Radio frequency sensing

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a sensing device may transmit a first Layer 2 (L2) data packet including a Layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame. The sensing device may receive a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame. Motion data indicating whether the object is moving may be generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response associated with receiving the second L2 data packet. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 363,290, filed on April 20, 2022, and entitled “RADIO FREQUENCY SENSING,” and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 193,594, filed on March 30, 2023, and entitled “RADIO FREQUENCY SENSING,” which are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for radio frequency sensing. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). A wireless local area network (WLAN) may be formed by one or more access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by several client devices (also referred to as stations (STAs)). The basic building block of a WLAN that complies with the 802.11 family of standards is a basic service set managed by an AP. Typically, a basic service set is a network topology that enables wireless devices (e.g., a group of STAs) to communicate over a common medium (e.g., an AP). Each basic service set is identified by a service set identifier (SSID) advertised by an AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STA within the wireless range of the AP to establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN.

[0005] A STA may communicate with an AP via downlink communication and uplink communication. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to a communication link from an AP to a STA, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to a communication link from a STA to an AP. Summary of the invention

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a sensing device. The method may include sending a first layer 2 (L2) data packet including a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame. The method may include receiving a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a sensing device for wireless communication. The sensing device may include: a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to send a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a sensing device. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the sensing device, may cause the sensing device to send a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the sensing device, may cause the sensing device to receive a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include: means for sending a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

[0010] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and description.

[0011] The features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite extensively above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of protection of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitations of the claims.

[0012] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers) for analog and digital purposes. The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes and configurations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to fully understand the above features of the present disclosure, a more specific description of the invention briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to various aspects (some of which are shown in the accompanying drawings). However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only show certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, as the specification may admit other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0014] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an access point communicating with a station in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with performing radio frequency (RF) sensing according to the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated with performing RF sensing according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be interpreted as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. Instead, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the protection scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether independently or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such a device or method implemented using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0020] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0021] Although various aspects may be described herein using terms typically associated with WLAN, various aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless communication technologies, such as 5G or new radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or RAT after 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0022] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. According to some aspects, the network 100 may be an example of a WLAN. For example, the network 100 may be a network that implements at least one of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series of standards. The network 100 may include numerous wireless devices, such as an access point (AP) 110 and a plurality of associated stations (STAs) 120. Each of the STAs 120 may also be referred to as a client device, a mobile station (MS), a mobile device, a mobile handset, a wireless handset, an access terminal (AT), a user equipment (UE), a subscriber station (SS), or a subscriber unit, etc.

[0023] STA 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each STA 120 may be stationary or mobile. STA 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. STA 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless medium.

[0024] Some STAs 120 may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) STAs. MTC STAs and / or eMTC STAs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some STAs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some STAs 120 may be considered as customer premises equipment. STA 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of STA 120, such as a processor component and / or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, a processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0025] Each of the STAs 120 may associate and communicate with the AP 110 via a communication link. The various STAs 120 in the network 100 may be able to communicate with each other through the AP 110. A single AP 110 and a set of associated STAs 120 may be referred to as a basic service set. Figure 1Additionally shown is an example coverage area 130 of an AP 110, which may represent a basic service area (BSA) of the network 100. Although only one AP 110 is shown, the network 100 may include multiple APs 110. An extended service set (ESS) may include a collection of connected basic service sets. An extended network station associated with the network 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system that may allow multiple APs 110 to be connected in such an ESS. Thus, a STA 120 may be covered by more than one AP 110 and may be associated with different APs 110 at different times for different transmissions.

[0026] STA 120 may operate and communicate (via corresponding communication links) in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and amendments, including but not limited to 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11ah, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, and 802.11ba. These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the physical layer and the medium access control (MAC) layer. Wireless devices in network 100 may communicate on an unlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of a spectrum that includes frequency bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technology, such as the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, the 60 GHz band, the 3.6 GHz band, and the 900 MHz band. The unlicensed spectrum may also include other frequency bands, such as the 6 GHz band. Wireless devices in network 100 may also be configured to communicate on other frequency bands, such as shared licensed frequency bands where multiple operators may have licenses to operate in one or more of the same or overlapping frequency bands.

[0027] In some examples, STA 120 may form a network without AP 110 or other equipment other than STA 120 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). An ad hoc network may alternatively be referred to as a mesh network or a peer-to-peer (P2P) connection. In some examples, an ad hoc network may be implemented in a larger wireless network such as network 100. In such a specific implementation, although STA 120 may be able to communicate with each other through AP 110, STA 120 may also communicate directly with each other via a direct wireless communication link. Additionally, two STAs 120 may communicate via a direct communication link, regardless of whether the two STAs 120 are associated with the same AP 110 and served by the AP. In such an ad hoc system, one or more STAs in STA 120 may assume the role played by AP 110 in a basic service set. Such STA 120 may be referred to as a group owner (GO) and may coordinate transmission within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless links include Wi-Fi direct connections, connections established by using a Wi-Fi Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) link, and other P2P group connections.

[0028] In some examples, some types of STA 120 or AP 110 may be configured for extended high throughput (EHT) operation and may have functionality supported on a dynamic channel bandwidth spectrum. The dynamic channel bandwidth spectrum may be a portion of a spectrum that includes frequency bands above the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, including bands traditionally used for Wi-Fi technology or the emerging 6 GHz band. Each frequency band (e.g., a 5 GHz band) may include multiple channels (e.g., each channel may span 20 MHz frequencies, 40 MHz frequencies, 80 MHz frequencies), each of which may be usable by a configured STA 120 or AP 110. Based on the enhanced functionality supported by the EHT mode of operation, supported extensions of the available channel bandwidth spectrum (e.g., 320 MHz, 160+160 MHz) may be possible.

[0029] Some types of STA 120 may provide automated communications. Automated wireless devices may include those that implement IoT communications, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, or MTC. IoT, M2M, or MTC may refer to data communications technologies that allow devices to communicate without human intervention. For example, IoT, M2M, or MTC may refer to communications from STA 120 that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application that may utilize the information or present the information to a human interacting with the program or application.

[0030] Some types of APs 110 may use over-the-air signaling to provide AP coordination. The APs 110 may support different levels of coordination, with associated synchronization for the different levels. For example, in some examples, one or more APs 110 may support coordination without synchronization (in some examples, referred to as level 1 synchronization), where the APs 110 may coordinate to share load information, user management, admission control, and basic service set transition management such as handover. In some examples, one or more APs 110 may support coordination with loose synchronization (in some examples, referred to as level 2 synchronization), where the APs 110 may coordinate interference management and simultaneous transmissions on a per-transmission opportunity (TXOP) basis. In some examples, one or more APs 110 may support coordination with tight (e.g., symbol level) synchronization (in some examples, referred to as level 3 synchronization), where the APs 110 may perform coordinated beamforming and send null packets to STAs 120 served on other basic service sets to reduce interference. In other cases, one or more APs 110 may support coordination with tight (e.g., sub-symbol level) synchronization (in some examples, referred to as level 4 synchronization), where the APs 110 may coordinate joint multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system transmissions, where a STA 120 may be served by multiple APs 110.

[0031] Some of the STAs 120 may be MTC devices, such as MTC devices designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines. Application examples of MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging. MTC devices may operate using half-duplex (one-way) communications at a reduced peak rate. MTC devices may also be configured to enter a power-saving "deep sleep" mode when not engaged in active communications.

[0032] The network 100 may support beamforming transmission. As an example, the AP 110 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the STA 120. Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering or directional transmission) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitter (e.g., the AP 110) to shape and / or steer the overall antenna beam in the direction of a target receiver (e.g., the STA 120). Beamforming may be achieved by combining elements in an antenna array so that signals transmitted at a specific angle are subject to constructive interference and other signals are subject to destructive interference. In some examples, the manner in which the elements of the antenna array are combined at the transmitter may depend on channel state information (CSI) associated with a channel through which the AP 110 can communicate with the STA 120. That is, based on the CSI, the AP 110 may appropriately weight the transmission from each antenna (e.g., or antenna port) so that the desired beamforming effect is achieved. In some examples, these weights may be determined before beamforming may be employed. For example, a transmitter (eg, AP 110) may send one or more sounding packets to a receiver in order to determine CSI.

[0033] The network 100 may further support a MIMO wireless system. Such a system may use a transmission scheme between a transmitter (e.g., AP 110) and a receiver (e.g., STA 120) where both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. For example, the AP 110 may have an antenna array having multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the AP 110 may use for beamforming in its communication with the STA 120. The signal may be sent multiple times in different directions (e.g., each transmission may be beamformed in a different manner). The receiver (e.g., STA 120) may try multiple beams (e.g., antenna subarrays) when receiving the signal.

[0034] WLAN packet data units (PDUs) may be sent on a radio frequency spectrum band, which may include multiple sub-bands or frequency channels in some examples. In some examples, the radio frequency spectrum band may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz, and each sub-band or channel may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz. Transmissions to and from STA 120 and AP 110 typically include control information in a header sent before data transmission. The information provided in the header is used by the receiver to decode subsequent data. The old WLAN preamble may include old short training field (STF) (L-STF) information, old long training field (L-LTF) information, and old signaling (L-SIG) information. The old preamble may be used for packet detection, automatic gain control and channel estimation, and other purposes. The old preamble may also be used to maintain compatibility with old devices.

[0035] In some aspects, STA 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 140 may perform one or more operations associated with RF sensing. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0036] In some aspects, AP 110 may include a communications manager 150. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, communications manager 150 may perform one or more operations associated with RF sensing. Additionally or alternatively, communications manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0037] In some aspects, a sensing device (e.g., STA 120, AP 110) may include a communication manager 140 or 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 or 150 may send a first layer 2 (L2) data packet including a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame. The communication manager 140 or 150 may receive a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether the object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 or 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0038] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0039] Figure 2 1 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of an AP 110 communicating with a STA 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The AP 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The STA 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1).

[0040] At the AP 110, the transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for the STA 120 (or a set of STAs 120) from the data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for the STA 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the STA 120. The AP 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the STA 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for the STA 120, and may provide data symbols for the STA 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) MIMO processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a to 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or up-convert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a to 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a to 234t).

[0041] At the STA 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from the AP 110 and / or other APs 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a to 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the STA 120 to the data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter, among other things. In some examples, one or more components of the STA 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0042] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), sets of coplanar antenna elements, sets of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components in.

[0043] On the uplink, at STA 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by a TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by a modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and sent to the AP 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the STA 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the STA 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, and / or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (eg, controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform the functions described herein (eg, with reference to Figures 3 to 5 ) or any aspect of any of the methods described herein.

[0044] At the AP 110, uplink signals from the STA 120 and / or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component of the modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by the MIMO detector 236 (where applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the STA 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The AP 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller via the communication unit 244. The AP 110 may include a scheduler 246 for scheduling one or more STAs 120 for downlink communication and / or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of the AP 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the AP 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform operations described herein (e.g., with reference to Figures 3 to 5 ) or any aspect of any of the methods described herein.

[0045] The controller / processor 240 of the AP 110, the controller / processor 280 of the STA 120, and / or Figure 2Any other components of the AP 110 may perform one or more techniques associated with RF sensing, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the sensing device and / or target device described herein is the AP 110, included in the AP 110, or includes one or more components of the AP 110. In some aspects, the sensing device and / or target device described herein is the STA 120, included in the STA 120, or includes one or more components of the STA 120. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the AP 110, the controller / processor 280 of the STA 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of the Figure 4 400 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for AP 110 and STA 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of AP 110 and / or STA 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation), may cause one or more processors, STA 120, and / or AP 110 to perform or direct, for example, Figure 4 The process 400 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, etc.

[0046] In some aspects, the sensing device includes means for transmitting a first layer 2 (L2) data packet including a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame; and / or means for receiving a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether the object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet. In some aspects, means for the sensing device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 150, the transmit processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the controller / processor 240, the memory 242, or the scheduler 246. In some aspects, means for the sensing device to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 140, the antenna 252, the modem 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the controller / processor 280, or the memory 282.

[0047] Although Figure 2The blocks in the 2000 and 2010 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above for these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0048] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0049] In a WLAN, a sensing device (e.g., an AP or a STA) may determine motion information (e.g., a moving direction and / or speed) of a target device (e.g., a STA) based at least in part on performing RF sensing. For example, the sensing device may send a frame (e.g., a Wi-Fi frame) to the target device to cause the target to send a response (e.g., another Wi-Fi frame) to the sensing device. The CFR may be implicitly captured from the preamble of the response. The CFR may provide a heat map of the communication channel on which the response is received at a given moment and spread across various tones and their composite responses.

[0050] The sensing device may continuously and periodically send frames to the target device to obtain response frames, from which a heat map of the communication channel may be continuously and periodically generated. The heat map may be processed to determine motion data associated with the target device (e.g., whether the target device is moving, and if the target device is moving, the speed and / or direction of movement).

[0051] To ensure accuracy, the target device may need to send a response for each frame sent by the sensing device to the target device. Additionally, responses received at full channel bandwidth (CBW) may enable more precise channel identification and may increase reliability associated with determining motion data.

[0052] However, in some cases, the target device may not send a response to a frame received from the sensing device. For example, the sensing device may periodically send a layer 3 (L3) frame, such as an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping, to the target device under the full CBW. Initially, the target device may send a response to the L3 frame (e.g., an L3 ICMP ping reply), and the response may be sent within an L2 WLAN frame under the full CBW. However, to save battery power, the target device may include logic that is configured to determine whether a frame is being sent unnecessarily, and if so, prevent the target device from sending a response to the frame.

[0053] For example, an L3 frame may call an L3 stack of a target device. The L3 stack may run with a main high-level operating system (HLOS) of the target device, and calling the L3 stack may utilize a relatively large amount of power. Therefore, the target device may include a logic component for preventing the L3 stack from being called unnecessarily.

[0054] In contrast, the target device may offload Wi-Fi features to a low memory footprint software on chip (SoC) component. Additionally, the SoC may periodically wake up to listen for buffered data indications and to perform one or more L2 and / or L2.5 functionalities. Thus, the target device may be configured to automatically send an L2 acknowledgement (ACK) based at least in part on receiving an L2 frame.

[0055] Because the target device can be configured to automatically send an L2 ACK based at least in part on receiving an L2 frame, the sensing device can perform RF sensing based at least in part on periodically sending L2 frames (e.g., quality of service null frames (QoS_null)) to the target device at the full CBW. Therefore, the sensing device can predictably and reliably receive a response (e.g., an L2 ACK) from the target device. However, because the L2 ACK is inherently a 20 MHz response, even when sending an L2 frame at the full CBW, the sensing device may not be able to ensure that the response is sent at the full CBW (e.g., 80 MHz).

[0056] In some cases, the target device may send L2 ACK at full CBW. For example, the target device may replicate L2 ACK across the entire bandwidth. However, the sensing device may not be configured to extract CFR from the replicated bandwidth region. Therefore, the variability of the response bandwidth of L2 ACK produces non-optimal resolution in terms of accuracy of motion detection.

[0057] Some techniques and apparatuses described herein enable a network node (e.g., a sensing device) to continuously and reliably receive responses from another network node (e.g., a target device) at a full CBW. For example, in some aspects, a network node may send L2.5 frames as L2 data packets at a full CBW. Providing responses to L2.5 may be necessary to ensure successful operation of the target device within the network.

[0058] For example, an L2.5 frame may include an address resolution protocol (ARP) request, and the target device may send an ARP response configured to bind an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the target device (e.g., L3) to a MAC address of the target device (e.g., L2). The target device may be configured to always send a response to the ARP request to ensure that the target device is able to operate within the network. Thus, the sensing device may accurately determine motion data based at least in part on a heat map generated from the CBW associated with a response received from the target device. The response may appear in the full CBW, as opposed to 20 MHz content and a replicated CFR. The response may always appear whenever queried by the AP to avoid subsampling of the response.

[0059] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example process 300 associated with performing RF sensing according to the present disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, sensing device 305 and target device 310 can communicate with each other. In some aspects, sensing device 305 and target device 310 can be included in a WLAN (eg, network 100).

[0060] The sensing device 305 may include a device configured to capture CFR data and / or generate motion data based at least in part on the captured CFR data. In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may include an AP. For example, the sensing device 305 may include an AP configured to perform RF sensing to determine motion data for one or more devices located near the sensing device 305.

[0061] Additionally or alternatively, the target device 310 may include a STA. For example, the target device 310 may include a STA configured to perform one or more functions of an AP within a WLAN or a STA connected to an AP, etc.

[0062] The target device 310 may include a device for which motion data is to be obtained. For example, the target device 310 may include an AP and / or a STA, etc.

[0063] As shown by reference numeral 315, the sensing device 305 may send a frame to the target device 310. The sensing device 305 may send the frame at a first time (T1, as shown). In some aspects, the frame may include an L2.5 frame. For example, the frame may include an ARP request frame, a multicast frame, a broadcast filter frame, or an L2 keep-alive frame.

[0064] In some aspects, the L2.5 frame is sent within the L2 data packet at the full CBW. By sending the frame as an L2 data packet, the sensing device 305 can cause the SoC of the target device 310 (rather than the L3 stack) to send an L2.5 response to the sensing device 305 using another L2 data packet at the full CBW. Because the response is associated with the L2.5 frame, the sensing device 305 can cause the target device 310 to send the response at the bandwidth (e.g., the full CBW) at which the L2 data packet was received.

[0065] The target device 310 may receive the L2 data packet and may generate a response to the L2.5 frame based at least in part on receiving the L2 data packet. The target device 310 may determine a bandwidth at which the L2 data packet was received based at least in part on the response being associated with the L2.5 frame. As shown by reference numeral 320, the target device 310 may send a response to the sensing device 305 at full CBW.

[0066] In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may capture CFR data associated with the response. The sensing device 305 may determine motion data associated with the object (e.g., the target device 310) based at least in part on the CFR data, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. Additionally or alternatively, the sensing device 305 may provide the CFR data and / or a heat map associated with the CFR data to another device (e.g., a server device (not shown)), and the other device may generate motion data based at least in part on the CFR data.

[0067] As shown by reference numeral 325, the sensing device 305 may send a second frame to the target device 310. In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may send the second frame at a second time (e.g., T2, as shown). In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may send the second frame at a full CBW. In some aspects, the second frame may include an L2.5 frame, and the sensing device 305 may send the L2.5 frame as an L2 data packet at a full CBW in a manner similar to that described above.

[0068] In some aspects, the second frame may include an L2 frame. For example, the sensing device 305 may be configured to perform RF sensing using a hybrid process. In some aspects, the hybrid process may include periodically sending an L2.5 frame as an L2 data packet at a first interval, followed by sending a specific number of periodically sent L2 frames. For example, the sensing device 305 may be configured to send three L2 frames after sending an L2.5 frame as an L2 data packet.

[0069] In some aspects, a specific number of periodically transmitted L2 frames may be transmitted at a second interval. In some aspects, the second interval may be smaller than the first interval. For example, the first interval may be 30 milliseconds (ms) and the second interval may be 10 ms.

[0070] As shown by reference numeral 330, the target device 310 can send a response to the sensing device 305 based at least in part on receiving the second frame. In some aspects, the response can be sent under the full CBW. For example, the sensing device 305 can send the L2.5 frame as an L2 data packet under the full CBW, and the target device 310 can send the response under the full CBW based at least in part on the response being associated with the L2.5 packet and / or the L2 data packet being sent by the sensing device 305 under the full CBW.

[0071] In some aspects, the response may be sent at less than the full CBW. For example, the sensing device 305 may send an L2 frame (e.g., a QoS_null frame) to the target device 310 at the full CBW, and the target device 310 may be configured to automatically send an L2 ACK at 20 MHz based at least in part on receiving the L2 frame.

[0072] In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may capture CFR data associated with the response. In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may capture CFR data associated with the response. The sensing device 305 may determine motion data associated with the object (e.g., the target device 310) based at least in part on the CFR data, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. Additionally or alternatively, the sensing device 305 may provide the CFR data and / or a heat map associated with the CFR data to another device.

[0073] In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may send the one or more additional L2.5 frames as L2 data packets and / or send the one or more additional L2 frames, and may capture CFR data associated with the one or more additional L2.5 frames as L2 data packets and / or L2 frames in a manner similar to that described above. In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may send the one or more additional L2.5 frames as L2 data packets and / or send the L2 frames until a certain number of frames (e.g., 100, 500, or 1,000 L2.5 frames and / or L2 frames, etc.) are sent.

[0074] In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may send one or more additional L2.5 frames as L2 data packets and / or send L2 frames until CFR data for a certain number of responses (e.g., a certain number of responses and / or a total number of responses sent under the CBW) is captured. Additionally or alternatively, the sensing device 305 may send one or more additional L2.5 frames as L2 data packets and / or send L2 frames within a specific amount of time (e.g., 100 ms, 1 second, 2 seconds, etc.).

[0075] As shown by reference numeral 335, the sensing device 305 may process the captured CFR data (e.g., a heat map associated with the CFR data) to determine motion data associated with the target device 310 and / or an object associated with the target device 310. For example, the sensing device 305 may provide the CFR data and / or the heat map associated with the CFR data as input to a machine learning model that is trained to determine the motion data based at least in part on the CFR data and / or the heat map. In some aspects, the motion data may indicate whether the target device 310 and / or the object is moving or stationary. In some aspects, when the motion data indicates that the target device 310 and / or the object is moving, the motion data may indicate a direction and / or speed of movement.

[0076] In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may modify the type of frames sent to the target device 310 based at least in part on whether the motion data indicates that the target device 310 and / or the object is moving. As an example, initially, the sensing device 305 may send a series of L2.5 frames as L2 data packets at full CBW to the target device 310, and may capture a series of responsive CFR data sent by the target device 310. The sensing device 305 may process the captured CFR data (e.g., a heat map associated with the CFR data) to determine motion data associated with the target device 310 and / or an object associated with the target device 310.

[0077] In some aspects, when the motion data indicates that the target device 310 and / or the object is stationary, the sensing device 305 may send a certain number of L2 frames at a full constant bit rate (CBR) between each transmission of the L2 data packets including the L2.5 frames. In some aspects, when the motion data indicates that the target device 310 and / or the object is moving, the sensing device 305 may continue to send a series of L2.5 frames as L2 data packets to the target device 310 at the full CBW.

[0078] As another example, initially, the sensing device 305 may transmit a number of L2 frames at full CBR between each transmission of an L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame, and may capture CFR data for a series of responses transmitted by the target device 310. The sensing device 305 may process the captured CFR data (e.g., a heat map associated with the CFR data) to determine motion data associated with the target device 310 and / or an object associated with the target device 310.

[0079] In some aspects, when the motion data indicates that the target device 310 and / or the object is stationary, the sensing device 305 may continue to send a certain number of L2 frames at full CBR between each transmission of an L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame. In some aspects, when the motion data indicates that the target device 310 and / or the object is moving, the sensing device 305 may send a series of L2.5 frames as L2 data packets at full CBW and / or may not send a certain number of L2 frames to the target device 310 between each transmission of an L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame.

[0080] In some aspects, the sensing device 305 may perform one or more actions based at least in part on the motion data. For example, the sensing device 305 may output the motion data to another device (e.g., the target device 310, a device associated with a particular user, and / or a server device, etc.), determine potential destinations to which the target device 310 may be traveling, and / or determine an object being viewed by a user associated with the target device 310, etc.

[0081] In some aspects, the request triggered by the sensing device 305 can utilize a hybrid process by transmitting N-1 QoS_null (L2) frames and then reinforcing the assumption with a single ARP frame (L2.5) over M milliseconds (ms) of operation. For example, the process can include sending L2 frames at 0 ms and 10 ms, sending L2.5 frames at 20 ms, sending L2 frames at 30 ms, 40 ms, and 50 ms, sending L2 frames at 60 ms, and sending L2 frames at 70 ms.

[0082] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0083] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example process 400 performed, for example, by a sensing device according to the present disclosure. The example process 400 is an example in which a sensing device (eg, sensing device 305) performs operations associated with RF sensing.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, in some aspects, process 400 may include sending a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame (block 410). For example, a sensing device (e.g., using communication manager 140 / 150 and / or Figure 5 The depicted transmitting component 504) can transmit a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame, as described above.

[0085] like Figure 4As further shown, in some aspects, process 400 may include receiving a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether the object is moving is generated based at least in part on the CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet (block 420). For example, a sensing device (e.g., using communication manager 140 / 150 and / or Figure 5 The depicted receiving component 502) may receive a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether the object is moving is generated based at least in part on a CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet, as described above.

[0086] Process 400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0087] In a first aspect, the sensing device comprises an AP.

[0088] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the sensing device comprises a client device.

[0089] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the L2.5 frame comprises an ARP request, and the response comprises an ARP response.

[0090] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the first L2 data packet is sent at a full channel bandwidth, and the second L2 data packet is received at the full channel bandwidth.

[0091] In a fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 4, process 400 includes sending one or more L2 frames based at least in part on sending the first L2 data packet, and sending a third L2 data packet including another ARP request based at least in part on sending the one or more L2 frames.

[0092] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the one or more L2 frames include one or more QoS_null frames.

[0093] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the first L2 data packet is periodically sent at a first interval, and process 400 includes: sending one or more L2 frames at a second interval smaller than the first interval.

[0094] although Figure 4 An example block diagram of process 400 is shown, but in some aspects, the same Figure 4Process 400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 400 may be performed in parallel.

[0095] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example apparatus 500 for wireless communication. Apparatus 500 may be a sensing device, or a sensing device may include apparatus 500. In some aspects, apparatus 500 includes a receiving component 502 and a transmitting component 504 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 500 may communicate with another apparatus 506 (such as a STA, an AP, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 502 and transmitting component 504. As further shown, apparatus 500 may include a communication manager 140 / 150. For example, apparatus 500 may include communication manager 140 based at least in part on apparatus 500 corresponding to STA 120, and apparatus 500 may include communication manager 150 based at least in part on apparatus 500 corresponding to AP 110. Communication manager 140 / 150 may include generation component 508, etc.

[0096] In some aspects, the apparatus 500 may be configured to perform Figure 3 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 500 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 4 The process 400. In some aspects, Figure 5 The device 500 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Figure 5 One or more of the components shown may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or part of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0097] The receiving component 502 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, from the device 506. The receiving component 502 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 500. In some aspects, the receiving component 502 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding) on ​​the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 500. In some aspects, the receiving component 502 may include combining Figure 2 The sensing device may include one or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiving processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof.

[0098] Transmit component 504 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 506. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 500 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to transmit component 504 for transmission to device 506. In some aspects, transmit component 504 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 506. In some aspects, transmit component 504 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the sensing device. In some aspects, the transmit component 504 can be co-located with the receive component 502 in a transceiver.

[0099] The sending component 504 may send a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame. The receiving component 502 may receive a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame. In some aspects, the generating component 508 may generate motion data indicating whether the object is moving based at least in part on the CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

[0100] The transmitting component 504 can transmit one or more L2 frames based at least in part on transmitting the first L2 data packet.The transmitting component 504 can transmit a third L2 data packet including another ARP request based at least in part on transmitting the one or more L2 frames.

[0101] Figure 5 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. Figure 5 There may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 5 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 5 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 5 The illustrated set of component(s) may be described as being executable by Figure 5 Another collection of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0102] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0103] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a sensing device, comprising: sending a first L2 data packet including an L2.5 frame; and receiving a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated at least in part based on a CFR associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

[0104] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the sensing device comprises an access point.

[0105] Aspect 3: The method according to one or more of aspects 1 and 2, wherein the sensing device comprises a client device (eg, STA 120).

[0106] Aspect 4: The method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the L2.5 frame comprises an ARP request and the response comprises an ARP response.

[0107] Aspect 5: The method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent under a full CBW, and the second L2 data packet is received under the full CBW.

[0108] Aspect 6: The method according to one or more of Aspects 1 to 5 further includes: sending one or more L2 frames based at least in part on sending the first L2 data packet; and sending a third L2 data packet including another ARP request based at least in part on sending the one or more L2 frames.

[0109] Aspect 7: The method according to aspect 6, wherein the one or more L2 frames include one or more QoS_null frames.

[0110] Aspect 8: A method according to one or more of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent periodically at a first interval, and wherein the method further comprises: sending one or more L2 frames at a second interval smaller than the first interval.

[0111] Aspect 9: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 1 to 8.

[0112] Aspect 10: A device for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to execute the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 8.

[0113] Aspect 11: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 8.

[0114] Aspect 12: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 8.

[0115] Aspect 13: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 8.

[0116] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of these aspects.

[0117] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes and / or functions and other examples. As used herein, "processor" is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be clear that the system or method described herein can be implemented by a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software in different forms. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code for implementing these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, the operation and behavior of the system and / or method are not described herein with reference to specific software codes, because it will be understood by those skilled in the art that software and hardware can be designed to implement the system and / or method based at least in part on the description herein.

[0118] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may mean, depending on the context, that a value is greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc.

[0119] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features can be combined in a manner that is not specifically listed in the claims and / or is not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase "at least one of" the list of items refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c and a+b+c, and any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b and c).

[0120] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as key or necessary unless clearly stated. In addition, as used herein, the article "one" is intended to include one or more items and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more items connected to the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If you only want to refer to an entry, the phrase "only one" or similar terms will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms "have", "have" etc. are intended to be open terms, which do not limit the elements they modify (for example, "elements with" A can also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "based at least in part", unless explicitly stated otherwise. In addition, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be open when used in a series, and can be used interchangeably with "and / or", unless otherwise explicitly stated (for example, if used in combination with "either" or "only one").

Claims

1. A sensing device for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to: sending a first layer 2 (L2) data packet including a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame; and A second L2 data packet is received including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

2. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the sensing device comprises an access point.

3. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the sensing device comprises a client device.

4. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the L2.5 frame comprises an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request, and the response comprises an ARP response. 5 . The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the first L2 data packet is sent at a full channel bandwidth, and the second L2 data packet is received at the full channel bandwidth.

6. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmitting one or more L2 frames based at least in part on transmitting the first L2 data packet; and A third L2 data packet including another ARP request is sent based at least in part on sending the one or more L2 frames.

7. The sensing device of claim 6, wherein the one or more L2 frames include one or more quality of service null frames.

8. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first L2 data packet is periodically sent at a first interval, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to send one or more L2 frames at a second interval that is smaller than the first interval.

9. A method of wireless communication performed by a sensing device, comprising: sending a first layer 2 (L2) data packet including a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame; as well as A second L2 data packet is received including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sensing device comprises an access point. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sensing device comprises a client device.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the L2.5 frame comprises an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request and the response comprises an ARP response.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent at a full channel bandwidth, and the second L2 data packet including the L2.5 frame is received at the full channel bandwidth.

14. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: sending one or more L2 frames based at least in part on sending the first L2 data packet; as well as A third L2 data packet including another ARP request is sent based at least in part on sending the one or more L2 frames.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more L2 frames include one or more quality of service null frames.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent periodically at a first interval, and wherein the method further comprises: One or more L2 frames are sent at a second interval that is smaller than the first interval.

17. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising: One or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a sensing device, cause the sensing device to: sending a first layer 2 (L2) data packet including a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame; as well as A second L2 data packet is received including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether an object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the sensing device comprises an access point.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the sensing device comprises a client device.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the L2.5 frame comprises an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request and the response comprises an ARP response.

21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent at a full channel bandwidth and the second L2 data packet is received at the full channel bandwidth.

22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the sensing device to: transmitting one or more L2 frames based at least in part on transmitting the first L2 data packet; and A third L2 data packet including another ARP request is sent based at least in part on sending the one or more L2 frames.

23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 22, wherein the one or more L2 frames include one or more quality of service null frames.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the first L2 data packet is periodically sent at a first interval, and wherein the one or more instructions further cause the sensing device to: send one or more L2 frames at a second interval that is less than the first interval.

25. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for transmitting a first layer 2 (L2) data packet comprising a layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame; and Means for receiving a second L2 data packet including a response to the L2.5 frame, wherein motion data indicating whether the object is moving is generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response (CFR) associated with receiving the second L2 data packet.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the L2.5 frame comprises an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request and the response comprises an ARP response.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent at a full channel bandwidth and the second L2 data packet is received at the full channel bandwidth.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: means for transmitting one or more L2 frames based at least in part on transmitting the first L2 data packet; and Means for sending a third L2 data packet including another ARP request based at least in part on sending the one or more L2 frames.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the one or more L2 frames include one or more quality of service null frames.

30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first L2 data packet is sent periodically at a first interval, and wherein the apparatus further comprises: Means for sending one or more L2 frames at a second interval less than the first interval.

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