Continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition forming device and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a continuous torsion extrusion stick feeding friction deposition forming device and a use method. The continuous torsion extrusion stick feeding friction deposition forming device comprises a bearing main body, N chucks, M ball screws, an electric spindle, a guide shaft and a shoulder tool. The N chucks are arranged in the vertical direction. The screw rods of the M ball screws pass through the N chucks. The guide shaft is vertically arranged and is fixed to the bearing main body. The shellless motor of the electric spindle is fixed to the inner wall of the bearing main body. The spindle of the electric spindle drives the shoulder tool to rotate. A gap is formed between the shoulder tool and the guide shaft. The stick passes through the N chucks and the guide shaft and extends from the bottom of the guide shaft. The stick extending from the bottom of the guide shaft can contact the shoulder tool. The chuck and the guide shaft of the continuous torsion extrusion stick feeding friction deposition forming device do not need to rotate, the difficulty of realizing continuous feeding is reduced, and the shape of the stick is not limited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSM) is a novel solid-state additive manufacturing method that relies on a shoulder tool to feed and drive the material at high speed. Under axial thrust, the material rubs against the workpiece surface, generating heat and causing plastic deformation to form a deposited layer. It has broad application prospects in aerospace, rail vehicles, and other fields. FSM can be implemented in various ways, primarily using powder, filament, strip, and bar feed methods. Compared to powder, filament, and strip feeding methods, using bar feed significantly reduces the difficulty of material feeding. Bar feeding relies on a shoulder tool to drive the bar at high speed, and under axial feeding thrust, it rubs against the substrate, generating heat and achieving a thermoplastic flow state. The feeding process is easy to implement. Compared to powder, filament, and strip feeding methods, bar feed FSM offers advantages such as high efficiency and strong material applicability. The raw material can be processed into bars directly, without further processing into powder, filament, or strip.

[0003] Although bar-feed friction stir additive manufacturing has significant advantages, current technology is still subject to many limitations, among which the following issues urgently need to be addressed:

[0004] 1. How to achieve continuous bar stock feeding. In friction stir additive manufacturing (FSM), the bar stock needs to rotate at high speed and be fed axially, involving movement in two directions. Currently, most FSM bar stock feeding methods are discontinuous. Furthermore, when the bar stock is depleted, the machine needs to be stopped and replaced with new bar stock to continue FSM, severely impacting efficiency. Moreover, the interruption in the process after stopping to replace the bar stock and restarting can easily lead to defects at the reconnection point. Therefore, discontinuous feeding significantly reduces the efficiency of FSM, urgently requiring a device that can achieve continuous bar stock feeding to solve these problems.

[0005] 2. To ensure that the bar stock rotates synchronously with the shoulder tool, the side of the bar stock must have at least one flat surface, and the corresponding feed channel must also have a corresponding shape, which imposes significant restrictions on the shape of the bar stock. For example, aluminum-based composite materials, titanium alloys, and other materials on the market are mostly in the form of plates and bars. To meet the bar stock shape requirements of friction stir additive manufacturing, it is often necessary to further machine the existing plates or bars to ensure that the side of the bar stock has at least one flat surface, resulting in a large workload for bar stock machining. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of using the above-described continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0009] A continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus includes: a support body, N chucks, M ball screws, an electric spindle, a guide shaft, and a shoulder tool, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is an integer greater than or equal to 3. The support body has a cavity inside, and a ring of protrusions is formed on the inner wall of the cavity. The cavity above the protrusions is the first cavity, and the cavity below the protrusions is the second cavity.

[0010] Each ball screw is vertically arranged and its screw passes through the first cavity. The drive motors of the M ball screws are fixed on the supporting body. The bottom of the screws of the M ball screws is rotatably connected to the protrusion. N chucks are arranged vertically and each chuck is horizontally arranged. The screws of the M ball screws pass through the N chucks. Each chuck is fixed to at least one ball screw nut so that the M ball screws drive the N chucks to move independently in the vertical direction.

[0011] The guide shaft is vertically arranged and fixed in the cavity. The guide shaft passes through the second cavity. The housingless motor of the electric spindle is fixed on the inner wall of the second cavity. The main shaft of the electric spindle is a hollow shaft with open bottom and top surfaces. The hollow shaft is sleeved on the guide shaft and a first bearing is installed between the hollow shaft and the outer wall of the guide shaft. The hollow shaft and the guide shaft are coaxially arranged.

[0012] The shoulder tool is located below the guide shaft and is fixed to the bottom of the hollow shaft. A gap is formed between the shoulder tool and the guide shaft. An extrusion channel is formed at the bottom end of the shoulder tool. A heating device is installed at the lower part of the guide shaft.

[0013] The bar stock is arranged vertically and passes through the N chucks. Each of the N chucks independently clamps or releases the bar stock. The bar stock passes through the guide shaft and extends out from the bottom of the guide shaft. Directly below the bar stock is a shoulder tool around the extrusion channel, so that the bar stock extending from the bottom of the guide shaft can contact the shoulder tool around the extrusion channel.

[0014] In the above technical solution, M=4 and N=2.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the two chucks are the first chuck and the second chuck from top to bottom. The nuts of the two ball screws are fixed to the first chuck but not to the second chuck. The nuts of the other two ball screws are fixed to the second chuck but not to the first chuck. The four ball screws are arranged along a rectangle, and the ball screws corresponding to the two nuts fixed to each chuck are located at opposite corners of the rectangle.

[0016] The above technical solution also includes: multiple guide posts, each of which is vertically set, and all guide posts pass through N chucks and are fixed to the supporting body, which are used to provide guidance for the movement of the chucks on the screw of the ball screw.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the guide shaft includes: a shaft body and a housing. The housing is used to fix the shaft body to the cavity. The housing is sleeved outside the shaft body and coaxially arranged with the shaft body. The bottom of the shaft body extends from the bottom end of the housing. An annular columnar sealed space is formed between the outer wall of the shaft body and the inner wall of the housing. An annular first piston is fixed outside the shaft body. The first piston divides the sealed space into two non-communicating spaces: a first space and a second space. The first space and the second space are respectively filled with a pressure transmission medium. A first opening is formed on the housing of the first space, and a second opening is formed on the housing of the second space.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the chuck includes: a disc body, a conical sleeve, a spring collet, and a drive mechanism. The spring collet is mounted on the disc body. The conical sleeve has a sleeve structure and its inner surface is frustoconical. The conical sleeve is fitted over the spring collet. The drive mechanism is used to drive the conical sleeve to move in the vertical direction. The degree to which the conical sleeve compresses the spring collet is adjusted by the vertical movement of the frustoconical inner surface of the conical sleeve, thereby driving the spring collet to clamp or loosen.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the spring collet is embedded in the disc body, and an annular first recessed groove is formed on the disc body in the circumferential direction of the spring collet. The first recessed groove is used to accommodate the conical sleeve and limit the conical sleeve so that the conical sleeve can only move in the vertical direction. An annular second recessed groove is embedded in the disc body in the circumferential direction of the conical sleeve. The two annular surfaces and the outer surface of the second recessed groove are closed, and the inner surface of the second recessed groove is open and covered by the conical sleeve. The first recessed groove and the second recessed groove are coaxially arranged. An annular second piston is arranged in the second recessed groove. The second piston divides the second recessed groove into a third space and a fourth space that are not connected to each other. The inner ring side of the second piston is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the conical sleeve. A first air port is formed on the disc body corresponding to the fourth space, and a second air port is formed on the disc body corresponding to the third space.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the first air port and the second air port are located on opposite sides of the disc.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the number of bars is S, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The chuck further includes a clamping block, which is located at the center of the spring collet and connected to the chuck body. The clamping block and the spring collet form S channels, each channel is arranged vertically, and each channel is used to pass through one bar. When the spring collet is clamped, each channel is used to clamp one bar.

[0022] In the above technical solution, when S is greater than 1, the S channels are arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0023] The above technical solution also includes a thermocouple, which is fixedly mounted on the shaft body.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the side of the shoulder tool closest to the guide shaft is an inner conical surface.

[0025] The method of using the above-mentioned continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus includes the following steps:

[0026] S1, release N chucks, pass the bar stock through the N chucks and guide shaft and extend it from the bottom of the guide shaft, then clamp the bar stock with at least one chuck, turn on the heating device to keep the guide shaft at 100~200°C for at least 1 minute, and turn off the heating device.

[0027] S2, the electric spindle is turned on to rotate the hollow shaft. The bar stock and the shoulder tool near the guide shaft rub against each other to generate heat, thus forming a plastic material in a plastic flow state. The bar stock is clamped by at least one chuck, and the ball screw corresponding to the nut fixed to the chuck clamping the bar stock moves, so that the chuck clamping the bar stock moves downward with the bar stock. By having N chucks alternately drive the bar stock downward, the bar stock is fed. As the bar stock is continuously fed, the plastic material is extruded along the extrusion channel at the bottom of the shoulder tool and deposited on the surface of the workpiece to form a deposition layer.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. In the continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus of the present invention, neither the chuck nor the guide shaft needs to rotate, reducing the difficulty of achieving continuous feeding. The continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus of the present invention has no limitations on the shape of the rod material, can accommodate rod materials with more cross-sectional shapes, and has wider applicability.

[0030] 2. The continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention, in the process of friction stirring additive manufacturing, uses N chucks to alternately drive the rod to move downward, thereby completing the uninterrupted and continuous feeding of the rod and realizing the continuity, uniformity and stability of the friction stirring additive manufacturing process.

[0031] 3. Existing friction stir additive manufacturing methods all involve contact between the bar stock and the workpiece surface, followed by frictional heating and plasticization. This requires applying significant pressure or load to the workpiece surface. In contrast, the continuous torsional extrusion feeding friction deposition molding device of this invention uses frictional heating between the bar stock and the shoulder tool to plasticize the bar stock, which is then extruded from the shoulder tool extrusion channel. This results in less pressure applied to the workpiece surface, which helps to reduce the overall deformation or residual stress of the workpiece after friction stir additive manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a top view of the chuck (the chuck clamps the bar stock);

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the AA side of the chuck (the chuck clamps the bar stock);

[0036] Figure 5 Top view of the chuck (chuck releasing bar stock);

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the AA side of the chuck (the chuck releases the bar stock).

[0038] Wherein, 1: bearing body, 1-1: protrusion, 2: chuck, 2-1: disc body, 2-2: conical sleeve, 2-3: spring collet, 2-4: clamping block, 2-5: second recessed groove, 2-6: second piston. 2-7: First air port; 2-8: Second air port; 2-9: Guide post insertion hole; 2-10: First recessed groove; 3: Ball screw; 3-1: Drive motor; 3-2: Screw; 3-3: Nut; 3-4: Reducer; 4: Electric spindle; 4-1: Motor without housing; 4-2: Hollow shaft; 5: Guide shaft; 5-1: Shaft body; 5-2: Housing; 5-3: First piston; 5-4: First opening; 5-5: Second opening; 6: Shoulder tool; 6-1: Extrusion channel; 7: Bar stock; 8: Second bearing; 9: Heating device; 10: Thermocouple; 11: Front end housing; 12: Guide post; 13: First bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus and its usage method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0040] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device includes: a support body 1, N chucks 2, M ball screws 3, an electric spindle 4, a guide shaft 5, and a shoulder tool 6, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is an integer greater than or equal to 3. The support body 1 has a cavity inside, and a ring of protrusions 1-1 is formed on the inner wall of the cavity. The cavity above the protrusions 1-1 is the first cavity, and the cavity below the protrusions 1-1 is the second cavity.

[0041] Each ball screw 3 includes a screw 3-2, a drive motor 3-1, and a reducer 3-4. Each ball screw 3 is vertically arranged and the screw 3-2 passes through the first cavity. The drive motors 3-1 and reducers 3-4 of the M ball screws 3 are fixedly mounted on the bearing body 1. The bottom of the screw 3-2 of the M ball screws 3 is rotatably connected to the protrusion 1-1. N chucks 2 are arranged vertically and each chuck 2 is horizontally arranged. The screw 3-2 of the M ball screws 3 passes through the N chucks 2. Each chuck 2 is fixedly mounted to at least one nut 3-3 of a ball screw 3 so that the M ball screws 3 can drive the N chucks 2 to move independently in the vertical direction.

[0042] The guide shaft 5 is vertically set and fixed in the cavity. The guide shaft 5 passes through the second cavity. The electric spindle 4's housingless motor 4-1 is fixed on the inner wall of the second cavity. The main shaft of the electric spindle 4 is a hollow shaft 4-2 with open bottom and top surfaces. The hollow shaft 4-2 is sleeved on the guide shaft 5 and a first bearing 13 is installed between it and the outer wall of the guide shaft 5. The hollow shaft 4-2 and the guide shaft 5 are coaxially set.

[0043] The shoulder tool 6 is located below the guide shaft 5 and is fixed to the bottom of the hollow shaft 4-2. The side of the shoulder tool 6 near the guide shaft 5 is an inner conical surface. A gap is formed between the shoulder tool 6 and the guide shaft 5. An extrusion channel 6-1 is formed at the bottom end of the shoulder tool 6. A heating device 9 is installed at the lower part of the guide shaft 5.

[0044] After the electric spindle 4 is turned on, the housingless motor 4-1 drives the hollow shaft 4-2 to rotate the shoulder tool 6 below the guide shaft 5.

[0045] The bar stock 7 is set vertically and passes through N chucks 2. Each of the N chucks 2 independently clamps or releases the bar stock 7. The bar stock 7 passes through the guide shaft 5 and extends out from the bottom of the guide shaft 5. The bar stock 7 and the extrusion channel 6-1 are not on the same straight line. That is, the bar stock 7 is directly below the shoulder tool 6 of the part surrounding the extrusion channel 6-1, so that the bar stock 7 extending out from the bottom of the guide shaft 5 can contact the shoulder tool 6 of the part surrounding the extrusion channel 6-1.

[0046] The method of using the above-mentioned continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus includes the following steps:

[0047] S1, release N chucks 2, pass the bar stock 7 through N chucks 2 and guide shaft 5 and extend it from the bottom of guide shaft 5, then clamp the bar stock 7 with at least one chuck 2, turn on the heating device 9 to keep the guide shaft 5 at 100~200℃ for at least 1 minute, and turn off the heating device 9 (before the start of friction stir additive manufacturing, the heating device 9 preheats the guide shaft 5 and the bar stock 7 inside it to reduce the time of friction heat generation stage and help the bar stock 7 quickly reach the plasticizing temperature of the bar stock 7).

[0048] S2, turn on the electric spindle 4 to rotate the hollow shaft 4-2. The bar stock 7 and the shoulder tool 6 near the guide shaft 5 rub against each other to generate heat and form a plastic material in a plastic flow state. The bar stock 7 is clamped by at least one chuck 2, and the ball screw 3 corresponding to the nut 3-3 fixed to the chuck 2 clamping the bar stock 7 moves, so that the chuck 2 clamping the bar stock 7 moves downward with the bar stock 7. By having N chucks 2 alternately drive the bar stock 7 to move downward, the bar stock 7 is fed. As the bar stock 7 is continuously fed, the plastic material is extruded along the extrusion channel 6-1 at the bottom of the shoulder tool 6 and deposited on the surface of the workpiece to form a deposition layer. Example 2

[0049] A continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus, based on Example 1, with M=4 and N=2.

[0050] The two chucks 2 are, from top to bottom, the first chuck and the second chuck. The nuts 3-3 of the two ball screws 3 are fixed to the first chuck but not to the second chuck. The nuts 3-3 of the other two ball screws 3 are fixed to the second chuck but not to the first chuck. The four ball screws 3 are arranged along a rectangle, and the ball screws 3 corresponding to the two nuts 3-3 fixed to each chuck 2 are located at opposite corners of the rectangle.

[0051] The continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device also includes: multiple guide columns 12 and thermocouples 10. Each guide column 12 is vertically arranged. All guide columns 12 pass through N chucks 2 (the chucks 2 have guide column insertion holes 2-9) and are fixed to the supporting body 1, which is used to provide guidance for the movement of the chucks 2 on the screw 3-2 of the ball screw 3.

[0052] The guide shaft 5 includes a shaft body 5-1 and a housing 5-2. A first channel for passing through the bar stock 7 is formed inside the shaft body 5-1. The housing 5-2 is fixed to the cavity and is sleeved on the outside of the shaft body 5-1 and coaxially arranged with the shaft body 5-1. The bottom of the shaft body 5-1 extends from the bottom end of the housing 5-2. An annular columnar sealed space is formed between the outer wall of the shaft body 5-1 and the inner wall of the housing 5-2. An annular first piston 5-3 is fixed on the outside of the shaft body 5-1. The first piston 5-3 divides the sealed space into two non-communicating spaces: a first space and a second space. The first space and the second space are respectively filled with a pressure transmission medium. A first opening 5-4 is formed on the housing 5-2 of the first space, and a second opening 5-5 is formed on the housing 5-2 of the second space. Pressure transmission medium is introduced through the first opening 5-4 and the second opening 5-5 to adjust the volume of the first space and the second space, thereby adjusting the position of the first piston 5-3. By changing the position of the first piston 5-3, the height of the shaft body 5-1 within the guide shaft 5 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance of the gap formed between the shaft guide shaft 5 and the shaft shoulder tool 6.

[0053] Thermocouple 10 is fixed on the shaft body 5-1 and is used to monitor the temperature of the shaft body 5-1.

[0054] Preferably, a protruding thread structure is formed on the inner conical surface. When the shoulder tool 6 rotates, the thread structure can guide and promote the flow of plastic material, allowing the plastic material to flow more quickly into the extrusion channel 6-1. Example 3

[0055] A continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus, based on Example 2, such as... Figures 3-6 As shown, the chuck 2 includes: a disc body 2-1, a conical sleeve 2-2, a spring collet 2-3, and a drive mechanism (not shown in the figure). The spring collet 2-3 is mounted on the disc body 2-1. The conical sleeve 2-2 is a sleeve structure with a frustum-shaped inner surface. The conical sleeve 2-2 is fitted over the spring collet 2-3. The drive mechanism is used to drive the conical sleeve 2-2 to move vertically. The degree to which the conical sleeve 2-2 compresses the spring collet 2-3 is adjusted by the vertical movement of the frustum-shaped inner surface of the conical sleeve 2-2, which is used to drive the spring collet 2-3 to clamp or loosen.

[0056] Preferably, the spring collet 2-3 is pneumatically driven to clamp or release. The driving mechanism includes an air compressor. The spring collet 2-3 is embedded in the disc body 2-1. A first annular groove 2-10 is formed on the disc body 2-1 in the circumferential direction of the spring collet 2-3. The first groove 2-10 is used to accommodate the conical sleeve 2-2 and limit the conical sleeve 2-2 so that the conical sleeve 2-2 can only move in the vertical direction. A second annular groove 2-5 is embedded inside the disc body 2-1 in the circumferential direction of the conical sleeve 2-2. The two annular surfaces and the outer surface of the second groove 2-5 are closed. The inner side of the groove 2-5 is open and covered by the conical sleeve 2-2. The first recess 2-10 and the second recess 2-5 are coaxially arranged. A ring-shaped second piston 2-6 is arranged in the second recess 2-5. The second piston 2-6 divides the second recess 2-5 into a third space and a fourth space that are not connected to each other. The inner ring side of the second piston 2-6 is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the conical sleeve 2-2. A first air port 2-7 is formed on the disc 2-1 corresponding to the fourth space, and a second air port 2-8 is formed on the disc 2-1 corresponding to the third space. The first air port 2-7 and the second air port 2-8 are located on opposite sides of the disc 2-1. Gas is injected into the fourth space through the first air port 2-7 by an air compressor while the second air port 2-8 remains open, increasing the volume of the fourth space. Gas is then injected into the third space through the second air port 2-8 by the air compressor while the first air port 2-7 remains open, decreasing the volume of the fourth space. This is because the air compressor drives the second piston 2-6 to move vertically, thereby causing the conical sleeve 2-2 to move vertically. Figure 3 As shown, the frustum shape of the inner surface of the conical sleeve 2-2 gradually tapers from bottom to top. The upper part of the spring collet 2-3 is the smaller end, and the lower part is the larger end. The fourth space is located above the second piston 2-6. When the volume of the fourth space increases, the spring collet 2-3 clamps; when the volume of the fourth space decreases, the spring collet 2-3 loosens. Example 4

[0057] A continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding apparatus, based on Example 2, wherein the number of rods 7 is S, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, such as... Figure 3 and 5 As shown, S=4. The chuck 2 also includes: a clamping block 2-4, which is located at the center of the spring collet 2-3 and is integrally formed with the disc body 2-1. The clamping block 2-4 and the spring collet 2-3 form S channels, which are arranged in a circumferential direction. Each channel is set in a vertical direction and each channel is used to pass through a bar 7. When the spring collet 2-3 clamps, each channel is used to clamp a bar 7.

[0058] Preferably, a second channel (not shown in the figure) is formed inside the shaft body 5-1. The second channel is not connected to the first channel. The second channel has an inlet and an outlet on the top surface of the shaft body 5-1. The water cooler is connected to the inlet and a constant-temperature cooling medium is introduced into the second channel through the inlet to keep the shaft body 5-1 at a certain temperature, while the excess temperature will not diffuse along the shaft body 5-1 to other positions of the guide shaft 5.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, a front end housing 11 is installed between the hollow shaft 4-2 below the casing motor 4-1 and the supporting body 1. The front end housing 11 is fixed on the inner wall of the supporting body 1. A second bearing 8 is installed between the front end housing 11 and the hollow shaft 4-2. The front end housing 11 can not only enclose the casing motor 4-1 inside the supporting body 1, but also provide auxiliary support for the rotation of the hollow shaft 4-2.

[0060] The present invention has been described above by way of example. It should be noted that any simple modifications, alterations or other equivalent substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort without departing from the core of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous torsionally extruded rod-feed friction-deposition forming apparatus characterized by, The utility model relates to a kind of vertical multi-axis machining center, including: Carrying body (1), N chuck (2), M ball screw (3), motorized spindle (4), guide shaft (5), thermocouple (10), multiple guide posts (12) and shaft shoulder tool (6), N is integer greater than or equal to 2, M is integer greater than or equal to 3, the cavity is formed in the carrying body (1) inside, a circle of protrusions (1-1) is formed on the inner wall of the cavity, the cavity above protrusion (1-1) is first cavity, the cavity below protrusion (1-1) is second cavity; Each ball screw (3) is vertically arranged and screw rod (3-2) passes through first cavity, the drive motor (3-1) of M ball screw (3) is fixed on carrying body (1), the bottom of the screw rod (3-2) of M ball screw (3) is rotatably connected on the protrusion (1-1), N chuck (2) is arranged along vertical direction, each chuck (2) is horizontally arranged, the screw rod (3-2) of M ball screw (3) passes through N chuck (2), each chuck (2) is fixed with at least one nut (3-3) of ball screw (3) to make N chuck (2) be moved along vertical direction by M ball screw (3) independently; The guide shaft (5) is vertically arranged and fixed in the cavity, the guide shaft (5) passes through the second cavity, the motorless machine (4-1) of the motorized spindle (4) is fixed on the inner wall of the second cavity, the spindle of the motorized spindle (4) is hollow shaft (4-2) with both bottom and top surface being open, the hollow shaft (4-2) is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide shaft (5) and is provided with a first bearing (13) between the outer wall of the guide shaft (5), and the hollow shaft (4-2) and the guide shaft (5) are coaxially arranged; The shaft shoulder tool (6) is below the guide shaft (5) and is fixed with the bottom of the hollow shaft (4-2), a gap is formed between the shaft shoulder tool (6) and the guide shaft (5), and the bottom end of the shaft shoulder tool (6) is formed with an extrusion channel (6-1), and a heating device (9) is installed at the lower part of the guide shaft (5); The bar stock (7) is vertically arranged and passes through the N chuck (2), and the N chuck (2) independently clamps or releases the bar stock (7), the bar stock (7) passes through the guide shaft (5) and extends from the bottom of the guide shaft (5), and the bar stock (7) is below the shaft shoulder tool (6) around the extrusion channel (6-1), so that the bar stock (7) extending from the bottom of the guide shaft (5) can contact the shaft shoulder tool (6) around the extrusion channel (6-1). The guide shaft (5) comprises a shaft body (5-1) and a shell (5-2) for being fixed with the cavity, the shell (5-2) is sleeved outside the shaft body (5-1) and coaxially arranged with the shaft body (5-1), the bottom of the shaft body (5-1) extends from the bottom end of the shell (5-2), an annular cylindrical closed space is formed between the outer wall of the shaft body (5-1) and the inner wall of the shell (5-2), a ring-shaped first piston (5-3) is fixed outside the shaft body (5-1), the first piston (5-3) divides the closed space into two spaces not communicated with each other, a first space and a second space, the first space and the second space are respectively filled with pressure transmission medium, a first opening (5-4) is formed on the shell (5-2) of the first space, and a second opening (5-5) is formed on the shell (5-2) of the second space; The thermocouple (10) is fixed on the shaft body (5-1), and the shaft shoulder tool (6) is an inner conical surface close to one side of the guide shaft (5); Each guide column (12) is vertically arranged, all the guide columns (12) pass through the N chucks (2) and are fixed with the bearing body (1), and are used for guiding the movement of the chucks (2) on the screw rods (3-2) of the ball screws (3). The chuck (2) comprises a disc body (2-1), a conical sleeve (2-2), a spring chuck (2-3) and a driving mechanism, the spring chuck (2-3) is installed on the disc body (2-1), the conical sleeve (2-2) is in a sleeve structure and has a circular truncated cone inner surface, the conical sleeve (2-2) is sleeved outside the spring chuck (2-3), the driving mechanism is used for driving the conical sleeve (2-2) to move in the vertical direction, the degree of compression of the spring chuck (2-3) is adjusted by the circular truncated cone inner surface of the conical sleeve (2-2) moving in the vertical direction, and the spring chuck (2-3) is driven to be clamped or loosened.

2. The continuous torsionally extruded rod-feed friction-deposition forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein M=4, N=2.

3. The continuous torsionally extruded rod-feed friction-deposition forming apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The two chucks (2) are sequentially a first chuck and a second chuck from top to bottom, the nuts (3-3) of the two ball screws (3) are fixed with the first chuck and are not fixed with the second chuck, the nuts (3-3) of the other two ball screws (3) are fixed with the second chuck and are not fixed with the first chuck, and the four ball screws (3) are arranged in a rectangle, and the ball screws (3) corresponding to the two nuts (3-3) fixed with each chuck (2) are located on opposite corners of the rectangle.

4. The continuous torsionally extruded rod-feed friction-deposition forming apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The spring chuck (2-3) is embedded into the disc body (2-1), and a first annular recess (2-10) is formed on the disc body (2-1) in the circumferential direction of the spring chuck (2-3), the first recess (2-10) is used for accommodating and limiting the conical sleeve (2-2) in the vertical direction, so that the conical sleeve (2-2) can only move in the vertical direction, and a second annular recess (2-5) is embedded in the disc body (2-1) in the circumferential direction of the conical sleeve (2-2), the two annular surfaces and the outer surface of the second recess (2-5) are closed, the inner surface of the second recess (2-5) is open and covered by the conical sleeve (2-2), the first recess (2-10) and the second recess (2-5) are coaxially arranged, a second annular piston (2-6) is arranged in the second recess (2-5), the second piston (2-6) divides the second recess (2-5) into a third space and a fourth space which are not connected with each other, the inner ring side of the second piston (2-6) is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the conical sleeve (2-2), the fourth space corresponds to the disc body (2-1) and a first gas port (2-7) is formed on the disc body (2-1), the third space corresponds to the disc body (2-1) and a second gas port (2-8) is formed on the disc body (2-1), and the first gas port (2-7) and the second gas port (2-8) are located on opposite sides of the disc body (2-1).

5. The continuous torsionally extruded rod-feed friction-deposition forming apparatus of claim 1 wherein, The number of the bars (7) is S, and S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

6. The continuous torsionally extruded rod-feed friction-deposition forming apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The chuck (2) further comprises a clamping block (2-4) located at the center of the spring chuck (2-3) and connected with the disc body (2-1), and S channels are formed between the clamping block (2-4) and the spring chuck (2-3), each channel is arranged in the vertical direction, and each channel is used for penetrating one of the bars (7), and each channel is used for clamping one of the bars (7) when the spring chuck (2-3) is clamped.

7. The method of using a continuous torsionally extruded rod feed friction deposition forming apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein, The method comprises the following steps: S1, loosening N chucks (2), penetrating the bars (7) through the N chucks (2) and the guide shaft (5) and making the bars (7) extend from the bottom of the guide shaft (5), and then clamping the bars (7) by at least one chuck (2), and turning on the heating device (9) to heat the guide shaft (5) at 100-200℃ for at least 1 min, and then turning off the heating device (9); S2, rotating the hollow shaft (4-2) of the electric spindle (4), and making the bars (7) and the shaft shoulder tool (6) close to the side of the guide shaft (5) to generate heat by friction and form a plastic material in a plastic flow state, clamping the bars (7) by at least one chuck (2), and making the nut (3-3) corresponding to the chuck (2) clamping the bars (7) move the ball screw (3) to make the chuck (2) clamping the bars (7) move downward with the bars (7), and the N chucks (2) alternately drive the bars (7) to move downward to realize the feeding of the bars (7), and with the continuous feeding of the bars (7), the plastic material is extruded along the extrusion channel (6-1) at the bottom of the shaft shoulder tool (6) and deposited on the workpiece surface to form a deposited layer.

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