Compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound fertilizer for planting peanuts in a greenhouse and a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of mushroom bran, 30-40 parts of livestock manure, 20-30 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-20 parts of moutan bark, 0.003-0.005 part of phytase, 10-15 parts of modified zeolite, 0.8-1.5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3-5 parts of calcium superphosphate. According to the compound fertilizer, effective components of the mushroom bran, the fruit and vegetable waste and the moutan bark are fully extracted and utilized through a specific fermentation technology, meanwhile, the slow release performance of the compound fertilizer is improved through the modified zeolite, the obtained fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrient and easy to absorb by peanuts, the average weight, the full fruit rate and the acre yield of the peanuts can be remarkably increased, and the yield of the peanuts is increased. Meanwhile, the soil structure can be improved, the soil hardening phenomenon is reduced, and the economic benefits of peanut planters are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting. Background Art

[0002] There are many problems in greenhouse cultivation, mainly concentrated in climate control, pest control, soil depletion, water resource utilization and fertilizer and pesticide residues. It is difficult to control the climate in the greenhouse environment, and it is easily affected by factors such as external temperature and humidity, which will affect the growth and development of crops in the greenhouse. Due to the strong closed environment in the greenhouse, pests and diseases can easily spread rapidly in the greenhouse, making pest control difficult. Long-term crop cultivation in the greenhouse will cause the nutrients in the soil to lose balance, resulting in serious soil loss and affecting the quality of crop growth.

[0003] Currently, peanuts are only planted in spring and autumn. As an important economic crop, peanuts have high requirements for soil and fertilizer. Traditional fertilizers are prone to soil compaction and nutrient imbalance during continuous planting, affecting the yield and quality of peanuts. Therefore, the development of a compound fertilizer that can provide comprehensive nutrients and improve soil structure is of great significance for peanut planting. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems of soil compaction and nutrient imbalance in the peanut planting process in the prior art, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting, which aims to improve fertilizer utilization, increase peanut yield, and improve soil structure.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0006] 40-50 parts of mushroom bran, 30-40 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 20-30 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-20 parts of peony bark, 0.003-0.005 parts of phytase, 10-15 parts of modified zeolite, 0.8-1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1-3 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3-5 parts of superphosphate.

[0007] Preferably, the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 40-45 parts of mushroom bran, 30-35 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 20-25 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-15 parts of peony bark, 0.003-0.004 parts of phytase, 10-12 parts of modified zeolite, 0.8-1.2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1-2 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3-4 parts of superphosphate.

[0009] In the present invention, mushroom chaff, livestock excrement and fruit and vegetable waste are used as organic fertilizers, which contain rich organic matter and multiple nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). After fermentation treatment, peanuts can be provided with comprehensive nutrient supply, while promoting soil microbial activity, improving soil structure, and increasing soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. These organic fertilizers can also release plant growth hormones during decomposition, stimulate the development of peanut root system, and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate provide phosphorus and nitrogen elements required for peanuts, while superphosphate provides phosphorus and calcium. These elements are key nutrient elements for peanut growth, phosphorus can promote the growth and flower bud differentiation of peanut root system, nitrogen is an important component of peanut protein synthesis and chlorophyll formation, potassium contributes to the robustness of peanut stalks and the improvement of fruit quality, these inorganic fertilizers are rich in phosphorus, nitrogen and other elements, can quickly supplement the available nutrients in the soil, and can be used in conjunction with organic fertilizers to balance the nutrient structure of the soil and meet the needs of peanuts at different growth stages. Phytase can decompose phytic acid in the soil, convert it into a form that can be absorbed and utilized by peanuts, release phosphorus and trace elements chelated by phytic acid, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, promote the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by peanuts, and promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms, thereby enhancing the biological activity of the soil. Modified zeolite can adsorb and slowly release nutrients from fertilizers, reduce nutrient loss, and its porous structure can improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, providing a good growth environment for the peanut root system. Peony bark contains a variety of trace elements, such as zinc, iron, copper, etc. These trace elements play an important role in the growth and development of peanuts and improving stress resistance. The synergistic effect of the above-mentioned multiple raw materials can improve the root vitality of peanuts, promote nutrient absorption and transport, and enhance the resistance of peanuts to diseases and insect pests, thereby increasing the yield and quality of peanuts, while improving the soil environment and achieving sustainable development of agriculture.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified zeolite comprises the following steps: calcining clinoptilolite at 200-400°C for 1-2h, crushing it, immersing it in a NaCl solution, rinsing it with water, and drying it to constant weight to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0011] Preferably, the concentration of the NaCl solution is 0.6-0.8 mol / L; when impregnated with the NaCl solution, the solid-liquid ratio is 1 g: 2 mL.

[0012] The special pore structure and chemical structure give zeolite excellent properties such as ion exchange, selective adsorption, and catalysis. However, since the pore size and channels of natural zeolite are easily blocked and the degree of interconnection is also poor, the pore size of natural zeolite is small and the adsorption capacity often does not meet the requirements. In order to further enhance the adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity of zeolite, the present invention calcines and modifies the clinoptilolite, which can remove organic matter in the pores and channels of the clinoptilolite, and at a calcination temperature of 200-400°C, the adsorption capacity of the modified zeolite for N, P, and K can be improved; after calcination, it is impregnated with a NaCl solution, and Na + It can replace the cations in clinoptilolite, increase the pore volume, make the pores more obvious, thus reducing the steric hindrance and increasing the ion exchange capacity. + The adsorption and desorption experiments showed that the modified zeolite has stronger nitrogen retention capacity and higher nitrogen supply capacity than the original zeolite, which further improves the activity of the zeolite. The present invention adds modified clinoptilolite when preparing compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting, which can reduce the loss of NH3 and trigger ammonia nitrogen to form NH4 + and NO3 - , improve the utilization rate of nitrogen in the compound fertilizer. The addition of modified zeolite also makes the compound fertilizer of the present invention have a good slow-release effect. After the fertilizer is applied, no topdressing treatment is required during the growth stage of peanuts.

[0013] Preferably, the livestock manure is composted livestock manure.

[0014] More preferably, the method for preparing the livestock manure is: mixing cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, adding Bacillus subtilis, and fermenting at 30-37° C. for 3-5 days to obtain the livestock manure after the fermentation is completed.

[0015] Preferably, the weight ratio of the cow dung, sheep dung and chicken dung is (2-3):(1-3):1.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Accurately weigh each raw material by weight, mix mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark, control the water content to 50-60%, add Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ferment at 30-35°C for 3-5 days, and after the fermentation is completed, mix the fermented product with poultry and livestock manure, phytase, modified zeolite, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate to obtain the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut cultivation.

[0018] The composite fertilizer of the present invention fully extracts and utilizes the effective components of mushroom dregs, fruit and vegetable wastes and peony bark through a specific fermentation process, and at the same time utilizes modified zeolite to improve the slow-release performance of the composite fertilizer. The obtained fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients and is easily absorbed by peanuts, which can significantly increase the average weight, full fruit rate and per mu yield of peanuts, and at the same time can improve the soil structure, reduce soil compaction, and improve the economic benefits of peanut growers.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] (1) Because the nitrogen fixation ability of rhizobia in peanuts is weak in the early stage, and the fruit needles have already entered the soil in the middle and late stages, it is difficult to apply fertilizer. Therefore, in the planting stage of peanuts, in addition to applying sufficient basal fertilizer, topdressing is also required. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer that can meet the nutrient requirements of peanuts throughout the entire growth period. The compound fertilizer of the present invention can provide a variety of nutrients for the growth and development of peanuts, and can also provide a carbon source for rhizobia and various microorganisms. The compound fertilizer of the present invention contains an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, which can promote the growth of peanut seedlings and the formation of rhizobia. After composting, it can not only reduce the application amount, but also improve the utilization rate, which is 60-80% higher than that of direct application. The compound fertilizer provided by the present invention has comprehensive nutrients and is easily absorbed by peanuts, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0021] (2) By adding modified zeolite, the composite fertilizer of the present invention has a slow-release property, thereby extending the fertilizer effect period.

[0022] (3) Long-term use of the compound fertilizer of the present invention can improve soil structure, reduce soil compaction, and increase soil fertility.

[0023] (4) The use of the compound fertilizer of the present invention can increase the average weight, full fruit rate and per mu yield of peanuts, thereby increasing the economic benefits of growers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0026] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0027] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0028] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "parts" are all based on parts by weight.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, the mushroom bran comes from a certain edible fungus planting base, and the crude protein content in the mushroom bran is 6% to 8%; the crude fiber content is about 50%, the lignin content is about 30%, the total nitrogen content is about 1.95%, the total phosphorus content is about 1.40%, the total potassium content is about 1.73%, the organic matter content is about 62.1%, and it also contains various trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium and copper.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present invention, Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Shandong Xinfuwo Bioengineering Co., Ltd., with an effective substance content of 20 billion (%); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an effective substance content of 10 billion CUF / g.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Accurately weigh the following components by weight: 45 parts of mushroom bran, 35 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 25 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 15 parts of peony bark, 0.004 parts of phytase, 12 parts of modified zeolite, 1.2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate and 4 parts of superphosphate.

[0035] The method for preparing livestock manure is as follows: cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 3:3:1, the water content is controlled to be 65±2%, Bacillus subtilis is added (the inoculation amount is 0.2wt% of the total weight of livestock manure), and the mixture is fermented at 35±2°C for 5 days to obtain livestock manure after the fermentation is completed.

[0036] The preparation method of the modified zeolite is as follows: calcining clinoptilolite at 300°C for 1.5h, crushing it through a 60-mesh sieve, immersing it in a 0.7mol / L NaCl solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:2mL, rinsing it with water, and drying it to constant weight to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0037] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting is as follows: after accurately weighing the above raw materials by weight, mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark are mixed, the water content is controlled to be 55±2%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added (the inoculation amount is 0.2wt% of the total weight of mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark), and fermented at 30°C for 4 days. After the fermentation is completed, the fermented product is evenly mixed with poultry and livestock manure, phytase, modified zeolite, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate to obtain the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Accurately weigh the following components by weight: 40 parts of mushroom bran, 40 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 20 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 20 parts of peony bark, 0.003 parts of phytase, 10 parts of modified zeolite, 1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3 parts of superphosphate.

[0040] The preparation method of livestock manure is as follows: cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1:1, the water content is controlled to be 62±2%, Bacillus subtilis is added (the inoculation amount is 0.2wt% of the total weight of livestock manure), and fermented at 32±2°C for 3 days to obtain livestock manure after the fermentation is completed.

[0041] The preparation method of the modified zeolite is as follows: calcining clinoptilolite at 200°C for 2h, crushing it through a 60-mesh sieve, immersing it in a 0.8 mol / L NaCl solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:2mL, rinsing it with water, and drying it to constant weight to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0042] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting is as follows: after accurately weighing the above raw materials by weight, mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark are mixed, the water content is controlled to be 52±2%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (the inoculation amount is 0.2wt% of the total weight of mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark), fermented at 35°C for 3 days, and after the fermentation is completed, the fermented product is evenly mixed with poultry and livestock manure, phytase, modified zeolite, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate to obtain the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] Accurately weigh the following components by weight: 50 parts of mushroom bran, 30 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 30 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 10 parts of peony bark, 0.005 parts of phytase, 15 parts of modified zeolite, 0.8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1 part of ammonium sulfate and 5 parts of superphosphate.

[0045] The method for preparing livestock manure is as follows: cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 2:2:1, the water content is controlled to be 68±2%, Bacillus subtilis is added (the inoculation amount is 0.2wt% of the total weight of livestock manure), and the mixture is fermented at 35±2°C for 5 days to obtain livestock manure after the fermentation is completed.

[0046] The preparation method of the modified zeolite is as follows: calcining clinoptilolite at 400°C for 1 hour, crushing it through a 60-mesh sieve, immersing it in a 0.6 mol / L NaCl solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:2 mL, rinsing it with water, and drying it to constant weight to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0047] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting is as follows: after accurately weighing the above raw materials by weight, mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark are mixed, the water content is controlled to be 58±2%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added (the inoculation amount is 0.2wt% of the total weight of mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark), and fermented at 33°C for 4 days. After the fermentation is completed, the fermented product is evenly mixed with poultry and livestock manure, phytase, modified zeolite, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate to obtain the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] The same as Example 1, except that the modified zeolite is replaced by clinoptilolite which has not been subjected to any modification treatment.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] The same as Example 1, except that the preparation method of the modified zeolite is as follows: clinoptilolite is calcined at 300° C. for 1.5 h, crushed through a 60-mesh sieve, and dried to constant weight to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] Same as Example 1, except that phytase and Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews were not added.

[0054] According to the national standard "Slow-release Fertilizer" (GB / T 23348-2009), the initial nutrient release rate of slow-release fertilizers soaked in 25°C still water for 24 hours needs to be less than 15%, and the cumulative nutrient release rate after 28 days needs to be less than 80%. The nutrient release rates of the compound fertilizers prepared in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057] It can be seen from Table 1 that the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is a slow-release fertilizer and has a good slow-release effect.

[0058] In 2022-2023, the compound fertilizer prepared by the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples was applied in a county in Cixi City, Zhejiang Province (three repetitions were set for each group, and the average value was taken). 50kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu of land, and the method of direct seeding was adopted. After the soil was plowed and leveled, a sowing furrow was opened, and 2-3 grains were sown per hole, with a furrow depth of about 5cm, an average row spacing of about 40cm, and a hole spacing of about 20cm. About 9,000 holes were planted per mu, and 17,000-20,000 plants were basically preserved per mu. Before sowing, it should be ensured that the soil moisture is sufficient and the soil temperature is suitable. Sowing (early-maturing Shandong Hongpao series variety Da Si Li Hong) was carried out at the end of September 2022. It was followed by peanut planting field management in the greenhouse, and no topdressing treatment was required. The peanut growth period was generally 110-120d (days), and fresh fruit could be harvested and listed during the Spring Festival. The peanut growth situation of the compound fertilizer prepared by the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples is shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Note: The control group in Table 2 is a commercially available triple compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N, P, K is 1:1:1); "%" represents the percentage of diseased peanuts to the total number of peanuts; the full pod rate refers to the percentage of mature pods with full seeds to the total number of pods; organic matter refers to the organic matter content in the soil.

[0063] It can be seen from Table 2 that after applying the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut cultivation of the present invention, the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil are improved, providing a good growth environment for the peanut root system, contributing to the robustness of the peanut stalks and the improvement of the fruit quality, while improving the stress resistance of peanuts, and reducing the occurrence of peanut diseases without adding additional pesticides.

[0064] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting, characterized in that: According to parts by weight, it includes the following components: 40-50 parts of mushroom bran, 30-40 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 20-30 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-20 parts of peony bark, 0.003-0.005 parts of phytase, 10-15 parts of modified zeolite, 0.8-1.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1-3 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3-5 parts of superphosphate.

2. The compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to parts by weight, it includes the following components: 40-45 parts of mushroom bran, 30-35 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 20-25 parts of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-15 parts of peony bark, 0.003-0.004 parts of phytase, 10-12 parts of modified zeolite, 0.8-1.2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1-2 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3-4 parts of superphosphate.

3. The compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified zeolite, The method comprises the following steps: calcining clinoptilolite at 200-400°C for 1-2h, crushing the zeolite, immersing the zeolite in a NaCl solution, washing the zeolite with water, and drying the zeolite to a constant weight to obtain the modified zeolite.

4. The compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The concentration of the NaCl solution is 0.6-0.8 mol / L; when impregnated with the NaCl solution, the solid-liquid ratio is 1 g: 2 mL.

5. The compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The livestock excrement is composted livestock excrement.

6. The compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing the livestock manure comprises: mixing cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, adding Bacillus subtilis, and fermenting at 30-37° C. for 3-5 days, and obtaining the livestock manure after the fermentation is completed.

7. The compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the cow dung, sheep dung and chicken dung is (2-3):(1-3):

1.

8. A method for preparing the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut planting according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Accurately weigh each raw material by weight, mix mushroom bran, fruit and vegetable waste and peony bark, control the water content to 50-60%, add Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ferment at 30-35°C for 3-5 days, and after the fermentation is completed, mix the fermented product with poultry and livestock manure, phytase, modified zeolite, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate to obtain the compound fertilizer for greenhouse peanut cultivation.

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