Splitting and recycling method for waste textiles

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste textile splitting and recycling method, which is used for splitting waste textiles which are cut into sheets into short fibers and then carrying out classified recycling, and comprises the following three steps of: fermenting, opening and carding: carrying out padding and dipping treatment on pretreated sheet fabrics by adopting an auxiliary agent, so that the auxiliary agent is fully permeated into the fabric fibers; the cohesive force of fabric yarns and fibers is reduced; the fermented flaky fabric is subjected to splitting, opening and impurity removal treatment, wherein in the splitting procedure, warp and weft yarns of the flaky fabric are loosened, so that the beating force of opening equipment is reduced; in the opening process, the flaky fabric is flexibly opened, fiber blocks in raw materials are torn and released into small fiber bundles, the small fiber bundles are regenerated into a single fiber state, and conditions are created for smooth cotton carding; the small cotton bundles obtained after opening treatment are further decomposed and carded into a single fiber state through a carding machine by means of needle face movement, and qualified fibers are sucked into a packaging machine through a draught fan by means of an air duct to be automatically packaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the recycling of waste textiles, in particular to a method for recycling waste textiles by opening fibers. Background Art

[0002] With the great improvement of people's material, living and cultural level, the requirements for food, clothing and daily necessities are getting higher and higher. The abundance of material and the pursuit of fashion have led to the discarding of a large number of old clothes and textiles, resulting in a huge waste of resources. However, the earth's resources are limited, which has gradually become a consensus in the world. Therefore, people have gradually carried out research on the full utilization of limited resources, which is of great significance to reducing carbon emissions, reducing environmental pollution and reducing resource waste.

[0003] my country is a country with a large textile industry and energy shortage. According to statistics, my country currently produces about 26 million tons of waste textiles each year, and waste textiles are still growing rapidly. This is a very valuable social resource. At present, my country's reuse of waste textiles is still in its infancy. Usually, the waste textiles we throw into the trash can become fuel for incineration, causing huge waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, how to better recycle waste textiles is of great significance to promoting the circular economy and building a conservation-oriented society.

[0004] Western advanced countries are ahead of us in recycling and utilizing waste textiles. Since we are still in the development stage, the recycling and reuse of waste textiles is still in its infancy. Due to the limitations of weak technology and production costs, the recycling and reuse of waste textiles is not efficient and of little value. At present, our country has also put the recycling and reuse of waste textiles on the daily agenda. In order to achieve high-quality utilization of waste textiles, improve the utilization rate and added value of waste textiles, and make them have commercial and social value, corresponding technical support is urgently needed. This is a prerequisite for achieving high-quality and high-value recycling of waste textiles, and it is urgent.

[0005] Traditional "fermentation" fiber opening technology: Woolen fabrics need to be added with wool oil and left to stand for 24 hours to adjust the static and dynamic friction coefficients between fibers, reduce fiber damage, and protect fiber length. For blended fabrics, water spraying and standing can be used to facilitate fiber separation and increase the carding rate. There are shortcomings: ① The processing time is long and the efficiency is low (24h), ② The control of the friction coefficient of the fabric is weak, and ③ The processing technology lacks systematic research and optimization. At present, the key technologies involved in the recycling of waste textiles, fermentation, opening and carding technology, need to be improved.

[0006] CN201510080797.5 discloses a method for automatic processing and classification of waste textiles, the purpose of which is to automatically process waste textiles into four types of products: foreign matter, short fibers, short fibers and long fibers according to different directions of use. This method is to use negative pressure to suck away and pack the short fibers and dust generated during the decomposition and destruction of sheet fabrics. In fact, a dust filter system is generally used for three-stage filtration and extrusion to become waste; the long and short fibers generated in the single fiber state are graded by filter screens of different mesh sizes and divided into long fibers and short fibers. This design is difficult to achieve in practice because ① the mesh is easily clogged, ② under negative pressure adsorption, long fibers are difficult to separate from short fibers, and long fibers are also difficult to move and output from bottom to top. Therefore, for the recycling of waste textiles, it is necessary to improve the existing opening, fiber opening and classification recycling technologies. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for fiber opening and recycling of waste textiles, which utilizes opening and carding technology to achieve fiber opening, loosening and single fiber classification and recycling of waste textiles.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for recycling waste textile fibers, wherein waste textile fibers cut into sheets are opened and processed, and short fibers are classified and recycled, wherein the process includes three steps: fermentation, opening and combing; Step 1: The pretreated sheet fabric is subjected to padding, impregnation and fermentation treatment with an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent is fully penetrated into the fabric fiber to effectively reduce the cohesion of the fabric yarn and fiber; Step 2: Opening, loosening (pulling, beating) and removing impurities from the fermented fabric sheet; Fiber opening process: Use fiber opening equipment to loosen the warp and weft of the yarn of the sheet fabric to reduce the impact of the opening equipment; Opening process: Use opening equipment to flexibly open the sheet fabric, tear the fiber blocks in the raw material, loosen them into small fiber bundles, and regenerate them into single fiber state, creating conditions for the smooth carding; The fiber opening device uses a conical needle to penetrate between the warp and weft of the fabric to loosen the warp and weft of the sheet fabric. The penetration depth becomes greater and greater, and the warp and weft cohesion of the yarn becomes looser and loosens the weft beating force of the weaving. The warp and weft yarns are easier to loosen due to the addition of auxiliaries. The opening device is to tear the fabric apart and break it into pieces, opening it to a single yarn until it becomes a fiber state.

[0009] Step 3: The warp / weft fiber bundles obtained after the opening treatment are further decomposed and combed into single fibers by means of the needle movement of a carding machine, and the qualified fibers are sucked into the baling machine for automatic packaging through the air duct by a fan.

[0010] The waste textile fiber opening and recycling method, in step 1, uses a bulking agent as an auxiliary agent, and uses a horizontal padder to dip and roll the fabric strips: one dip and one roll, the liquid carrying rate is 54.59% → two dips and two rolls, the liquid carrying rate is 57.97%; → three dips and three rolls, the liquid carrying rate is 58.26%; the horizontal padder pressure is 2.0 KPa kg, the speed is 5.0 RPM; the dipping and rolling temperature is 20-90°C, and the moisture regain is 100-150%; then the fabric is dried, the drying temperature is 100-150°C, and the time is 60-120S. In the method for fiber opening and recycling of waste textiles, in step 1, impregnation treatment is performed after padding: the impregnation time is 3 to 6 minutes, the liquid carrying rate is 131.5%, the drying temperature is controlled at about 150±5°C, and the time is not less than 120S.

[0011] In the method for fiber opening and recycling of waste textiles, in step 3, a carding machine is used to classify and recycle the regenerated fibers, and the single fiber length is classified into three types: long fiber, short fiber and ultra-short fiber according to the fiber length classification. The fiber length is classified into three types of main lengths of more than 16 mm, 10-16 mm, and less than 10 mm by the Afis instrument root number method, which respectively meet the basic requirements of ring spinning, air spinning and non-woven fabrics.

[0012] Among them, the principle of fiber length classification is that long fibers are hooked by needle clothing on the surface of the cylinder, and short fibers float on the outer layer of the air flow on the surface of the cylinder. Negative pressure can absorb the short fibers on the outer layer, and changing the size of the negative pressure can control the length of the separated fibers.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the invention: 1. The method for recycling waste textiles by opening and fiber opening of the present invention adopts the reverse weaving process of untwisting fiber opening + flexible opening + fiber length classification to open and comb the waste textiles into a single fiber state, and then classify them according to the fiber length. The waste textiles are flexibly opened and combed into a single fiber state, and then the fiber classification equipment is used to sort the single fiber length into three types: long fiber, short fiber and ultra-short fiber. The length of the regenerated fiber is 20-30% longer than that of the traditional opening equipment. The fiber length classification by the Afis instrument root number method is 16 mm or more, 10 to 16 mm, and 10 mm or less. The basic requirements of ring spinning, air spinning and non-woven fabrics can be met respectively.

[0014] 2. The fiber length classification principle of the waste textile fiber opening and recycling method of the present invention is that after the waste textile is processed into a single fiber state, the long fibers are hooked by the needle cloth on the surface of the cylinder, the short fibers float on the outer layer of the air flow on the surface of the cylinder, and the slightly longer fibers are between the long and short fibers under the combined action of the hooking of the needle teeth and the centrifugal force. In this way, a layer of long, slightly longer and short fibers is formed on the surface of the cylinder, and the negative pressure can absorb the short fibers on the outer layer. The length of the separated fibers can be controlled by changing the size of the negative pressure.

[0015] 3. The method for fiber opening and recycling of waste textiles of the present invention avoids fiber damage as much as possible and protects fiber length by adding auxiliary agents, untwisting and fiber opening, flexible opening and other methods in the opening process, and then separates three main lengths of fibers through special fiber length grading equipment to adapt to different application occasions, so as to maximize the value of recycled fibers from waste textiles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Shown is a process flow chart of the method for fiber opening and recycling of waste textiles of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical concept and advantages of the invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain and illustrate the preferred implementation of the invention and should not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the patent claim of the invention.

[0018] Example 1 See also Figure 1 The invention discloses a method for recycling waste textile fibers, the purpose of which is to loosen waste textile fibers cut into sheets and then classify and recycle short fibers, the process of which includes three steps: fermentation, loosening and combing. Step 1: The pretreated sheet fabric is subjected to padding, impregnation and fermentation treatment with an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent is fully penetrated into the fabric fiber to effectively reduce the cohesion of the fabric yarn and fiber; Step 2: Opening, loosening, beating and removing impurities from the fermented sheet fabric; Fiber opening process: Use fiber opening equipment to loosen the warp and weft of the sheet-like fabric yarn to reduce the impact of the opening equipment; Opening process: Use opening equipment to flexibly open the sheet fabric, tear the fiber blocks in the raw material, loosen them into small fiber bundles, and regenerate them into single fiber state, creating conditions for the smooth carding; Among them, the fiber opening device uses a conical needle to penetrate between the warp and weft of the fabric to loosen the warp and weft of the sheet fabric. The penetration depth becomes greater and greater, and the warp and weft cohesion of the yarn becomes looser and looser, which loosens the weft beating force of the weaving. Due to the addition of auxiliaries, the warp and weft yarns are easier to loosen. The opening device is to tear the fabric apart and break it into pieces, opening it to a single yarn until it becomes a fiber state.

[0019] Step 3: The warp / weft fiber bundles obtained after the opening treatment are further decomposed and combed into single fibers by means of the needle movement of a carding machine, and the qualified fibers are sucked into the baling machine for automatic packaging through the air duct by a fan.

[0020] In step 1, a bulking agent is used as an auxiliary agent, and a horizontal padder is used to dip and roll the fabric strips: one dip and one roll, the liquid rate is 54.59% → two dips and two rolls, the liquid rate is 57.97%; → three dips and three rolls, the liquid rate is 58.26%; after dipping and rolling, the fabric strips are impregnated: the dipping time is 5 minutes, the liquid rate is 131.5%, the drying temperature is 150 degrees, and the time is not less than 120 seconds.

[0021] The horizontal padder has a pressure of 2.0 KPa and a rotation speed of 5.0 RPM; the padding temperature is 20-90°C and the moisture regain is 100-150%; the fabric is then dried at a drying temperature of 100-150°C for 60-120 seconds.

[0022] Example 2 The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that in step 3, a carding machine is used to classify and recycle the regenerated fibers, and the single fibers are classified into three types according to the fiber length, namely, long fibers, short fibers and ultra-short fibers. The fiber length is classified into three types by the Afis root number method, namely, fibers with a main length of more than 16 mm, 10 to 16 mm, and less than 10 mm, which respectively meet the basic requirements of ring spinning, air spinning and non-woven fabrics.

[0023] The principle of fiber length classification is that long fibers are hooked by the needle clothing on the surface of the cylinder, and short fibers float on the outer layer of the air flow on the surface of the cylinder. The negative pressure can absorb the short fibers on the outer layer, and the length of the separated fibers can be controlled by changing the size of the negative pressure.

[0024] The waste textile fiber opening and recycling method of the present invention uses a slitting machine to slit the classified waste textile into sheet fabrics with a size of 50mmx50mm to 150mmx150mm, and then ferments them.

[0025] It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute or should be regarded as limitations of the present invention. Under the guidance of the prior art, those skilled in the art can make other modifications to the implementation of the present invention without creative work, and any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention or simple replacement or equivalent substitution using conventional technical means in the art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fiber opening and recycling of waste textiles, wherein waste textiles cut into sheets are opened and processed and short fibers are classified and recycled, characterized in that: The process includes three steps: fermentation, opening and carding; Step 1: The pretreated sheet fabric is subjected to padding, impregnation and fermentation treatment with an additive, so that the additive fully penetrates into the fabric fiber to effectively reduce the cohesion of the fabric yarn and fiber; Step 2: The fermented sheet fabric is subjected to fiber opening, loosening and impurity removal treatment, wherein: Fiber opening process: loosen the warp and weft of the sheet-like fabric yarn to reduce the impact of the opening equipment; Opening process: Flexibly open the sheet fabric, tear the fiber blocks in the raw material, loosen it into small fiber bundles, and regenerate it into a single fiber state, creating conditions for the smooth carding; Step 3: The warp / weft fiber bundles obtained after the opening treatment are further decomposed and combed into single fibers by means of the needle movement of a carding machine, and the qualified fibers are sucked into the baling machine for automatic packaging through the air duct by a fan.

2. The method for recycling waste textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the auxiliary agent is a bulking agent, and the fabric strips are padded by a horizontal padder: One dip and one roll, liquid rate 54.59% → Two dips and two rolls, liquid rate 57.97%; → Three dips and three rolls, liquid rate 58.26%; Dipping and rolling temperature 20~90℃; The horizontal padder has a pressure of 2.0 KPa and a rotation speed of 5.0 RPM; the fabric is then dried at a temperature of 100 to 150°C for 60 to 120 seconds.

3. The method for recycling waste textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, a bulking agent is used as an auxiliary agent, and the fabric strips are treated by dipping: the dipping time is 3 to 6 minutes, the liquid carrying rate is 131.5%, the drying temperature is controlled at about 150±5°C, and the time is 120 to 180 seconds.

4. The method for recycling waste textiles by fiber opening according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: In step 3, a carding machine is used to classify and recycle the regenerated fibers. According to the fiber length classification, the single fiber length is sorted into three types: long fiber, short fiber and ultra-short fiber. The fiber length is classified into three main lengths of more than 16 mm, 10-16 mm and less than 10 mm by the Afis instrument root count method.

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