and the first feeder are arranged on the same layer.

[0021] The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase shifter is 180°.

[0022] The first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both fixed-phase phase shifters, and the phase shift degrees of the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are different.

[0023] The third phase-shifting structure, the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are stacked in sequence; or the third phase-shifting structure, the second phase-shifting structure and the first phase-shifting structure are stacked in sequence.

[0024] The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the phase shift of the second phase shifter is 180°.

[0025] Wherein, the first phase shifting structure and the second phase shifting structure are both fixed phase shifters.

[0026] The first phase shifting structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate close to the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer arranged on a side of the sixth dielectric substrate close to the fifth dielectric substrate.

[0027] The second phase shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer arranged on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate close to the third dielectric substrate;

[0028] The third dielectric substrate and the fifth dielectric substrate are an integral structure, the fourth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate are an integral structure, and the second adjustable dielectric and the third adjustable dielectric layer are an integral structure; the third electrode layer and the fifth electrode layer are arranged on the same layer, and the fourth electrode layer and the sixth electrode layer are arranged on the same layer;

[0029] The third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0030] The first phase shifting structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate close to the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer arranged on a side of the sixth dielectric substrate close to the fifth dielectric substrate.

[0031] The second phase shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer arranged on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate close to the third dielectric substrate;

[0032] The fifth dielectric substrate is located on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate facing away from the third dielectric substrate, and the third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate; alternatively, the third dielectric substrate is located on a side of the sixth dielectric substrate facing away from the fifth dielectric substrate, and the third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate facing away from the sixth dielectric substrate.

[0033] The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the maximum phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase shifter is 90°.

[0034] The dual-polarized antenna further includes a feeding structure, and the feeding structure is electrically connected to the first phase-shifting structure.

[0035] Wherein, the radiation structure is a radiation patch.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, which includes any of the dual-polarized antennas described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a third phase shift structure in a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG4 is a first cross-sectional view of a first exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG5 is a second cross-sectional view of the first exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG6 is a third cross-sectional view of the first exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG7 is a fourth cross-sectional view of the first exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG9 is a first cross-sectional view of a second exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG10 is a second cross-sectional view of a second exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG11 is a third cross-sectional view of the second exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG13 is a first cross-sectional view of a third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG14 is a second cross-sectional view of the third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG15 is a third cross-sectional view of a third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG16 is a fourth cross-sectional view of the third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "an" or "the" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0055] In a first aspect, FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG1 , an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dual-polarized antenna, comprising a radiating structure 4, a first feeder line 51, a second feeder line 52, a first phase-shifting structure 2, a second phase-shifting structure 3, and a third phase-shifting structure 1. The first phase-shifting structure 2 is electrically connected to the radiating structure 4 via the first feeder line 51, the second phase-shifting structure 3 is electrically connected to the radiating structure 4 via the second feeder line 52, and the first feeder structure 6 and the second feeder structure 6 are also connected to the third phase-shifting structure 1. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are located on different layers from the third phase-shifting structure 1, and the maximum phase shift of each of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is less than the maximum phase shift of the third phase-shifting structure 1.

[0056] It should be noted that the dual-polarized antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes not only the above structure, but also a feeding structure 6, which is electrically connected to the third phase shifting structure 1. The dual-polarized antenna can be a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna, and of course can also be a transceiver antenna.

[0057] When the dual-polarized antenna transmits electromagnetic waves, the feeding structure 6 feeds the electromagnetic waves into the third phase-shifting structure 1, which phase-shifts the microwave signal. The phase-shifted microwave signal is then fed into the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3. The first phase-shifting structure 2 feeds the electromagnetic waves into the radiating structure 4 via the first feed line 51, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 feeds the electromagnetic waves into the radiating structure 4 via the second feed line 52. Because the first feed line 51 and the second feed line 52 have different feeding directions, electromagnetic waves with two linear polarization directions can be synthesized. Simultaneously, the waveform of the synthesized electromagnetic wave can be switched by controlling the phase shift degrees of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3.

[0058] When the dual-polarized antenna receives electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves received by the radiating structure 4 are decomposed into two linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. One is transmitted to the first phase-shifting structure 2 via the first feeder 51, and the other is transmitted to the second phase-shifting structure 3 via the second feeder 52. The electromagnetic waves transmitted by the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are synthesized, phase-shifted by the third phase-shifting unit, and then transmitted to the feeding structure 6. Simultaneously, the waveform of the synthesized electromagnetic wave can be switched by controlling the phase shift degrees of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3.

[0059] In the disclosed embodiment, the third phase-shifting structure 1 is a phase-adjustable phase shifter with a maximum phase shift of 360°, while the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be either phase-adjustable or fixed-phase phase shifters. For example, when a dual-polarized antenna is operating, the phase shifts of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be controlled to differ by 90°. This means that the electromagnetic wave after phase shifting by the first phase-shifting structure 2 will advance or lag by 90° compared to the electromagnetic wave after phase shifting by the second phase-shifting structure 3. At this point, the two linearly polarized waves are combined into circular polarization, thereby achieving adjustable polarization direction of the circular polarization.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the maximum phase shift of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are both smaller than the phase shift of the third phase-shifting structure 1, that is, the size of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is smaller than the size of the third phase-shifting structure 1, the space occupied by the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is also relatively small, thereby facilitating the implementation of a dual-polarized antenna.

[0061] In some examples, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the third phase-shifting structure 1 in the dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the third phase-shifting structure 1 includes a first dielectric substrate 11 and a second dielectric substrate 12 disposed opposite each other, a first tunable dielectric layer 13 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 11 and the second dielectric substrate 12, a first electrode layer 14 disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 11 proximate to the first tunable dielectric layer 13, and a second electrode layer 15 disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 proximate to the first tunable dielectric layer 13. The first tunable dielectric layer is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 14 and the second electrode layer 15 on the first dielectric substrate 11. Consequently, when a bias voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 14 and the second electrode layer 15, forming an electric field therebetween, the dielectric constant of the first tunable dielectric layer changes, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal. The first phase-shifting structure 2, the second phase-shifting structure 3, and the radiating structure 4 can all be disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11.

[0062] Specifically, the third phase-shifting structure 1 can be a liquid crystal phase shifter, i.e., the first tunable dielectric layer 13 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the first tunable dielectric layer 13 in the disclosed embodiment is not limited to being composed of liquid crystal molecules; any material capable of changing its dielectric constant under the action of an electric field can be used as the material for the first tunable dielectric layer 13 in the disclosed embodiment.

[0063] The first electrode layer 14 may include a signal electrode, and the second electrode layer 15 may include multiple patch electrodes arranged side by side along the extension direction of the signal electrode, with each patch electrode overlapping the orthographic projection of the signal electrode on the first dielectric substrate 11. In this case, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are combined and electrically connected to one end of the signal electrode, while the other end of the signal electrode is electrically connected to the feed structure 6. It should be noted that the first electrode layer 14 being a signal electrode and the second electrode layer 15 being a patch electrode is merely an exemplary structure. In actual products, the first electrode layer 14 may also be any transmission line structure, such as a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, which is not enumerated here.

[0064] In the disclosed embodiment, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be arranged in the same layer or in a stacked layer. The following describes the dual-polarized antenna according to the disclosed embodiment using several specific examples. It should also be noted that, while the following uses the dual-polarized antenna to achieve circular polarization as an example, the dual-polarized antenna according to the disclosed embodiment is not limited to achieving circular polarization. It should be understood that other directional designs can also be achieved by controlling the phase shifting degrees of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3.

[0065] Example 1: Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna according to the first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 is a first cross-sectional view of the dual-polarized antenna according to the first example of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, in this example, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are both stacked with the third phase-shifting structure 1, with the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 being arranged on the same layer. The feed structure 6 is located on the side of the third phase-shifting structure 1 facing away from the first phase-shifting structure 2 / the second phase-shifting structure 3. The first phase-shifting structure 2 is a fixed-phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a phase-adjustable phase shifter. For example, the first phase-shifting structure 2 is a 90° fixed-phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 has a maximum phase shift of 180°. Specifically, the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a 0° / 180° phase-adjustable phase shifter. In this case, by controlling the phase of the second phase-shifting structure 3 to 0° or 180°, circular polarization can be adjusted, thereby achieving left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization.

[0066] It should be noted that the so-called first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 being arranged in the same layer means that part of their film layers are arranged in the same layer or each film layer is arranged in the same layer.

[0067] Specifically, the second phase shifter structure 3 may include a third dielectric substrate 31 and a fourth dielectric substrate 32 disposed opposite each other, a second tunable dielectric layer 33 disposed between the third and fourth dielectric substrates 31, 32, a third electrode layer 34 disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 31 proximate to the second tunable dielectric layer 33, and a fourth electrode layer 35 disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 proximate to the second tunable dielectric layer 33. The second tunable dielectric layer 33 is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the third and fourth electrode layers 34, 35 on the third dielectric substrate 31. Consequently, when a bias voltage is applied to the third and fourth electrode layers 34, 35, forming an electric field therebetween, the dielectric constant of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 changes, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0068] The second phase shifter structure 3 can be a liquid crystal phase shifter, that is, the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is not limited to liquid crystal molecules. Any material that can change the dielectric constant under the action of an electric field can be used as the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] The third electrode layer 34 may have the same structure as the first electrode layer 14 described above, that is, the third electrode layer 34 may include a signal electrode, and the fourth electrode layer 35 may have the same structure as the second electrode layer 15 described above, that is, the fourth electrode layer 35 may include a plurality of patch electrodes arranged side by side along the extension direction of the signal electrode, and each patch electrode overlaps with the orthographic projection of the signal electrode on the first dielectric substrate 11.

[0070] Furthermore, the first phase-shifting structure 2 can specifically be a delay line 21, which can be disposed on the third dielectric or on the fourth dielectric substrate 32. For example, the delay line is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31 and co-located with the third electrode layer 34. When the third electrode layer 34 serves as a signal electrode, one end of the delay line 21 is connected to the first feeder 51, and the other end is directly connected to the signal electrode serving as the third electrode layer 34. This effectively combines the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3, and the combined first and second phase-shifting structures 2 and 3 are also electrically connected to the third phase-shifting structure 1.

[0071] Furthermore, when the third phase shifter structure 1 employs the aforementioned liquid crystal phase shifter, the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase shifter structure 3 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11. The signal electrode of the second phase shifter structure 3 is connected to the delay line 21 of the first phase shifter structure 2. In this case, the connection location between the two can be coupled to the signal electrode of the third phase shifter structure 1. Alternatively, a transfer structure 71 can be provided between the third dielectric substrate 31 and the second dielectric substrate 12. In this case, the signal electrode of the second phase shifter structure 3 is connected to the delay line 21 of the first phase shifter structure 2, and then connected to the transfer structure 71 through a via hole penetrating the third dielectric substrate 31. The transfer structure 71 is then connected to the signal electrode of the third phase shifter structure 1 through a via hole penetrating the second dielectric substrate 12.

[0072] 5 is a second cross-sectional view of the first exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG5 , the transfer structure 71 may be formed as a transfer electrode between the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 31. Alternatively, the transfer structure 71 may be formed on a transfer substrate 70, and a transfer substrate 70 may be formed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate 31.

[0073] In some examples, FIG6 is a third cross-sectional view of the first example of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG6 , in this example, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 may also be arranged in layers. The first phase-shifting structure 2 may be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, or the second phase-shifting structure 3 may be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2. FIG6 only uses the example of the first phase-shifting structure 2 being closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3. In this case, the delay line of the first phase-shifting structure 2 may be arranged between the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 31. Of course, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 may also be arranged on a separate dielectric substrate.

[0074] In this example, Figure 7 is a fourth cross-sectional view of the dual-polarized antenna of the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in Figure 7, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 can be reused as the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3. In this case, the second phase-shifting structure 3 and the third phase-shifting structure 1 only require three layers of dielectric substrates, which helps to achieve a lightweight and thin antenna.

[0075] In this example, the radiating structure 4 can be a radiating patch, which can be disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31 and / or the fourth dielectric substrate 32. For example, the radiating patch is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31, and the first and second feed lines 51, 52 are also disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31. Furthermore, the radiating patch, the first and second feed lines 51, 52, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and the signal electrode of the second phase-shifting structure 3 are disposed on the same layer. In this way, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is connected to the first feed line 51, which is connected to the radiating patch. The signal electrode of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is connected to the second feed line 52, which is then connected to the radiating patch. This arrangement facilitates a lightweight and thinner antenna. For another example, the radiating patch, the first and second feed lines 51, 52 are all disposed on the fourth dielectric substrate 32. The first feed line 51 is coupled to the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and the second feed line 52 is coupled to the signal electrode of the second phase-shifting structure 3. The radiation patch, the first feed line 51 and the second feed line 52 are all arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 close to the second adjustable dielectric layer 33 or on a side away from the second adjustable dielectric layer 33 .

[0076] Second Example: Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to the second example of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8 , this example is substantially identical to the first example, differing only in that the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a fixed-phase shifter, the first phase-shifting structure 2 is a 90° fixed-phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a 180° fixed-phase shifter. The dual-polarized antenna in this example can achieve circular polarization, but cannot achieve polarization tunability within circular polarization.

[0077] In this example, Figure 9 is a first cross-sectional view of a second example dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9 , both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can employ delay lines. When the third phase-shifting structure 1 employs the aforementioned liquid crystal phase shifter, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the delay line 36 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 can both be disposed on the second dielectric substrate 12, for example, on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11. Alternatively, the delay lines of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be formed on the third dielectric substrate 31, with the third dielectric substrate 31 disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11. That is, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are arranged on the same layer. In this case, the radiating structure 4, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can be arranged on the same layer as the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3. In this case, the radiating structure 4 is connected to the first phase-shifting structure 2 via the first feed line 51 and to the second phase-shifting structure 3 via the second feed line 52. This structure helps to achieve a lightweight and thin antenna. It should be understood that the radiating structure 4, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can also be arranged on the side of the first phase-shifting structure 2 facing away from the third phase-shifting structure 1. For example, the radiating structure 4, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can be arranged on a separate dielectric substrate, which is then placed on the side of the first phase-shifting structure 2 facing away from the third dielectric substrate 31. This arrangement can achieve a miniaturized antenna.

[0078] In addition, the above structure is merely an example of a co-layered arrangement of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3. FIG10 illustrates a second cross-section of a dual-polarized antenna according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG10 , in some examples, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 may also be stacked. Specifically, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the delay line 36 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 are formed on separate dielectric substrates. The dielectric substrate 20 with the delay line 21 is then positioned on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11, and the dielectric substrate 30 with the delay line 36 is positioned on the side of the delay line 21 facing away from the dielectric substrate 20. It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the first phase-shifting structure 2 may be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, or the second phase-shifting structure 3 may be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2. While the figure illustrates the example of the first phase-shifting structure 2 being closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, this does not limit the scope of protection of the present embodiment.

[0079] FIG11 is a third cross-sectional view of the second exemplary dual-polarized antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG11 , the third dielectric substrate 31 provided with the delay line 21 / 36 can be reused with the second dielectric substrate 12, which helps to achieve a lightweight and thin antenna.

[0080] The remaining structures in this example can adopt the same structure as the first example, so they will not be repeated here.

[0081] Third Example: Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna according to the third example of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, in this example, both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 employ phase-adjustable phase shifters. For example, the maximum phase shift of both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is 90°. Specifically, both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are 0° / 90° phase-adjustable phase shifters. By controlling the phases of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3, the dual-polarized antenna can switch between left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization. The remaining structures in this example can adopt the same structures as in the first example.

[0082] Specifically, Figure 13 is a first cross-sectional view of a third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 13 , the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be the same as the aforementioned structure, namely, it can include a third dielectric substrate 31 and a fourth dielectric substrate 32 disposed opposite each other, a second tunable dielectric layer 33 disposed between the third and fourth dielectric substrates 31, 32, a third electrode layer 34 disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 31 proximate to the second tunable dielectric layer 33, and a fourth electrode layer 35 disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 proximate to the second tunable dielectric layer 33. The second tunable dielectric layer 33 is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the third and fourth electrode layers 34, 35 on the third dielectric substrate 31. Consequently, when a bias voltage is applied to the third and fourth electrode layers 34, 35, forming an electric field therebetween, the dielectric constant of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 changes, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0083] Furthermore, the second phase shifter structure 3 is a liquid crystal phase shifter, meaning that the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is not limited to liquid crystal molecules; any material whose dielectric constant can be changed under the influence of an electric field can be used as the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0084] Continuing with FIG13 , the first phase shifting structure 2 may include a fifth dielectric substrate 22 and a sixth dielectric substrate 23 disposed opposite each other, a third tunable dielectric layer 24 disposed between the fifth and sixth dielectric substrates 22, 23, a fifth electrode layer 25 disposed on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate 22 proximate to the third tunable dielectric layer 24, and a sixth electrode layer 26 disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate 23 proximate to the third tunable dielectric layer 24. The third tunable dielectric layer 24 is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the fifth and sixth electrode layers 25, 26 on the fifth dielectric substrate 22. Consequently, when a bias voltage is applied to the fifth and sixth electrode layers 25, 26, forming an electric field therebetween, the dielectric constant of the third tunable dielectric layer 24 changes, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0085] Furthermore, the third phase shifter structure 1 is a liquid crystal phase shifter, meaning that the third tunable dielectric layer 24 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the material of the third tunable dielectric layer 24 is not limited to liquid crystal molecules; any material whose dielectric constant can be changed under the influence of an electric field can be used as the material of the third tunable dielectric layer 24 in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0086] In some examples, as shown in Figure 13, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are co-located. In this case, the third dielectric substrate 31 and the fifth dielectric substrate 22 can be integrally formed, the fourth dielectric substrate 32 and the sixth dielectric substrate 23 can be integrally formed, and the second tunable dielectric layer 33 and the third tunable dielectric layer 24 can be integrally formed. The third electrode layer 34 and the fifth electrode layer 25 are co-located, and the fourth electrode layer 35 and the sixth electrode layer 26 are co-located. The second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 is located on the side of the third dielectric substrate 31 facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate 32. This arrangement helps achieve a lightweight and thinner antenna.

[0087] 14 , the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase shift structure 1 can be reused as the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase shift structure 2 / the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase shift structure 3. This can further reduce the weight of the antenna.

[0088] In some examples, Figure 15 is a third cross-sectional view of a third example dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 15 , the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are stacked. When the first phase-shifting structure 2 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11, and the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate 23 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 facing away from the fifth dielectric substrate 22. This arrangement facilitates antenna miniaturization. Similarly, when the second phase-shifting structure 3 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2, the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11, and the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 facing away from the third dielectric substrate 31.

[0089] Furthermore, Figure 16 is a fourth cross-sectional view of a third exemplary dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 16, when the first phase-shifting structure 2 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 is reused as the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and the sixth dielectric substrate 23 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is reused as the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3. When the second phase-shifting structure 3 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 is reused as the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3, and the fourth dielectric substrate 32 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is reused as the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2. This helps achieve a lighter and thinner antenna.

[0090] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the above-mentioned holographic antenna. The antenna also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end, and the baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, such as a 2G signal, a 3G signal, a 4G signal, a 5G signal, etc., and sends a signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the transparent antenna in the communication system receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver (not shown in the figure) and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0091] Furthermore, a radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna and transmit them back to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the substrate, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then transmit them to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0092] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit, which is connected to at least one antenna. When the communication system transmits signals, the signal amplifier is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, filters out noise, and then transmits them to the transparent antenna, which radiates the signal. When the communication system receives signals, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the signal received by the antenna and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0093] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0094] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0095] It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized antenna, comprising: A radiation structure, a first feed line, a second feed line, a first phase shifting structure, a second phase shifting structure and a third phase shifting structure; The first phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure through the first feeder, the second phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure through the second feeder, and the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions; wherein, The first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure are also electrically connected to the third phase shift structure; the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure are located in different layers from the third phase shift structure, and their maximum phase shift degrees are both smaller than the maximum phase shift degree of the third phase shift structure.

2. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The third phase shifting structure comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a first adjustable dielectric layer located between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer located on a side of the first dielectric substrate close to the first adjustable dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer located on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the first adjustable dielectric layer; The first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both located on a side of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first dielectric substrate.

3. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first phase shifting structure is a fixed phase shifter, and the second phase shifting structure is a phase adjustable phase shifter.

4. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The second phase shifting structure comprises a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer arranged on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate close to the third dielectric substrate; The third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the third dielectric substrate away from the fourth dielectric substrate.

5. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 4, wherein: The positional relationship between the second phase-shifting structure and the first phase-shifting structure includes any one of the following: The second phase shifting structure is located between the third dielectric substrate of the first phase shifting structure and the third phase shifting structure; The second phase shifting structure is located on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate of the first phase shifting structure away from the third dielectric substrate; The second phase-shifting structure is arranged in the same layer as the third electrode of the first phase-shifting structure; The second phase-shifting structure is arranged in the same layer as the fourth electrode of the first phase-shifting structure.

6. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The first phase shifting structure is a phase delay line.

7. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 5, wherein: The phase delay line and the first feeder are arranged on the same layer.

8. The dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein: The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase shifter is 180°.

9. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both fixed-phase phase shifters, and the phase shifting degrees of the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are different.

10. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The third phase-shifting structure, the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are stacked in sequence; or the third phase-shifting structure, the second phase-shifting structure and the first phase-shifting structure are stacked in sequence.

11. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 9 or 10, wherein: The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the phase shift of the second phase shifter is 180°.

12. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first phase shifting structure and the second phase shifting structure are both fixed phase shifters.

13. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 12, wherein: The first phase shifting structure comprises a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate close to the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer arranged on a side of the sixth dielectric substrate close to the fifth dielectric substrate; The second phase shifting structure comprises a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer arranged on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate close to the third dielectric substrate; The third dielectric substrate and the fifth dielectric substrate are an integral structure, the fourth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate are an integral structure, the second adjustable dielectric and the third adjustable dielectric layer are an integral structure; the third electrode layer and the fifth electrode layer are arranged on the same layer, and the fourth electrode layer and the sixth electrode layer are arranged on the same layer; The third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the third dielectric substrate away from the fourth dielectric substrate.

14. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 12, wherein: The first phase shifting structure comprises a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate close to the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer arranged on a side of the sixth dielectric substrate close to the fifth dielectric substrate; The second phase shifting structure comprises a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer arranged on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer arranged on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate close to the third dielectric substrate; The fifth dielectric substrate is located on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate facing away from the third dielectric substrate, and the third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate; or, the third dielectric substrate is located on a side of the sixth dielectric substrate facing away from the fifth dielectric substrate, and the third phase shifting structure is located on a side of the fifth dielectric substrate facing away from the sixth dielectric substrate.

15. The dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein: The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the maximum phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase shifter is 90°.

16. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a feeding structure, which is electrically connected to the first phase-shifting structure.

17. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The radiation structure is a radiation patch.

18. An electronic device comprising the dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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