The invention discloses a deep mine environment monitoring robot system and a monitoring method, and belongs to the field of coal mine intelligent monitoring. The robot system comprises an environmentmonitoring robot, an environment monitoring robot remote workstation and a mining wireless communication network. The environment monitoring robot remote workstation is composed of a mining intrinsicsafety type computer, a displayer and an operation table, and the environment monitoring robot and the environment monitoring robot remote workstation communicate through a mining wireless communication network. The environment monitoring robot is of a wheel type intelligent trolley structure and is composed of a trolley frame, a main controller, a driving mechanism, a temperature and humidity sensor, a gas detection sensor, a laser radar, a TOF depth camera, an obstacle sensor, a deformation scanning mechanism, an RFID label and a ZigBee wireless data transmission module. According to the invention, a multi-sensor information fusion technology is utilized, the functions of autonomous positioning, autonomous obstacle avoidance, remote control, deformation monitoring and environmental parameter monitoring are integrated, the robot has the characteristics of small size, complete functions, flexible walking, simple operation and high automation degree, the cognition of a complex environment of a coal mine can be improved, and a guarantee is provided for efficient and safe production of the coal mine.