The invention discloses a rice stubble spring potato groove-expanding soil-hilling anti-frost cultivation method. The method includes: A), ridging, wherein a ridge face is 100cm in width, and a ridge furrow is 40cm in width; B), deepening a groove, namely timely deepening the groove after ridging, hoeing the ridge groove to be 25cm below a land face, carrying soil blocks into a ridge to form a soil ridge 30cm in width, and forming two seeding furrows 15cm in width and 13cm in depth together with a ridge-edge soil ridge; C), applying base fertilizer; D), seeding, namely seeding two rows for each ridge, wherein row spacing is 50cm, and plant spacing is 26cm; E), earthing, namely clearing the ridge furrow, leveling the ridge face and earthing to cover potato seedlings; F), filming, namely timely filming after seeding and earthing; G), preventing freezing; H), hilling, namely performing groove expanding and soil hilling when seedling height is about 20cm, wherein hilling elevation is 16-18cm higher than a land face; I), managing. By the method, full-land ploughing and caving are omitted, intertillage weeding times are reduced, seedling emergence time can be earlier about half a mouth due to covering a plastic film after seeding, the plastic film is uncovered after seedling emergence to cultivate strong seedlings through solarization and night exposure, and frost is prevented by covering a heat insulating material at the lowest temperature of 3 DEG C, so that stable and high yield of spring potatoes cultivated in rice stubble winter fallow land is realized.