Fender structure and vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to a fender structure and a vehicle, and to the field of vehicle technology. By setting the number of first holes per unit area of ​​the first region to be greater than the number of second holes per unit area of ​​the second region, the first holes are distributed more densely in the first region. By setting the first area to be smaller than the second area, more first holes can be opened per unit area, so the density of the first holes opened in the first region is greater than the density of the second holes opened in the second region. This makes the first region around the installation area have higher strength and stability. When the fender structure is fixedly installed, the first region is not easily damaged, so that the fender structure has good load-bearing performance, thereby extending the service life of the fender structure. In addition, the second holes with a smaller density are opened in the second region other than the installation area and the first region, so that the fender structure is more lightweight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a fender structure and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In order to reduce the risk of damage to the vehicle body and tires by mud, stones and other debris, vehicles are usually equipped with fender structures.

[0003] Common fender structures utilize thick-walled fiberglass for excellent rigidity and strength. However, this thick-walled material makes the fender structure heavier, potentially affecting the vehicle's center of gravity and reducing vehicle handling. Additionally, some fender structures utilize plastic materials for lightweighting, but this reduces the load-bearing capacity of the resulting fender structure, shortening its service life. Therefore, balancing lightweight fender structure with load-bearing performance is a significant concern. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a fender structure and a vehicle so that the fender structure can achieve the advantage of lightweight and also have certain load-bearing performance.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a fender structure, comprising a first carbon fiber layer and a second carbon fiber layer coated on an outer surface of the first carbon fiber layer;

[0006] The first carbon fiber layer includes a mounting area, a first area surrounding the mounting area, and a second area excluding the mounting area and the first area, the second area being adjacent to the first area; a thickness direction of the fender structure is defined as a first direction; a plurality of mutually unconnected first holes are formed in the first area along the first direction, and a plurality of mutually unconnected second holes are formed in the second area along the first direction;

[0007] A plane perpendicular to the first direction is defined as a reference plane, an area of ​​an orthographic projection of the first hole on the reference plane is defined as a first area, and an area of ​​an orthographic projection of the second hole on the reference plane is defined as a second area; the first area is smaller than the second area;

[0008] The number of the first holes per unit area of ​​the first region is greater than the number of the second holes per unit area of ​​the second region.

[0009] In one embodiment, all first holes have the same shape; and / or

[0010] All second holes have the same shape; and / or

[0011] All first holes and all second holes have the same opening shape; and / or

[0012] The ratio of the second area to the first area is 1.5 to 2.5.

[0013] In one embodiment, the second carbon fiber layer comprises:

[0014] a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; and

[0015] A plurality of reinforcement layers are arranged on at least one of the first surface and the second surface; the reinforcement layers are all extended longitudinally.

[0016] In one embodiment, the reinforcement layer has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along the longitudinal extension direction of the reinforcement layer;

[0017] The direction from the first end to the second end is defined as the target direction, and the surface of the first surface and the second surface provided with the reinforcement layer is defined as the target surface; in the same target surface, the target directions corresponding to the multiple reinforcement layers intersect with each other.

[0018] In one embodiment, the reinforcement layer has a laminate portion located between a first end and a second end;

[0019] In the same target surface, the stacked portions of all the reinforcement layers are stacked on the target surface.

[0020] In one embodiment, on the same target surface, all target directions include a first target direction, a second target direction, a third target direction, and a fourth target direction;

[0021] The second target direction forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first target direction; the fourth target direction forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first target direction, and the fourth target direction and the second target direction are perpendicular to each other; the third target direction and the first target direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0022] In one embodiment, a reinforcing layer extending along a first target direction is defined as a first reinforcing layer, a reinforcing layer extending along a second target direction is defined as a second reinforcing layer, a reinforcing layer extending along a third target direction is defined as a third reinforcing layer, and a reinforcing layer extending along a fourth target direction is defined as a fourth reinforcing layer. The substrate is longitudinally extended, and the first target direction is parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the substrate.

[0023] The portion of the reinforcement layer other than the laminated portion is defined as the reinforcement portion; the ratio of the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the first reinforcement layer, the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the second reinforcement layer, the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the third reinforcement layer, and the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the fourth reinforcement layer is 28:29:14:29.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first carbon fiber layer further includes a rounded area, the first carbon fiber layer further includes a woven body disposed in the rounded area, and a plurality of raised portions disposed between the woven body and the second carbon fiber layer, wherein the woven body is at least partially hollow.

[0025] wherein the rounded area is adjacent to the first area; and / or

[0026] The rounded area is adjacent to the second area.

[0027] In one embodiment, the raised portion has a first surface arranged along a raised direction of the raised portion and facing away from the woven body. The first surface is configured as a plane, and the plane where the first surface is located is perpendicular to the raised direction.

[0028] In one embodiment, all the protrusions constitute a plurality of protrusion units, and a protrusion unit includes a plurality of protrusions;

[0029] The protrusion unit includes two first sub-protrusions spaced apart along the second direction and two second sub-protrusions spaced apart along the third direction, each of the first sub-protrusions has a first plane, and each of the second sub-protrusions has a second plane; the shape of the first plane and the shape of the second plane are both configured as an isosceles triangle; the first surface includes the first plane and the second plane;

[0030] The two first symmetry axes of the two first planes are parallel to the second direction and overlap with each other, and the two first sub-protrusions are symmetrically arranged relative to the third direction; the two second symmetry axes of the two second planes are parallel to the third direction and overlap with each other, and the two second sub-protrusions are symmetrically arranged relative to the second direction; the second direction, the third direction and the protrusion direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0031] In one embodiment, all the protrusion units are arranged in rows along the second direction and in columns along the third direction.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present application provides a vehicle comprising the fender structure of any of the above embodiments.

[0033] The above-mentioned fender structure and vehicle, by setting the number of first holes per unit area of ​​the first region to be greater than the number of second holes per unit area of ​​the second region, make the first holes more densely distributed in the first region. And by making the first area smaller than the second area, more first holes can be opened in the same unit area, so the density of the first holes opened in the first region is greater than the density of the second holes opened in the second region. This makes the first region around the installation area have higher strength and stability. When the fender structure is fixedly installed, the first region is not easily damaged, so that the fender structure has good load-bearing performance, thereby extending the service life of the fender structure. In addition, the second holes with a smaller density are opened in the second region other than the installation area and the first region, so that the fender structure is more lightweight. In this way, the fender structure not only achieves the advantage of lightweight but also has certain load-bearing performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fender structure provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fender structure.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle fender structure at point a.

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic top view of the second carbon fiber layer in the fender structure in some embodiments.

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The second carbon fiber layer in the structure of the first reinforcement layer in some embodiments.

[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second carbon fiber layer in some embodiments of the third reinforcement layer.

[0040] Figure 7 for Figure 4 The second carbon fiber layer in the structure of the second reinforcement layer in some embodiments.

[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth reinforcement layer in some embodiments of the second carbon fiber layer.

[0042] Figure 9 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the fender structure at point b.

[0043] Figure 10 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fender structure from another perspective.

[0044] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the fender structure at HH.

[0045] Figure 12 for Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of the fender structure.

[0046] The accompanying drawings in the specific implementation manner are as follows:

[0047] 100. Fender structure, 1. First carbon fiber layer, A. Mounting area, C1. First area, C2. Second area, Y. Rounded area, K1. First hole, K2. Second hole, 2. Second carbon fiber layer, B. Base plate, Q. Reinforcement layer, C. Lamination portion, D1. First end, D2. Second end, P1. First reinforcement layer, P2. Second reinforcement layer, P3. Third reinforcement layer, P4. Fourth reinforcement layer, BZ. Braided body, T. Raised portion, T1. First sub-raised portion, T2. Second sub-raised portion, J1. First area, J2. Second area, M1. First plane, M2. Second plane.

[0048] F1, first direction, F2, second direction, F3, third direction, F4, longitudinal extension direction of substrate B, Fm1, first target direction, Fm2, second target direction, Fm3, third target direction, Fm4, fourth target direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0051] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, these terms may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, if a first feature is described as being "above" or "below" a second feature, or similar descriptions, this may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is described as being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is described as being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0054] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 1 shows a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a fender structure 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The present application provides a fender structure 100, comprising a first carbon fiber layer 1 and a second carbon fiber layer 2 coated on an outer surface of the first carbon fiber layer 1.

[0056] The term "carbon fiber" in the carbon fiber layer refers to high-strength, high-modulus fibers with a carbon content of at least 90%. A "carbon fiber layer" refers to a thin layer of material made of carbon fibers. "Coating" refers to covering the surface of an object with another material. Specifically, in this application, the second carbon fiber layer 2 covers the outer surface of the first carbon fiber layer 1. In some embodiments, the first carbon fiber layer 1 and the second carbon fiber layer 2 can be bonded together using an oxidized resin adhesive.

[0057] The first carbon fiber layer 1 includes a mounting area A, a first area C1 surrounding the mounting area A, and a second area C2 excluding the mounting area A and the first area C1. The first area C1 and the second area C2 are adjacent to each other.

[0058] "Regions" refer to the division of carbon fiber into distinct spatial units. Mounting Region A is the portion of the carbon fiber layer used to mount certain components. First Region C1 is arranged around Mounting Region A and requires a certain level of strength. Second Region C2 is the portion adjacent to and beyond Mounting Region A and C1, requiring a more lightweight design. "Adjacent" refers to direct contact between two regions. Specifically, in this application, this means there is no separation between First Region C1 and Second Region C2, and they share a portion of their boundary.

[0059] Continue to refer to Figure 2 Combined with reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 for Figure 2A partial enlarged view of the middle fender structure 100 at point a. The thickness direction of the fender structure 100 is defined as the first direction F1, and a plurality of first holes K1 that are not connected to each other are provided along the first direction F1 on the first area C1, and a plurality of second holes K2 that are not connected to each other are provided along the first direction F1 on the second area C2. The plane perpendicular to the first direction F1 is defined as the reference plane, and the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first hole K1 on the reference plane is the first area J1, and the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second hole K2 on the reference plane is the second area J2. The first area J1 is set to be smaller than the second area J2, and the number of first holes K1 per unit area of ​​the first area C1 is greater than the number of second holes K2 per unit area of ​​the second area C2. Among them, the first direction F1 can refer to Figure 3 The direction of the first hole K1 in K1 can also be referred to Figure 3 K2 in FIG refers to the direction of the second hole K2.

[0060] By setting the number of first holes K1 per unit area in the first region C1 greater than the number of second holes K2 per unit area in the second region C2, the first holes K1 are more densely distributed in the first region C1. Furthermore, by making the first area J1 smaller than the second area J2, more first holes K1 can be provided per the same unit area. Consequently, the density of first holes K1 in the first region C1 is greater than the density of second holes K2 in the second region C2. This results in greater strength and stability in the first region C1 surrounding the mounting area A. This makes the first region C1 less susceptible to damage during installation, ensuring excellent load-bearing performance and extending the service life of the fender structure 100. Furthermore, by providing a lower density of second holes K2 in the second region C2, excluding the mounting area A and the first region C1, the fender structure 100 can be reduced in weight by 60% while maintaining structural stiffness and strength, achieving a lightweight design.

[0061] In this way, the fender structure 100 not only achieves the advantage of being lightweight but also has a certain load-bearing performance.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , all first holes K1 have the same shape; and / or, all second holes K2 have the same shape; and / or, the opening shapes of all first holes K1 and all second holes K2 are the same; and / or, the ratio of the second area J2 to the first area J1 is 1.5 to 2.5.

[0063] In some embodiments, including but not limited to the following:

[0064] When "all first holes K1 have the same shape", multiple first holes K1 with the same shape can evenly distribute the load, enhance the overall structural consistency of the first area C1, and make the mechanical properties of the first area C1 of the first carbon fiber layer 1 more uniform. The same shape facilitates processing and production, simplifies the production process, and improves production efficiency in the first area C1.

[0065] Similarly, when "all second holes K2 have the same shape", multiple second holes K2 of the same shape can evenly distribute the load, thereby enhancing the consistency of the overall structure of the second area C2, making the mechanical properties of the second area C2 of the first carbon fiber layer 1 more uniform, and the same shape facilitates processing and production, further improving the production efficiency of the second area C2.

[0066] When "the shapes of all first holes K1 and all second holes K2 are the same", the overall structural consistency of the first area C1 and the second area C2 can be further enhanced, so that the mechanical properties of the first carbon fiber layer 1 are more uniform, and the same shape is convenient for processing and production, thereby further improving the production efficiency of the first carbon fiber layer 1.

[0067] In some embodiments, the first and second holes K1, K2 can be configured in a roughly hexagonal shape, forming a honeycomb structure, with the first carbon fiber layer 1 comprising a carbon fiber honeycomb sandwich. Due to the high tensile strength of carbon fiber materials, the integrated carbon fiber honeycomb structure offers enhanced durability and longevity. The hexagonal symmetry allows the honeycomb sandwich structure to exhibit similar mechanical properties in all directions, enabling it to evenly withstand directional loads. Each hexagonal hole evenly distributes forces from all directions, making the overall structure more robust and durable. Furthermore, the hexagonal arrangement allows for a greater number of holes per unit area, allowing for a denser arrangement. Compared to solid material of the same weight, the honeycomb structure offers greater strength and stiffness, saving material and reducing the weight of the overall fender structure 100. Furthermore, the density, size, and arrangement of the honeycomb structure can be adjusted based on the load transfer path, i.e., the stiffness and strength requirements of the various regions, to achieve optimal material placement. Furthermore, the honeycomb structure's hollow interior and regular arrangement also provide excellent sound insulation and noise reduction. Furthermore, the honeycomb structure can have varying thicknesses in different regions or locations to tailor the stiffness and strength requirements of the fender structure 100 to meet specific requirements, effectively allocating material. For example, the honeycomb structure in the first region can be thicker to meet the stiffness and strength requirements of the first region C1. Since the stiffness and strength requirements of the second region C2 are lower, the honeycomb structure in the second region C2 can be thinner to further reduce the weight of the fender structure 100. Furthermore, by varying the thickness of the honeycomb structure, the fender structure 100 can be designed into irregular shapes. For example, a curved surface can be created to better guide airflow, reduce air resistance during vehicle operation, and improve fuel efficiency and vehicle stability.

[0068] In the case where "the ratio of the second area J2 to the first area J1 is 1.5 to 2.5," for example, the ratio of the second area J2 to the first area J1 can be 1.5, 2, 2.5, etc. When the ratio of the second area J2 to the first area J1 is within the range of 1.5 to 2.5, the first holes K1 can be more densely formed in the first area C1 surrounding the installation area A, while the second holes K2 can be formed in the second area C2 at a lower density than in the first area C1, thereby effectively balancing the need for the first carbon fiber layer 1 to have a certain strength while achieving lightweighting of the first carbon fiber layer 1.

[0069] The above-mentioned "all first holes K1 have the same shape", "all second holes K2 have the same shape", "all first holes K1 and all second holes K2 have the same shape" and "the ratio of the second area J2 to the first area J1 is 1.5 to 2.5" can be arbitrarily combined and set according to actual conditions.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 2 , and combined with reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 for Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a top view of a second carbon fiber layer 2 in a fender structure 100 in some embodiments. The second carbon fiber layer 2 includes a substrate B having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other and a plurality of reinforcement layers Q.

[0071] The "substrate B" is composed of long-chain fiber bundles, each of which is arranged in a crystalline structure. The surface "reinforcement layer Q" is a protective layer made of materials such as carbide and ceramics. It can reduce the risk of damage to the carbon fiber substrate B from the external environment and enhance the strength of the overall second carbon fiber layer 2.

[0072] A plurality of reinforcement layers Q are provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface, and the reinforcement layers Q are all extended longitudinally.

[0073] It is understandable that multiple reinforcement layers Q can be arranged on the first surface, multiple reinforcement layers Q can be arranged on the second surface, and multiple reinforcement layers Q can be arranged on the first surface and the second surface. "Longitudinal length" reflects the characteristics along the length direction, while "extended arrangement" means that the layout or arrangement is continuous. Among them, the reinforcement layer Q can be a ply. The basic steps of the ply process are: first, the ply process uses prepreg materials, such as weftless cloth, weftless tape, woven fabric, etc., which are pre-impregnated with resin; then, according to a predetermined direction and sequence, these prepreg materials are laid layer by layer in the mold until the required thickness or number of layers is reached; then, after the laying is completed, the material is cured by heating and pressurizing; finally, the cured material needs to be demolded and trimmed to obtain the final product.

[0074] In this way, the provision of multiple reinforcement layers Q improves the strength and stiffness of the entire second carbon fiber layer 2 .

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 4 The reinforcement layer Q has a first end D1 and a second end D2 that are oppositely disposed along the longitudinal extension direction of the reinforcement layer Q. The direction from the first end D1 to the second end D2 is defined as the target direction, and the surface of the first surface and the second surface where the reinforcement layer Q is disposed is defined as the target surface. On the same target surface, the target directions corresponding to multiple reinforcement layers Q intersect with each other.

[0076] It can be understood that, on the same target surface, target directions corresponding to multiple enhancement layers Q intersect with each other, which means that any two of the multiple target directions corresponding to the multiple enhancement layers Q intersect with each other.

[0077] By arranging the reinforcement layer Q in different directions, the second carbon fiber layer 2 can be provided with strength and stiffness in multiple directions, balancing the external load, so that the second carbon fiber layer 2 exhibits better mechanical properties when subjected to loads in multiple directions.

[0078] In some embodiments of this application, reference may be made to Figure 4 The reinforcing layer Q has a stacking portion C between the first end D1 and the second end D2. In the same target surface, the stacking portions C of all reinforcing layers Q are stacked on the target surface.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 4 The stacking sections C are stacked one on top of the other on the target surface. Stacking refers to placing multiple stacking sections C one after another in a certain order, forming a stacked structure perpendicular to the target surface. This allows for a more regular arrangement of the reinforcement sections, making it easier to adjust the number of reinforcement layers Q in different target directions to meet different performance requirements.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 4 On the same target surface, all target directions include a first target direction Fm1, a second target direction Fm2, a third target direction Fm3, and a fourth target direction Fm4. The second target direction Fm2 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first target direction Fm1, the fourth target direction Fm4 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first target direction Fm1, and the fourth target direction Fm4 and the second target direction Fm2 are perpendicular to each other, and the third target direction Fm3 and the first target direction Fm1 are perpendicular to each other.

[0081] So, you can refer to Figure 4 The four directions roughly form a "M" shape on the target surface. Thus, the acute angle between two adjacent directions, whether clockwise or counterclockwise, is always 45 degrees. This achieves a more even distribution of the reinforcement layer Q, more evenly balancing the external loads in all directions.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present application, continue to refer to Figure 4 , define the reinforcing layer Q extending along the first target direction Fm1 as the first reinforcing layer P1, the reinforcing layer Q extending along the second target direction Fm2 as the second reinforcing layer P2, the reinforcing layer Q extending along the third target direction Fm3 as the third reinforcing layer P3, and the reinforcing layer Q extending along the fourth target direction Fm4 as the fourth reinforcing layer P4. The first target direction Fm1 is parallel to the longitudinal extension direction F4 of the substrate B.

[0083] Going further, you can refer to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 5 for Figure 4 The second carbon fiber layer 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first reinforcement layer P1 in some embodiments, Figure 6 for Figure 4 The second carbon fiber layer 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the third reinforcement layer P3 in some embodiments, Figure 7 for Figure 4 The second carbon fiber layer 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second reinforcement layer P2 in some embodiments, Figure 8 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth reinforcement layer P4 in some embodiments of the second carbon fiber layer 2. In some embodiments, each of the above reinforcement layers is a unidirectional fiberboard. The second carbon fiber layer can be made of unidirectional carbon fiber boards of different performance levels, different alignment directions, and different thicknesses based on the stiffness and strength requirements. "Unidirectional carbon fiber board" refers to a board made of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced material, characterized by the carbon fibers being arranged in a uniform direction.

[0084] Multiple reinforcement layers Q are arranged at different angles to reduce the effects of thermal stress and other factors on the structure of the second carbon fiber layer 2, thereby lowering the Poisson's ratio. "Poisson's ratio" refers to the ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain in the direction perpendicular to the applied force when a material is subjected to tension or compression. Transverse strain refers to the ratio of the change in length of a material perpendicular to the direction of tension or compression to its original length, while longitudinal strain refers to the ratio of the change in length of a material in the direction of tension or compression to its original length. During operation of the fender structure 100, the substrate B is subjected to the greatest force in the longitudinal extension direction F4 of the substrate B. This application improves the transverse load-bearing capacity of the substrate B by arranging more first reinforcement layers P1 in the first target direction Fm1. This minimizes the transverse load when the substrate B is subjected to loads in the longitudinal extension direction F4 of the substrate B. This reduces the contraction or tension deformation of the fender structure 100 in the transverse direction, i.e., the longitudinal extension direction F4 of the substrate B, thereby reducing the transverse strain and, consequently, the absolute value of the Poisson's ratio.

[0085] When the second carbon fiber layer 2 is subjected to force, the substrate B will stretch and compress in its longitudinal extension direction. Setting the first target extension direction parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the substrate B can further improve the bearing capacity of the second carbon fiber layer 2.

[0086] In some other embodiments, the substrate B may be roughly rectangular, and the outer contour of the target surface is a square. In this case, the substrate B has no clear longitudinal extension direction. In this case, the first target extension direction may be set to be parallel to a straight line on any side of the square.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present application, the portion of the reinforcement layer Q other than the laminated portion C is defined as a reinforcement portion; the ratio of the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the first reinforcement layer P1, the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the second reinforcement layer P2, the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the third reinforcement layer P3, and the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the fourth reinforcement layer P4 is 28:29:14:29.

[0088] When subjected to load, substrate B is susceptible to stretching and compression in its longitudinal extension direction. Through experiments, the inventors found that when the ratio of the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the first reinforcement layer P1 to the maximum thickness of the laminated portion C is 29%, the load-bearing capacity of substrate B in the longitudinal direction can be further improved. The provision of the third reinforcement layer P3 balances the load-bearing capacity of substrate B in the third target direction Fm3. While the load in the third target direction Fm3 is smaller than that in the first target direction Fm1, it still needs to withstand a certain load. The ratio of the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the first reinforcement layer P1 to the maximum thickness of the laminated portion C must be at least greater than 10%. Through experiments, the inventors found that when the ratio of the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion Q of the third reinforcement layer P3 to the maximum thickness of the laminated portion C is 14%, the load-bearing capacity of the entire second carbon fiber layer 2 can be further improved.

[0089] To enhance the deformation capacity of the second carbon fiber layer 2, one of the first and last reinforcement layers Q is the second reinforcement layer P2, and the other is the fourth reinforcement layer P4. This laying method ensures that the second carbon fiber layer 2 has similar tensile and compressive strengths in both the first target direction Fm1 and the third target direction Fm3, thereby reducing warping caused by stress concentration in a particular direction and thereby minimizing the risk of structural warping of the second carbon fiber layer 2 caused by tension-bending coupling.

[0090] The ratio of the number of the second reinforcement layer P2 to the number of all reinforcement layers and the ratio of the number of the fourth reinforcement layer P4 to the number of all reinforcement layers are both 29%.

[0091] The first reinforcement layer P1 or the third reinforcement layer P3 is laid between the second reinforcement layer P2 and the fourth reinforcement layer P4, that is, the first method is adopted, in which the second reinforcement layer P2, the third reinforcement layer P3, and the fourth reinforcement layer P4 are laid in sequence, or the second method is adopted, in which the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, and the fourth reinforcement layer P4 are laid in sequence, or the third method is adopted, in which the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the first reinforcement layer P1, and the second reinforcement layer P2 are laid in sequence, or the fourth method is adopted, in which the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the third reinforcement layer P3, and the second reinforcement layer P2 are laid in sequence.

[0092] To facilitate understanding of the structure of the second carbon fiber layer 2, the following briefly describes the laying order of the reinforcement layer Q in some embodiments. Figure 4Looking down from a direction perpendicular to the target surface, a plurality of reinforcement layers Q are provided on the target surface.

[0093] In some embodiments, the substrate B is placed on an operating table, and the laying process of multiple reinforcement layers Q is to first lay out the second reinforcement layer P2 along the second target direction Fm2 on the target surface of the substrate B, and then lay out the first reinforcement layer P1, the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the third reinforcement layer P3, the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1 and the fourth reinforcement layer P4 in sequence.

[0094] In some other embodiments, the substrate B is placed on an operating table, and the process of laying multiple reinforcement layers Q is to first lay out the fourth reinforcement layer P4 along the fourth target direction Fm4 on the target surface of the substrate B, and then lay out the first reinforcement layer P1, the second reinforcement layer P2, the third reinforcement layer P3, the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the first reinforcement layer P1 and the second reinforcement layer P2.

[0095] By laying the above two processes, the overall load-bearing capacity of the second carbon fiber layer 2 can be enhanced, while the weight of the second carbon fiber layer 2 can be moderated, thereby balancing the weight and load-bearing capacity requirements of the fender structure 100. Compared to continuously laying the second reinforcement layer P2 and then the fourth reinforcement layer P4, for example, first laying the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the first reinforcement layer P1, the fourth reinforcement layer P4, and then the second reinforcement layer P4, the third reinforcement layer P3, the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, the second reinforcement layer P2, the third reinforcement layer P3, the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, and the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the third reinforcement layer P3, the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, and the fourth reinforcement layer P4 can be laid in the order of the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, the fourth reinforcement layer P4, the third reinforcement layer P3, the second reinforcement layer P2, the first reinforcement layer P1, and the fourth reinforcement layer P4. This can make the distribution of the reinforcement layers Q in all directions more uniform, and the number of interlaced layers between two adjacent second reinforcement layers P2 and two adjacent fourth reinforcement layers P4 is greater, thereby effectively improving the bonding performance between the layers.

[0096] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 2 , and combined with reference Figure 9 , Figure 9 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the fender structure 100 at point b in FIG. The first carbon fiber layer 1 also includes a rounded region Y, a braided body BZ disposed within the rounded region Y, and a plurality of raised portions T disposed between the braided body BZ and the second carbon fiber layer 2. The braided body BZ is at least partially hollow. The rounded region Y is adjacent to the second region C2 and / or the first region C1.

[0097] It is understood that the "rounded region Y" refers to the region of the first carbon fiber layer 1 where the rounded portion is located. The rounded region Y is adjacent to the first region C1; and / or the rounded region Y is adjacent to the second region C2, including the first case where all boundaries of the rounded region Y are adjacent to the first region C1, the second case where all boundaries of the rounded region Y are adjacent to the second region C2, and the third case where a portion of the boundary of the rounded region Y is adjacent to the first region C1, and a portion of the smooth region Y is adjacent to the second region C2.

[0098] The "braided body BZ" refers to the skeleton of the braided structure. The braided body BZ is at least partially hollow, making the entire braided body BZ lighter. The protrusions T provided on the braided body BZ enable the braided body BZ to effectively resist external impacts.

[0099] The rounded area Y of the fender structure 100 is an area prone to stress concentration. The hollow characteristics of the woven body BZ and the setting of the raised portion T in this area can achieve lightweighting of the fender structure 100 while ensuring the local strength of the rounded area Y.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 9 The raised portion T has a first surface arranged along the raised direction of the raised portion T and away from the braided body BZ. The first surface is configured as a plane, and the plane where the first surface is located is perpendicular to the raised direction.

[0101] The first surface is flat, which is more convenient for processing and manufacturing. The first surface is flat, which makes it easier for the second carbon fiber layer 2 to be coated on the first surface.

[0102] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 9 All protrusions T form a plurality of protrusion units, each of which includes a plurality of protrusions T. Each protrusion unit includes two first sub-protrusions T1 spaced apart along the second direction F2 and two second sub-protrusions T2 spaced apart along the third direction F3. Each first sub-protrusion T1 has a first plane M1, and each second sub-protrusion T2 has a second plane M2. The first surface includes the first plane M1 and the second plane M2.

[0103] The shapes of the first plane M1 and the second plane M2 are both configured as isosceles triangles. The first axes of symmetry of the two first planes M1 are parallel to and coincide with the second direction F2. The two first sub-protrusions T1 are symmetrically arranged relative to the third direction F3. The second axes of symmetry of the two second planes M2 are parallel to and coincide with the third direction F3. The two second sub-protrusions T2 are symmetrically arranged relative to the second direction F2. The second direction F2, the third direction F3, and the protrusion direction are mutually perpendicular.

[0104] It can be understood that the configuration of an isosceles triangle includes the configuration of a right-angled isosceles triangle and the configuration of an equilateral triangle. Figure 4 The extension lines of the four waists of the isosceles triangles of the two first planes M1 can roughly form an X shape, which can effectively improve the oblique load-bearing capacity of the first carbon fiber layer 1. Similarly, the extension lines of the four waists of the isosceles triangles of the two second planes M2 can also roughly form an X shape, further improving the oblique load-bearing capacity of the first carbon fiber layer 1.

[0105] By making the two first symmetry axes of the two first planes M1 parallel to the second direction F2 and overlapping with each other, the two first sub-protrusions T1 are symmetrically arranged relative to the third direction F3, and the two second symmetry axes of the two second planes M2 are parallel to the third direction F3 and overlapping with each other, the two second sub-protrusions T2 are symmetrically arranged relative to the second direction F2, and the second direction F2, the third direction F3 and the protrusion direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0106] In this way, the first sub-protrusion portion T1 and the second sub-protrusion portion T2 of each protrusion unit are distributed more evenly, which saves layout space and facilitates large-scale deployment and expansion.

[0107] In some embodiments of this application, you can continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 9 , all the protrusion units are arranged in rows along the second direction F2 and in columns along the third direction F3.

[0108] The row and column arrangement makes the raised units more evenly distributed, resulting in a more uniform load-bearing capacity across the entire first carbon fiber layer 1. This helps reduce deformation of the entire first carbon fiber layer 1 structure when subjected to external forces, improving overall structural stability. Furthermore, the row and column arrangement facilitates automated and standardized manufacturing processes, improving production efficiency. This arrangement allows for a high-density layout and efficient use of space.

[0109] In addition, in some embodiments, reference may be made to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , Figure 10 for Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the fender structure 100 in another perspective, Figure 11 for Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of the fender structure 100 at HH in FIG. A reinforcing rib J may be arranged on the second carbon fiber layer 2 to further enhance the strength of the entire fender structure 100 .

[0110] Based on the same invention concept, you can refer to Figure 12 , Figure 12 for Figure 2The embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising the fender structure 100 and a mounting member AZ in any of the above embodiments, wherein the mounting member AZ is provided in the mounting area A.

[0111] In some embodiments, the fender structure 100 can be used on both sides of a commercial vehicle. The carbon fiber covering layer 1 on one side of the fender structure 100 is connected and fixed to the metal bracket of the body-in-white (BIW) using bolts and nuts, and adhesive is used to enhance the connection strength when necessary, forming a fender assembly.

[0112] The advantages of the above-mentioned fender structure 100 are also possessed by the vehicle, which will not be elaborated here.

[0113] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0114] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fender structure, characterized in that: comprising a first carbon fiber layer and a second carbon fiber layer coated on a surface of the first carbon fiber layer; The first carbon fiber layer includes a mounting area, a first area surrounding the mounting area, and a second area excluding the mounting area and the first area, the second area being adjacent to the first area; a thickness direction of the fender structure is defined as a first direction; a plurality of mutually unconnected first holes are formed in the first area along the first direction, and a plurality of mutually unconnected second holes are formed in the second area along the first direction; A plane perpendicular to the first direction is defined as a reference plane, an area of ​​an orthographic projection of the first hole on the reference plane is defined as a first area, and an area of ​​an orthographic projection of the second hole on the reference plane is defined as a second area; the first area is smaller than the second area; The number of the first holes per unit area of ​​the first region is greater than the number of the second holes per unit area of ​​the second region; The second carbon fiber layer includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; and a plurality of reinforcing layers provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface; the reinforcing layers are all provided to extend longitudinally; The reinforcing layer has a first end and a second end that are oppositely arranged along the longitudinal extension direction of the reinforcing layer; The direction from the first end to the second end is defined as a target direction, and the surface of the first surface and the second surface provided with the reinforcement layer is defined as a target surface; on the same target surface, target directions corresponding to multiple reinforcement layers intersect with each other. The reinforcement layer has a laminate portion located between the first end and the second end; In the same target surface, the stacked portions of all the reinforcement layers are stacked on the target surface; On the same target surface, all the target directions include a first target direction, a second target direction, a third target direction and a fourth target direction; The second target direction forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first target direction; the fourth target direction forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first target direction, and the fourth target direction and the second target direction are perpendicular to each other; the third target direction and the first target direction are perpendicular to each other; The reinforcing layer extending along the first target direction is defined as a first reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer extending along the second target direction is defined as a second reinforcing layer, the reinforcing layer extending along the third target direction is defined as a third reinforcing layer, and the reinforcing layer extending along the fourth target direction is defined as a fourth reinforcing layer. The substrate is longitudinally extended, and the first target direction is parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the substrate. The portion of the reinforcement layer other than the laminated portion is defined as a reinforcement portion; the ratio of the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the first reinforcement layer, the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the second reinforcement layer, the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the third reinforcement layer, and the maximum thickness of the reinforcement portion of the fourth reinforcement layer is 28:29:14:

29.

2. The fender structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: All of the first holes have the same shape; and / or All of the second holes have the same shape; and / or All the first holes and all the second holes have the same opening shape; and / or The ratio of the second area to the first area is 1.5 to 2.

5.

3. The fender structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first carbon fiber layer further includes a rounded area, the first carbon fiber layer further includes a woven body disposed in the rounded area and a plurality of raised portions disposed between the woven body and the second carbon fiber layer, the woven body being at least partially hollow; wherein the rounded area is adjacent to the first area; and / or The rounded area is adjacent to the second area.

4. The fender structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The raised portion has a first surface arranged along a raised direction of the raised portion and facing away from the braided main body. The first surface is configured as a plane, and the plane where the first surface is located is perpendicular to the raised direction.

5. The fender structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: All the protrusions constitute a plurality of protrusion units, and the protrusion units include a plurality of the protrusions; The protrusion unit includes two first sub-protrusions spaced apart along the second direction and two second sub-protrusions spaced apart along the third direction, each of the first sub-protrusions has a first plane, and each of the second sub-protrusions has a second plane; the shapes of the first plane and the second plane are both configured as an isosceles triangle; the first surface includes the first plane and the second plane; The two first symmetry axes of the two first planes are parallel to the second direction and coincide with each other, and the two first sub-protrusions are symmetrically arranged relative to the third direction; the two second symmetry axes of the two second planes are parallel to the third direction and coincide with each other, and the two second sub-protrusions are symmetrically arranged relative to the second direction; the second direction, the third direction and the protrusion direction are perpendicular to each other.

6. The fender structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: All the protrusion units are arranged in rows along the second direction and in columns along the third direction.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a mounting member and the fender structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mounting member is arranged in the mounting area.

Images