Three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method and system based on indoor model of conical sand slide

Abstract

The present application relates to a method and system for three-dimensional modeling and layered layout based on an indoor model of a conical sand-sliding slope, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering model tests. It solves the problem that the slope morphology and geomorphic features in the actual terrain cannot be taken into account in the model test, thereby reducing the accuracy and reliability of the slope stability study. The method includes: marking the distribution area of ​​the slope in the model box, calculating the mass of the soil required for each layer according to the volume of each layer of soil and the density of the soil, and starting from the bottom of the model box, filling layer by layer according to the marked layering lines until all soil layers are filled, that is, a complete conical slope model is piled up in the model box. The present application has the following effects: it realizes the precise indoor model design and layout of the sand-sliding slope with special geomorphic features, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the slope stability study.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering model testing, and in particular to a three-dimensional modeling and layered arrangement method and system based on an indoor model of a conical sand sliding slope. Background Art

[0002] Sand-slip slope refers to a conical slope formed by the accumulation of sand and debris at the foot of a steep slope under the action of its own gravity. A typical sand-slip slope includes the generation, movement and accumulation of sand and debris. Therefore, a sand-slip slope is composed of a source area, a movement area and an accumulation area. It is a special gravity erosion disaster. Sand-slip slopes are distributed in arid and semi-arid areas, such as western Sichuan, eastern Tibet, and southern Gansu and Shaanxi in my country. They are characterized by significant development, high distribution frequency and high dispersion density, posing a threat to the operation of railways and highways along the line and the safety of residents.

[0003] Slope model test is an experimental method used to simulate and study the stability and deformation characteristics of rock and soil slopes under different influencing factors. By simulating the soil structure and geological conditions in the real site indoors, the stability of the slope can be evaluated and predicted. Therefore, field surveys are conducted on typical sand-slip slopes, key data are extracted, and scaled models are established indoors to study the instability mechanism and evolution law of sand-slip slopes under different working conditions, which has certain reference and guiding significance for slope design and construction in actual projects.

[0004] Common slope test models are mostly trapezoidal or have the same slope profile, while the typical sand sliding slope on site is semi-conical with a "convex upper and concave lower" landform structure. If the sand sliding slope is laid out in a traditional shape, the slope morphology and landform characteristics in the actual terrain cannot be taken into account in the model test, thereby reducing the accuracy and reliability of the slope stability study. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to design and layout an accurate indoor model of a sand-sliding slope with special geomorphic features and improve the accuracy and reliability of slope stability research, the present application provides a three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method and system based on a conical sand-sliding slope indoor model.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method based on a conical sand slide indoor model, using the following technical solution:

[0007] A three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method for a conical sand-sliding slope indoor model, comprising:

[0008] Obtain the actual size data of the sand slide slope at the work site and the concave-convex characteristics of the actual terrain;

[0009] According to the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, the similarity ratio is analyzed and determined, and the dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated using the similarity ratio determined by the analysis;

[0010] The dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated according to the determined similarity ratio, and the basic profile of the slope is drawn. The undulation of the slope line is adjusted according to the concave and convex characteristics of the actual terrain obtained to form an adjusted two-dimensional slope profile.

[0011] The adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is rotated to form a three-dimensional conical slope, and the conical slope is cut in layers according to the preset relative distribution positions of sensors and the preset paved soil thickness to obtain slope parts at different levels;

[0012] For the drawn and processed three-dimensional conical slope model, each layer of soil in the model is traversed, the relevant information of each layer of soil is recorded, and the volume of each layer of soil is calculated, and the batch calculation of earthwork volume is realized. The relevant information of the soil includes plane size, thickness and location;

[0013] According to the calculated earthwork volume and the thickness of each soil layer, the model box is marked with layers, and the distribution area of ​​the slope is marked in the model box according to the size data and geometric proportion of the slope;

[0014] According to the volume and density of each layer of soil, the mass of soil required for each layer is calculated. Starting from the bottom of the model box, fill it layer by layer according to the marked layering lines until all soil layers are filled, that is, a complete conical slope model is piled up in the model box.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solutions, through accurate data acquisition and analysis, a high degree of simulation of the real sand sliding slope was achieved. This method not only draws the three-dimensional conical slope in detail, but also ensures the accuracy and practicality of the model through scientific calculation of earthwork volume. The layered filling design makes the model more refined and can intuitively show the topographic characteristics of the sand sliding slope, providing strong visual and data analysis support for related research.

[0016] Optionally, based on the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, a similarity ratio is analyzed and determined, and the dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated using the similarity ratio determined by the analysis, including:

[0017] Obtaining basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles of the sand slide slope at the construction site, wherein the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles at least include shear strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of soil particles;

[0018] According to the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, the similarity ratio is analyzed and determined as the initial similarity ratio;

[0019] Input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles into the preset comprehensive correction model, and calculate the comprehensive correction coefficient by combining the preset weights of each parameter;

[0020] The comprehensive correction coefficient is multiplied by the initial similarity ratio, and the product obtained is the similarity ratio after correction, and it is analyzed whether the similarity ratio after correction is less than the preset minimum size requirement of the measurement accuracy;

[0021] If not, the corrected similarity ratio is used as the similarity ratio for this application, and the similarity ratio determined by the analysis is used to calculate the dimensions of the scaled slope;

[0022] If yes, the comprehensive correction coefficient is increased until the similarity ratio after correction meets the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy, and the comprehensive correction coefficient is multiplied by the initial similarity ratio to obtain the corrected similarity ratio, and the similarity ratio determined by analysis is used to calculate the various dimensions of the scaled slope.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution and introducing the physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles, the accuracy and practicality of size calculation are improved. The use of the comprehensive correction model ensures the scientific correction of the similarity ratio, making the slope size more in line with the actual situation. At the same time, by continuously adjusting the comprehensive correction coefficient to meet the measurement accuracy requirements, the reliability and research value of the model are further enhanced.

[0024] Optionally, various dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated according to the determined similarity ratio, a basic profile of the slope is drawn, and the undulation of the slope line is adjusted according to the concave and convex features of the actual terrain obtained, so as to form an adjusted two-dimensional slope profile including:

[0025] Draw a section of the midline of the slope to form the outline of a right triangle;

[0026] On the hypotenuse of the right triangle, determine the concave and convex turning points of the curve according to preset requirements and adjust the thickness of the convex part and the depth of the concave part;

[0027] Adjust the nodes on the hypotenuse of the triangle to form a slope line that is convex upward and concave downward. At the same time, project the designed slope line in the horizontal direction and mark the horizontal length of the concave and convex turning points.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, the slope line undulation is finely adjusted to achieve accurate simulation of real terrain features. The central axis section is drawn to form a right-angled triangle outline, providing a clear benchmark for slope design. By presetting concave and convex turning points and adjusting thickness and depth, as well as adjusting nodes to form convex and concave slope lines, the model is made more realistic and practical. Horizontal projection and turning point markings further enhance the readability and research value of the model.

[0029] Optionally, the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is rotated to form a three-dimensional conical slope, and the conical slope is cut in layers according to the preset relative distribution positions of the sensors and the preset thickness of the paved soil, so that the slope parts at different levels include:

[0030] Based on the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile, a three-dimensional conical slope is constructed using curve rotation forming technology;

[0031] The constructed three-dimensional conical slope is placed into the drawn model box according to the actual position to ensure the accurate position of the slope in the three-dimensional space. The position of the dividing line and the cutting scale are divided according to the preset relative distribution position of the sensors and the preset paved soil thickness. The divided dividing line is linearly extruded to form a dividing interface and the three-dimensional slope is cut;

[0032] The cutting function is used to remove the interface part extending outside the slope surface, and the closed surface combination processing is performed on different layers of three-dimensional geometric soil bodies;

[0033] Classify the processed soil layers into different layers one by one and name them according to their layer positions.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, a three-dimensional conical slope is formed by rotating the two-dimensional slope profile, realizing the three-dimensional simulation of the real sand sliding slope terrain. Combining the sensor distribution and soil thickness for layered cutting not only shows the internal hierarchical structure of the slope, but also helps to accurately calculate the subsequent earthwork volume. The accuracy and closure of the slope layering are ensured by the linear extrusion and cutting functions. This processing flow improves the precision and practicality of the model, provides more intuitive and comprehensive data support for geological research and engineering design, and promotes scientific research progress and practical applications in related fields.

[0035] Optionally, for the drawn and processed three-dimensional conical slope model, each layer of soil in the model is traversed, and the volume of each layer of soil is calculated, and batch calculation of earthwork volume is realized, including:

[0036] Start the Rhino Python script editor, traverse all layer information in the current model, and store the layer information;

[0037] Use the script to activate the stored layers one by one and obtain the geometry information of the currently activated layer. For each activated layer, the script will check whether the geometry in it is closed;

[0038] If yes, the script will perform the volume calculation and save the result.

[0039] If not, the volume calculation result will be set to 0;

[0040] Export volume calculation results for all layers.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, each layer of soil in the three-dimensional conical slope model is traversed and volume calculated through Rhino Python script, realizing efficient and accurate batch processing of earthwork. This method has a high degree of automation, avoids the tediousness and errors of manual calculation, and greatly improves work efficiency. At the same time, the accuracy of volume calculation is ensured by checking whether the geometric body is closed, making the result more reliable.

[0042] Optionally, the mass of soil required for each layer is calculated based on the volume of each layer of soil and its density, and the soil is filled layer by layer starting from the bottom of the model box according to the marked layering lines until all the soil layers are filled, that is, a complete conical slope model is completed in the model box. The model includes:

[0043] The calculated earthwork volume and basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles are used as input objects and input into the trained neural network model to output the target physical and mechanical parameters;

[0044] Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal sand-soil ratio, and the sand-soil ratio is used as the decision variable. The goal is to minimize the difference between the predicted physical and mechanical parameters and the actual sand slide parameters of the working point.

[0045] Prepare the test sand sample according to the sand-soil ratio you are looking for;

[0046] With the horizontal length of the slope as the radius and the intersection of the vertical height of the tapered slope and the horizontal length as the origin, draw an arc to determine the bottom area of ​​the slope, and draw the accumulation area of ​​the slope on both sides of the model box and the profile of the slope centerline. At the same time, on the inner surface of the model box, make layered annotations of different heights on the leaning side and both sides of the slope.

[0047] Weigh the earth and stone volume at the corresponding layer height, pile up the slope inside the boundary line, and arrange the corresponding positions at the level where the sensor monitoring is installed;

[0048] After the slope accumulation is completed, the overall shape of the slope is adjusted until the conical structure and concave-convex landform characteristics of the slope are restored.

[0049] By adopting the above technical solutions, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope model were accurately predicted and optimized through the neural network model and genetic algorithm, and the sand-soil ratio was optimized, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the model. Through meticulous layered filling and sensor deployment, not only the real slope cone structure and concave-convex landform features were restored, but also rich data support was provided for subsequent monitoring and analysis.

[0050] In the second aspect, the present application provides a three-dimensional modeling and layered layout system for an indoor model of a conical sand slide slope, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0051] A three-dimensional modeling and layered layout system for an indoor model of a conical sand-sliding slope comprises a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program can be loaded and executed by the processor to implement a three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method for an indoor model of a conical sand-sliding slope as described in the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method of a conical sand sliding slope indoor model in an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of another embodiment of the present application, which analyzes and determines the similarity ratio based on the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand sliding slope, and uses the analyzed and determined similarity ratio to calculate the various sizes of the scaled slope.

[0054] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of obtaining the minimum size requirement of the measurement accuracy preset in another embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the geometric bodies for closed surface combination processing of different layers of three-dimensional geometric soil bodies mentioned in step S430 of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 , is a three-dimensional modeling and layered layout method of a conical sand-sliding slope indoor model disclosed in this application, comprising:

[0058] Step S100, obtaining actual size data of the sand sliding slope at the work site and the concave-convex features of the actual terrain.

[0059] Among them, the construction site sand sliding slope refers to the sand sliding slope at a specific engineering site. Sand sliding slope is a landform where loose materials such as sand and soil slide or roll down on the slope due to natural or human factors. For example, in mountain road construction, some sand sliding slopes may be formed due to mountain weathering, rain erosion, etc.

[0060] The actual size data includes the linear dimensions of the sand sliding slope, such as length, width, height, and the angle of the slope, the area of ​​the top and bottom of the slope, and other data. To obtain the actual size data, surveying instruments such as total stations and GPS can be used for field measurements. Surveyors can set measurement control points around the sand sliding slope, and then use surveying instruments to measure various locations of the sand sliding slope to obtain accurate size data.

[0061] The actual terrain features refer to the undulations on the surface of the sand-sliding slope, including raised rocks, sunken gullies, etc. These features will affect the stability of the sand-sliding slope and the flow direction of the water. For example, there may be a huge rock protrusion on a sand-sliding slope, which will change the flow path of the sand on the slope.

[0062] The acquisition of the concave and convex features of the actual terrain involves the following processes, as follows: 1. Image acquisition: Use a high-resolution camera or drone to take multi-angle shots to ensure that the entire sand-slipping slope area is covered. 2. Image preprocessing: De-noise the acquired images, enhance contrast, and other processing to improve the clarity and readability of the images. 3. Feature extraction: Use digital image processing algorithms to automatically extract the concave and convex features of the terrain. For example, edge detection algorithms can be used to identify edge information in images, which usually correspond to convex and concave areas of the terrain. 4. Three-dimensional reconstruction: By stereo matching and three-dimensional reconstruction of multiple images, a three-dimensional model of the sand-slipping slope can be obtained. This model can provide more accurate terrain information, including the height and shape of concave and convex features. 5. Data analysis: Perform data analysis on the three-dimensional model, such as calculating parameters such as the slope and curvature of the terrain to quantify the degree of concave and convexity of the terrain.

[0063] Step S200: Analyze and determine the similarity ratio based on the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand sliding slope, and use the similarity ratio determined by the analysis to calculate various dimensions of the scaled slope.

[0064] Among them, the model box size data refers to the length, width, height and other dimensions of the box used to build the indoor model. The model box is a container used to hold and simulate the sand slide. The determination of its size needs to consider factors such as the needs of the experiment, site conditions, and the similarity ratio of the model. Similarity ratio refers to the size ratio between the indoor model and the actual sand slide.

[0065] The process of analyzing and determining the similarity ratio is as follows: Based on the size of the model box and the actual size of the sand slide, analyze and determine the similarity ratio. There are many methods to determine the similarity ratio, such as geometric similarity method, physical similarity method, etc. Taking the geometric similarity method as an example, the similarity ratio can be determined according to the ratio of the length of the model box to the actual length of the sand slide. In this example, the length of the model box is 1 meter, the actual length of the sand slide is 50 meters, and the similarity ratio is 1:50.

[0066] The process of calculating the various dimensions of the scaled slope is as follows: Use the determined similarity ratio to calculate the various dimensions of the scaled slope. Reduce the actual dimensions of the sand slide slope according to the similarity ratio to obtain the dimensions of the slope in the model. For example, if the actual height of the sand slide slope is 20 meters and the similarity ratio is 1:50, then the height of the slope in the model is 20÷50=0.4 meters. Similarly, the length, width, slope angle and other dimensions of the slope in the model can be calculated.

[0067] Step S300, calculate various dimensions of the scaled slope according to the determined similarity ratio, draw the basic profile of the slope, and adjust the undulation of the slope line according to the concave-convex characteristics of the actual terrain obtained to form an adjusted two-dimensional slope profile.

[0068] Among them, the basic slope profile refers to the preliminary description of the slope on a two-dimensional plane, usually including the contour line of the slope, the boundary line of different soil layers, etc. It is the basis for constructing a three-dimensional slope surface. The undulation of the slope surface refers to the degree of ups and downs of the slope surface, reflecting the performance of the concave and convex features of the actual terrain on the slope surface. By adjusting the undulation of the slope surface line, the model can simulate the actual terrain more accurately.

[0069] The process of drawing the basic profile of the slope is as follows: calculate the various dimensions of the scaled slope according to the similarity ratio determined in step S200, and draw the basic profile of the slope in drawing software (such as CAD, etc.) or on a drawing. The basic profile should include the upper and lower boundaries of the slope, the approximate positions of different soil layers, etc. For example, if the slope is divided into three different layers of soil, the boundary lines of the three layers should be clearly drawn in the profile. Determine the slope's slope and shape, and accurately draw the contour line of the slope according to the scaled dimensions.

[0070] The process of adjusting the undulation of the slope line is as follows: 1. Determine the adjustment reference point: Select some key positions on the basic profile as the reference points for adjustment. These points can be the apex of the slope, the midpoint of the bottom edge, important terrain change points, etc. For the convex or concave areas with obvious signs in the actual terrain, find the corresponding positions on the basic profile and determine them as the key adjustment reference points. 2. Adjustment of the convex area: When there is an obvious convex area in the actual terrain, determine the range that needs to be adjusted at the corresponding position on the slope of the model. According to the height and scale of the actual convexity, combined with the similarity ratio, calculate the height value that should be increased in the model. Use drawing software or tools to perform a local elevation operation on the slope line at this position. You can adjust the node coordinates of the line segment or use the deformation tool of the software to make the slope line rise up to a certain height to simulate the convex effect in the actual terrain. Smooth the adjusted part to ensure that the transition of the slope line is natural and there will be no sharp angles or discontinuities. 3. Adjustment of the concave area: For the concave area in the actual terrain, also determine the corresponding position on the model slope. Analyze the depth and range of the depression, and calculate the height value that should be lowered in the model based on the similarity ratio. Perform a local reduction operation on the corresponding position of the slope line, and lower the slope line by adjusting the node coordinates or using the deformation tool. Smoothly connect the adjusted depression part with the surrounding slope to ensure the continuity of the overall slope line.

[0071] The process of forming the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is as follows: after adjusting the undulation of the slope line, the obtained two-dimensional profile with actual terrain characteristics is the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile.

[0072] Step S400, rotating the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile into a three-dimensional conical slope, and cutting the conical slope in layers according to the preset relative distribution positions of the sensors and the preset laying soil thickness to obtain slope parts at different levels.

[0073] The process of forming a 3D conical slope is as follows: Based on the 2D slope profile, use 3D modeling software or mathematical methods to rotate it around an axis. For example, a 2D profile can be rotated around a vertical axis to form a 3D slope in the shape of a cone. During the rotation process, ensure the continuity and smoothness of the slope to avoid obvious edges or unnatural transitions.

[0074] Relative distribution of sensors: The relative position of sensors in the conical slope determined according to the experimental requirements and the key areas of sand slide monitoring, such as the height from the top of the slope, the horizontal position on the slope, etc. Paved soil thickness: The thickness of each layer of soil preset when building the model. This thickness is usually determined based on the similarity ratio and actual engineering conditions to ensure that the model can accurately reflect the structural characteristics of the actual sand slide slope.

[0075] The processing basis for layered cutting is as follows: According to the preset relative distribution positions of sensors, determine the specific positions where sensors need to be arranged in the three-dimensional conical slope. These positions will serve as important reference points for layered cutting to ensure that the sensors can be accurately installed in the corresponding soil layers. At the same time, considering the preset laying soil thickness, determine the thickness range of each layer of soil. This will determine the interval of layered cutting.

[0076] The specific process of layered cutting is as follows: Use the cutting tool of the 3D modeling software or a specific algorithm to perform layered cutting on the 3D conical slope. Starting from the bottom of the slope, cut in sequence according to the preset soil thickness to divide the slope into different layers. During the cutting process, ensure that the boundaries of each layer are clear, so that each layer of soil can be analyzed and processed separately later. Pay special attention to the cutting accuracy for the location of the sensor to ensure that the sensor can be accurately installed in the corresponding soil layer. For details, please refer to Figure 4 .

[0077] The process of obtaining slope parts is as follows: After the layered cutting is completed, different layers of slope parts are obtained. Each part represents a specific soil layer with a specific thickness and position. These slope parts are marked and organized, such as using numbers or letters to represent different layers, so that they can be identified and operated in subsequent experiments and analyses.

[0078] Step S500, traverse each soil layer in the drawn and processed three-dimensional conical slope model, record the relevant information of each soil layer, calculate the volume of each soil layer, and realize batch calculation of earthwork volume. The relevant information of the soil includes plane size, thickness and location.

[0079] Among them, the three-dimensional conical slope model: the conical slope model with a certain shape and structure constructed in the previous steps, including soil parts at different levels. Each layer of soil: each independent soil layer obtained after the conical slope is cut into layers, each layer has a specific thickness and position. Earthwork volume: the total volume of all soil in the entire conical slope model, used to measure the quantity and scale of soil in the model.

[0080] The process of traversing the soil layers is as follows: Use programming tools or specific 3D modeling software functions to visit each layer of soil in the 3D conical slope model one by one. A loop structure can be used to traverse each soil layer upward from the first layer at the bottom of the slope. During the traversal process, record the relevant information of each layer of soil, such as its location, thickness, etc.

[0081] In addition to the plane size, thickness and location, the relevant information of the soil also includes shape characteristics, density, slope and boundary conditions.

[0082] Plane dimensions: Includes the length and width of each layer of soil in the horizontal direction. This information can be obtained by measuring the model or from the design drawings. With the plane dimensions, combined with the thickness information, the volume of each layer of soil can be calculated.

[0083] Shape characteristics: If the shape of the soil is irregular, it is necessary to understand its approximate shape characteristics, such as whether it is approximately a trapezoid, triangle, etc. This can help choose the appropriate volume calculation method.

[0084] Density: The density of soil is a key factor in calculating mass (volume of earth and stone). Different types of soil may have different densities, which need to be determined through experiments or reference to relevant data.

[0085] Slope: If the slope surface has a slope, the effect of the slope on the soil volume calculation needs to be considered. The slope information can be obtained by measurement or from the model.

[0086] Boundary conditions: clarify the boundary conditions of each layer of soil, such as whether there is overlap with other layers of soil, whether there is a special connection with the boundary of the model, etc. This helps to accurately calculate the volume and avoid repeated calculations or missing parts of the soil.

[0087] The process of calculating the volume of each layer of soil is as follows: According to the geometric shape and size of each layer of soil, select the appropriate volume calculation method. If each layer of soil is approximately a regular shape, such as a part of a cuboid or a cylinder, the corresponding geometric formula can be used for calculation. For example, for a soil layer that is approximately a cuboid, the volume can be calculated using the formula of length × width × height.

[0088] For soil layers with more complex shapes, you can consider dividing them into multiple small, approximately regular parts, calculating the volumes of each part separately and then summing them up. The specific calculation is as follows: measure the dimensions of each small part separately, such as length, width and thickness (the thickness here can be considered to be the same as the thickness of the entire layer, or adjusted appropriately according to actual conditions). Calculate the volume of each small part using the volume formula, and add up the volumes of all small parts.

[0089] The batch calculation of earthwork volume is as follows: the volume calculation results of each layer of soil are accumulated. The accumulation process is automated through programming to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation. During the accumulation process, the current earthwork volume calculation results can be displayed in real time for monitoring and verification.

[0090] Step S600, marking layers inside the model box according to the calculated earthwork volume and thickness of each soil layer, and marking the distribution area of ​​the slope in the model box according to the size data and geometric proportion of the slope.

[0091] The thickness of each soil layer is the vertical height of each soil layer determined when the conical slope is cut in layers. Layer marking: lines marked inside the model box according to the positions of different soil layers, used to distinguish different soil layers.

[0092] The process of marking the layers according to the volume of earth and the thickness of the soil is as follows: Using the calculated volume of earth and the known thickness of each layer of soil, the total number of soil layers in the model can be determined. Inside the model box, start from the bottom and mark upwards according to the thickness of each layer of soil. You can use a ruler, pencil, etc. to draw clear lines on the inner wall or bottom of the model box to represent the boundaries of different soil layers. Ensure the precision and accuracy of the marking so that you can accurately follow the layers when filling the soil.

[0093] Slope distribution area: the specific range occupied by the conical slope model in the model box, including the positions of the slope top, slope bottom and slope surface.

[0094] The process of marking the slope distribution area according to the slope dimension data and geometric proportion is as follows: Based on the slope dimension data (such as slope height, slope length, slope angle, etc.) determined in the previous step and the geometric proportion relationship calculated by the similarity ratio. Determine the position and range of the conical slope model in the model box. You can use a marker or other obvious marking method to mark the approximate position of the slope top, slope bottom and slope surface on the bottom and side of the model box. When marking, consider the actual size of the model box and the size of the slope model to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the marking, so that the distribution area of ​​the slope can be clearly identified when filling the soil and conducting experiments.

[0095] Step S700, calculate the mass of soil required for each layer according to the volume and density of each layer of soil, and start filling from the bottom of the model box, layer by layer according to the marked layering lines, until all soil layers are filled, that is, a complete conical slope model is piled up in the model box.

[0096] The volume of each soil layer: the space occupied by each soil layer of the conical slope model calculated in step S500. The density of the soil: the ratio of the mass to the volume of a specific soil, which reflects the compactness and material composition characteristics of the soil. The mass of the soil required for each layer: the weight of the soil layer calculated based on the volume and density of each soil layer, which is used to determine the amount of soil required for filling.

[0097] The process of calculating the mass of soil required for each layer is as follows: Given the volume of each layer of soil, combined with the density of the soil, the mass of soil required for each layer can be calculated using the formula "mass = volume × density". To ensure the use of accurate soil density values, density data for specific soils can be obtained through experimental measurements or by consulting relevant materials. Calculate each layer of soil separately to obtain the specific mass value of soil required for each layer.

[0098] Start filling from the bottom of the model box: Follow the marked layering lines and start filling the soil from the bottom of the model box. First, prepare the required soil materials. You can obtain the soil that meets the requirements by collecting, purchasing or other means. Pour the soil materials into the bottom of the model box and use tools (such as shovels, flat plates, etc.) to level and compact it to ensure that the soil is tightly packed and as close to the soil state in the actual project as possible.

[0099] The process of filling layer by layer is as follows: fill each layer of soil upwards in turn according to the calculated soil mass required for each layer. During the filling process, pay attention to controlling the thickness and uniformity of each layer of soil to match the marked layering line. Measuring tools can be used for inspection and adjustment. Appropriate compaction treatment is performed on each layer of soil to increase the stability of the soil and simulate the mechanical properties of the soil in actual engineering.

[0100] The above filling process can be achieved by driving a pre-configured robot, which must meet the following conditions: an industrial robot or a special robot with sufficient load capacity, precision and flexibility. For example, a multi-jointed robot or a crawler mobile robot can be selected, equipped with corresponding grasping and filling tools.

[0101] The pre-configured robot also needs to be equipped with various sensors to perceive the environment and the filling process. This can include visual sensors (such as cameras) to identify the position of the model box and the soil, distance sensors to measure the filling height, and force sensors to detect force feedback during the grasping and filling process. In addition, the pre-configured robot must also be equipped with a control system that can receive sensor data, plan the robot's movement path and actions, and drive the robot to perform filling tasks. The control system can use a combination of computer software and hardware, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a robot operating system (ROS).

[0102] In addition, the operation of the robot also needs to consider data preparation and planning. The specific settings are as follows: 1. Import model data: Import the design data of the tapered slope model (including dimensions, layering information, soil volume and mass, etc.) into the robot control system. This can be done through computer-aided design (CAD) software or other data formats. 2. Motion planning: Plan the robot's motion path based on the location and size of the model box, as well as the order and requirements of filling. This can include the path from the soil storage area to the model box, the filling trajectory in the model box, etc. Motion planning should consider factors such as the robot's range of motion, obstacle avoidance, and efficiency. 3. Tool selection and configuration: According to the characteristics of the filling task, select appropriate grabbing and filling tools and install them on the robot. For example, you can choose a shovel, grab or other specially designed tools to adapt to different types of soil and filling requirements.

[0103] The specific filling process of the robot is as follows: 1. Soil grabbing: The robot moves to the soil storage area and uses the grabbing tool to grab an appropriate amount of soil. According to the feedback from the sensor, adjust the grabbing force and position to ensure stable grabbing of the soil. 2. Transport to the model box: The robot carries the grabbed soil and moves to the side of the model box. During transportation, pay attention to keep the soil stable to avoid falling or scattering. 3. Filling operation: According to the planned movement path and layering line, the robot accurately pours the soil into the designated position in the model box. Visual sensors and force sensors can be used for real-time adjustments to ensure that the uniform distribution and thickness of the soil meet the requirements. During the filling process, appropriate compaction operations can be performed to increase the stability of the soil. 4. Repeat steps: Repeat the soil grabbing, transportation and filling operations until all soil layers are filled. After each layer is filled, the robot can use sensors to check and adjust to ensure that the filling quality meets the requirements.

[0104] Reference Figure 2 According to the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, the similarity ratio is analyzed and determined. The dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated using the similarity ratio determined by the analysis, including:

[0105] Step S210, obtaining basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles in the sand slide slope at the construction site.

[0106] Among them, the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles include at least the shear strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of soil particles.

[0107] Among them, soil particle shear strength: the ability of rock and soil to resist shear failure, usually determined by the internal friction angle and cohesion. It reflects the strength characteristics of soil when subjected to shear force. Cohesion: the bonding force between soil particles, which gives the soil a certain integrity. It is part of the force of soil to resist shear failure, especially in cohesionless soil, where cohesion may be small or zero. Internal friction angle: the friction characteristics between soil particles determine the resistance of soil during shear. The larger the internal friction angle, the higher the shear strength of soil. Shear modulus: reflects the deformation characteristics of soil under shear stress and is a measure of soil stiffness. The larger the shear modulus, the smaller the deformation of soil under shear force. Poisson's ratio: describes the relationship between lateral deformation and longitudinal deformation of soil. It reflects the ratio of the degree of lateral contraction or expansion of soil under stress to the longitudinal deformation.

[0108] The basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil particles in the sand slide slope of the construction site are mainly obtained by the following tests, as follows:

[0109] Laboratory testing: Representative rock and soil samples are collected from the sand slide slope at the construction site and brought back to the laboratory for a series of physical and mechanical tests. For example, direct shear tests can be used to determine the shear strength, cohesion and internal friction angle of soil particles; dynamic triaxial tests can be used to measure parameters such as shear modulus and Poisson's ratio.

[0110] On-site testing: In-situ testing at the sand slide site, such as static penetration test, cross-plate shear test, etc., can directly obtain some physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil. These test methods can more realistically reflect the properties of the rock and soil in its natural state.

[0111] Data collation and recording involve the following two aspects, as follows:

[0112] Test result collation: collate and analyze the data obtained from laboratory tests and field tests. Remove outliers and calculate statistical parameters such as mean and standard deviation to evaluate the reliability and dispersion of the data.

[0113] Parameter recording: The basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil particles (soil particle shear strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio) determined shall be recorded in detail, including information such as test method, sample source, test conditions, etc. These parameters will be used for subsequent similarity ratio analysis and slope size calculation.

[0114] Step S220: Analyze and determine a similarity ratio as an initial similarity ratio based on the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope.

[0115] The process of analyzing and determining the similarity ratio is as follows: Choose a main dimension as a reference, usually length or height. In this example, we choose length as the reference dimension. Calculate the similarity ratio. The similarity ratio is equal to the ratio of the length of the model box to the actual length of the sand slide. That is, similarity ratio = model box length / actual length of the sand slide = 1 meter / 50 meters = 1:50.

[0116] Step S230, input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil particles into a preset comprehensive correction model, and calculate the comprehensive correction coefficient in combination with the preset weights of each parameter.

[0117] Among them, the comprehensive correction model can be established based on empirical formulas, theoretical derivations or experimental data. For example, a formula based on similarity theory can be used to establish a relationship between each physical and mechanical parameter and the similarity ratio. The model can be in the form of a linear combination, an exponential function, a power function, etc., depending on the nature of the parameters and the way they affect the similarity ratio. Assume that the comprehensive correction model using a linear combination is in the form of: comprehensive correction coefficient = w1×parameter 1+w2×parameter 2+…+wn×parameter n, where w1, w2,…,wn are the weights of each parameter, and parameter 1, parameter 2,…,parameter n are the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles.

[0118] The weight of each parameter can be determined through expert experience, statistical analysis or sensitivity analysis.

[0119] The process of calculating the comprehensive correction coefficient is as follows: Input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil particles into the comprehensive correction model. Calculate the comprehensive correction coefficient according to the determined weights of each parameter. For example, assuming that the shear strength of the soil particles is T, the cohesion is C, the internal friction angle is φ, the shear modulus is G, and the Poisson's ratio is ν, and the weights of each parameter are wT, wC, wφ, wG, and wν, then the comprehensive correction coefficient = wT×T+wC×C+wφ×φ+wG×G+wν×ν.

[0120] Step S240, multiply the comprehensive correction coefficient by the initial similarity ratio, obtain the product as the corrected similarity ratio, and analyze whether the corrected similarity ratio is less than the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy. If not, execute step S250; if yes, execute step S260.

[0121] Among them, the preset minimum size requirement for measurement accuracy: in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model, the preset minimum size requirement corresponding to the similarity ratio. If the similarity ratio is too small, the details in the model may not be accurately reflected, affecting the measurement accuracy.

[0122] The calculation of the corrected similarity ratio is as follows: multiply the comprehensive correction coefficient by the initial similarity ratio to obtain the corrected similarity ratio. For example, if the initial similarity ratio is K0 and the comprehensive correction coefficient is α, then the corrected similarity ratio K1=α×K0.

[0123] The process of analysis and judgment is as follows: compare the corrected similarity ratio with the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy. If the corrected similarity ratio is less than the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy, it means that the similarity ratio may be too small, which will affect the accuracy and measurement accuracy of the model. In this case, execute step S250. If the corrected similarity ratio is not less than the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy, it means that the similarity ratio is within an acceptable range and subsequent calculations can be continued. In this case, execute step S260.

[0124] Step S250: The corrected similarity ratio is used as the similarity ratio for this application, and the similarity ratio determined by analysis is used to calculate various dimensions of the scaled slope.

[0125] Step S260, increase the comprehensive correction coefficient until the corrected similarity ratio meets the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy, multiply the comprehensive correction coefficient by the initial similarity ratio to obtain the corrected similarity ratio, and use the similarity ratio determined by analysis to calculate the various dimensions of the scaled slope.

[0126] The comprehensive correction coefficient is increased as follows: When it is determined that the similarity ratio after correction does not meet the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy, the comprehensive correction coefficient needs to be increased. It can be increased step by step, such as increasing a fixed small value each time, or dynamically adjusted according to a certain algorithm. For example, the comprehensive correction coefficient can be increased by 0.1 first, and the similarity ratio after correction can be recalculated and judged. If it still does not meet the requirements, continue to increase the comprehensive correction coefficient until it meets the requirements.

[0127] Repeated calculation of the corrected similarity ratio: As the comprehensive correction coefficient increases, multiply it by the initial similarity ratio and recalculate the corrected similarity ratio. For example, if the initial similarity ratio is K0 and the improved comprehensive correction coefficient is α', then the new corrected similarity ratio K2=α'×K0.

[0128] Reference Figure 3 , the acquisition of the preset minimum size requirements for measurement accuracy includes:

[0129] Step SA00, obtaining the minimum size requirement of the basic measurement accuracy and the distribution probability of the error sources generated by the experiment, the error sources include equipment error, operation error, and environmental factors.

[0130] Specifically, equipment error is caused by the accuracy limitations, stability problems, or inaccurate calibration of the equipment used in the experiment. For example, the limited resolution of the measuring instrument and the drift of the sensor may cause equipment error.

[0131] Operational Error: Error caused by human factors during the experiment. This may include improper operation, inaccurate readings, improper sample handling, etc. The magnitude of the operational error depends on the operator's skill level, experience, and familiarity with the experimental process.

[0132] Environmental factors: Errors caused by various factors in the experimental environment affecting the experimental results. For example, changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure, vibration, electromagnetic field interference, etc. may affect the measurement accuracy of the experiment.

[0133] Analyze the distribution probability of error sources: For each identified error source, determine its distribution probability in the experiment through statistical analysis, experimental testing, or derivation of theoretical models.

[0134] You can collect data from previous experiments and analyze the frequency of occurrence of different error sources to determine their distribution probability. For example, if in previous experiments, the number of times that equipment errors occurred accounted for 30% of the total number of experiments, then the distribution probability of equipment errors can be considered to be 0.3.

[0135] You can also repeat the experiment many times, record the occurrence of different error sources, and then calculate their distribution probability. For example, if you conduct 100 experiments and there are 20 operation errors, then the distribution probability of operation errors is 0.2.

[0136] For environmental factors, the probability of their impact on the experimental results can be determined by monitoring the changes in the parameters of the experimental environment and combining them with the derivation of the theoretical model. For example, if the impact of temperature changes on the experimental results conforms to the normal distribution, and within a certain temperature range, the probability that the temperature change causes the experimental result error is 0.1, then the distribution probability of the environmental factor can be considered to be 0.1.

[0137] Step SB00, based on the correspondence between different error sources and the affected measurement accuracy values ​​and the distribution probability of the error sources generated by the experiment, analyze and determine the effective value affecting the measurement accuracy as a safety margin.

[0138] Among them, the corresponding relationship between different error sources and measurement accuracy values ​​is determined as follows:

[0139] For equipment errors, the specific impact of equipment errors on measurement accuracy can be determined by consulting the equipment's technical specifications, conducting calibration experiments, or referring to previous experimental data. For example, if the accuracy of a certain measuring instrument is ±0.1mm, then when using the instrument for measurement, the equipment error may cause the measurement result to fluctuate 0.1mm above or below the true value.

[0140] For operational errors, the impact of operational errors on measurement accuracy can be determined by analyzing the operator's skill level, the execution of operational specifications, and repeated experiments. For example, if the operator has a certain deviation when reading the measurement data, it may cause the measurement result to have an error within the range of ±0.2mm.

[0141] For environmental factors, the impact of environmental factors on measurement accuracy can be determined by monitoring changes in the experimental environment and conducting experimental verification. For example, temperature changes may cause small changes in the size of the material, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0142] The effective value is analyzed in combination with the probability distribution of the error sources as follows: According to the probability distribution of the error sources determined in step SA00, the influence of each error source on the measurement accuracy is weighted. Assuming that the distribution probability of the equipment error is P1, the corresponding measurement accuracy influence value is E1; the distribution probability of the operation error is P2, and the corresponding measurement accuracy influence value is E2; the distribution probability of the environmental factor is P3, and the corresponding measurement accuracy influence value is E3. Then the effective value affecting the measurement accuracy can be calculated by the following formula: effective value = P1×E1+P2×E2+P3×E3.

[0143] For example, if the distribution probability of equipment error is 0.3, the corresponding measurement accuracy impact value is ±0.1mm; the distribution probability of operation error is 0.4, the corresponding measurement accuracy impact value is ±0.2mm; the distribution probability of environmental factors is 0.3, the corresponding measurement accuracy impact value is ±0.15mm.

[0144] The effective value that affects the measurement accuracy is calculated as follows: 0.3×0.1+0.4×0.2+0.3×0.15=0.03+0.08+0.045=0.155mm.

[0145] Step SC00, analyzing and obtaining the minimum size requirement of the measurement accuracy according to the safety margin and the initially set minimum size requirement of the basic measurement accuracy.

[0146] Analyze the impact of safety margin on basic measurement accuracy: Safety margin represents the sum of the impact that various error sources may have on the measurement results. Its existence means that in addition to the initial minimum size requirement of basic measurement accuracy, a certain size margin needs to be considered to ensure that the actual measurement results can still meet the accuracy requirements after considering various error factors. For example, if the safety margin is ±0.1mm, and the initial minimum size requirement of basic measurement accuracy is 10mm, then in actual applications, in order to ensure the reliability of the measurement results, the minimum size requirement needs to be adjusted to greater than 10.1mm.

[0147] Adjust the basic measurement accuracy requirements in combination with the safety margin: Combine the safety margin with the initially set minimum size requirement for basic measurement accuracy to obtain the final minimum size requirement for measurement accuracy.

[0148] If the safety margin is a fixed value, it can be directly added to the minimum size requirement of the basic measurement accuracy. For example, if the minimum size requirement of the basic measurement accuracy is L0 and the safety margin is M, the minimum size requirement of the measurement accuracy is L=L0+M. If the safety margin is a range value, the appropriate adjustment method can be selected according to the actual situation. For example, the minimum size requirement of the basic measurement accuracy can be adjusted to a minimum value greater than the basic value plus the safety margin within a certain range, and less than the maximum value of the basic value plus the safety margin.

[0149] The dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated based on the determined similarity ratio, and the basic profile of the slope is drawn. The undulation of the slope line is adjusted based on the concave and convex characteristics of the actual terrain obtained, and the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is formed, including:

[0150] Step S310, drawing a central axis section of the slope to form a right triangle outline.

[0151] The central axis section of the slope: refers to the section obtained by cutting through the central axis of the slope. The outline of a right triangle: When drawing the central axis section of the slope, it can usually be simplified to the outline of a right triangle.

[0152] The process of determining the central axis of the slope is as follows: First, the central axis of the slope needs to be determined. This axis can be determined by a variety of methods, such as based on the geometric shape of the slope, terrain characteristics, or engineering design requirements. For a regularly shaped slope, the central axis can be determined by the geometric center. For example, for a rectangular slope, the central axis can be determined by connecting the midpoints of the diagonals. For an irregularly shaped slope, the central axis can be determined by methods such as topographic surveying or engineering surveys. For example, the central axis can be determined by measuring the terrain elevation data of the slope and then using interpolation or curve fitting methods.

[0153] The process of forming the outline of a right triangle is as follows: Once the central axis of the slope is determined, the outline of the right triangle can be drawn along this axis. First, determine the length of the two right-angled sides of the right triangle. One of the right-angled sides represents the height of the slope, which can be determined through measurement or engineering design requirements. The other right-angled side represents the horizontal distance of the slope, which can be calculated based on the slope and height of the slope. Then, connect the endpoints of the two right-angled sides to form a hypotenuse. This hypotenuse represents the slope surface of the slope.

[0154] Step S320, on the hypotenuse of the right triangle, determine the concave-convex turning point of the curve according to preset requirements and adjust the thickness of the convex part and the depth of the concave part.

[0155] Concave-convex turning point: the point on the slope where the slope changes from convex to concave or vice versa. These points determine the undulation of the slope line. Thickness of the convex part: the height dimension of the convex area of ​​the slope in the vertical direction. Depth of the concave part: the depth dimension of the concave area of ​​the slope in the vertical direction below the surrounding area.

[0156] Among them, the preset requirements may be preset requirements related to terrain features, including elevation change amplitude, slope change threshold, and special terrain areas.

[0157] The determination of the concave-convex turning point can be determined based on the amplitude of elevation change. When the elevation difference between two adjacent points is greater than a certain value (such as 5 meters), consider setting it as a concave-convex turning point. This can better reflect the obvious high and low changes in the terrain and make the two-dimensional slope profile closer to the actual terrain. For areas with relatively gentle elevation changes, this value can be appropriately relaxed. For example, when the elevation difference is 3-4 meters, it can be comprehensively judged in combination with other factors whether to set it as a turning point.

[0158] The determination of the concave-convex turning point can also be determined based on the slope change threshold. If the slope changes over a short distance by more than a certain angle (such as 20 degrees), the position is set as the concave-convex turning point. For example, a 30-degree slope suddenly changes to a 50-degree steep slope, which can be set as a convex turning point; conversely, a steep slope changes to a gentle slope, which can be set as a concave turning point. For slope changes over a longer distance, this threshold can be adjusted according to the uniformity of the change and the overall terrain characteristics.

[0159] Taking the adjustment based on the amplitude of elevation change as an example, the analysis and determination of the adjustment plan for the thickness of the convex part and the depth of the concave part are as follows: According to the correspondence between the interval range in which the elevation difference between two adjacent points falls and the adjustment plan for the thickness of the convex part and the depth of the concave part, the adjustment plan for the thickness of the convex part and the depth of the concave part is analyzed and determined.

[0160] The thickness adjustment plan for the raised part is as follows: If the elevation difference between two adjacent points is greater than 5 meters: the thickness of the raised part can be initially set to 10%-15% of the overall slope height. Reason: A large elevation difference may lead to uneven distribution of soil pressure, and a thicker raised part can provide better support to prevent slope instability. When the elevation difference is 3-4 meters: Combined with the slope stability and the mechanical properties of the surrounding soil, a comprehensive judgment is made. If the slope is stable and the mechanical properties of the soil are good, the thickness of the raised part can be set to 5%-10% of the slope height. Purpose: To avoid excessive increase in engineering costs and construction difficulty while simulating slight changes in terrain.

[0161] The depth adjustment plan for the concave part is as follows: Areas with large elevation differences: The depth is relatively shallow and can be set to about 0.5-1 meter (for example, areas with an elevation difference of 6 meters). Reason: The elevation difference has provided terrain undulations, and the concave part is mainly used for drainage and water flow regulation, so it does not need to be too deep. Areas with relatively gentle elevation changes: Adjust according to drainage needs and surrounding terrain.

[0162] Among them, the finite element method can also be considered to adjust the thickness of the raised part and the depth of the concave part. The specific steps are as follows:

[0163] Step S321, after determining the concave-convex turning point, parameter modeling is performed on the convex part and the concave part.

[0164] Parametric modeling includes the following steps: 1. Determine the modeling scope: Take the slope represented by the hypotenuse of the right triangle as the research object, and clarify the specific position range of the convex part and the concave part after the concave-convex turning point is determined. 2. Define parameter variables: For the convex part, define the thickness parameter as H1, and the unit is meter (m). The initial setting range of H1 is [H1_min, H1_max], for example [0.5m, 2m]. For the concave part, define the depth parameter as H2, and the unit is meter (m). The initial setting range of H2 is [H2_min, H2_max], for example [0.3m, 1.5m]. 3. Establish a parametric model: Use professional finite element modeling software, such as ABAQUS or ANSYS, to create a parametric model of the slope.

[0165] Step S322, taking the thickness of the raised portion and the depth of the recessed portion as design variables, calculating the structural performance under different parameter combinations through finite element analysis.

[0166] The related analysis of structural performance calculated by finite element analysis is as follows: 1. Define structural performance indicators: Determine the indicators used to evaluate the structural performance under different parameter combinations, such as the stability coefficient, maximum displacement, maximum stress value, etc. of the slope. The stability coefficient can be calculated by the strength reduction method in finite element analysis and has no unit; the maximum displacement unit is meter (m); the maximum stress value unit is Pascal (Pa). 2. Loading and boundary conditions: Apply actual loads and boundary conditions to the slope model. Loads can include soil deadweight, external loads, etc., and boundary conditions can include fixed boundaries, drainage boundaries, etc. For example, the bulk density of the soil is set to γ, in units of Newtons per cubic meter (N / m³); the external load size is P, in units of Newtons (N). 3. Finite element analysis calculation: Perform finite element analysis calculations for different H1 and H2 combinations. Assume that m calculations of different parameter combinations are performed, and the corresponding structural performance index values ​​are obtained each time. For example, in the i-th calculation, the thickness of the raised part is H1_i, the depth of the concave part is H2_i, the stability coefficient is S_i, the maximum displacement is D_i, and the maximum stress value is T_i.

[0167] Step S323, using the response surface method to automatically search for the optimal thickness and depth combination to meet the preset target requirements.

[0168] The process of searching for the optimal combination using the response surface method is as follows: 1. Constructing a response surface model: Constructing a response surface model based on multiple sets of data obtained by finite element analysis.

[0169] For example, using the quadratic polynomial response surface model, the stability coefficient S can be expressed as: S=a0+a1H1+a2H2+a3H1²+a4H2²+a5H1H2, where a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 are coefficients to be determined. 2. Determine the objective function and constraints: Set the preset target requirements and determine the objective function and constraints. The objective function can be to maximize the stability coefficient, minimize the maximum displacement or the maximum stress value, etc. The constraints can include the value range of thickness and depth, engineering cost restrictions, etc. For example, the objective function is to maximize the stability coefficient S, and the constraints are H1_min≤H1≤H1_max, H2_min≤H2≤H2_max, and the total cost C≤C_max, where C is the engineering cost and C_max is the preset maximum cost limit. 3. Automatically search for the optimal combination: Use the optimization algorithm of the response surface method to automatically search for the optimal thickness and depth combination that meets the target requirements. The optimization algorithm can use genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, etc. After multiple iterative calculations, the optimal convex part thickness H1_opt and concave part depth H2_opt, as well as the corresponding structural performance index values, are finally obtained.

[0170] Step S330, adjusting the nodes on the hypotenuse straight line of the triangle to form a convex upward and concave downward slope line, while projecting the designed slope line in the horizontal direction, and marking the horizontal length of the concave and convex turning points to form an adjusted two-dimensional slope profile.

[0171] The process of determining the node positions is as follows: First, a series of nodes are determined on the hypotenuse of the right triangle. The initial positions of these nodes can be evenly distributed on the hypotenuse according to preset intervals, or arranged according to some specific rules, such as increasing the node density near the location where the concave and convex changes may occur. For example, for a right triangle with a hypotenuse length of 10 meters, an initial node can be set every 1 meter on the hypotenuse.

[0172] The process of adjusting the node height is as follows: according to the preset requirements of the concave and convex shape of the slope, adjust the height of the nodes one by one. For areas where a convex part needs to be formed, adjust the height of the corresponding node upward; for concave parts, adjust the node height downward. The adjustment range can be determined according to specific design requirements and terrain characteristics. For example, if a convex part with a height of 2 meters is to be formed, the corresponding node height can be raised by 2 meters. At the same time, the smoothness of the transition between nodes should be considered to avoid sharp turns.

[0173] After adjusting the node height, the slope line is smoothed to ensure the continuity and naturalness of the slope line. Curve fitting algorithms or interpolation methods can be used to make the transition of slope lines between adjacent nodes smoother. For example, the nodes are interpolated using a cubic spline interpolation algorithm to obtain a smooth slope curve. This can avoid obvious edges and corners on the slope line and improve the stability and aesthetics of the slope.

[0174] The process of horizontal projection is as follows: project the designed slope line in the horizontal direction. This can be achieved by setting the ordinate of each point on the slope line to zero, and obtaining a projection curve on the horizontal plane. For example, suppose there is a point on the slope line with coordinates (x, y, z). After horizontal projection, the coordinates of the point become (x, 0, z).

[0175] Mark the turning points of concave and convex: On the horizontal projection curve, mark the locations of the turning points of concave and convex. These turning points are where the slope line changes from convex to concave or from concave to convex. The turning points of concave and convex can also be determined by analyzing the change in the curvature of the slope line. When the curvature changes from positive to negative, it is the turning point from convex to concave; conversely, when the curvature changes from negative to positive, it is the turning point from concave to convex.

[0176] Measuring horizontal length: For each marked concave and convex turning point, measure its length in the horizontal direction. This can be achieved by calculating the horizontal distance between the turning point and the adjacent nodes. For example, suppose there is a concave and convex turning point located between two nodes. By calculating the coordinate difference between the two nodes in the horizontal direction, the horizontal length of the turning point can be obtained.

[0177] The process of forming the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is as follows: the adjusted slope line, the horizontal projection curve and the marked concave and convex turning point information are integrated together to form a complete two-dimensional slope profile.

[0178] The adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is rotated to form a three-dimensional conical slope, and the conical slope is cut in layers according to the preset relative distribution positions of sensors and the preset paving soil thickness, and the slope parts at different levels include:

[0179] Step S410: Based on the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile, a three-dimensional conical slope is constructed using a curve rotation forming technology.

[0180] Among them, curve rotation forming technology is a technical method that generates a three-dimensional shape by rotating a two-dimensional curve around a certain axis at a certain angle.

[0181] Three-dimensional conical slope: A three-dimensional slope model with a conical shape obtained by rotating a two-dimensional slope profile, which can more realistically simulate the actual slope shape.

[0182] The specific steps to construct a three-dimensional conical slope are as follows: 1. Use professional three-dimensional modeling software or tools to import the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile. 2. Set the rotation parameters in the software, including the rotation axis, rotation angle, etc. Generally speaking, in order to form a complete three-dimensional conical slope, the two-dimensional slope profile can be rotated 360 degrees around the rotation axis. 3. Start the rotation forming function, and the software will automatically rotate the two-dimensional slope profile according to the set parameters to generate a preliminary model of the three-dimensional conical slope.

[0183] Step S420, the constructed three-dimensional conical slope is placed into the drawn model box according to the actual position to ensure the accurate position of the slope in the three-dimensional space, and the position and cutting scale of the dividing line are divided according to the preset relative distribution position of the sensors and the preset paving soil thickness, and the divided dividing line is linearly extruded to form a dividing interface and cut the three-dimensional slope.

[0184] Among them, linear extrusion: a 3D modeling technology that stretches a 2D figure into a 3D shape along a specific direction. Interface: a plane formed by linear extrusion of the dividing line, used to cut a 3D slope.

[0185] The process of placing a 3D conical slope is as follows: 1. Open the model box graphic file drawn or create a model of the model box in the 3D modeling software. 2. Determine the position and direction of the 3D conical slope in the model box. You can choose to place the conical slope in the center of the model box or in a specific corner according to actual needs and simulation scenarios. 3. Use operation tools such as move and rotate to accurately place the 3D conical slope in the model box to ensure that the position of the slope in 3D space is consistent with the actual situation.

[0186] The process of drawing the dividing line according to the preset parameters is as follows:

[0187] Determine the relative distribution of sensors: According to the preset relative distribution of sensors, determine the installation positions of sensors on the three-dimensional conical slope. These positions can be determined according to the actual monitoring needs and the characteristics of the slope, such as setting sensors at key parts of the slope and areas prone to deformation. For example, if the preset requirement is to set a sensor at the top, middle and bottom of the slope, the corresponding positions can be found on the three-dimensional conical slope and marked.

[0188] Determine the thickness of the paving soil: Specify the preset thickness of the paving soil. This thickness can be determined based on the engineering design requirements, the mechanical properties of the soil, and the simulation purpose. For example, the preset thickness of the paving soil is T meters, and this thickness parameter can be considered in the subsequent demarcation and cutting of the dividing line.

[0189] Location of dividing lines: The location of dividing lines on the three-dimensional conical slope is determined by combining the relative distribution of sensors and the thickness of the laying soil. The dividing lines can be flat or curved and are used to divide the slope into different layers or parts. For example, the dividing lines can be drawn on the horizontal plane where the sensors are installed, or the dividing lines can be drawn on the slope parallel to the bottom surface according to the thickness of the laying soil. The location of the dividing lines should ensure that they can accurately reflect the distribution of sensors and the stratification of the soil.

[0190] 4. Determine the cutting scale: Determine the cutting scale according to the position of the dividing line and the shape of the slope. The cutting scale can be a straight line distance, angle, etc., which is used to control the accuracy and range of the cutting. For example, if the dividing line is a plane, the angle between the cutting plane and the slope or the cutting depth can be determined; if the dividing line is a curved surface, the curvature of the curved surface and the cutting range can be determined.

[0191] The process of linear extrusion of the dividing line is as follows: Review the previously determined dividing lines, which are usually divided according to the preset relative distribution positions of sensors and the thickness of the laid soil. In the 3D modeling software, select the figure or curve of the dividing line. Apply the linear extrusion function to stretch the dividing line a certain distance in the direction perpendicular to the 2D plane to form a dividing interface. The stretching distance should be determined according to the actual soil thickness and simulation requirements.

[0192] The process of cutting a 3D slope is as follows: Align the formed interface with the 3D conical slope to ensure that the interface can accurately cut the slope. Use cutting tools or Boolean operations to interact with the 3D conical slope and the interface to cut the slope. After cutting, the slope will be divided into different layers, each representing a specific soil layer.

[0193] Step S430, using the clipping function to remove the interface portion extending outside the slope surface, and performing closed surface combination processing on different layers of three-dimensional geometric soil bodies.

[0194] Clipping function: An operation tool in 3D modeling software, used to remove unnecessary parts or parts that do not match a specific shape. The specific process of removing the interface part extending outside the slope is as follows: 1. Use the clipping function in the 3D modeling software to select the interface and the 3D conical slope as the operation object. 2. Determine the scope and direction of clipping, usually taking the interface part extending outside the slope as the clipping target. 3. Perform the clipping operation, and the software will automatically remove the part that matches the clipping condition, that is, the interface part extending outside the slope.

[0195] Closed surface combination processing: Process the three-dimensional geometric soil bodies of different layers to form closed surfaces on their surfaces, so as to better carry out subsequent analysis and operations. Three-dimensional geometric soil bodies: The slope parts of different layers after layered cutting have specific geometric shapes and sizes.

[0196] The closed surface combination processing of different layers of 3D geometric soil is as follows: For each 3D geometric soil after layered cutting, check whether there are unclosed parts or defects on its surface. If unclosed parts are found, you can use the surface repair tool in the modeling software or manually adjust the nodes and curves to form a closed surface. For adjacent 3D geometric soil layers, ensure that the interface between them also forms a closed surface to better perform subsequent analysis and operations. The surface combination tool can be used to merge or connect adjacent closed surfaces so that different layers of 3D geometric soil form an overall closed surface combination.

[0197] Step S440, classify the processed soil layers into different layers one by one, and name them according to their layer positions.

[0198] Among them, "layer position" refers to the relative position of each layer of soil in the conical slope, which can usually be expressed in terms of height, depth or serial number.

[0199] Classify each layer of soil into different layers: For each layer of soil, select the corresponding object or element. You can use selection tools (such as box selection, point selection, etc.) to select specific parts of the soil. Assign the selected soil objects to a new layer. You can create a new layer in the layer control panel and drag the selected soil to the layer, or use the assign layer function provided by the software to complete the operation. Repeat the above steps to classify each layer of soil into a different layer, making sure that each layer contains only one layer of soil.

[0200] Naming by layer position: Name each layer according to the layer position of each layer of soil. The naming method can be determined according to specific needs. For example, you can use numbers to represent the layer number (such as "first layer", "second layer", etc.), or use height or depth values ​​to name (such as "100 meters above sea level layer", "5 meters depth layer", etc.).

[0201] For the drawn and processed three-dimensional conical slope model, each layer of soil in the model is traversed, and the volume of each layer of soil is calculated, and batch calculation of earthwork volume is realized, including:

[0202] Step S510, start the RhinoPython script editor, traverse all layer information in the current model, and store the layer information.

[0203] "RhinoPython Script Editor": Rhino is a powerful 3D modeling software that provides a Python script editor that allows users to use the Python programming language to automate and extend the functionality of Rhino. With the script editor, you can write code to manipulate model objects in Rhino and perform various calculations and processing tasks.

[0204] "Layer Information": In Rhino, layers are used to organize and manage different objects in the model. Layer information includes layer name, visibility, color and other properties, as well as the geometric objects contained in the layer.

[0205] Step S520, use the script to activate the stored layers one by one, and obtain the geometry information of the currently activated layer. For each activated layer, the script will check whether the geometry therein is closed. If yes, execute step S530; if no, execute step S540.

[0206] Among them, "script": RhinoPython script written in step S510, used to traverse the layers in the model and perform operations such as volume calculation. "Layer information storage": all layer information in the current model stored in step S510, including layer names and attributes.

[0207] Activating stored layers one by one involves the following process: In the loop, for each stored layer information, you can use the function in Rhino's Python script library to activate the corresponding layer. For example, you can use rs.LayerVisible(layer_name,True) to set the layer to a visible state, thereby activating the layer. Where layer_name is the name of the layer in the current loop. After activating the layer, the geometry of the layer in the model will be displayed in the view, and subsequent operations can be performed.

[0208] Getting the geometry information of the currently active layer involves the following process: Use the functions in the Rhino Python script library to get the geometry objects in the currently active layer. For example, you can use rs.ObjectsByLayer(layer_name) to get all the objects in the specified layer. Where layer_name is the name of the currently active layer. The obtained geometry objects can be different types of geometric shapes such as points, lines, surfaces, and bodies. For volume calculations, closed geometries such as polyhedra or solids are usually of interest.

[0209] The process of checking whether a geometry is closed is as follows: For each geometry object obtained, you can use the functions in the Rhino Python script library to check its closedness. For example, you can use rs.IsSurfaceClosed(surface_obj) or rs.IsSolidClosed(solid_obj) to check whether a surface or solid is closed. Where surface_obj and solid_obj are surface or solid objects respectively.

[0210] In step S530, the script will perform volume calculation and save the result.

[0211] Determine the volume calculation method: Depending on the type of geometry, choose the appropriate volume calculation method. In Rhino, you can use built-in functions or algorithms to calculate the volume of different types of geometry.

[0212] For example, if the geometry is a polyhedron, you can approximate the volume by multiplying the polygon area and height. If the geometry is a solid, you can use a more accurate algorithm to calculate its volume. Consult the Rhino documentation or online resources to learn about the available volume calculation methods and functions.

[0213] Performing a volume calculation involves the following process: Using the selected volume calculation method, the volume of the geometry in the active layer is calculated. In a RhinoPython script, you can call the corresponding function to perform the calculation. For example, if the geometry is a solid, you can use the rs.SolidVolume(solid_obj) function to calculate the volume of the solid. Where solid_obj is the solid object. Make sure to store the calculated volume value in a variable so that you can save the result later.

[0214] Saving volume calculation results involves the following process: Choose an appropriate way to save the volume calculation results. The results can be stored in a variable, written to a file, or added to a list, depending on the subsequent processing requirements.

[0215] In step S540, the volume calculation result will be set to 0.

[0216] Step S550: exporting the volume calculation results of all layers.

[0217] "Volume calculation results": the volume value of each layer of soil calculated and saved in step S530. "Export": output the calculation results from the script environment to an external file or other format for further analysis, processing or storage.

[0218] The specific execution of step S550 involves the following steps: 1. Determine the export format and target: First, decide in which format the volume calculation results will be exported. Common formats include text files (such as CSV, TXT), spreadsheets (such as Excel), or specific 3D modeling software formats. Determine the target file or location for export. It can be a file on the local disk, a network storage location, or other data storage system. 2. Prepare the exported data: If the volume calculation results are stored in the form of variables, organize them into a format suitable for export. For example, if the results are stored in a list, the list can be converted to a string or other format that can be written to a file. Necessary headers or comment information can be added to better understand the data in the exported file. 3. Perform the export operation: Use the appropriate Python library or functions provided by Rhino to perform the export operation.

[0219] According to the volume and density of each layer of soil, the mass of soil required for each layer is calculated. Starting from the bottom of the model box, fill it layer by layer according to the marked layering lines until all the soil layers are filled. That is, the complete conical slope model is completed in the model box. It includes:

[0220] Step S710: The calculated earthwork volume and basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles are input into the trained neural network model as input objects, and the target physical and mechanical parameters are output.

[0221] Among them, "target physical and mechanical parameters": physical and mechanical parameters predicted by the neural network model, which may include the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil, etc., which are used for subsequent sand-soil ratio optimization and slope model construction.

[0222] The specific implementation steps of step S710 are as follows: 1. Prepare input data: Ensure that the earthwork volume has been accurately calculated and the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles have been sorted out. These parameters can be prepared in the form of arrays, lists or other data structures for input into the neural network model. Perform necessary preprocessing on the data, such as normalization and standardization, to improve the performance and accuracy of the neural network model. 2. Load the neural network model: If the neural network model is pre-trained and saved, the model can be loaded using the corresponding deep learning framework (such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc.). Ensure that the architecture and parameters of the model are consistent with those during training, and that the model is suitable for the current input data type and problem domain. 3. Input data into the model: Use the loaded neural network model to pass the prepared earthwork volume and basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles as input objects to the model. According to the requirements of the deep learning framework, it may be necessary to convert the input data into a specific tensor format or data type. Call the prediction function or method of the model to start the model's processing and prediction of the input data. 4. Get the output result: After the model processes the input data, it will output the target physical and mechanical parameters. These parameters can be one or more numerical values ​​that represent the mechanical properties of the soil under specific conditions. The target physical and mechanical parameters are extracted from the output of the model and stored in an appropriate data structure for use in subsequent steps.

[0223] Step S720, using a genetic algorithm to find the optimal sand-soil ratio, taking the sand-soil ratio as a decision variable, with the goal of minimizing the difference between the predicted physical and mechanical parameters and the actual sand slide slope parameters of the work site.

[0224] "Sand-soil ratio" refers to the ratio of sand and soil of different particle sizes in sandy soil. By adjusting the sand-soil ratio, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil can be changed.

[0225] The specific process of finding the optimal sand-soil ratio is as follows: 1. Determine the parameters of the optimization problem: clarify the range and constraints of the sand-soil ratio. For example, the ratio of sand to soil in sand can vary within a certain range, but may be limited by actual engineering requirements or material availability. Determine the objective function, that is, minimize the difference between the predicted physical and mechanical parameters and the actual working point sand sliding slope parameters. The difference can be calculated using a certain distance metric or error function. Determine the parameters of the genetic algorithm, such as population size, crossover probability, mutation probability, number of iterations, etc. These parameters will affect the performance and convergence speed of the algorithm. 2. Initialize the population: Randomly generate a set of initial sand-soil ratios as the initial population of the genetic algorithm. Each individual represents a sand-soil ratio scheme. 3. Evaluate individual fitness: For each individual (sand-soil ratio scheme), calculate its fitness value. The fitness value is determined based on the objective function, that is, the difference between the predicted physical and mechanical parameters and the actual working point sand sliding slope parameters. The predicted physical and mechanical parameters and the actual working point sand sliding slope parameters obtained in step S710 can be used to calculate the fitness value. 4. Selection operation: According to the fitness value of the individual, select some excellent individuals as parents to generate the next generation of individuals. The selection operation can adopt methods such as roulette selection and tournament selection.

[0226] The purpose of selection is to retain individuals with high fitness and eliminate individuals with low fitness, thereby guiding the algorithm to evolve in the direction of the optimal solution. 5. Crossover operation: Perform crossover operation on the selected parent individuals to generate new offspring individuals. Crossover operation is an important step in genetic algorithms. It generates new combinations by exchanging some genes of parent individuals and increases the diversity of the population. Different crossover methods such as single-point crossover and multi-point crossover can be used to select the appropriate crossover probability according to the characteristics of the problem. 6. Mutation operation: Perform mutation operation on the newly generated offspring individuals to introduce a certain degree of randomness to prevent the algorithm from falling into the local optimal solution. The mutation operation is achieved by randomly changing certain genes of the individuals. 7. Update the population: Add the offspring individuals generated by crossover and mutation operations to the population, replace some individuals with low fitness, and form a new population. Repeat steps 3 to 7 for multiple generations of evolution until the stopping condition is met (such as reaching the maximum number of iterations or the objective function value is small enough).

[0227] 8. Output the optimal solution: When the algorithm stops, select the individual with the highest fitness from the last generation of population as the optimal sand-soil ratio. Output the optimal sand-soil ratio, as well as the corresponding objective function value and predicted physical and mechanical parameters.

[0228] Step S730, preparing a test sand sample according to the sand-soil ratio being sought.

[0229] Specifically, step S730 involves the following steps: 1. Use a weighing tool to accurately measure the weight of the required sand and soil according to the sand-soil ratio. The weight of the sand and soil can be measured separately before mixing. The weight of each material is recorded for subsequent calculation and analysis. 2. Pour the measured sand and soil into a container or mixing equipment. Use appropriate tools or equipment to mix thoroughly to ensure that the sand and soil are evenly distributed. Manual mixing, mechanical mixing or other mixing methods can be used.

[0230] Step S740, draw an arc with the horizontal length of the slope as the radius and the intersection of the vertical height of the tapered slope and the horizontal length as the origin, determine the bottom area of ​​the slope, and draw the accumulation area of ​​the slope on both sides of the model box and the cross-sectional contour of the slope centerline. At the same time, on the inner surface of the model box, perform layered annotations of different heights on the leaning side and both sides of the slope.

[0231] “Vertical height of tapered slope”: the vertical distance from the bottom to the top of the tapered slope. “Accumulation area”: the area on both sides of the slope in the model box where sand and soil need to be accumulated.

[0232] Determining the bottom area of ​​the slope involves the following process: Measure the horizontal length and vertical height of the tapered slope. Use the intersection of the vertical height and the horizontal length of the tapered slope as the origin. Use a drawing tool or software to draw an arc with the horizontal length of the slope as the radius and the origin as the center. This arc determines the bottom area of ​​the slope.

[0233] Drawing the accumulation area and centerline profile involves the following process: 1. Determine the accumulation area on both sides of the slope based on the shape and size of the slope in the model box. The extent of the accumulation area can be determined by measurement and estimation. 2. Use the drawing tools to draw the outline of the accumulation area of ​​the slope on both sides of the model box to clarify the extent of the fill during the filling process. At the same time, draw the centerline profile of the slope. You can cut the conical slope along the centerline and then draw the shape of the profile. This helps to maintain the symmetry and shape of the slope during the filling process.

[0234] The following process is involved in the layer marking: On the inner surface of the model box, the slope leaning side and both sides are marked with different layer heights. You can use the measuring tool to mark lines or points of different heights on the inner wall of the model box. According to the design requirements and filling plan, determine the height of each layer and mark it at the corresponding position. These markings will be used as a reference during the filling process to ensure that the fill height of each layer meets the requirements.

[0235] Step S750, weighing the earth and stone volume at the corresponding layer height, stacking the slope inside the boundary line, and arranging the corresponding positions on the level where the sensor monitoring is set.

[0236] Determine the mass of soil required for each layer: Based on the volume and density of each layer of soil calculated in the previous steps, use the formula "mass = volume × density" to calculate the mass of soil required for each layer. Record the calculated mass of each layer of soil so that the corresponding amount of earth and stone can be accurately weighed during the filling process.

[0237] Weighing the amount of earth and stone: Use appropriate weighing tools, such as electronic scales, floor scales, etc., to weigh the corresponding amount of earth and stone according to the calculated mass of soil required for each layer.

[0238] Determine the stacking location: In the model box, find the stacking area corresponding to the current layer according to the boundary line determined in step S740. Transport the weighed earth and stone to the stacking area to prepare for the slope stacking.

[0239] Carry out slope accumulation: Inside the boundary line, the weighed earth and stone are piled up in a certain way to form the shape of the slope. The layered filling method can be adopted, starting from the bottom, and the earth and stone are piled up layer by layer, ensuring that the thickness and height of each layer are consistent with the layer marking. During the accumulation process, tools can be used for compaction and shaping to make the slope more stable and beautiful.

[0240] Sensor deployment: On the level where sensors are installed, sensors are deployed in pre-determined locations. According to the type and requirements of the sensors, appropriate installation methods are selected to ensure that the sensors can accurately measure the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope. Connect the sensors to the data acquisition system to obtain real-time data during the filling process and subsequent monitoring.

[0241] Step S760: After the slope accumulation is completed, the overall shape of the slope is adjusted until the conical structure and concave-convex landform features of the slope are restored.

[0242] Adjust the slope: If the slope of the slope is found to be inconsistent with the design requirements, it can be adjusted by adding or removing earth and stone. In places with steeper slopes, some earth and stone can be removed to make the slope gentler; in places with gentler slopes, earth and stone can be added to make the slope steeper.

[0243] Adjust the height: Check whether the height of the slope meets the design requirements. If the height is insufficient, add earth and stone to increase it; if the height is too high, remove some earth and stone to lower it.

[0244] Restore the concave and convex landform features: If there are concave and convex landform features in the actual terrain, they need to be restored in the slope model. Determine the location and shape of the concave and convex landforms based on photos of the actual terrain, measurement data and other information. Use tools to finely carve and shape the slope to simulate the concave and convex landform features. You can use tools such as shovels and hammers for carving, or add some special shapes of earth and stone to simulate the concave and convex parts.

[0245] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional modeling and hierarchical layout system for a conical sand slide indoor model, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a program that can be executed on the processor to implement the following Figures 1 to 3 Procedure for either method.

[0246] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for three-dimensional modeling and layered layout of a conical sand-sliding slope indoor model, characterized in that: include: Obtain the actual size data of the sand slide slope at the work site and the concave-convex characteristics of the actual terrain; According to the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, the similarity ratio is analyzed and determined, and the dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated using the similarity ratio determined by the analysis; The dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated according to the determined similarity ratio, and the basic profile of the slope is drawn. The undulation of the slope line is adjusted according to the concave and convex characteristics of the actual terrain obtained to form an adjusted two-dimensional slope profile. The adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is rotated to form a three-dimensional conical slope, and the conical slope is cut in layers according to the preset relative distribution positions of sensors and the preset paved soil thickness to obtain slope parts at different levels; For the drawn and processed three-dimensional conical slope model, each layer of soil in the model is traversed, the relevant information of each layer of soil is recorded, and the volume of each layer of soil is calculated, and the batch calculation of earthwork volume is realized. The relevant information of the soil includes plane size, thickness and location; According to the calculated earthwork volume and the thickness of each soil layer, the model box is marked with layers, and the distribution area of ​​the slope is marked in the model box according to the size data and geometric proportion of the slope; According to the volume and density of each layer of soil, calculate the mass of soil required for each layer, and start from the bottom of the model box and fill it layer by layer according to the marked layering lines until all the soil layers are filled, that is, a complete conical slope model is piled up in the model box; The dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated based on the determined similarity ratio, and the basic profile of the slope is drawn. The undulation of the slope line is adjusted based on the concave and convex characteristics of the actual terrain obtained, and the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is formed, including: Draw a section of the midline of the slope to form the outline of a right triangle; On the hypotenuse of the right triangle, determine the concave and convex turning points of the curve according to preset requirements and adjust the thickness of the convex part and the depth of the concave part; Adjust the nodes on the straight line of the hypotenuse of the triangle to form a convex upward and concave downward slope line. At the same time, project the designed slope line in the horizontal direction and mark the horizontal length of the concave and convex turning points to form an adjusted two-dimensional slope profile. The adjusted two-dimensional slope profile is rotated to form a three-dimensional conical slope, and the conical slope is cut in layers according to the preset relative distribution positions of sensors and the preset paving soil thickness, and the slope parts at different levels include: Based on the adjusted two-dimensional slope profile, a three-dimensional conical slope is constructed using curve rotation forming technology; The constructed three-dimensional conical slope is placed into the drawn model box according to the actual position to ensure the accurate position of the slope in the three-dimensional space. The position of the dividing line and the cutting scale are divided according to the preset relative distribution position of the sensors and the preset paved soil thickness. The divided dividing line is linearly extruded to form a dividing interface and the three-dimensional slope is cut; The cutting function is used to remove the interface part extending outside the slope surface, and the closed surface combination processing is performed on different layers of three-dimensional geometric soil bodies; Classify the processed soil layers into different layers one by one and name them according to their layer positions.

2. The method for three-dimensional modeling and layered layout of the indoor model of a conical sand slide slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, the similarity ratio is analyzed and determined. The dimensions of the scaled slope are calculated using the similarity ratio determined by the analysis, including: Obtaining basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles of the sand slide slope at the construction site, wherein the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles at least include shear strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of soil particles; According to the preset model box size data and the actual size data of the sand slide slope, the similarity ratio is analyzed and determined as the initial similarity ratio; Input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles into the preset comprehensive correction model, and calculate the comprehensive correction coefficient by combining the preset weights of each parameter; The comprehensive correction coefficient is multiplied by the initial similarity ratio, and the product obtained is the similarity ratio after correction, and it is analyzed whether the similarity ratio after correction is less than the preset minimum size requirement of the measurement accuracy; If not, the corrected similarity ratio is used as the similarity ratio for this application, and the similarity ratio determined by the analysis is used to calculate the dimensions of the scaled slope; If yes, the comprehensive correction coefficient is increased until the similarity ratio after correction meets the preset minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy, and the comprehensive correction coefficient is multiplied by the initial similarity ratio to obtain the corrected similarity ratio, and the similarity ratio determined by analysis is used to calculate the various dimensions of the scaled slope.

3. The method for three-dimensional modeling and layered layout of the indoor model of a conical sand slide slope according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The acquisition of the preset minimum size requirements for measurement accuracy includes: Obtain the minimum size requirements for the preliminary basic measurement accuracy and the distribution probability of the error sources generated by the experiment. The error sources include equipment error, operation error, and environmental factors; According to the corresponding relationship between different error sources and the affected measurement accuracy values ​​and the distribution probability of the error sources generated by the experiment, the effective value affecting the measurement accuracy is analyzed and determined as the safety margin; Based on the safety margin and the initially set minimum size requirement of basic measurement accuracy, the minimum size requirement of measurement accuracy is analyzed and obtained.

4. The method for three-dimensional modeling and layered layout of a conical sand-sliding slope indoor model according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the drawn and processed three-dimensional conical slope model, each layer of soil in the model is traversed, and the volume of each layer of soil is calculated, and batch calculation of earthwork volume is realized, including: Start the Rhino Python script editor, traverse all layer information in the current model, and store the layer information; Use the script to activate the stored layers one by one and obtain the geometry information of the currently activated layer. For each activated layer, the script will check whether the geometry in it is closed; If yes, the script will perform the volume calculation and save the result; If not, the volume calculation result will be set to 0; Export volume calculation results for all layers.

5. The method for three-dimensional modeling and layered layout of the indoor model of a conical sand slide slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: According to the volume and density of each layer of soil, the mass of soil required for each layer is calculated. Starting from the bottom of the model box, fill it layer by layer according to the marked layering lines until all the soil layers are filled. That is, the complete conical slope model is completed in the model box. It includes: The calculated earthwork volume and basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil particles are used as input objects and input into the trained neural network model to output the target physical and mechanical parameters; Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal sand-soil ratio, and the sand-soil ratio is used as the decision variable. The goal is to minimize the difference between the predicted physical and mechanical parameters and the actual sand slide parameters of the working point. Prepare the test sand sample according to the sand-soil ratio you are looking for; With the horizontal length of the slope as the radius and the intersection of the vertical height of the tapered slope and the horizontal length as the origin, draw an arc to determine the bottom area of ​​the slope, and draw the accumulation area of ​​the slope on both sides of the model box and the profile of the slope centerline. At the same time, on the inner surface of the model box, make layered annotations of different heights on the leaning side and both sides of the slope. Weigh the earth and stone volume at the corresponding layer height, pile up the slope inside the boundary line, and arrange the corresponding positions at the level where the sensor monitoring is installed; After the slope accumulation is completed, the overall shape of the slope is adjusted until the conical structure and concave-convex landform characteristics of the slope are restored.

6. A three-dimensional modeling and layered layout system for indoor models of conical sand slides, characterized in that: The invention comprises a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program can realize the three-dimensional modeling and layered arrangement method of the indoor model of the conical sand sliding slope as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 when loaded and executed by the processor.

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