The invention relates to an underwater brushing detection robot, comprising a frame, a control system, an electric appliance sealed chamber, a walking mechanism, a brushing device, a propulsion device and a disease visual detection device, wherein the electric appliance sealed chamber, the walking mechanism, the brushing device, the propulsion device and the disease visual detection device are installed on the frame, the walking device comprises two walking units which are respectively installed on the two sides of the frame, the brushing device is installed on the bottom of the frame, the electric appliance sealed chamber is arranged in the frame, the control system is installed in the electric appliance sealed chamber, and the walking mechanism, the brushing device, the propulsion device and the disease visual detection device are respectively connected with the control system. The beneficial effects of the robot provided in the invention reside in that: the underwater robot can agilely and conveniently walk underwater, can clean the soft or hard impurities deposited on water conservancy facilities by a self-mounted brushing function, avoids leakage detection and false detection, and provides favorable guarantee of safety operation of the water conservancy facilities.