A method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits, belonging to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology. The method comprises: during the pineapple fruit harvest period from April to September, sampling and harvesting fruits of different maturity levels according to weather changes, first dividing the orchard into multiple areas, randomly sampling fruits of different maturity levels in each area, judging the occurrence of water core disease, and then determining the incidence of water core disease in the pineapple fruits in the area. Prioritizing harvesting of pineapple fruits that have reached 60% or 70% maturity and have a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20%, the fruit stalks of all fruits in this area are directly cut off, effectively preventing the incidence of water core disease. The remaining areas in the orchard are then gradually harvested in batches. This method solves the problem of increased water core disease in large-scale pineapple production orchards due to untimely harvesting in a short period of time. It is simple, safe, and efficient, and has important significance for the sustainable development of the pineapple industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for blocking the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits. Background Art

[0002] Pineapple (Ananascomosus (L.) Merr.), also known as pineapple, is a perennial herbaceous crop in the Bromeliaceae family and genus Ananas. Native to South America, it is one of the three major tropical fruits. International trade is very active, with approximately 40% of global production entering the international market. my country is a major pineapple producer worldwide, with a comprehensive industrial chain from cultivation to processing, boasting a processing rate of approximately 30%, making it the most processed major tropical fruit. The pineapple industry is a specialty of the tropical regions of South my country and a pillar of the region's agricultural economy. However, in recent years, due to global climate variability and the continued expansion of the industry, water core disease in pineapples has become a significant limiting factor in the development of the pineapple industry. Pineapple water core disease is a common physiological disease that occurs during the ripening stage of pineapples. Its primary manifestation is a cooked, transparent, water-soaked flesh. Initially, the fruit's flavor changes little, but as the degree of watering increases and the duration of watering increases, the flesh gradually begins to ferment and emits a wine-grain odor. In severe cases, it develops a foul odor and becomes soft, leading to deterioration in fruit quality, severely impacting the fruit's commercial value and shelf life. Water core disease has become a key factor in determining the commercial value and quality of pineapples, and a crucial factor influencing the healthy and sustainable development of my country's pineapple industry.

[0003] my country's pineapples are primarily grown in the subtropical regions of Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Fujian. Through period-adjusted harvesting techniques, pineapples can mature from February to November, with the peak market season from April to September. This harvest period often experiences high temperatures, heavy rain, or unusual environmental changes, which can increase the incidence of water core disease. In particularly hot and rainy weather, the bottom of the flesh begins to change color as the fruit matures, and water accumulation gradually increases, leading to poor storage and transportability and a shortened shelf life, severely impacting market circulation. Furthermore, in dry weather, the fruit can also gradually begin to water core as it matures, reaching 70% maturity, affecting quality. For a batch of forced-flowering pineapple plants, harvesting is very concentrated, typically completing the entire orchard within 7-10 days. However, for large orchards, high temperatures, heavy rain, or unusual environmental changes during the fruit ripening period can quickly accelerate the incidence of water core disease. In severe cases, the incidence of water core disease can reach over 80% of pineapple fruits in an orchard. The incidence of water core disease in the pineapple fruits of the high-quality pineapple cultivars Tainong No. 17 "Golden Diamond Pineapple" and Golden Pineapple can reach over 40% and 60%, respectively, significantly reducing the marketability of the fruit. To reduce the incidence of water core disease, production practices often sacrifice maturity and harvest the fruit at six-tenths of ripeness. However, pineapples harvested at this maturity exhibit poor internal quality, and the aroma, flavor, and taste of the fruit fail to reflect the cultivar's characteristics, significantly impacting the high-quality development of pineapple production. Therefore, the industry urgently needs to address the pineapple harvesting period and promptly prevent the occurrence of water core disease in the fruit once it occurs, maximizing the marketability of the pineapples while maintaining both internal and external quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above issues, the present invention provides a method for preventing the increase in water core disease in mature pineapple fruit. By dividing the orchard into zones and sampling and harvesting fruit at different maturity levels, priority is given to areas where pineapples reaching 60% or 70% maturity, the standard for commercial fruit harvest, and where the incidence of water core disease is above 20%. The stalks of all mature fruit in this zone are then directly cut off, effectively preventing the incidence of water core disease. Finally, the mature fruit in the remaining zones is gradually harvested in batches. This method solves the problem of increased water core disease in large pineapple orchards due to untimely harvesting in a short period of time. It is simple, safe, and efficient.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) During the pineapple harvest period from April to September, samples of fruits at different maturity levels were collected according to weather changes. The orchard was divided into east, west, south, and north regions. Fruits at different maturity levels were randomly sampled in each region. The presence of water core disease in the fruits was judged to determine the incidence of water core disease in pineapple fruits at different maturity levels in each region.

[0008] (2) Pineapple fruits that have reached the commercial fruit harvest standard of 60% or 70% ripeness and have a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20% shall be harvested first, and the stalks of all mature fruits in this area shall be directly cut off and the fruits with cut stalks shall be placed on the plants;

[0009] (3) 3 to 7 days after the pineapple fruit stalks are cut off, the remaining area in the orchard is gradually harvested in batches, and finally the fruit stalks harvested in step (2) are cut off, and after natural air drying, they are graded, packaged, and packed.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), if the weather is hot and rainy for a long time, the fruit that is 60% to 80% ripe is sampled and harvested; if the weather is rainless, the fruit that is 70% ripe is sampled and harvested. In hot and rainy weather, the moisture content in the soil exceeds the standard, resulting in an increase in the water absorption rate of the pineapple. Therefore, in this weather environment, the fruit that is 60% ripe is sampled and harvested to reduce the overall water absorption rate and regulate the quality of the fruit. After harvesting, the pineapple will also ripen during transportation and storage. In the case of sunny and rainless weather, 70% ripe is a ripe standard that combines good transportability and fruit quality.

[0011] Furthermore, the six to eight mature fruits show that the color of the peel and fruit changes from mung bean green at the bottom to 1 / 4 to 2 / 4 yellow; the seven mature fruits show that the color of the peel and fruit is 1 / 4 yellow.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the method for judging whether the fruit has water core disease is as follows: after knocking the fruit and a popping sound is heard, if the flesh inside the fruit is cut open and transparent water-soaked flesh is revealed, the fruit has water core disease.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), if the weather is hot and rainy for a long time, the fruit after cutting the fruit stalk is placed against the plant; if the weather is rainless, the fruit after cutting the fruit stalk is placed upside down against the plant to allow the cut surface to dry in the sun. Because the cut surface is moist and easily breeds bacteria, affecting the quality of the fruit. Therefore, in the absence of rain, drying the cut surface in the sun can reduce the invasion of bacteria and prevent further ingress of moisture.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), when the fruit stalk is directly cut off, 5 to 6 cm of the fruit stalk is retained on the fruit.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (3), the fruit stalk is cut off and 1 to 2 cm is retained.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. The present invention collects fruits of different degrees of maturity by sampling according to weather changes, divides the orchard into multiple areas, selects fruits of different degrees of maturity by sampling in each area, judges the occurrence of water core disease, and then determines the incidence rate of water core disease in pineapple fruits in each area. Priority is given to harvesting pineapple fruits with a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20% that reach the commercial fruit harvesting standard of 60% or 70% maturity, directly cuts off the stalks of all mature fruits in the area, effectively blocks the incidence rate of water core disease, and finally gradually harvests the remaining areas in batches. The method solves the problem of aggravation of water core disease in fruits that are not harvested in time in a short period of time in large-scale pineapple production orchards. The method is simple, safe and efficient, and avoids the problem that the traditional method, in rainless weather, sacrifices maturity by harvesting the fruits in advance when they are 60% mature to block the continued aggravation of water core disease, resulting in poor aroma, flavor and taste of the harvested pineapple fruits.

[0018] 2. The method of the present invention can not only effectively block the incidence of fruit water core disease by cutting off the fruit stalk, but also reduce the infection rate of pathogens by retaining the fruit stalk length of 5 to 6 cm when the fruit stalk is cut off. Moreover, the fruit can be retained on the plant for 3 to 7 days before being harvested. This effectively solves the problem that large-scale pineapple orchards are not harvested in time during the ripening period and the occurrence of water core disease is aggravated as the maturity increases. This is of great significance to the sustainable development of the pineapple industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the cross-section of a normal pineapple fruit and a fruit with water core disease.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a picture of the peel color of the pineapple fruit in Example 1 when it is 60% to 80% ripe.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the pineapple fruit in Example 1 when it is 60% to 80% ripe.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a pineapple fruit with water core disease in Example 1.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the pineapple fruit stalk in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a diagram of pineapple fruit harvested in batches in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below through examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits, comprising the following steps:

[0028] (1) During the pineapple harvest period in May 2024, there was a long period of high temperature and rainy weather. The fruits that were 60% to 80% ripe were sampled and harvested (the color of the peel and eye changed from green bean green at the bottom to 1 / 4 to 2 / 4 yellow). Figure 2 shown), by Figure 3 As can be seen from the fruit cross-section, as the fruit matures, the phenomenon of waterlogging gradually increases. First, the various planting areas in the orchard are divided into four areas, A, B, C, and D, according to the east, west, south, and north directions. Then, three fruits of different maturity are randomly sampled in each area. Ten fruits of each maturity are selected to judge whether the fruit has water core disease. The judgment method is: after knocking the fruit, a popping sound is heard, and when the flesh inside the fruit is cut open, transparent water stains appear, indicating that the fruit has water core disease ( Figure 4 ), thereby determining the incidence of water core disease in pineapple fruits of different maturity in each region;

[0029] The survey data on pineapple fruit water core disease in various areas of the orchard are shown in Table 1 below:

[0030] Table 1 Occurrence of water core disease in pineapple fruits in four regions

[0031]

[0032] (2) According to the survey results in Table 1, the pineapple fruits in areas D and A, which have reached the standard of 60% maturity for commercial fruit harvesting and have a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20%, are harvested first. The stalks of all mature fruits in these two areas are directly cut off ( Figure 5 ), keep the fruit stalk length at 5 cm, and place the fruit after cutting off the stalk against the plant;

[0033] (3) Three days after the pineapple fruit stalks were cut off, the remaining areas C and B in the orchard were harvested in batches. Figure 6 ), and finally, the fruit stalks harvested in step (2) are cut off to retain 2 cm, and after natural air drying, they are graded, packaged, and packed.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) During the pineapple harvest period in September 2023, there was a long period of high temperature and heavy rain. The fruits that were 60% to 80% mature were sampled and harvested (the color of the peel and eye changed from green bean green at the bottom to 1 / 4 to 2 / 4 yellow). The orchard's planting areas were first divided into four areas, A, B, C, and D, according to the east, west, south, and north directions. Then, three fruits of different maturity were randomly sampled in each area. Ten fruits of each maturity were selected to judge whether the fruit had water core disease. The judgment method was: after knocking the fruit, a popping sound was heard. When the flesh inside the fruit was cut open, transparent water stains were found, indicating that the fruit had water core disease. In this way, the incidence of water core disease in pineapple fruits of different maturity in each area was determined.

[0037] The survey data on pineapple fruit water core disease in various areas of the orchard are shown in Table 2 below:

[0038] Table 2 Occurrence of water core disease in pineapple fruits in four regions

[0039]

[0040] (2) According to the survey results in Table 2, the pineapple fruits in Areas B and C, which have reached the standard of 60% maturity for commercial fruit harvesting and have a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20%, are harvested first. The stalks of all mature fruits in these two areas are directly cut off, and the length of the stalks on the fruits is retained at 5 cm. The fruits with cut stalks are placed against the plants.

[0041] (3) Five days after the pineapple fruit stalks were cut off, the remaining areas A and D in the orchard were gradually harvested in batches. Finally, the fruit stalks harvested in step (2) were cut off and 2 cm was retained. After natural air drying, the fruits were graded, packaged, and packed.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) During the pineapple harvest period in July 2023, there was no rain, and samples of 70% mature fruits (1 / 4 of the fruit skin was yellow) were collected. The orchard was divided into four areas, A, B, C, and D, according to the east, west, south, and north directions. Then, 30 mature fruits were selected in each area to judge whether the fruits had water core disease. The judgment method was: after knocking the fruit and a popping sound was heard, the flesh inside the fruit was cut open and transparent water stains were found, indicating that the fruit had water core disease. The incidence rate of water core disease in pineapple fruits in each area was determined.

[0045] The survey data on pineapple fruit water core disease in various areas of the orchard are shown in Table 3 below:

[0046] Table 3 Occurrence of water core disease in pineapple fruits in four regions

[0047] Orchard area Fruit maturity Number of fruit samples selected Fruits with water core disease (number) Incidence rate of fruit water core disease (%) Area A 70% mature 30 10 33.3 Area B 70% mature 30 6 20.0 Area C 70% mature 30 2 6.7 Area D 70% mature 30 5 16.7

[0048] (2) According to the survey results in Table 3, pineapple fruits in Areas A and B, which have reached the commercial fruit harvest standard of 70% ripe and have a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20%, are harvested first. The stalks of all mature fruits in these two areas are directly cut off, and the length of the stalks on the fruits is retained at 5 cm. The fruits with cut stalks are placed upside down against the plants to allow the cut surface to dry in the sun to reduce the infiltration of pathogens.

[0049] (3) Seven days after the pineapple fruit stalks were cut off, the remaining areas D and C in the orchard were gradually harvested in batches. Finally, the fruit stalks harvested in step (2) were cut off and 1 cm was retained. After natural air drying, the fruits were graded, packaged, and packed.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing the increase of water core disease in mature pineapple fruits, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) During the pineapple harvest period from April to September, samples of fruits at different maturity levels were collected according to weather changes. The orchard was divided into east, west, south, and north regions. Fruits at different maturity levels were randomly sampled in each region. The presence of water core disease in the fruits was judged to determine the incidence of water core disease in pineapple fruits at different maturity levels in each region. (2) Pineapple fruits that have reached the commercial fruit harvest standard of 60% or 70% ripeness and have a water core disease incidence rate of more than 20% shall be harvested first, and the stalks of all mature fruits in this area shall be directly cut off and the fruits with cut stalks shall be placed on the plants; (3) 3 to 7 days after the pineapple fruit stalks are cut off, the remaining area in the orchard is gradually harvested in batches, and finally the fruit stalks harvested in step (2) are cut off, and after natural air drying, they are graded, packaged, and packed.

2. The method for blocking the increase of water core disease of pineapple ripe fruit according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), if the weather is hot and rainy for a long time, the fruits that are 60% to 80% ripe are sampled and harvested; if the weather is rainless, the fruits that are 70% ripe are sampled and harvested.

3. The method for blocking the increase of water core disease of pineapple ripe fruit according to claim 2, wherein The six to eight mature fruits show that the color of the fruit skin changes from green at the bottom to 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 yellow; the seven mature fruits show that the color of the fruit skin changes to 1 / 4 yellow.

4. The method for blocking the increase of water core disease of pineapple ripe fruit according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the method for judging whether the fruit has water core disease is as follows: after knocking the fruit and a popping sound is heard, if the flesh inside the fruit is cut open and transparent water-soaked flesh is found, the fruit has water core disease.

5. The method for blocking the increase of water core disease of pineapple ripe fruit according to claim 1, wherein In step (2), if the weather is hot and rainy for a long time, the fruit after the fruit stalk is cut off is placed against the plant; if the weather is rainless, the fruit after the fruit stalk is cut off is placed upside down against the plant to allow the cut surface to dry.

6. The method for blocking the increase of water core disease in pineapple ripe fruit according to claim 1, wherein In step (2), when the fruit stalk is directly cut off, 5 to 6 cm of the fruit stalk is retained on the fruit.

7. The method for blocking the increase of water core disease of pineapple ripe fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the fruit stalk is cut off and 1 to 2 cm is retained.

Images