Lower-layer steel rail independent unlocking method for rail-changing train to transport steel rails

Abstract

The invention discloses a lower-layer steel rail independent unlocking method for steel rail transportation of a rail changing train. The method comprises the following steps that S1, interlayer steel rail locking systems are built on the rail changing train front and back at intervals; s2, after the turnable locking bolts are turned over to be in a vertical state through a rail crossing operation tool, a weight lifting auxiliary tool drives a lifting locking weight assembly to be pressed downwards to be completely in butt joint with the turnable locking bolts in the vertical state, and therefore the steel rails in the middle area of the first layer are locked; finally, the steel rails of the first layer of remaining side areas are manually locked through the independent rail locking units; and 3, the lifting locking weight assembly is driven by the weight lifting auxiliary tool to move upwards till the lifting locking weight assembly is completely separated from the turnover locking bolts, so that the steel rails in the middle area of the first layer are unlocked, and then the independent rail locking units in the remaining side area of the first layer are manually unloaded. The invention has the advantages of selective loading and unloading of steel rails at any position, improvement of rail unloading efficiency, meeting of field operation requirements, novel conception, sufficient operation space and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail locking, and in particular relates to a method for independently unlocking lower rails used for transporting rails by a rail-changing train. Background Art

[0002] When existing rail-changing trains transport rails, they must first fill the bottom layer and lock it before loading the upper layer of rails and locking it; when loading and unloading the lower layer of rails, they must first unlock and remove the upper layer of rails before operating the lower layer of rails. Therefore, existing long-rail vehicles do not have the function of selecting and loading and unloading rails at any position. However, once it is necessary to move the rails removed from one place to another for installation, the rails are generally installed randomly at any position on the upper and lower layers when they are installed on the rail transport vehicle in order to improve installation efficiency. As a result, the length of the rails cannot be uniformly distributed and installed for all specifications. However, when the required length of the rails at another location is inconsistent, for example, the required specification of the rails happens to be located on the lower layer, but currently all the upper layer rails must be removed before the lower layer rails can be operated, resulting in low rail unloading efficiency, insufficient on-site operation flexibility, and failure to meet operational needs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for independently unlocking the lower rails of rail-changing trains for transporting rails, which can flexibly unlock the rails to meet operation requirements and solve the problem that the existing long-rail vehicles do not have the function of selecting and loading and unloading rails at any position, resulting in that the lengths of the rails cannot be uniformly allocated and installed in all specifications and cannot meet on-site operation requirements.

[0004] To this end, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train transporting rails, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1, building a rail locking system for each layer of rails at intervals on the rail-changing train, and then filling the first and second layers with rails, and first locking the rails on the second layer by an independent rail locking unit;

[0006] The interlayer rail locking system comprises a column mechanism arranged at intervals on the left and right and two groups of rail support beam mechanisms which are mirror-symmetrically overlapped on the column mechanism front and back, the rail support beam mechanism comprising a roller beam and a pressure iron beam corresponding to the upper and lower parts, the roller beam comprising a roller beam body, a plurality of lower belt-supporting rollers arranged at intervals on the roller beam body, a plurality of locking lower pressure blocks arranged at intervals in the middle area of ​​the roller beam body, and a reversible locking bolt which can be vertically rotatably installed on the locking lower pressure block, the lower belt-supporting roller is used to receive the rail of the lower layer, the reversible locking bolt can be vertically rotated 90° outwards and is correspondingly located on the outer side between the two lower belt-supporting rollers; the pressure iron beam comprises a pressure iron beam body, a plurality of upper belt-supporting rollers arranged at intervals on the top of the pressure iron beam body, and a lifting and locking pressure iron assembly located on the inner side of the pressure iron beam body, the lifting and locking pressure iron assembly corresponds one by one to the reversible locking bolt, and the upper belt-supporting roller is used to receive the rail of the upper layer;

[0007] Step S2, when the second layer is full of rails, the rails of the non-side first layer are locked; after the reversible locking bolt is flipped to a vertical state by the cross-rail operation tool, the lifting and locking weight assembly is driven down by the weight lifting auxiliary tool until it is completely connected with the reversible locking bolt in the vertical state, thereby locking the rails in the middle area of ​​the first layer, and finally manually locking the rails in the remaining side areas of the first layer by the independent rail locking unit;

[0008] Step 3: When the second layer is full of rails, unlock the rails of the non-side first layer; use the weight lifting auxiliary tool to drive the lifting and locking weight assembly to move up until it is completely disengaged from the flippable locking bolt, thereby unlocking the rails in the middle area of ​​the first layer, and then manually remove the independent locking rail units in the remaining side areas of the first layer.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the column mechanism includes a rotating shaft column and a locking beam column, both of which are front-to-back symmetrical structures. The two ends of the roller beam and the pressure beam are respectively overlapped on the rotating shaft column and the locking beam column, and the pressure beam can be rotated outward horizontally through the rotating shaft column. The pressure beam is installed on the rotating shaft column by rotating it outward horizontally. After unlocking all the upper rails, it can be opened outwards and completely moved away to make room, effectively avoiding affecting the disassembly and assembly of the lower rails, and the structural design is reasonable.

[0010] Further preferably, the lifting and locking weight assembly includes a weight base fixed on the inner side of a weight beam body, a weight shell located in the weight base and a locking column rotatably installed in the weight shell, the left and right sides of the weight shell are obliquely provided with side wings that can press adjacent rails, and the side away from the upper support roller is provided with an unlocking and upward lifting ring, so that the obliquely arranged side wings of adjacent weight shells can be staggered with each other without colliding with each other while pressing the rails on the left and right, thereby locking the middle rail, and the design structure is ingenious and reasonable; the top edge of the locking column is symmetrically provided with blocks extending outward and able to be stuck on the weight base, thereby fixing the locking column; the top of the locking column is provided with a hexagonal interface and the bottom is provided with a threaded hole, which is convenient for docking operation, and the design structure is reasonable.

[0011] Further preferably, the top of the weight iron base is provided with a square opening for the unlocking and moving upward lifting ring to pass through, the top of the weight iron base is provided with a fixed through hole that fits with the outer wall of the top end of the locking column, and anti-rotation short columns are provided along the circumference of the fixed through hole to prevent the locking column from self-spinning and unlocking due to vibration and sliding. The structural design is ingenious and has high practical value; when the unlocking and moving upward lifting ring is pulled to drive the top of the locking column to separate from the weight iron base, the locking column can be rotated through the hexagonal interface until the block can fall on the weight iron base, thereby driving the weight iron shell to be fixed in the weight iron base together, and it needs to be lifted to be higher than the anti-rotation short column before the locking column can be rotated.

[0012] Further preferably, the inner wall of the weight iron shell is provided with a limiting step that matches the outer wall of the locking column, the upper outer wall of the locking column is provided with an annular semicircular groove, and the weight iron shell is provided with through holes for inserting locating pins corresponding to the annular semicircular groove at left and right intervals, and the locating pin has a diameter that matches the diameter of the annular semicircular groove and passes through the annular semicircular groove horizontally on the inner side to ensure the stability of the installation, thereby axially limiting and fixing the locking column, ensuring the stable connection between the weight iron shell and the locking column, and ensuring that the locking column can only rotate but cannot move up and down relative to the weight iron shell. The design structure is ingenious and the structure is interlocking.

[0013] Further preferably, a rubber pad is installed at the bottom of the side wing, and a rubber pad is installed between the lower outer wall of the weight shell and the weight base. The rubber pad effectively prevents the components from direct contact and wear, thereby reducing the service life of the components; the inner end of the flippable locking bolt is integrally provided with a rotating main block that is inserted into the center groove of the locking lower pressure block and connected through a pin shaft, and a rubber pad is provided between one side of the rotating main block and the center groove of the locking lower pressure block.

[0014] It is further preferred that inverted "T"-shaped installation grooves are provided on the top of the pressure beam and on the left and right sides of the roller beam at intervals, and are equipped with independent rail locking units to lock the rails on the upper and lower sides. Notches for installing and removing independent rail locking units are provided on the bottom of the pressure beam corresponding to the left and right sides of the roller beam. The design structure is reasonable and reduces the cost of locking the bottom rails. Only the lifting and locking pressure iron assembly needs to be installed in the middle area of ​​the roller beam. Notches are provided on the bottom of the pressure beam corresponding to the left and right sides of the roller beam to leave space for manual operation, thereby ensuring the independent removal of the bottom side rails. The design is clever and reduces costs.

[0015] Further preferably, the independent rail locking unit comprises an inverted "T" type locking bolt inserted into an inverted "T" type installation groove and an independent locking block installed on the inverted "T" type locking bolt and pressing the adjacent rails, the vertical screw of the inverted "T" type locking bolt passes through the gap between the adjacent rails, and the independent locking block is fastened and installed by a nut, and the adjacent independent rail locking unit is used to lock the middle rail, and the design structure is reasonable. The operation is simple and quick.

[0016] Further preferably, the weight lifting auxiliary tool comprises a tool stabilizing seat that can be clamped between adjacent rails for fixation and a manual lifting connecting rod installed on the tool stabilizing seat and capable of being inserted into the hexagonal socket on the top of the lifting and locking weight assembly.

[0017] Further preferably, the cross-track operating tool includes a "T"-shaped rod and a bolt-flipping horizontal plate located at the bottom end of the "T"-shaped rod, one side of the bolt-flipping horizontal plate is equipped with a lifting hook that can hook the unlocked upward lifting ring, and the other side is provided with a notch that is inserted into the flippable locking bolt, thereby driving the flippable locking bolt to switch between the horizontal state and the vertical state.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] (1) Compared with the existing long-rail vehicles that do not have the function of loading and unloading rails at any position, this solution builds a rail locking system at intervals on the front and rear of the rail-changing train, and after the reversible locking bolt is flipped to a vertical state through the cross-rail operating tool, the lifting and lowering locking weight assembly is driven by the weight lifting auxiliary tool to be pressed down to fully engage with the reversible locking bolt in the vertical state, or moved up to completely disengage from the reversible locking bolt, thereby realizing the individual locking or unlocking of rails at any position on the upper and lower layers, without the need to unlock the rails layer by layer in order from the upper layer to the lower layer. In addition, when loading rails, the rails can be uniformly loaded on the upper or lower layer according to their specifications, and the efficiency of rail unloading can be improved at the same time, achieving two goals at one stroke, realizing rail loading and unloading at any position, with flexible operation and meeting the needs of on-site operations.

[0020] (2) The reversible locking bolt is located between the two lower support belt rollers. When the left and right adjacent lifting and locking pressure iron assemblies are fully connected with the corresponding reversible locking bolts, the rail between the two lifting and locking pressure iron assemblies can be fully locked. The concept is novel, the design is ingenious, and the structure is interlocking.

[0021] (3) The reversible locking bolt installed on the locking lower pressure block can be rotated vertically outward by 90°. When it is flipped outward, there is enough working space without any position conflict with other components. The spatial layout is reasonable, so the lower support belt roller needs to be installed on the inner side of the roller beam, and the upper support belt roller is set on the top of the pressure iron beam body and is located on the outer side accordingly. Therefore, the upper support belt roller and the lower support belt roller are arranged in a front-to-back staggered manner, which not only ensures the operating space but also ensures that the upper and lower layers of the column mechanism are subjected to dispersed forces, and the load-bearing force is not concentrated on one side, thereby ensuring the stability of the column mechanism. The design is reasonable.

[0022] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of being able to selectively load and unload rails at any position, improving rail unloading efficiency, meeting on-site operation requirements, having a novel concept, sufficient operating space, and having a stable column mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interlayer rail locking system (the independent locking unit of the upper rail is not shown).

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of the (showing the independent locking unit for the upper rail).

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Left view of .

[0026] Figure 4 This is a top view of the lifting and locking iron pressure assembly and the reversible locking bolt in a fully docked state.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a top view of the flip-out locking bolt in the unlocked state.

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Partial cross-sectional view.

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the lifting and locking pressure iron assembly parts.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting locking pressure iron assembly and the flip locking bolt being in an un-jointed and unlocked state.

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the process of step S2 of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of step S3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Combination Figure 1 — Fig.10 As shown, a method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train transporting rails, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0035] Step S1, building a rail locking system for each layer of rails at intervals on the rail-changing train, and then filling the first and second layers with rails 1, and first locking the rails 1 on the second layer by an independent rail locking unit 6;

[0036] The interlayer rail locking system is composed of column mechanisms arranged at intervals on the left and right and two groups of rail support beam mechanisms symmetrically overlapped on the column mechanisms in front and back mirror images.

[0037] The column mechanism is composed of a rotating shaft column 4 and a locking beam column 5, both of which are front-to-back symmetrical structures.

[0038] The rail support beam structure is composed of a roller beam 2 and a pressure beam 3 corresponding to the upper and lower parts.

[0039] Both ends of the roller beam 2 and the pressure beam 3 are respectively overlapped on the rotating shaft column 4 and the lock beam column 5, and the pressure beam 3 can realize outward horizontal rotation through the rotating shaft column 4.

[0040] The roller beam 2 is composed of a roller beam body 24, a plurality of lower support rollers 21 spaced apart on the roller beam body 24, a plurality of locking pressing blocks 22 spaced apart in the middle area of ​​the roller beam body 24, and a flippable locking bolt 23 vertically rotatably mounted on the locking pressing block 22.

[0041] The lower support belt roller 21 is used to receive the rail 1 at the lower layer.

[0042] The flip lock bolt 23 can be vertically rotated 90° outward and is correspondingly located on the outer side between the two lower belt-supporting rollers 21 .

[0043] The inner end of the flippable locking bolt 23 is integrally provided with a rotating main block 231 that is inserted into the central groove of the locking pressing block 22 and is connected via a pin shaft.

[0044] A rubber pad 9 is provided between one side of the rotating main block 231 and the central groove of the locking pressing block 22 .

[0045] The pressure beam 3 is composed of a pressure beam body 33 , a plurality of upper belt-supporting rollers 31 spaced apart on the top of the pressure beam body 33 , and a lifting and locking pressure assembly 32 located inside the pressure beam body 33 .

[0046] The lifting locking iron pressure assembly 32 corresponds to the flippable locking bolt 23 one by one in the upper and lower directions.

[0047] The upper support belt roller 31 is used to receive the rail 1 on the upper layer.

[0048] When the rails 1 on the upper layer are full, the locking weight assembly 32 is lifted and pressed down to completely engage with the vertically reversible locking bolt 23, or moved up to completely disengage from the reversible locking bolt 23, thereby independently locking or unlocking the rails 1 on the lower layer.

[0049] A rotating drum 35 is integrally provided at the end of the pressure iron beam 3 close to the rotating shaft column 4 .

[0050] The rotating drum 35 is installed on the rotating main shaft of the rotating shaft column 4 through bearings arranged at intervals above and below, so as to realize the outward horizontal rotation of the iron pressure beam 3.

[0051] The lifting and locking weight assembly 32 is composed of a weight base 321 fixed to the inner side of a weight beam body 33 , a weight shell 322 located in the weight base 321 , and a locking column 323 rotatably mounted in the weight shell 322 .

[0052] The left and right sides of the weight housing 322 are obliquely provided with side wings 322 a that can press the adjacent rails 1 , and the side away from the upper supporting belt roller 31 is provided with an unlocking upward lifting ring 324 .

[0053] A stopper 323 a is symmetrically provided on the top edge of the locking column 323 and extends outward and can be stuck on the weight base 321 .

[0054] The locking column 323 has a hexagon socket at the top and a threaded hole at the bottom.

[0055] A square opening is provided on the top of the weight iron base 321 for the unlocking and upward lifting ring 324 to pass through.

[0056] A fixing through hole is provided at the top of the weight iron base 321 and matches with the outer wall of the top end of the locking column 323 , and anti-rotation short columns are provided along the circumference of the fixing through hole.

[0057] When the lifting and unlocking lifting ring 324 drives the top of the locking column 323 to separate from the weight base 321, the locking column 323 can be rotated through the hexagonal interface until the stop block 323a can fall on the weight base 321, thereby driving the weight shell 322 to be fixed in the weight base 321.

[0058] The inner wall of the weight housing 322 is provided with a limiting step that matches the outer wall of the locking column 323, and the upper outer wall of the locking column 323 is provided with an annular semicircular groove.

[0059] The iron weight housing 322 is provided with through holes at intervals on the left and right corresponding to the annular semicircular groove for the positioning pins 322b to be inserted, and the diameter of the positioning pins 322b matches the diameter of the annular semicircular groove and passes through the annular semicircular groove horizontally on the inside, thereby axially limiting and fixing the locking column 323.

[0060] A rubber pad 9 is installed at the bottom of the side wing 322a.

[0061] A rubber pad 9 is installed between the lower outer wall of the weight housing 322 and the weight base 321 .

[0062] The locking beam column 5 is provided with a locking assembly at the end of the corresponding pressure iron beam 3.

[0063] The locking assembly is composed of a pressure beam baffle plate 51 at the end of the vertical limit pressure beam 3 spaced apart from each other, a locking iron 52 rotatably mounted on the lower pressure beam baffle plate 51 , and a baffle iron 53 rotatably mounted on the upper pressure beam baffle plate 51 .

[0064] When the lock iron 52 is rotated to a vertical state, the top of the lock iron 52 is fixed by the stop iron 53 rotated to a horizontal state and combined with the side wall of the lock beam column 5 to horizontally limit the end of the iron beam 3 to achieve locking.

[0065] Inverted "T"-shaped installation grooves are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the weight beam 3 and the left and right sides of the roller beam 2, and are equipped with independent rail locking units 6 to lock the rails 1 located on the upper and lower sides. Notches 34 for installing and removing independent rail locking units 6 are provided at the bottom of the weight beam 3 corresponding to the left and right sides of the roller beam 2.

[0066] The independent rail locking unit 6 is composed of an inverted “T”-shaped locking bolt 61 inserted into an inverted “T”-shaped mounting groove and an independent locking pressing block 62 installed on the inverted “T”-shaped locking bolt 61 and pressing the adjacent rail 1 .

[0067] The vertical screw of the inverted “T”-shaped locking bolt 61 passes through the gap between adjacent rails 1 and is fastened to the independent locking pressing block 62 by a nut.

[0068] Step S2, when the second layer is full of rails 1, the rails 1 of the non-side first layer are locked; after the reversible locking bolts 23 are flipped to a vertical state by the cross-rail operation tool 7, the lifting and locking weight assembly 32 is driven by the weight lifting auxiliary tool 8 to be pressed down to completely dock with the reversible locking bolts 23 in the vertical state, thereby locking the rails 1 in the middle area of ​​the first layer, and finally the rails 1 in the remaining side areas of the first layer are manually locked by the independent rail locking unit 6;

[0069] The weight lifting auxiliary tool 8 is composed of a tool stabilizing seat 81 that can be clamped between adjacent rails 1 for fixation and a manual lifting connecting rod 82 installed on the tool stabilizing seat 81 and capable of being inserted into the hexagonal interface at the top of the lifting and locking weight assembly 32.

[0070] The cross-rail operation tool 7 is composed of a “T”-shaped rod 71 and a bolt-turned horizontal plate 72 located at the bottom end of the “T”-shaped rod 71 .

[0071] A lifting hook 73 capable of hooking the unlocking upward lifting ring 324 is installed on one side of the bolt flip horizontal plate 72, and a notch for inserting the flip lock bolt 23 is provided on the other side, thereby driving the flip lock bolt 23 to switch between the horizontal state and the vertical state.

[0072] Step 3, when the second layer is full of rails 1, unlock the rails 1 of the non-side first layer; use the weight lifting auxiliary tool 8 to drive the lifting and locking weight assembly 32 to move up until it is completely disengaged from the flippable locking bolt 23, thereby unlocking the rails 1 in the middle area of ​​the first layer, and then manually remove the independent locking rail units 6 in the remaining side areas of the first layer.

[0073] When the manual lifting link 82 drives the locking column 323 to move down to the lower end threaded hole and fully engage with the vertically reversible locking bolt 23, the side wings 322a of the weight shell 322 press tightly against the adjacent rails 1, and the side wings 322a of the left and right adjacent weight shells 322 can achieve left and right locking of the middle rail 1.

[0074] When the manual lifting link 82 drives the locking column 323 to move upward and completely disengage from the flip-over locking bolt 23, the lifting hook 73 pulls up and unlocks the lifting link 324 to drive the weight shell 322 to move upward, and the locking column 323 can be twisted by the manual lifting link 82 until the block 323a passes through the weight base 321, and after it is higher than the anti-rotation short column, it can be rotated and clamped for fixed storage.

Claims

1. A method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, constructing a rail locking system for the interlayers at intervals in front and back of a rail-changing train, and then filling the first and second layers with rails (1), and first locking the rails (1) of the second layer by an independent rail locking unit (6); The interlayer rail locking system comprises a column mechanism arranged at intervals on the left and right and two groups of rail support beam mechanisms symmetrically overlapped on the column mechanism in a front-to-back manner. The rail support beam mechanism comprises a roller beam (2) and a pressure beam (3) corresponding to each other in the upper and lower parts. The roller beam (2) comprises a roller beam body (24), a plurality of lower support rollers (21) arranged at intervals on the roller beam body (24), a plurality of locking lower pressing blocks (22) arranged at intervals in the middle area of ​​the roller beam body (24), and a flippable locking bolt (23) mounted on the locking lower pressing block (22) in a vertically rotatable manner. The lower support rollers (21) are provided on the roller beam body (24) to prevent the lower support rollers from being damaged. The wheel (21) is used to receive the steel rail (1) of the lower layer, the reversible locking bolt (23) can be vertically rotated 90 degrees outward, and is located correspondingly on the outer side between the two lower belt-supporting rollers (21); the pressure iron beam (3) comprises a pressure iron beam body (33), a plurality of upper belt-supporting rollers (31) arranged at intervals on the top of the pressure iron beam body (33), and a lifting and locking pressure iron assembly (32) located on the inner side of the pressure iron beam body (33), the lifting and locking pressure iron assembly (32) and the reversible locking bolt (23) correspond one by one in the upper and lower directions, and the upper belt-supporting roller (31) is used to receive the steel rail (1) of the upper layer; Step S2, when the second layer is full of rails (1), the rails (1) of the non-side first layer are locked; after the reversible locking bolts (23) are flipped to a vertical state by a cross-rail operation tool (7), the lifting and locking weight assembly (32) is driven downward by a weight lifting auxiliary tool (8) until it is completely docked with the reversible locking bolts (23) in the vertical state, thereby locking the rails (1) in the middle area of ​​the first layer, and finally the rails (1) in the remaining side areas of the first layer are manually locked by an independent rail locking unit (6); Step 3, when the second layer is full of rails (1), unlock the rails (1) of the non-side first layer; drive the lifting and locking weight assembly (32) to move up until it is completely disengaged from the flip-over locking bolt (23) through the weight lifting auxiliary tool (8), thereby unlocking the rails (1) in the middle area of ​​the first layer, and then manually remove the independent locking rail units (6) in the remaining side areas of the first layer.

2. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column mechanism comprises a rotating shaft column (4) and a locking beam column (5) both of which are front-to-back symmetrical structures; both ends of the roller beam (2) and the pressure beam (3) are respectively overlapped on the rotating shaft column (4) and the locking beam column (5); and the pressure beam (3) can realize outward horizontal rotation through the rotating shaft column (4).

3. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and locking weight assembly (32) comprises a weight base (321) fixed on the inner side of a weight beam body (33), a weight shell (322) located in the weight base (321), and a locking column (323) rotatably mounted in the weight shell (322); the weight shell (322) is obliquely provided with side wings (322a) capable of pressing the adjacent rails (1) on the left and right sides; the side away from the upper support roller (31) is provided with an unlocking upward lifting ring (324); the top edge of the locking column (323) is symmetrically provided with a stopper (323a) extending outwards and capable of being clamped on the weight base (321); the top end of the locking column (323) is provided with a hexagonal interface and the bottom end is provided with a threaded hole.

4. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the weight iron base (321) is provided with a square opening for the unlocking and moving upward lifting ring (324) to pass through, and the top of the weight iron base (321) is provided with a fixing through hole that fits with the outer wall of the top end of the locking column (323), and anti-rotation short columns are provided along the circumference of the fixing through hole. When the unlocking and moving upward lifting ring (324) is lifted to drive the top of the locking column (323) to separate from the weight iron base (321), the locking column (323) can be rotated through the hexagonal interface to rotate until the stop block (323a) can fall on the weight iron base (321), thereby driving the weight iron shell (322) to be fixed in the weight iron base (321).

5. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the pressure iron housing (322) is provided with a limiting step that matches the outer wall of the locking column (323), and the upper outer wall of the locking column (323) is provided with an annular semicircular groove. The pressure iron housing (322) is provided with through holes spaced apart on the left and right sides corresponding to the annular semicircular groove for the positioning pin (322b) to be inserted, and the positioning pin (322b) has a diameter that matches the diameter of the annular semicircular groove and passes through the annular semicircular groove horizontally on the inside, thereby axially limiting and fixing the locking column (323).

6. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rubber pad (a) is installed at the bottom of the side wing (322a), a rubber pad (a) is installed between the lower outer wall of the weight housing (322) and the weight base (321), and the inner end of the flippable locking bolt (23) is integrally provided with a rotating main block (231) inserted into the central groove of the locking lower pressure block (22) and connected via a pin shaft, and a rubber pad (a) is provided between one side of the rotating main block (231) and the central groove of the locking lower pressure block (22).

7. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 2, characterized in that: Inverted "T"-shaped installation grooves are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the pressure beam (3) and the left and right sides of the roller beam (2), and are equipped with independent rail locking units (6) to lock the steel rails (1) located on the upper and lower sides. Notches (34) for installing and removing the independent rail locking units (6) are provided at the bottom of the pressure beam (3) corresponding to the left and right sides of the roller beam (2).

8. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 7, characterized in that: The independent rail locking unit (6) comprises an inverted "T"-shaped locking bolt (61) inserted into an inverted "T"-shaped mounting groove and an independent locking pressing block (62) mounted on the inverted "T"-shaped locking bolt (61) and pressing the adjacent steel rails (1); the vertical screw of the inverted "T"-shaped locking bolt (61) passes through the gap between the adjacent steel rails (1), and the independent locking pressing block (62) is fastened and mounted by a nut.

9. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight lifting auxiliary tool (8) comprises a tool stabilizing seat (81) that can be clamped between adjacent rails (1) for fixation, and a manual lifting connecting rod (82) that is mounted on the tool stabilizing seat (81) and can be inserted into the hexagonal socket at the top of the lifting and locking weight assembly (32).

10. The method for independently unlocking the lower rails of a rail-changing train according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-rail operating tool (7) comprises a "T"-shaped rod (71) and a bolt-turning horizontal plate (72) located at the bottom end of the "T"-shaped rod (71); a lifting hook (73) capable of hooking the unlocking upward lifting ring (324) is installed on one side of the bolt-turning horizontal plate (72); and a notch for inserting the flippable locking bolt (23) is provided on the other side, thereby driving the flippable locking bolt (23) to switch between a horizontal state and a vertical state.

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