The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and relates to a rehabilitation training system, in particular to an upper limb rehabilitation training system with active-passive modes. The technical scheme includes that the upper limb rehabilitation training system with the active-passive modes comprises a handle, a mechanical arm, a spindle, an encoder, a computer, a display, a motor, a clutch, a coupler, a belt pulley, a belt pulley shaft, a synchronous toothed belt and a rehabilitation device base. Compared with equipment in the past, the upper limb rehabilitation training system has the advantages that active acting force is provided for a patient needing rehabilitation, the mechanical arm can drive an arm of the patient to perform rehabilitation training in the active mode so as to achieve better rehabilitation training effects, and a threshold safety module is arranged inside the computer so that safety of the patient in rehabilitation training can be enhanced.