Paste modification method for painting and calligraphy mounting

Abstract

The invention discloses a modification method of paste for painting and calligraphy mounting, and belongs to the technical field of painting and calligraphy mounting. According to the modification method, the paste and the waterborne epoxy resin are compounded and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The obtained modified paste has the effects of absorbing moisture, plasticizing, softening calligraphy and painting mounting pieces, improving strength, delaying aging and the like when being used for calligraphy and painting mounting, and has wide practical application value in the fields of calligraphy and painting mounting and repairing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of calligraphy and painting mounting, and particularly relates to a paste modification method for calligraphy and painting mounting. Background Art

[0002] Throughout the brilliant history and culture of our country, Chinese painting and calligraphy, as a treasure of world art, has never been interrupted in its development. The National Museum of China alone has nearly 10,000 pieces of ancient calligraphy and painting masterpieces, and modern Chinese painting and calligraphy are even more flourishing. Due to the fragility of paper materials, people protect and decorate the painting by gluing paper on the back of the painting and inlaying silk materials around it, which is called painting and calligraphy mounting. In the traditional painting and calligraphy mounting process, paste is the most commonly used bonding material, mainly because of its wide source of raw materials, simple production method, and excellent bonding properties, which allows the mounted painting and calligraphy works to be unmounted and remounted after a long time, achieving the effect of reversible mounting and restoration.

[0003] However, the hardness and brittleness of the paste is the main reason why the mounted calligraphy and painting become hard and brittle or even break after long-term storage. The raw materials of the paste are mainly taken from wheat flour. The paste made directly from wheat flour is called flour paste, also known as "noodle paste"; and the paste made from wheat starch after washing and removing the gluten is called starch paste, also known as "powder paste". Among them, the preparation process of "powder paste" is also divided into the slurry method and the boiling method. "Powder paste" is often used in the mounting of new paintings, while "noodle paste" is mostly used in the repair of traditional old calligraphy and painting. The preparation process of the paste is essentially the gelatinization process of starch. In the process of making wheat starch into paste, the starch granules are broken by heat, and a large number of hydroxyl groups at the C2, C3 and C6 positions of the glucose units are exposed, making it have high adhesion properties. The paste mainly interacts with the paper fibers through hydrogen bonds to produce adhesion, which is the main reason why the mounted calligraphy and painting have good adhesion and reversible repair. In the early storage of the mounted calligraphy and painting, both the paste and the paper have good water absorption and water retention, which can ensure that the mounted calligraphy and painting have good flexibility. However, with the changes in the natural environment, especially the significant changes in temperature and humidity, the water in the paste and paper gradually disappears, and the starch particles in the paste spontaneously recrystallize, which together lead to an increase in the rigidity of the paste. The mounted calligraphy and paintings show macroscopic characteristics such as unevenness, deformation and brittleness. In addition, the mounted calligraphy and paintings are mostly stored in the form of scrolls, which are more prone to wrinkles, folds, breaks and other defects of varying degrees due to the existence of stress concentration.

[0004] In response to the above problems, as early as in ancient times, alum was added to the paste to achieve the purpose of antibacterial, antiseptic and insect-proofing of paper (Journal of the Palace Museum, 2009, 06:140-144+161), and it can also prevent the shrinkage and deformation of the mounted pieces (Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeological Science, 2017, 02:38-44). However, alum is acidic when dissolved in water, which will accelerate the acidification and degradation of paper (Guangdong Provincial Museum, 2013, 01:154-156). In recent years, plasticizers have been used to improve the flexibility of polymer materials and make them soft. Common plasticizers include glycerol, nanocellulose, urea, formamide, etc. Taking glycerol as an example, it can increase the elongation of starch gel materials, but it will reduce the strength of the mounted pieces. At the same time, it has good permeability. When it acts on the mounted pieces, it makes it difficult to peel off the mounted pieces in the later stage, making it more difficult to repair and even causing irreversible damage to the painting (Shandong Agricultural University, 2015, 04:95). Although nanocellulose can improve the elastic modulus of the paste, the thermal stability of cellulose itself is poor, which will reduce the aging resistance of paper in an environment with large temperature and humidity changes (Shaanxi Normal University, 2020, 04: 106). Urea and formamide can destroy the granular structure of starch and form strong hydrogen bonds between starches. Although they can inhibit the regeneration of starch gel, they will reduce the toughness of paper (Polymer Bulletin, 2006, 11: 78-84). Therefore, how to find a suitable additive to modify the hardness and brittleness of the paste during the aging process, prevent the hardness and brittleness of calligraphy and painting mountings, improve the flexibility of calligraphy and painting mountings, and extend the shelf life is a major challenge facing researchers in the field of calligraphy and painting mounting. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above prior art, the present invention provides a method for modifying paste for mounting calligraphy and painting.

[0006] The modification method provided by the present invention is to compound the paste and water-based epoxy resin and then perform ultrasonic treatment. The specific method is: add water to dilute the paste to the paste concentration required for mounting calligraphy and painting, add water-based epoxy resin to the water used for dilution, and perform ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 10 to 15 kHz for 5 to 20 minutes to obtain the modified paste.

[0007] Preferably, the waterborne epoxy resin is at least one of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, n-butyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diglycidyl ester, and B-63 glycerol epoxy resin.

[0008] Preferably, the paste is any one of starch paste and flour paste.

[0009] Preferably, the paste concentration required for the small tray during mounting of calligraphy and painting is 1.5% to 3%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 0.1% to 1.5% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

[0010] Preferably, the paste concentration required for mounting calligraphy and painting is 3% to 5%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 1.5% to 3.5% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

[0011] Preferably, the paste concentration required for the large tray during mounting of calligraphy and painting is 5% to 9%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 3.5% to 5% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

[0012] Preferably, the paste concentration required for mounting the rod for calligraphy and painting is 9% to 12%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 5% to 8% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] The present invention mainly utilizes water-based epoxy resin to modify the paste to give the paste excellent moisture absorption and plasticization properties, which can effectively reduce the fracture of calligraphy and painting caused by the hardness and brittleness of the paste. At the same time, the water-based epoxy resin improves the adhesive properties of the paste and the mechanical properties of the mounted pieces, avoiding the phenomenon of the mounted pieces opening, and has the effect of significantly reducing the folding disease; secondly, the adhesive properties and aging resistance of the paste modified by the method of the present invention are significantly improved compared with traditional pastes, and will not affect the judgment of the paste performance and mounting operation of calligraphy and painting mounting staff. The present invention does not affect the traditional calligraphy and painting mounting process while improving the performance of traditional pastes, so it has a very high application value in calligraphy and painting mounting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The effect of different concentrations of waterborne epoxy resin modified paste on the mechanical properties of the small bracket. Among them, (a) is stiffness; (b) is tensile strength; (c) is Young's modulus.

[0016] Figure 2 is the effect of modified paste on the mechanical properties of small brackets during aging. Among them, (a) is stiffness; (b) is tensile strength; (c) is Young's modulus.

[0017] Figure 3 The effect of modified paste on the color difference of small brackets during aging. Among them, (a) is a traditional small bracket; (b) is a small bracket made of modified paste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0019] The process of modifying paste and mounting calligraphy and painting by the method of the present invention is as follows:

[0020] Step 1: Boil the starch aqueous solution and let it cool to obtain a paste, and measure the water content of the paste.

[0021] Step 2: Take the paste, add water to dilute it to the required paste concentration for small trays, inlays, large trays, and rods when mounting calligraphy and painting under stirring, and add water-based epoxy resin to the water used for dilution, and ultrasonically treat it at a frequency of 10 to 15 kHz for 5 to 20 minutes to obtain modified pastes for small trays, inlays, large trays, and rods. Among them, the paste concentration required for the small tray is 1.5% to 3%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 0.5% to 1.5% of the mass of the paste after dilution; the paste concentration required for inlays is 3% to 5%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 1.5% to 3.5% of the mass of the paste after dilution; the paste concentration required for large trays is 5% to 9%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 3.5% to 5% of the mass of the paste after dilution; the paste concentration required for rods is 9% to 12%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 5% to 8% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

[0022] Step 3: Lay the back of the painting upwards on the workbench and smooth it with water. Dip a brush into the modified paste used in step 2 and evenly apply it on the back of the painting. Sweep the paper flat on the painting, absorb water and drain it. Place it on felt to dry naturally. The small tray is completed.

[0023] Step 4: Spread the flattened small support piece on the workbench and cut it into a square. Then use a brush to dip the modified paste used in step 2 and apply it evenly around the small support piece. Inlay the silk material around the painting and the inlay is complete.

[0024] Step 5: Lay the finished small bracket with the back facing up on the workbench, smooth it with water, use a brush to dip the modified paste used for the large bracket in step 2 and evenly apply it on the back of the small bracket, smooth the backing paper on the back of the small bracket, absorb water and drain it, place it on felt to dry naturally, and flatten it with a machine press 3 days after it is hung on the wall. The large bracket is completed.

[0025] Step 6: Lay the large support flat on the workbench, use a brush to dip the modified paste used in step 2 and evenly apply it on the top and bottom poles, wrap them with the reserved paper or silk, let them dry naturally, and the pole installation is completed.

[0026] In the following embodiments, the small support process in calligraphy and painting mounting is taken as an example, and the bonding process principles of other parts are the same.

[0027] Comparative Example 1

[0028] Step 1: Boil the starch aqueous solution and let it cool to obtain a paste. Pass it through a 100-mesh sieve three times and measure the water content.

[0029] Step 2: While stirring, add water to dilute the paste to a concentration of 3%.

[0030] Step 3: Lay the back of the painting upwards on the workbench and smooth it with water. Use a brush to dip the diluted paste in step 2 and apply it evenly on the back of the painting. Smooth the paper on the painting, absorb water and drain it. Place it on felt to dry naturally. The small tray is completed.

[0031] The treated small brackets were tested for mechanical properties such as stress-strain and stiffness. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that the small bracket made of traditional paste has a stiffness value of 50.8mN, a tensile strength of 15.0MPa, and a Young's modulus of 9.4GPa. Although it can withstand deformation within a certain range, it exhibits high rigidity and poor flexibility.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Step 1: Boil the starch aqueous solution and let it cool to obtain a paste. Pass it through a 100-mesh sieve three times and measure the water content.

[0034] Step 2: According to the paste concentration of 3% required for the small tray when mounting calligraphy and paintings, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of the mass of the diluted paste respectively, calculate and measure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and water, add the measured 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether into the water, then slowly pour it into the paste one by one while stirring continuously, and then use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically disperse it at a frequency of 12 kHz for 10 minutes to obtain the modified paste for the small tray.

[0035] Step 3: Lay the back of the painting upwards on the workbench and smooth it with water. Dip a brush into the modified paste used in step 2 and evenly apply it on the back of the painting. Sweep the paper flat on the painting, absorb water and drain it. Place it on felt to dry naturally. The small tray is completed.

[0036] The mechanical properties of the small bracket treated in this embodiment were tested for stress, strain, stiffness, etc. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that with the increase of the amount of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether added, the stiffness of the small bracket gradually decreases, the tensile strength first increases and then decreases, and the Young's modulus also gradually decreases, indicating that the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether modified paste has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the small bracket. When the concentration of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is 0.5%, it can simultaneously improve the tensile properties and flexibility of the small bracket, and has the best treatment effect.

[0037] The aging resistance of the small brackets made of the modified paste obtained by adding 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether in the above-mentioned Example 1 at a level of 0.5% of the mass of the diluted paste was evaluated, and a comparative test was conducted with the small brackets made of the traditional paste in Comparative Example 1. The specific steps and methods are as follows: the small brackets are placed in a wet heat aging box and a blast oven in a cycle to simulate an alternating temperature and humidity environment, and the two types of small brackets are subjected to artificial accelerated aging, with 6 days as one aging cycle, and a total of 5 aging cycles, wherein the wet heat aging and dry heat aging are 3 days each, the temperature and humidity of the wet heat aging box are 80°C and 65%, and the temperature and humidity of the oven are 45°C and 35%. After each aging cycle, the aged small brackets are taken out and placed in a dryer with a room temperature and humidity of 30%. After 5 cycles, all the small brackets are kept in a closed balance in the dryer for 48 hours, and the artificial aging is completed. The stress-strain, stiffness, color difference and other indicators of the small bracket samples before and after aging are tested, and the evaluation results are as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown. During the temperature-humidity alternating aging process, the small bracket made of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether modified paste has a tensile strength of 16.1MPa after aging for 12 days, and the tensile strength of the small bracket can be maintained at a high level during the long-term aging process; during the aging process of 24 days, the Young's modulus of the small bracket made of modified paste is lower than that of the small bracket made of traditional paste and basically maintains a balance, indicating that the small bracket made of modified paste has low rigidity, high elasticity, easy bending and better softness during the long-term aging process; the small bracket made of unaged traditional paste is used as a standard sample to compare the color difference changes of the two small brackets during the aging process. When not aged, the ΔE of the small bracket made of modified paste is only 0.57. After aging for 30 days, the small bracket made of traditional paste has ΔE=3.94, and the small bracket made of modified paste has ΔE=2.78, indicating that the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether modified paste not only does not cause changes in color difference, but also delays the yellowing of paper. The overall performance of the small bracket made of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether modified paste is significantly better than that of the small bracket made of traditional paste. It can significantly reduce the rigidity of the small bracket, improve its flexibility, achieve the effect of moisture absorption and plasticization, slow down the oxidation rate of paper, and at the same time maintain the tensile strength of the small bracket within a certain range to improve the durability of the material.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Step 1: Boil the starch aqueous solution and let it cool to obtain a paste. Pass it through a 100-mesh sieve three times and measure the water content.

[0040] Step 2: Based on the paste concentration of 3% required for the small tray when mounting calligraphy and paintings and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added being 0.5% of the mass of the diluted paste, calculate and measure B-63 glycerol epoxy resin and water, add the measured B-63 glycerol epoxy resin into the water, then slowly pour it into the paste one by one while stirring continuously, and then use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically disperse it at a frequency of 12 kHz for 10 minutes to obtain a modified paste for the small tray.

[0041] Step 3: Lay the back of the painting upwards on the workbench and smooth it with water. Dip a brush into the modified paste used in step 2 and evenly apply it on the back of the painting. Sweep the paper flat on the painting, absorb water and drain it. Place it on felt to dry naturally. The small tray is completed.

[0042] The mechanical properties of the small brackets treated in this embodiment were tested for stress-strain, stiffness, etc., and the performance was compared and analyzed with the small brackets made of traditional paste in Comparative Example 1. The results showed that the B-63 modified paste can improve the tensile properties and flexibility of the small brackets at the same time. Compared with the small brackets made of traditional paste, the stiffness of the small brackets made of the modified paste was reduced by 10%, the tensile strength was increased by 5%, and the Young's modulus was reduced by 10%. In addition, the aging resistance performance was evaluated under the same conditions as mentioned above. The results showed that during the temperature and humidity alternating aging process, the tensile strength of the small bracket made of traditional paste dropped to 85% of that before aging after 12 days of aging, and the stiffness and Young's modulus increased by 20% and 30%, respectively, ΔE=3.5. However, the tensile strength of the small bracket made of B-63 modified paste remained at 95% of that before aging after 12 days of aging, and the stiffness and Young's modulus remained basically unchanged, ΔE=2.6. This shows that the small bracket made of B-63 modified paste can maintain better softness and aging resistance during the long-term aging process, which is beneficial to the long-term preservation of calligraphy and painting mountings.

Claims

1. A method for modifying a paste for mounting calligraphy and painting, characterized in that: The modification method comprises the following steps: compounding the paste and the waterborne epoxy resin and then performing ultrasonic treatment.

2. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterborne epoxy resin is at least one of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, n-butyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diglycidyl ester and B-63 glycerol epoxy resin.

3. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paste is any one of starch paste and flour paste.

4. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The paste is diluted with water to a paste concentration required for mounting calligraphy and painting, and water-based epoxy resin is added to the water used for dilution, and ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 10 to 15 kHz for 5 to 20 minutes to obtain a modified paste.

5. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The paste concentration required for the small tray during mounting of calligraphy and painting is 1.5% to 3%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 0.1% to 1.5% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

6. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The paste concentration required for mounting calligraphy and painting is 3% to 5%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 1.5% to 3.5% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

7. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The paste concentration required for the large tray during the mounting of calligraphy and painting is 5% to 9%, and the amount of water-based epoxy resin added is 3.5% to 5% of the mass of the paste after dilution.

8. The method for modifying the paste for mounting calligraphy and painting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The paste concentration required for the fashion rod in the painting and calligraphy mounting process is 9% to 12%, and the amount of waterborne epoxy resin added is 5% to 8% of the mass of the diluted paste.

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