A design method for beam pointing control antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a design method for a beam pointing control antenna, which belongs to the field of antenna technology, and includes: determining the number of array elements N, array element spacing d, excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and phase difference of adjacent array elements required to form the antenna according to the requirements of the antenna beam pointing, beam width and directional pattern to be designed; establishing a shovel-shaped feeding metasurface antenna as an array element; establishing an antenna linear array with N array elements according to the array element spacing d; establishing a one-to-N feeding network with the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements as output indicators of the feeding network; connecting the one-to-N feeding network with the antenna linear array to form a beam pointing control antenna. The present invention can realize the compactness of the antenna and can suppress the influence of the parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam, optimize the radiation pattern of the antenna, and has a high engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a design method for a beam pointing control antenna. Background Art

[0002] Phased array antennas have flexible beam forming and control. Due to the high flexibility and accuracy of beam pointing control antennas, as well as strong anti-interference ability and wide coverage, they are widely used in wireless communications, satellite communications, radar systems and other fields. With the continuous updating and iteration of antenna technology, beam pointing control antennas are developing in the direction of more intelligent, efficient and flexible beam pointing, but at the same time, this type of antenna array is becoming larger and larger, occupying a lot of space, and the size of the feed network that feeds the antenna will also become larger, the structure will be more complex, and the entire feed network will also have the problem of parasitic radiation.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a beam pointing control antenna design method to design a compact antenna that suppresses the influence of the parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a beam pointing control antenna design method, which can realize the compactness of the antenna and suppress the influence of the parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides a beam pointing control antenna design method, the method comprising:

[0007] Step 1. According to the target antenna operating frequency f and beam pointing , beam width B, and the index requirements of the directional pattern, determine the number of array elements N required to constitute the antenna, the array element spacing d, and the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements (i1, i2, …, i N-1 ,i N ) and the phase difference Φ between adjacent array elements;

[0008] Step 2. Establish a spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna unit as an array element;

[0009] Step 3. Use the N array elements to establish an antenna linear array according to the array element spacing d;

[0010] Step 4. Using the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements as output indicators of the feeding network, a one-to-N feeding network is established;

[0011] Step 5. Connect the one-to-N feeding network to the antenna array to form a beam-pointing control antenna.

[0012] Optionally, in step 1, according to the antenna operating frequency f and the required beam pointing , calculate the array element spacing d, the formula is:

[0013] ;

[0014] ;

[0015] Where c is the speed of light;

[0016] The calculation formula of the phase difference between adjacent array elements is:

[0017] ;

[0018] Where Φ is the phase difference between adjacent array elements;

[0019] According to the antenna beam width B requirement, determine the required number of array elements N:

[0020] Round up and add 1;

[0021] According to the antenna pattern requirements, determine the excitation amplitude ratio of N antenna array elements;

[0022] ;

[0023] Where D represents the antenna pattern, i n is the excitation amplitude ratio of the array element, j is the sign of the imaginary number, and θ is the angle.

[0024] Optionally, in step 2, the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna includes: a microstrip patch antenna metal ground, a first dielectric substrate, a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch, a second dielectric substrate and a metal metasurface; and the metal metasurface is composed of K×K rectangular patches arranged in a rectangular grid, and K is an integer.

[0025] Optionally, in step 3, the initial size of the shovel-shaped radiating metal patch is determined according to the parameters of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate (dielectric substrate thickness, dielectric constant, loss tangent) and the antenna array element spacing, and the initial wide side of the shovel-shaped patch is set to 0.75d, and the narrow side is set to 0.5d; the number K of the rectangular metal supersurfaces and the size of the supersurface rectangular patch are determined, usually K is 3 or 4, and the size of the K×K rectangular supersurface is less than d×d.

[0026] Optionally, in step 4, the one-to-N feeding network established includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network, wherein:

[0027] The first feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a first metal ground of the first feeding network, a third dielectric substrate, a first metal pattern of the first feeding network, a fourth dielectric substrate and a second metal ground of the first feeding network;

[0028] The second feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a second feeding network first metal ground, a fifth dielectric substrate, a second feeding network metal pattern, a sixth dielectric substrate and a second feeding network second metal ground.

[0029] Optionally, the first feeding network and the second feeding network are both composed of a one-to-two power divider in a tree topology structure, the first feeding network includes an input terminal and M output terminals, and the second feeding network includes M input terminals and N output terminals; M is a positive number, and M is less than N; the output terminal of the first feeding network is vertically fed to the second feeding network through a metallized via, serving as the input terminal of the second feeding network.

[0030] Optionally, based on the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements, the output phase difference of each stage of the sub-feed network is determined, and the phase difference between any two array elements X and Y is (YX)Φ, where X and Y are array element numbers.

[0031] Optionally, in step 5, the beam pointing control antenna includes 6 layers of dielectric substrates, which are the second, first, sixth, fifth, fourth, and third dielectric substrates from top to bottom. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are used to set up a shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna, and the third to sixth dielectric substrates are used to set up a feeding network.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention proposes a method for designing a beam-directing control antenna using a shovel-fed metasurface antenna and a multi-stage feeding network. The method provides a design method and ideas for designing antennas with different beam directions, which can realize the compactness of the antenna and suppress the influence of the parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam.

[0034] (2) The beam pointing control antenna designed by the method of the present invention divides a feeding network into two sub-feeding networks and connects them in a vertical transition manner, so that the entire antenna structure is compact and the overall space occupied by the antenna is reduced.

[0035] (3) The beam pointing control antenna designed by the method of the present invention adopts a two-stage folded feeding network, which effectively suppresses the parasitic radiation of the feeding network, optimizes the radiation pattern of the antenna, and has high engineering application value.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] FIG1 (a) is an exploded view of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] FIG1( b ) is a top view of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG1( c ) is a diagram of a spade-shaped radiating metal patch of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG1( d ) is a diagram of a metal metasurface of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG2 (a) is an exploded view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] FIG2( b ) is a top view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] FIG3 (a) is an exploded view of a first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] FIG3( b ) is a top view of the first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] FIG3 (c) is a tree topology diagram of a first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] FIG3 (d) is a diagram of a one-to-two power splitter used in the first stage of the first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] FIG3 (e) is a diagram of a one-to-two power splitter used in other stages of the first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] FIG3( f ) is a top view of a metal pattern of a first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] FIG4( a ) is an exploded view of a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] FIG4( b ) is a top view of a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] FIG4( c ) is a tree topology diagram of a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] FIG4( d ) is a diagram of a one-to-two power splitter used in a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] FIG4( e ) is a top view of a metal pattern of a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 An exploded diagram of a feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] FIG6 (a) is a schematic diagram of a beam pointing antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] FIG6( b ) is an exploded view of a beam pointing antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] FIG6 (c) is a top view of the beam pointing antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG6( d ) is a top view of the shovel-shaped radiation metal patch of the beam pointing antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention after being connected to the second feeding network metal pattern;

[0062] Figure 7 is an S11 curve diagram of the beam pointing control antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a gain diagram of the beam pointing control antenna of an embodiment of the present invention when the beam is pointed at 56° at 34 GHz;

[0064] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a beam pointing control antenna design method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] In the figure: 1-microstrip patch antenna metal ground; 2-first dielectric substrate; 3-shovel-shaped radiation metal patch; 4-second dielectric substrate; 5-metal metasurface; 6-first feed network first metal ground; 7-third dielectric substrate; 8-first feed network metal pattern; 81-first transmission line; 82-second transmission line; 83-third transmission line; 84-fourth transmission line; 85-first isolation resistor; 9-fourth dielectric substrate; 10-first feed network second metal ground; 11-first metallized via; 12-second feed network first metal ground; 13-fifth dielectric substrate; 14-second feed network metal pattern; 141-fifth transmission line; 142-sixth transmission line; 143-second isolation resistor; 15-sixth dielectric substrate; 16-second feed network second metal ground; 17-second metallized via; 18-vertical transition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In addition, various serial numbers are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0067] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] See also Fig. 9 As shown, the present invention provides a beam pointing control antenna design method, the method mainly includes the following steps:

[0069] Step 1. According to the requirements of the antenna beam pointing, beam width and radiation pattern to be designed, determine the number of array elements N required to form the antenna, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements;

[0070] Step 2. Establish a shovel-fed metasurface antenna as an array element;

[0071] Step 3. Create an antenna array with N array elements according to the array element spacing d;

[0072] Step 4. Taking the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements as the output index of the feeding network, a one-to-N feeding network is established;

[0073] Step 5. Connect the one-to-N feeding network to the antenna array to form a beam-pointing control antenna.

[0074] The following is a detailed description of a specific implementation method of a beam pointing control antenna design method of the present invention;

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the target antenna operates at a center frequency f of 34 GHz and a beam pointing to The angle of the antenna is 56°, the H-plane 3dB beamwidth B is not greater than 8°, and the antenna radiation pattern index requirements are met. It is determined that the number of array elements N required to constitute the antenna is 24, the array element spacing d is 4.3mm, the ratio of the excitation amplitude ratio of the 24 array elements is 1, and the phase difference Φ of adjacent array elements is 145°.

[0076] As shown in Figure 1 (a), the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna includes: a microstrip patch antenna metal ground 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch 3, a second dielectric substrate 4 and a metal metasurface 5, wherein the metal metasurface 5 is composed of 3×3 rectangular structures arranged in a rectangular grid.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 1 (b), the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4 in this example are both made of Rogers 4003, with a length of 7.25 mm, a width of 4.3 mm, and thicknesses of h1=0.254 mm and h2=0.254 mm, respectively. The loss tangent is tanδ=0.0027, and the dielectric constant is ε=3.55.

[0078] As shown in Figure 1 (c) and Figure 1 (d), according to the parameters of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate (dielectric substrate thickness, dielectric constant ε, loss tangent tanδ), the antenna array element spacing d, the initial wide side of the spade-shaped radiating metal patch is set to 3.225 mm, and the narrow side is set to 2.15 mm; the number of rectangular metal metasurfaces K is set to 3. The finite element method is then used to optimize the structure and size of the spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna, and finally a spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna is obtained, in which the spade shape of the spade-shaped radiating metal patch is obtained by cutting off a triangle from a rectangle with a length of 2.923 mm and a width of 2.13 mm, and the long side of the triangle is 0.8 mm and the short side is 0.62 mm; the sizes of the 3×3 rectangular metal patterns are not the same, the side length of the central square metal pattern is 1.2 mm, the side length of the four squares at the four corners is 0.7 mm, and the length of the remaining rectangles is 1.2 mm and the width is 0.7 mm.

[0079] As shown in FIG. 2 ( a ), in this embodiment, the antenna array (antenna linear array) is composed of N=24 array elements placed in parallel with an array element spacing of d=4.3 mm. The total length of the antenna array is 103.2 mm and the width is 7.25 mm.

[0080] As shown in FIG3 (a) and FIG4 (a), in this embodiment, the one-to-N feeding network includes two sub-feeding networks, namely, the first feeding network and the second feeding network, wherein the first feeding network includes, from bottom to top, the first metal ground 6 of the first feeding network, the third dielectric substrate 7, the first feeding network metal pattern 8, the fourth dielectric substrate 9 and the first feeding network second metal ground 10; the second feeding network includes, from bottom to top, the second metal ground 12 of the second feeding network, the fifth dielectric substrate 13, the second feeding network metal pattern 14, the sixth dielectric substrate 15 and the second feeding network second metal ground 16. Both sub-feeding networks are composed of a one-to-two power splitter in a tree topology, wherein the one-to-two power splitter includes an input terminal, two output terminals and an isolation resistor.

[0081] As shown in Figure 3 (c) and Figure 4 (c), the first feeding network includes one input terminal and 12 output terminals, and the second feeding network includes 12 input terminals and 24 output terminals. The output terminal of the first feeding network is vertically fed to the second feeding network through a metallized via as the input terminal of the second feeding network.

[0082] In this embodiment, based on the ratio of the excitation amplitude ratios of the 24 array elements being 1 and the phase difference of adjacent array elements being 145°, the ratio of the output amplitude ratios of each output terminal of the second feeding network is 1, and the phase difference of adjacent output terminals is 145°; the ratio of the output amplitude ratios of each output terminal of the third stage of the first feeding network is 1, and the phase difference of adjacent output terminals is 290° (145°×2) or 70° (360°-(145°×2)), and whether it is 290° or 70° depends on the placement position of the one-to-two power splitter in the second feeding network and the first feeding network. The relationship between the first feeding network and the second feeding network is 290° in this embodiment; the ratio of the output amplitude ratio of each output terminal of the second level of the first feeding network is 1, and the phase difference of adjacent output terminals is 75° (145°×3-360°) or 285° (360°-(145°×3-360°)), which depends on the placement position relationship between the one-to-two power splitter of the second level of the first feeding network and the one-to-two power splitter of the third level of the first feeding network, which is 75° in this embodiment; the first feeding network has only 12 output terminals, the number of which is between 2 3 and 2 4 In this embodiment, the output amplitude ratio of the output end of the first-stage feeding network of the first feeding network is set to 2:1, and the phase difference between adjacent output ends is 220° or 140°, which is 220° in this embodiment.

[0083] The parameters of the dielectric substrate will affect the size, routing difficulty and performance of the sub-feeding network. In this embodiment, the third dielectric substrate 7, the fourth dielectric substrate 9, the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 are all made of Rogers 4003 plate, the loss tangent is tanδ=0.0027, the dielectric constant is ε=3.55, the thickness is h3=0.508mm, h4=0.254mm, h5=0.508mm, h6=0.508mm respectively, the length of the third dielectric substrate 7 and the fourth dielectric substrate 9 is 103.2mm, and the width is 14mm; the length of the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 is 103.2mm, and the width is 6.75mm.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 3 (a) to FIG. 4 (e), according to the parameters of each dielectric substrate of the feed network and the output indicators of each level of the feed network, a one-to-two power divider at each level is established and the one-to-two power dividers at each level are connected into a sub-feed network by a serpentine wiring method. Among them, the input end, the output end of the first feed network and the transmission line connecting the one-to-two power dividers at each level are all 50Ω transmission lines with a width of 0.55mm. In the first level of the first feed network, the widths of the first transmission line 81, the second transmission line 82, and the third transmission line 83 of the one-to-two power divider are 0.1mm, 0.55mm, and 0.47mm respectively; the ratio of the output amplitude ratio of the output end in other levels of the first feed network is 1, and the one-to-two power dividers used are all the same and are equal-dividing structures, and the width of the fourth transmission line 84 is 0.33mm. The input and output ends of the second feed network are both 50Ω transmission lines with a width of 0.38mm. The second feed network has only one level and the output amplitude ratio of the output end is 1. The structure and output indicators of each one-to-two power divider are the same. The widths of the fifth transmission line 141 and the sixth transmission line 142 are 0.24mm and 0.38mm respectively. The first isolation resistor 85 and the second isolation resistor 143 used in the sub-feed network are both 100Ω resistance, model 0402, and package size 1mm×0.5mm.

[0085] See also Figure 5As shown in FIG6 (d), the established second feeding network is flipped and placed above the first feeding network, so that its feeding direction is opposite to that of the first feeding network, and the M input ends of the second feeding network and the M output ends of the first feeding network are aligned and connected one-to-one using a vertical transition 18 to obtain a one-point twenty-four feeding network, the input end of which is the input end of the first feeding network, and the output end is the twenty-four output end of the second feeding network. At the same time, in order to adjust the matching between the transmission line and the vertical transition 18, 7 first metallized vias 11 are arranged around each vertical transition 18, and the via radius is 0.1 mm. The vias are distributed around the vertical transition 18 with a radius of 0.95 mm with the vertical transition 18 as the center, and the vias penetrate the third dielectric substrate 7, the fourth dielectric substrate 9, the second metal ground 10 of the first feeding network, the first metal ground 12 of the second feeding network, the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 to connect the first metal ground 6 of the first feeding network and the second metal ground 16 of the second feeding network.

[0086] Furthermore, the established one-to-twenty-four feeding network and antenna array are connected to form a beam pointing control antenna. At the same time, in order to eliminate the influence of the feeding network on the antenna performance, the one-to-twenty-four feeding network and the antenna array are separated by a row of second metallized vias 17 on the left and right sides of the vias. The vias preferably have a radius of 0.25 mm and a spacing of 0.7 mm, and penetrate the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 to connect the first metal ground 12 of the second feeding network and the second metal ground 16 of the second feeding network.

[0087] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, where: Figure 7 This is the S11 parameter diagram of the beam pointing control antenna. From the figure, we can see that at the frequency of 34GHz, S11=-19.7dB, and the bandwidth when S11<-15dB is 7.32GHz. The antenna has good impedance matching characteristics and a very wide bandwidth. Figure 8 This is the gain diagram of the beam pointing control antenna at 34 GHz when the beam is pointed at 56°. From the figure, we can see that the gain of the antenna is 12.5 dBi with a very low sidelobe level, the 3 dB beamwidth of the antenna H plane (phi=0°) is 7.73°, and the -8 dB beamwidth of the E plane (phi=90°) is 340°.

[0088] It can be seen from the above-mentioned embodiment description that the present invention provides a method for designing a beam pointing control antenna, and the method includes: first, according to the beam pointing requirements, beam width and radiation pattern requirements of the antenna to be designed, the number of array elements N, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements required to constitute the antenna are determined; then, a shovel-shaped feeding metasurface antenna model is established, and the model is used as an array element; then, the N array elements are used to establish an antenna linear array according to the array element spacing d; further, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements are used as output indicators of the feeding network to establish a one-to-N feeding network; finally, the one-to-N feeding network is connected to the antenna array to form a beam pointing control antenna. The present invention divides a feeding network into two sub-feeding networks - a first feeding network and a second feeding network, flips the second feeding network to the top of the first feeding network and makes it feed in the opposite direction to the first feeding network, and connects the two parts of the feeding network in a vertical transition manner to construct a compact beam pointing control feeding network. This compact feeding network reduces the overall occupied space of the antenna; a folded two-stage feeding network is used to suppress the parasitic radiation of the feeding network, optimize the radiation pattern of the antenna, and has a high engineering application value.

[0089] The above is a detailed introduction to a beam pointing control antenna design method provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, a specific example is used to illustrate the principle and implementation mode of the present invention. The description of the above embodiment is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation mode and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0090] It should be noted that the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct components, and by means of a suitably programmed computer.

[0091] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0092] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A beam pointing control antenna design method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1. According to the requirements of the antenna beam pointing, beam width and radiation pattern to be designed, determine the number of array elements N required to form the antenna, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference Φ of adjacent array elements; Step 2. Establish a spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna unit as an array element; Step 3. Use the N array elements to establish an antenna linear array according to the array element spacing d; Step 4. Using the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements as output indicators of the feeding network, a one-to-N feeding network is established; Step 5. Connect the one-to-N feeding network to the antenna array to form a beam pointing control antenna; In step 2, the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna includes: a microstrip patch antenna metal ground, a first dielectric substrate, a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch, a second dielectric substrate and a metal metasurface; and the metal metasurface is composed of K×K rectangular patches arranged in a rectangular grid, and K is an integer; In step 3, according to the parameters of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate and the antenna array element spacing, the initial size of the shovel-shaped radiating metal patch is determined, and the number K of metal metasurfaces and the size of the metasurface rectangular patch are determined; In step 4, the established one-to-N feeding network includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network, and the second feeding network is flipped over the first feeding network and has a feeding direction opposite to that of the first feeding network; wherein: The first feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a first metal ground of the first feeding network, a third dielectric substrate, a first metal pattern of the first feeding network, a fourth dielectric substrate and a second metal ground of the first feeding network; The second feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a second feeding network first metal ground, a fifth dielectric substrate, a second feeding network metal pattern, a sixth dielectric substrate and a second feeding network second metal ground; The first feeding network and the second feeding network are both composed of a one-to-two power splitter in a tree topology structure, the first feeding network includes an input terminal and M output terminals, and the second feeding network includes M input terminals and N output terminals; M is a positive number, and M is less than N; the output terminal of the first feeding network is vertically fed to the second feeding network through a metallized via, serving as the input terminal of the second feeding network; In step 5, the beam pointing control antenna comprises 6 layers of dielectric substrates, namely, the second, first, sixth, fifth, fourth and third dielectric substrates from top to bottom. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are used to set up the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna, and the third to sixth dielectric substrates are used to set up the feeding network.

2. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, according to the antenna operating frequency f and the required beam pointing θ s , calculate the array element spacing d, the formula is: d=λ / (1+sinθ s ); λ = c / f; Where c is the speed of light; The calculation formula of the phase difference between adjacent array elements is: Φ=2πdsinθ s / l; Where Φ is the phase difference between adjacent array elements; According to the antenna beam width B requirement, determine the required number of array elements N: N = 0.886λ / (Bd) rounded up and added 1; According to the antenna pattern requirements, determine the excitation amplitude ratio of N antenna array elements; Where D represents the antenna pattern, i n is the excitation amplitude ratio of the array element, j is the sign of the imaginary number, and θ is the angle.

3. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements, the output phase difference of each stage of the sub-feed network is determined. The phase difference between any two array elements X and Y is (YX)Φ, where X and Y are array element numbers.

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