Floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for an offshore facility. The floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system comprises an outer-layer floating point passive protection system, an inner-layer floating linear passive protection system and a fixed facility, the fixed facility is arranged behind the inner-layer floating type linear passive protection system; the outer-layer floating type point passive protection system is arranged in front of the inner-layer floating type linear passive protection system; wherein the fixed facility is matched with the outer-layer floating type point passive protection system and the inner-layer floating type linear passive protection system. The device has the advantages that large and small ships are repelled and intercepted in far and near distances and large and small ranges respectively, so that the problem that the protection efficiency on the small ships such as fishing boats is relatively weak by virtue of an existing point passive protection system such as a single light buoy is solved; and the ship navigation safety of the engineering water area and the engineering safety are further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of marine traffic safety and relates to a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for marine facilities. Background Art

[0002] At present, floating point passive protection systems represented by light buoys are widely used in offshore wind farms, marine ranches, offshore platforms and other offshore buildings (structures) to prevent ships from intruding for safety protection. It is a mainstream traditional protection system suitable for offshore facilities.

[0003] With the rapid development of the marine economy, the number of offshore marine buildings (structures) is increasing, and the conflict between them and offshore ship activities is becoming more and more serious. The requirements of offshore buildings (structures) on the protection effectiveness of the protection system and the level of navigation security are becoming more and more stringent.

[0004] Most of the existing floating point passive protection systems are set up for large commercial ships. During the process, light buoys are used to guide ship traffic, so that ships actively stay away from specific waters. Due to comprehensive consideration of the rotation characteristics of light buoys and engineering economy, light buoys are mostly set up in large waters, and the spacing between them is usually large. The minimum navigable waters required for small ships are small. The interval between adjacent light buoys in traditional floating point passive protection systems is much larger than the minimum navigable waters required for small ships, and the guiding effect on small ships such as fishing boats is weak. The floating linear protection interception belt, as a linear continuous protection facility used in a small area of ​​water, can directly intercept intrusive targets through physical interception. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems existing in the prior art and to provide a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities, comprising an outer floating point passive protection system, an inner floating linear passive protection system and a fixing facility; the fixing facility is arranged behind the inner floating linear passive protection system; the outer floating point passive protection system is arranged in front of the inner floating linear passive protection system; wherein the fixing facility cooperates with the outer floating point passive protection system and the inner floating linear passive protection system.

[0008] Preferably, the outer floating point passive protection system is composed of a plurality of interconnected light buoy structural units, wherein adjacent light buoy structural units are arranged at equal distances on the sea surface.

[0009] Preferably, each of the light buoy structural units comprises a navigation light, a floating body, a first counterweight, a first top mark, a first mooring anchor chain, a first sinker, a passive radar reflector and an energy facility;

[0010] The floating body is fixedly provided with a first top mark, and a navigation light is provided on the first top mark; a rechargeable battery is provided in the floating body, and the energy facility is embedded in the floating body, and the rechargeable battery is connected with the energy facility and the navigation light respectively through a wire; the energy facility charges the rechargeable battery to ensure the normal operation of the navigation light;

[0011] A passive radar reflector is also provided on the floating body, wherein the passive radar reflector is used to enhance the radar reflection signal of the floating body; a first counterweight block is also provided at the bottom of the floating body, wherein the first counterweight block keeps the floating body in a vertical state at all times; first mooring anchor chains are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the floating body, wherein one end of the first mooring anchor chain is fixedly connected to the floating body, and the other end is respectively connected to a first sinker, wherein the first sinker is arranged on the seabed.

[0012] Preferably, the energy facility is a solar panel system.

[0013] Preferably, the inner floating linear passive protection system is composed of a plurality of floating linear interception system units, wherein each of the floating linear interception structure units comprises a polymer mooring buoy, a second top mark, a second mooring anchor chain, a second counterweight, a second sinker, a lifting buoy plastic buoy, and a horizontal anchor chain; the mooring buoy and the lifting cable buoy plastic buoy float on the sea surface respectively, and are arranged in plurality; wherein the plurality of mooring buoys are connected in series through the horizontal anchor chain; the plurality of lifting buoy plastic buoys are respectively installed on the horizontal anchor chain and are connected in series through the horizontal anchor chain;

[0014] The mooring buoys are arranged at both ends of the plastic floating body and are connected to the second sinker through the second mooring anchor chain; the second sinker is arranged on the seabed.

[0015] Preferably, a second top mark is provided on the mooring buoy, and a second counterweight is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the mooring buoy, and the second counterweight keeps the mooring buoy in a vertical state at all times.

[0016] Preferably, the number of the horizontal anchor chain and the second mooring anchor chain are both set to be multiple; wherein the horizontal anchor chain connects the mooring buoy and the buoyant plastic buoy in series.

[0017] Preferably, the mooring buoy is wrapped with yellow material and has a diameter of 2m-3m.

[0018] Preferably, the second top label is configured as a yellow X-shaped top label structure.

[0019] Preferably, the plastic float of the olive buoy is entirely in a striking yellow color.

[0020] Preferably, the diameter of the plastic float is 0.8m-1.2m, and the length is 1m-2m.

[0021] Preferably, the fixed facility is a building (structure) of an offshore wind farm, a marine ranch, or an offshore platform; wherein the inner floating linear passive protection system is arranged at a position of a small ship that is 3 times the target length of the fixed facility; and the outer floating point passive protection system is arranged at a position of a large ship that is 3 times the target length of the fixed facility.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention include:

[0023] The present invention introduces linear passive protection systems such as floating linear interception belts on the basis of existing floating point passive protection systems represented by light buoys, forming a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system; in the process, large and small ships can be driven away and intercepted at long and short distances and in large and small ranges, thereby compensating for the weak protection effect of existing point passive protection systems such as single light buoys on small ships such as fishing boats, and further ensuring the navigation safety of ships in the engineering waters and the safety of the engineering itself. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a component unit of an inner floating linear passive protection system (interception belt) of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a component unit of an outer floating point passive protection system (light buoy) of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of an embodiment of the navigation light, energy facilities and rechargeable battery of the present invention.

[0028] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0029] 1. Fixed facilities;

[0030] 2. Outer floating point passive protection system; 21. Navigation beacon light; 22. Floating body;

[0031] 23. First top mark; 24. First mooring anchor chain; 25. First sinker; 26. Passive radar reflector;

[0032] 27. first counterweight; 28. energy facility; 29. ​​rechargeable battery;

[0033] 3. Inner floating linear passive protection system; 31. Mooring buoy; 32. Second top mark;

[0034] 33. Second mooring anchor chain; 34. Second counterweight block; 35. Second sinker block;

[0035] 36. Plastic float for lifting the olive; 37. Horizontal anchor chain;

[0036] 4. Large ships; 5. Small ships. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to more clearly demonstrate the technical content of the present invention, it is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention adds a floating linear protection interception belt between the existing floating point passive protection system represented by the light buoy and the offshore building (structure), thereby constructing a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities; the floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities mainly includes:

[0039] A fixed facility 1, an outer floating point passive protection system 2 and an inner floating linear passive protection system 3; the fixed facility 1 is arranged behind the inner floating linear passive protection system 3; the outer floating point passive protection system 2 is arranged in front of the inner floating linear passive protection system 3; wherein, the fixed facility 1 and the outer floating point passive protection system 2 and the inner floating linear passive protection system 3 cooperate with each other, such as: the outer floating point passive protection system 2 and the inner floating linear passive protection system 3 formed on the periphery of the fixed facility 1 (building) can effectively prevent large and small ships from mistakenly entering from both psychological and physical levels, and ensure the navigation safety of ships in the engineering waters and the safety of the engineering itself.

[0040] In this embodiment, the fixed facility 1 is selected from offshore wind farms, marine ranches, offshore platforms and other offshore structures; according to the "Regulations on Aids to Navigation for Underwater Structures in China's Seas" (GB17380-2020), "offshore structures in the sea area" is defined as permanent or temporary structures with fixed positions set up in the water of the sea area. Such as drilling platforms, offshore wind farms, independent wind turbine generators, wind towers and meteorological masts, platforms for collecting marine hydrological data, etc.; specifically, assuming that there is a fixed facility in a certain sea area, the ships active in the nearby waters are mainly large ships 4 with a length of D and small ships 5 with a length of d.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the arrangement scheme of the outer floating point passive protection system 2 is as follows: a plurality of light buoy structural units are arranged at a position 3 times the target ship length (i.e. 3D) away from the fixed facilities, thereby forming an outer floating point passive protection system; adjacent light buoy structural units are arranged at equal distances on the sea surface, and the spacing between adjacent light buoys can be determined according to relevant specifications such as the "Guidelines for the Distribution of Floating Aids to Navigation in Sea Areas" (GB T26781-2011) and actual engineering conditions, and generally does not exceed 2 nautical miles.

[0042] Each light buoy structural unit includes a navigation light 21 (with Beidou telemetry function) with a range of not less than 3 nautical miles, a float 22 with a diameter of 1.8m or 2.4m (the float is made of stainless steel or polymer material and is yellow in color), a yellow X-shaped first top mark 23, a first mooring anchor chain 24 with a diameter of 38mm, a first sinker 25 made of 5t cast iron or concrete, and a passive radar reflector 26 (with a reflection area of ​​not less than 35m 2 ), a first counterweight 27 and an energy facility 28;

[0043] A first top mark 23 is fixedly arranged on the floating body, and a navigation light 21 (with Beidou telemetry function) is arranged on the first top mark 23; in order to ensure the normal operation of the navigation light 21, a rechargeable battery 29 is arranged in the floating body 22, such as Figure 4 As shown, the rechargeable battery 29 is used to provide sufficient electrical energy to the navigation light 21; at the same time, in order to ensure the sustainability of the rechargeable battery 29; further, in order to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, an energy facility 28 is embedded on the floating body, and the energy facility 28 is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery 29 through a wire; in this embodiment, the energy facility 28 can be a solar panel or other new energy device with its own energy conversion system (such as a photovoltaic inverter system); wherein the energy facility 28 can charge the rechargeable battery to ensure the normal operation of the navigation light; in this embodiment, its energy facilities are all mature technologies in the existing new energy field, and its structural principles are not elaborated here.

[0044] A passive radar reflector 26 is also provided on the buoy 22, wherein the passive radar reflector 26 is used to enhance the radar reflection signal of the buoy by increasing the radar reflection area of ​​the buoy, so as to facilitate the ship to identify the buoy through radar; a first counterweight block 27 is also provided at the bottom of the buoy 22, wherein the first counterweight block 27 keeps the buoy in a vertical state at all times; first mooring anchor chains 24 are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the buoy 27, one end of the first mooring anchor chain 24 is fixedly connected to the buoy, and the other end is respectively connected to the first sinker 25, wherein the first sinker 25 is set on the seabed, and the first sinker 25 is mainly used to fix the first mooring anchor chain 24 and the buoy 22, and in this example, the gravity of the first sinker 25 is much greater than the buoyancy of seawater.

[0045] In this embodiment, the setting of the outer floating point passive protection system 2 can warn and guide large ships such as merchant ships at a long distance through the navigation aid function of the light buoy, preventing such ships from entering the waters of offshore buildings (structures), thereby achieving the removal of large ships.

[0046] like Figure 2 As described above, in this embodiment, the setting scheme of the inner floating linear passive protection system 3 is as follows: a floating linear protection interception belt is set at a position 3 times the target ship length (i.e. 3d) away from the fixed facilities, thereby forming an inner floating linear passive protection system; wherein, the inner floating linear passive protection system 3 includes a plurality of floating linear interception system units, and the floating linear interception system unit is mainly composed of moored buoys at both ends fastened to about 25 floating plastic buoys through horizontal anchor chains, and its effective interception length is about 500m linear interception unit, and a plurality of floating linear interception system units can be built according to the structure and length of the building to form an interception belt.

[0047] In this embodiment, each floating linear interception structure unit includes a polymer mooring buoy 31, a second top mark 32, a second mooring anchor chain 33, a second counterweight block 34, a second sinker 35, a lifting buoy plastic buoy 36, and a horizontal anchor chain 37; the mooring buoy 31 and the lifting buoy plastic buoy 36 float on the sea surface respectively; wherein the mooring buoy 31 is connected in series through the horizontal anchor chain 37; a plurality of lifting buoy plastic buoys 36 are respectively installed on the horizontal anchor chain 37, and the mooring buoy 31 and the lifting buoy are connected through the horizontal anchor chain 37. The floating plastic buoys 36 are connected in series; a plurality of second sinkers 35 are also connected at both ends of the mooring buoy 31, and the second sinkers 35 are arranged on the seabed and fixedly connected to the mooring buoy 31 through the second mooring anchor chain 33; the mooring buoy 31, the floating plastic buoy 36, the horizontal anchor chain 37 and the second mooring anchor chain 33 can be fixed on the sea surface through the second sinkers 35, and a continuous physical interception facility is formed, thereby effectively preventing ships from mistakenly entering and ensuring the navigation safety of ships in the project waters and the safety of the project itself.

[0048] In this embodiment, the mooring buoy 31, the lifting buoy plastic float 36, the horizontal anchor chain 37 and the second mooring anchor chain 33 are all provided in plurality, and their quantity can be configured according to the water depth conditions of the engineering waters, so as to meet the use in various engineering waters scenarios.

[0049] In this embodiment, a second top mark 32 is arranged on the mooring buoy 31, and a second counterweight 34 is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the mooring buoy 31, and the second counterweight 34 keeps the mooring buoy 31 in a vertical state at all times; wherein, the mooring buoy 31 is wrapped in yellow, and its diameter is 2m-3m; the second top mark 32 is arranged in a yellow X-shaped top mark structure as a whole; the second mooring anchor chain 33 adopts an anchor chain body with a diameter of 38mm, and the second sinker 35 can select 5t cast iron or concrete sinker + 1t steel sinker.

[0050] In the present embodiment, the plastic float 36 of the olive buoy is entirely in a striking yellow color; wherein, the diameter of the plastic float 36 of the olive buoy is 0.8m-1.2m, and the length is 1m-2m.

[0051] In this embodiment, the inner floating linear passive protection system 3 can combine its structural units according to the characteristics of the water area and the actual needs of the project, warn and deter small ships at a close distance, prevent ships from actively colliding and crossing the barrier, thereby achieving interception of small ships.

[0052] It should be noted that: on the basis of the existing floating point passive protection system represented by the light buoy, the present invention introduces a linear passive protection system such as a floating linear interception belt, thereby forming a floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system; during which large and small ships are driven away and intercepted at long and short distances and in large and small ranges, respectively, thereby making up for the problem that the existing point passive protection system relying on a single light buoy and other systems has a weak protection effect on small ships such as fishing boats, and through the effective application combination of the two, a double insurance is formed for the protection safety of offshore buildings (structures), the probability of accidents of offshore buildings (structures) is reduced, and the navigation safety of ships in the engineering waters and the safety of the engineering itself are further guaranteed; in addition, the yellow color of the "yellow material", "yellow X-shaped top mark" and "yellow eye-catching color" selected by the present invention are all based on industry specifications, and the yellow "X"-shaped top mark can represent special signs such as offshore operating areas or underwater structures. Special signs are signs used to indicate specific waters or water characteristics, see the specification "Water Aids to Navigation in Chinese Sea Areas" (GB 4696-2016), which regulates the "Regulations on the Shape Display of Aids to Navigation in Waters of China's Sea Areas" and stipulates the size of the top mark.

[0053] The above-mentioned related explanations and descriptions of the embodiments are for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those familiar with the art can easily make various modifications to these contents and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned related explanations and descriptions of the embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating point-line double-layer enhanced passive protection system for offshore facilities, characterized in that: It includes an outer floating point passive protection system, an inner floating linear passive protection system and fixing facilities; the fixing facilities are arranged behind the inner floating linear passive protection system; the outer floating point passive protection system is arranged in front of the inner floating linear passive protection system; wherein the fixing facilities cooperate with the outer floating point passive protection system and the inner floating linear passive protection system.

2. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer floating point passive protection system is composed of a plurality of light buoy structural units connected to each other, wherein adjacent light buoy structural units are arranged on the sea surface at equal distances.

3. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each of the light buoy structural units includes a navigation light, a floating body, a first counterweight, a first top mark, a first mooring anchor chain, a first sinker, a passive radar reflector and an energy facility; The floating body is fixedly provided with a first top mark, and a navigation light is provided on the first top mark; a rechargeable battery is provided in the floating body, and the energy facility is embedded in the floating body, and the rechargeable battery is connected with the energy facility and the navigation light respectively through a wire; the energy facility charges the rechargeable battery to ensure the normal operation of the navigation light; A passive radar reflector is also provided on the floating body, wherein the passive radar reflector is used to enhance the radar reflection signal of the floating body; A first counterweight is also provided at the bottom of the floating body, wherein the first counterweight keeps the floating body in a vertical state at all times; First mooring anchor chains are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom of the floating body, one end of the first mooring anchor chain is fixedly connected to the floating body, and the other end is respectively connected to a first sinker, wherein the first sinker is arranged on the seabed.

4. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The energy facility is a solar panel system.

5. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner floating linear passive protection system is composed of multiple floating linear interception system units. Each of the floating linear interception structural units comprises a polymer mooring buoy, a second top mark, a second mooring anchor chain, a second counterweight, a second sinker, a lifting buoy plastic float, and a horizontal anchor chain; the mooring buoy and the lifting cable buoy plastic float float on the sea surface respectively, and are arranged in plurality; wherein the plurality of mooring buoys are connected in series through the horizontal anchor chain; the plurality of lifting buoy plastic floats are respectively installed on the horizontal anchor chain and are connected in series through the horizontal anchor chain; The mooring buoys are arranged at both ends of the plastic floating body and are connected to the second sinker through the second mooring anchor chain; the second sinker is arranged on the seabed.

6. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mooring buoy is provided with a second top mark, and the bottom surface of the mooring buoy is fixedly provided with a second counterweight block, and the second counterweight block keeps the mooring buoy in a vertical state at all times.

7. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the horizontal anchor chain and the second mooring anchor chain are both set to be multiple; wherein the horizontal anchor chain connects the mooring buoy and the buoyant plastic buoy in series.

8. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The mooring buoy is wrapped with yellow material and has a diameter of 2m-3m; preferably, the second top mark is arranged in a yellow X-shaped top mark structure as a whole.

9. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 5, characterized in that: The plastic float of the olive buoy is entirely in a striking yellow color; preferably, the diameter of the plastic float of the olive buoy is 0.8m-1.2m, and the length is 1m-2m.

10. The floating point-line double-layer reinforced passive protection system for offshore facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed facilities are buildings of offshore wind farms, marine ranches, or offshore platforms; Wherein, the inner floating linear passive protection system is arranged at a position of a small ship 3 times the target ship length away from the fixed facility; The outer floating point passive protection system is arranged at a position of a large ship which is three times the target ship length away from the fixed facility.

Images